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阅读理解分分都要保［江苏高考阅读理解近5年考情统计］［命题分析］江苏高考英语阅读理解题所选材料体裁多样、语言地道、内容丰富、贴近生活，有很强的时代气息。
阅读理解文章具有英语语言独有的文化特征，试题信息量大，对考生阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求更高。
阅读理解的体裁主要有说明文、记叙文、应用文和议论文四类，题型设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。
细节理解题相对简单，而其他三种题型相对较难，且在题型设置上，推理判断题的难度会适当加大。
放眼高考，整个试卷无异就是阅读的天下，并且整个试卷的阅读量呈逐年递增的趋势。
很多考生隐性失分的因素就是阅读速度慢而导致题目没做完。
如何做到阅读提速，本书针对制约阅读的三大专题增分1 - -读懂才能做对•高考提速过“三关症结提供三大解决方案，帮考生突破读懂“三关”——词汇关、句式关、语篇关。
读文做到读懂读快，做题才能做到准解稳解。
一、运用“2策略”，突破生僻词汇阅读涉及词汇、句子、段落、语篇四个层次的理解问题,而其中最根本的是词汇。
词汇是构成语言的基本元素。
如果考生掌握的词汇量不够，在阅读中则处处都是生词，就会处处碰壁，难以顺利地读懂文章。
因此，积累足够的词汇是提高阅读技能的第一步。
一般来说，在阅读文章时，总会碰到一些自己不认识的词, 且高考文章中允许出现3%的超纲词。
《考试大纲》要求考生能“根据上下文推测生词的词义”，因此词义猜测题也是高考题型之一。
正确处理阅读中遇到的生词，掌握一定的猜测生词词义的技巧，对于理解文章及答题都非常重要。
对于生词一般有如下两种处理方式:策略（一）无关紧要的词汇——"跳过去”在语篇文章设题时，并不是所有的生词都是出题点。
在阅读中，当遇到一个生词时，不妨先问问自己：这个生词有没有进行精确猜测的必要。
高考试题中经常会出现没必要去精确猜测的生词，不知道它的精确含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。
在考试中，有10%的生词都不会干扰考生做题。
二、间接信息题(2019·江苏，A)，you can choose，the high wire forest adventure courseBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and youopera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involvedChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and theremore to explore at the Buxton Museum.There’s a new indoor play centreand others during school holiday periods.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。
文章介绍了英国巴克斯顿(Buxton)具有特色的旅游资源。
56.If you want to take an underground journey，which place is the best choice?A.Poole’s Cavern.B.Pavilion Gardens.C.Buxton Museum.D.Green Man Gallery.答案 A解析细节理解题。
根据High energy部分中的“journey beneath the earth at Poole’s Cavern”可知选A。
57.Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers .A.rides in small trainsB.courses in modern artsC.artistic and cultural activitiesD.basic courses in horse riding答案 C解析细节理解题。
类型1| 广告宣传考查要点方法技巧1.广告宣传的目的。
2．广告中提及的时间、地点、人物。
3．所介绍的事物、产品的特征。
4．所宣传的活动、项目的内容及其作用。
1.浏览标题，了解大意。
2．找准关键词、关键句，把握住细节。
3．通过分析、对比，筛选出可用信息。
(2016·江苏高考·A)－Learning：An Alternative Learning OpportunityDay School ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board (TDSB) are invited to take one or two e－Learning courses on their day school timetable.Students will remain on the roll at their day school.The on－line classroom provides an innovative，relevant and interactive learning environment.The courses and on－line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These on－line courses：are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers；are part of the TDSB student's timetable；and，appear on the student's report upon completion.Benefits of e－LearningInclude：access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school；using technology to provide students with current information；and，assistance to solve timetable conflicts.Is e－Learning for You?Students who are successful in an on－line course are usually：able to plan，organize time and complete assignments and activities；capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner；and，able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access.Students need to spend at least as much time with their on－line course workas they would in a face－to－face classroom course.A．they are given by best TDSB teachersB．they are not on the day school timetableC．they are not included on students' reportsD．they are an addition to TDSB courses57．What do students need to do before completing e－Learning courses?A．To learn information technology on－line.B．To do their assignments independently.C．To update their mobile devices regularly.D．To talk face to face with their teachers.语篇解读：本文是一则广告。
模式引推理判断题典例剖析（2014 •江苏高考节选）However wealthy we may be , we can n ever find eno ugh hours in the day to doeveryth ing we wan t.Ec ono mics deals with this problem through the con cept of opport unity cost , which simply refers to whether some on e's time or money could bebetter spe nt on someth ing else.Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we couldquite easily be doing another , or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a differe nt opport unity cost —n amely, what they cost us i nm issed opport un itiesSay you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expe nsive and itwill take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.Why not , you might reason , watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner withfriends ? This ——the alter native use of your cash and time ——is the opport unity cost.For econo mists , every decisi on is made by kno wledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment —in order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you arereceiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better —in formed , more reas on able decisi on s.C on sider that most famous econo mic rule of all ：there's no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to take you outto lunch for free ，the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.60．What are forgone opportunities?A．Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking.B．Opportunities you give up for better ones.C．Opportunities you miss accidentally.D．Opportunities you make up for.60.B [ 推理判断题。
专题四任务型阅读三类考查形式的解题技巧考查形式1 原文词汇1.命题特点：此类题考查学生捕捉文中信息的能力。
常占总题量的50%- 60%难度不大，关键是信息的定位与筛选。
2•解题技巧（1）有些原文词汇难度不大，学生只需要结合题目所在句子在原文中找到句意相同的句子即可。
此时题目所在的句子和原文句子同样比较简短。
[典例1] （2016 -江苏高考）lt provides a dozen definitions of a key term for usto find the 75. ___________ of the matter.【解析】本题对应第三段中的which helps me dig into the core and un dersta ndits meaning ，指找出问题的"核心/关键”，故填heart/core 。
