2019版二轮复习高考英语练酷版练习：专题四 习题讲评 课三 Word版含解析

短文改错4步曲——后思时态father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.解析：find→found根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter holiday”可知，本句讲述的是去年寒假的事情，所以此处应用一般过去时，故把find改为found。

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.解析：are→were根据主句的谓语“didn’t realize”和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语“entered”可知此处说的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.解析：begin→begun根据语境可知，此处是过去完成时，故begin应用过去分词形式。

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！解析：came→comes主句为一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来；summer为可数名词单数，故用comes。

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.解析：had→have由时间状语in the past few years可知，此处应用现在完成时。

6．This summer, I attended a journalism-themed summer camp, where I learn a lot.解析：learn→learned/learnt根据“This summer”和“attended”可知，learn所表示的动作发生在过去，故把learn改为learned或learnt。

短文改错4步曲——再查逻辑two years, but he agreed.解析：but→and“我计划每两年回(乡下的爷爷奶奶家)一次”与“我父亲同意了”之间是顺承关系，不表示转折，故将but改为and。

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.解析：and→or主语是Everyone，此处表示选择而非并列关系，因此应是“读他或她的段落”。

因此and改为or。

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.解析：so→but/yet句意：上车之前，我以为我已经学会了教练的指令，但一旦我启动了汽车，我的大脑变得一片空白。

根据语境可知，前后内容之间表示转折含义，应该用转折连词but或yet。

4．(2018·石家庄检测)However, after a few days, I decided not to let one single loss keep me from doing what I love.But I cheered up and devoted myself to singing again.解析：But→So上一句说的是“我决定不让一次失败阻止我做自己喜欢做的事情”，下文是“我振作起来，重新投入唱歌中”，这两句话之间是因果关系，且为前因后果，故将But 改为So。

5．We’re on holiday in Spain now.We spent a few days in Barcelona first.It’s a great place but we had a good time though I didn’t feel well one day.解析：but→and此处表示：这是一个很棒的地方，而且我们玩得很开心。

有提示词类必考点(三)——词性转换、比较等级及其他major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollution decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.解析：scientist第二句句意：我是一名研究动物的科学家，例如类人猿和猴子。

冠词后用名词，此处表示科学家，故填scientist。

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.解析：introduction空格前是定冠词the，空格后是of所有格，故此处用名词形式。

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her (educate)．解析：education形容词性物主代词her 应该修饰名词，educate 的名词形式是education。

5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract)．解析：attraction句意：但是对于像我这样的旅行者，熊猫是它(成都)最吸引人的东西。

根据前面的its及形容词top“头等的；最重要的”可知，后面跟名词形式。

attraction“有吸引力的事物”。

6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve)．解析：achievement介词of后应用名词作宾语。

有提示词类必考点(三)——词性转换、比较等级及其他技法一形容词性物主代词、形容词、冠词、介词或及物动词(短语)后要用名词major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollution decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.解析：scientist第二句句意：我是一名研究动物的科学家，例如类人猿和猴子。

冠词后用名词，此处表示科学家，故填scientist。

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.解析：introduction空格前是定冠词the，空格后是of所有格，故此处用名词形式。

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her (educate)．解析：education形容词性物主代词her 应该修饰名词，educate 的名词形式是education。

5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract)．解析：attraction句意：但是对于像我这样的旅行者，熊猫是它(成都)最吸引人的东西。

根据前面的its及形容词top“头等的；最重要的”可知，后面跟名词形式。

attraction“有吸引力的事物”。

因惯性思维而错选在英语教学中，由于种种原因，如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令学生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，抑制思维能力的发展。

在做完形填空题时，特 别要注意中西文化的差异，克服思维定式。

要养成用英语思维的习惯，要随着文段发展脉络，调整思维偏差。

(一)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。

[典例1] (2018·6月浙江高考)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was48.boring, I asked him why he just didn ’t do his sideline full -time.He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he51.quit the job, he would lose his52.drive to work and succeed.49．A.luckilyB ．hardlyC ．hopefullyD ．simply分析：选D 根据语境可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。

simply “(强调某说法)确实，简直”。

simply 这个词对于习惯汉语思维的我们而言有点儿抽象。

我们比较熟悉的是它表示“简朴地；简单地”的义项，如：The rooms are simply furnished.和The book explains grammar simply and clearly.(二)学习短语或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响例如：学了wait for 这个短语以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait ，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for 。

姓名，年级：时间：专题五短文改错短文改错4步曲-—先看词法技法一注意可数名词单复数，不可数名词要记清，谨防名词所有格(1．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.解析：ch icken→chickens短语dozens of“许多"，后面接可数名词复数，此处应用chicken的复数形式。

2．（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.解析：sort→sorts all 修饰可数名词sort，应用其复数形式sorts。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ）At that moment, I remembered that my fat her once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks， and mistake as well.”解析:mistake→mistakes根据语境可知，此处表示“从课本和错误中学习"，mistake是可数名词,错误不止一个，因此用复数形式。

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the w ord，“Speed up！” “Slow down!” “Turn left！”解析：word→words根据“Speed up！"“Slow down！"“Turn left!”可知，教练发出了三种指令,故用word的复数形式words。