[典例2] （2015 •江苏高考）Serious readers will both get excited over whathappe ns in some n ews stories and 79. ______ themselves to the reality.【解析】本题对应倒数第二段中的he pulls himself in to the world of surrou ndingreality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work ，且空前的and 连接两个并列成分，前后形式应一致，因此这里用动词原形adapt o（2）有少数原文词汇题比较复杂，常表现在题目所在句简短而原文所在句很长，或原文和题目所在句均很长。
在这两种情况下，由于题目所在句是对原文所在句进行了句型转换，意思一样，但原文词汇显得更加隐蔽，基础差的同学往往发现不了。
此时，学生要认真比对信息，通过筛选和甄别，最终锁定原文词汇。
类型2| 故事轶闻(2016·江苏高考·D)Not so long ago，most people didn't know who Shelly－Ann Fraser－Pryce was going to become.She was just an average high school athlete.There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future.However，one person wanted to change this.Stephen Francis observed then eighteen－year－old Shelly－Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.Her times were not exactly impressive，but even so，he sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking.He decided to offer Shelly－Ann a place in his very strict training sessions.Their cooperation quickly produced results，and a few years later at Jamaica's Olympic trials in early 2008，Shelly－Ann，who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world，beat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint (短跑)．“Where did she come from？”asked an astonished sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one－hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.But Shelly－Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one－hit wonder.At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.She did it again one year on at theWorld Championships in Berlin，becoming world champion with a time of 10.73—the fourth fastest time ever.Shelly－Ann is a little woman with a big smile.She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance.Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless.She grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner－city communities known as Waterhouse，where she lived in a one－room apartment，sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers.Waterhouse，one of the poorest communities in Jamaica，is a really violent and overpopulated place.Several of Shelly－Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings；one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived.Sometimes her family didn't have enough to eat.She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes.Her mother Maxime，one of a family of fourteen，had been an athlete herself as a young girl but，like so many other girls in Waterhouse，had to stop after she had her first baby.Maxime's early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly－Ann was taking her to the track，and she was ready to sacrifice everything.It didn't take long for Shelly－Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse.On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008，all those long，hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit.The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly－Ann's victory was far greater than that.The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing，the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped.The dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days.“I_have_so_much_fire_burning_for_my_country，”Shelly said.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intendsto fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world.As Muhammad Ali puts it，“Champions aren't made in gyms.Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.A desire，a dream，a vision.”One of the things Shelly－Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.65．Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly－Ann?A．He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.B．He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.C．She had big problems maintaining her performance.D．She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.66．What did the sprinting world think of Shelly－Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?A．She would become a promising star.B．She badly needed to set higher goals.C．Her sprinting career would not last long.D．Her talent for sprinting was known to all.67．What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?A．Her success and lessons in her career.B．Her interest in Shelly－Ann's quick profit.C．Her wish to get Shelly－Ann out of poverty.D．Her early entrance into the sprinting world.68．What can we infer from Shelly－Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5?A．She was highly rewarded for her efforts.B．She was eager to do more for her country.C．She became an athletic star in her country.D．She was the envy of the whole community.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。
类型7| 文化教育考查要点方法技巧1.文章的主题。
2．所述文化教育的发展、特点、功能。
3．不同文化教育间的异同、优点及缺点。
4．价值观、道德观、风俗习惯的形成。
1.抓住文章的内在逻辑关系，理清脉络。
2．定位关键信息词、主题句，明确主旨。
3．重点关注所述对象的特征，并进行归纳概括。
(2016·天津高考·C)When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all, he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a 40－year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，”said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47.Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental－health scores with their boyhood－activity scores.Points were awarded for part－time jobs, housework, effort in school，and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out asadults was surprisingly sharp．Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working—at any age—is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn't everything.As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.”46．What do we know about John?A．He enjoyed his career and marriage.B．He had few childhood playmates.C．He received little love from his family.D．He was envied by others in his childhood.47．Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ________．A．a description of personal values and social valuesB．an analysis of how work was related to competenceC．an example for parents' expectations of their childrenD．an explanation why some boys grew into happy men48．Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ________．A．recording the boys' effort in schoolB．evaluating the men's mental healthC．comparing different sets of scoresD．measuring the men's problem solving ability49．What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A．Quick to react. B．Having a thin edge.C．Clear and definite. D．Sudden and rapid.50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．Competent adults know more about love than work.B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.D．Independence is the key to one's success.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。
专题三阅读理解近3年阅读理解考情分析年份体裁题材命题角度细节理解题主旨大意题推理判断题词义猜测题2016A.应用文B．说明文C．说明文D．记叙文广告宣传科普说明科普说明人物故事8 3 3 12015A.应用文B．说明文C．议论文D．议论文广告宣传科普说明说理议论说理议论5 26 22014A.说明文B．议论文C．说明文D．应用文广告宣传说理议论科普说明人物故事7 1 4 3考向预测2017年将继续从细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断、词义猜测四个方面考查考生的阅读理解能力，考点设置会与2016年基本相同。
而从题材来看，广告应用类及说理议论类仍是考查重点。
模式1| 细节理解题事实认定数学计算顺序排列图表鉴别通过阅读，认定文中出现的who，what，when，where，which，how等具体事实信息。
对文中所涉及的年代、年龄、数量、钱款等进行规整、计算、换算，得出试题所要求的答案。
对文中所列举的事实、事项、事件等按照时间、空间或逻辑顺序的关系进行恰当排序。
用图表代替具体事实，使文中的某些信息更直观、更形象地得以展现。
解题技(1)略读、跳读，锁定与问题相关的信息范围，定位相关的词语或句子。
(2)读选项，理解各选项的意义，比较各选项的意义差别。
巧(3)通过直接信息认定、同义替换对应，筛选出正确答案。
(4)重点关注给出的例证、类比、顺序等重要信息点。
[典例1] (2016·江苏高考·B)Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct (本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory，chimps don't naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at random—he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills，at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a sharedpurpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work towarda shared goal.58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A．Chimps seldom care about others' interests.B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food.D．Chimps naturally share food with each other.59．Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they ________．A．have the instinct to help othersB．know how to offer help to adultsC．know the world better than chimpsD．trust adults with their hands full, 本文是一篇说明文。
介绍了黑猩猩与人类的区别——人类从小具有合作、分享、参与意识，而黑猩猩除了在某些方面偶尔有合作外，在其他方面都是各顾各的，非常自私。
58．A[细节理解题。
根据第二段中的．..he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.可知，黑猩猩很自私，这和A项说的“黑猩猩很少关心其他黑猩猩的利益”一致。
根据第一段中的Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children...可知，甚至黑猩猩妈妈常拒绝与它们的孩子分享食物，故排除B项；由第二段中的he will pull at random可知，黑猩猩会随意吃别的黑猩猩盘子里的食物，这和C项的“黑猩猩喜欢吃它们的邻居的食物”相悖；根据第一段中的．..they have little instinct to help one another...seek food for themselves.Even...decline to share...可知，它们不愿意分享食物，排除D项。
] 59．A[细节理解题。
由第三段的From the earliest ages，they desire to help others...可知，孩子很小的时候就知道帮助他人，这和A项意思一致。
B项说的how在文章中没有提到，文章只是讲孩子会帮助别人；第四段最后一句提到but were considerably better at understanding the social world，而C选项说world，少了social，故犯了范围过大的错误；D项错在trust，文章没有提到。
][典例2](2015·江苏高考·C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization.It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities.To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand theirrange of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers，you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community service，some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately，these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g.，“I volunteer because it's important to me”) to an external factor (e.g.，“I volunteer because I'm required to do so”)．When that happens，people become less likely to volunteer in the future.People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer，what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question，researchers have conducted follow－up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance，one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year.One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.Although this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical advice.The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”．Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role.It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers' expectations，they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results，once again，lead to concrete advice：“Once an individual begins volunteering，continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity...Items like T－shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.”62．What can we learn from the Florida study?A．Follow－up studies should last for one year.B．Volunteers should get mentally prepared.C．Strategy training is a must in research.D．Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.63．What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A．Individual differences in role identity.B．Publicly identifiable volunteer T－shirts.C．Role identity as a volunteer.D．Practical advice from researchers.62.B[细节理解题。