5．（2016·6月浙江高考）When I was a very young children， my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.解析：children→child根据主语I 和冠词a 可知，此处表示“当我是个孩子时”，故用child的单数形式。

组合练四(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.完形填空(2018·福建省毕业班质量检查)Growing up, I always hid my thumbs (拇指) in my fists because of their unusual shape. 1 they do look more like big toes (脚趾) 2 thumbs. And from an early age, my thumbs 3 another name “toe thumbs”．In high school, I served as a cashier in a grocery store.One day, I was 4 the bill of a sweet little old lady and as I 5 her change back to her, she suddenly took my hands and said in a thick Polish 6 ，“Y ou are Polish! Look at those 7 Polish thumbs! They match mine！”She raised her hands and 8 her thumbs to me that 9 weathered and wrinkled, looked exactly like mine! She 10 my hands again and said, “Be 11 of those thumbs！”I’ll never forget that 30-second 12 with a stranger that forever 13 my view of a part of me I once was 14 at and now accept.As I was eating dinner with my son, Samuel, that night, he looked down at my hand 15 on the table next to his and said, “Mommy! Our thumbs 16 ！”I smiled and answered, “Yes, they do, buddy! Those are strong Polish 17 you have! Take pride in them! Maybe someday you’ll have a little boy or girl who will have the same thumbs！”I 18 my son never hides his thumbs like I did. I hope he’ll be proud of their “unusualness” and the 19 behind them.He inherits (遗传) a(n) 20 part from me and that for me will always be beautiful!语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

段中位置题的思考点(二)——因果、转折、例证关系四、根据因果关系解题[典例]　(2017·北京高考片段)...One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear....A．We should also try to sleep well the night before.E．That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.[解析]　选E　此题从行文逻辑上判断属因果关系。

空前一句的意思是，有一种观点认为，睡眠有助于增强新的记忆，选项E(那就是为什么学生如果能在学习之后有机会睡觉的话，他们就会在考试中发挥更好)是上文产生的结果。

该项中的That指代的就是前面的观点，因此正确答案为E。

[增分技巧]　表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。

五、根据转折关系解题[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ片段)...Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 ，they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones....A．While all of them are usefulC．If you’re experimenting with a color[解析]　选A　此题属转折关系，前句讲的是“有几种技巧帮助设计者”，空后句意为“它们会有一点复杂”，显然前后句意有“转折”，故A项符合语境。

锁定考向·精准备考——全国卷英语试题研读与命题趋势剖析一、阅读理解考查题型统计 项目卷别 体　裁细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题卷Ⅰ应用文；说明文；说明文；说明文7521卷Ⅱ应用文；说明文；议论文；说明文93212018卷Ⅲ应用文；说明文；记叙文；议论文9321卷Ⅰ应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文7611卷Ⅱ应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文56222017卷Ⅲ应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文6621卷Ⅰ说明文；议论文；记叙文；说明文10311卷Ⅱ应用文；记叙文；说明文；记叙文75122016卷Ⅲ应用文；记叙文；说明文；说明文8412从上表的信息可以看出，近三年全国卷阅读理解有如下特点：1．体裁各有所重从上面的表格中可以看出，全国卷阅读理解考查全面，体裁涉及应用文、说明文、记叙文和议论文四种体裁，但2018年全国卷Ⅰ和全国卷Ⅱ没有出现记叙文。

考生在练习四大体裁的文章时，要有所侧重。

2．细节决定成败根据上面的表格可以看出，题目设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义猜测题。

准确理解细节不但有助于提高细节理解题的得分率，而且也是做好推理判断题的前提。

因此，细节决定成败！3．题材丰富且具有时代性阅读理解选材涵盖人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题，更加注重将学科素养的考核融入对语言能力的考查中，充分体现了高考坚持立德树人、发展素质教育的目标。

二、阅读七选五考查类型 项目卷别体裁挖空位置主旨概括句上下文过渡句细节支撑句卷Ⅰ说明文段首1题；段中3题；段尾1题131卷Ⅱ说明文段首2题；段中2题；段尾1题2212018卷Ⅲ说明文段首2题；段中2题；段尾1题131卷Ⅰ记叙文段首2题；段中2题；段尾1题131卷Ⅱ说明文段首1题；段中4题122 2017卷Ⅲ说明文段首1题；段中3题；段尾1题122卷Ⅰ说明文段首1题；段中4题122卷Ⅱ说明文段首1题；段中4题131 2016卷Ⅲ说明文段首1题；段中4题113通过对近三年全国卷阅读七选五试题的分析，我们得知阅读七选五有以下特点：1．短文体裁：三年来，文章的体裁以说明文为主，偶尔会给出标题。

专题一阅读理解细节理解题增分点(一)——间接细节理解题细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。

间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大，命题的迷惑性更大，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。

考生不能从原文中直接找到答案，而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。

[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)...Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein)．Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质)．The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C....24．What does the author seem to like about cherries?A．They contain protein.B．They are high in vitamin A.C．They have a pleasant taste.D．They are rich in antioxidants.[解析]选C在该选段中，作者比较了草莓、蓝莓、樱桃和核桃类水果各自不同的优点，从其中“As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares？”这句话可知，人们喜欢樱桃是因为它们味道甜美。