跨文化交际4
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跨文化交际Unit4
Things like puns defy translation across languages.
பைடு நூலகம்
More examples
“Why time flies?”
“Because somebody wants to kill it.” “你有什么了不起，能把我吃了！”
“不能,我是回民！” 外甥打灯笼照(舅)旧
Language = neutral codes and grammatical rules? We make cultural choices when we select words,
form sentences and send a message. All languages have social questions and information
as before; as usual; as of old 狗撵鸭子呱呱叫
very good
More examples
恋爱“三草”原则: 女：你说你很寂寞，为什么不去找你以前的女朋友而来追我
呢？
男：好马不吃回头草！(A good horse will never turn round to graze on an old pasture.)
meaning comes out of the context, the cultural usage.
Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
Language reflects the environment in which we live. (snow, wine)
More examples
I am sorry. I am sorry, too. I am sorry three. What are you sorry for (four)? I am sorry five.
பைடு நூலகம்
More examples
“Why time flies?”
“Because somebody wants to kill it.” “你有什么了不起，能把我吃了！”
“不能,我是回民！” 外甥打灯笼照(舅)旧
Language = neutral codes and grammatical rules? We make cultural choices when we select words,
form sentences and send a message. All languages have social questions and information
as before; as usual; as of old 狗撵鸭子呱呱叫
very good
More examples
恋爱“三草”原则: 女：你说你很寂寞，为什么不去找你以前的女朋友而来追我
呢？
男：好马不吃回头草！(A good horse will never turn round to graze on an old pasture.)
meaning comes out of the context, the cultural usage.
Reading I How Is Language Related to Culture
Language reflects the environment in which we live. (snow, wine)
More examples
I am sorry. I am sorry, too. I am sorry three. What are you sorry for (four)? I am sorry five.
大学英语跨文化交际 chapter4
Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication BarriersI. Teaching ObjectivesIn this chapter, the teacher should enable the students to:1. understand Intercultural Communication Barriers.2. understand some barriers caused by emotional problems and attitudinal problems.3. analyze various reasons for the persistence of ethnocentrism, stereotyping,prejudice and racism.4. perceive and deal with some barriers caused by translation problems.II. Contents1. Keywords(1) Anxiety: It occurs because of not knowing what one is expected to do, and focusing on thatfeeling and not be totally present in the communication transaction.（焦虑：当人们不知道如何迎合他人对自己的期待，过多的关注自己情绪以至不能全心投入到交际事物中去时，就会产生焦虑。
）(2) Uncertainty: It refers to our cognitive inability to explain our own or other’s feelings andbehaviors in interactions because of an ambiguous situation that evokes anxiety. (不确定：不确定是指人们无法从认知的角度去解释交际活动中自己或他人的感觉及行为，这种认知角度解释能力的欠缺是某种引起焦虑的含糊情境导致的。
大学英语跨文化交际chapter4 Intercultural Communication Barriers
Anxiety refers to the feeling of not knowing what one is expected to do, and focusing on that feeling and not being totally present in the communication transaction. Feeling nervous, being afraid of failure in communication Consequences:
Most other cultures are backward compared with my culture. My culture should be the role model for other cultures. Other cultures should try to be more like my culture. Most people from other cultures just don’t know what’s good for them. I have little respect for the values and customs of other cultures. Most people would be happier if they lived like people in my culture. People in my culture have just about the best lifestyles of anywhere. Lifestyles in other cultures are not as valid as those in my culture. I do not cooperate with people who are different. I do not trust people who are different. I dislike interacting with people from different cultures. Other cultures are smart to look up to my culture. Other people are much the same as my people. Our way of doing things is the only right way.
Most other cultures are backward compared with my culture. My culture should be the role model for other cultures. Other cultures should try to be more like my culture. Most people from other cultures just don’t know what’s good for them. I have little respect for the values and customs of other cultures. Most people would be happier if they lived like people in my culture. People in my culture have just about the best lifestyles of anywhere. Lifestyles in other cultures are not as valid as those in my culture. I do not cooperate with people who are different. I do not trust people who are different. I dislike interacting with people from different cultures. Other cultures are smart to look up to my culture. Other people are much the same as my people. Our way of doing things is the only right way.
《跨文化交际》-4-禁忌-1
Culture and Taboos
Taboos as a pervasive
/omnipresent social phenomenon, have their obvious historical and cultural roots for their emergence, existence and continuance.
For
some local wedding dinner, the fish head, tail and fish bones are not allowed to be eaten, because people hope that the new couple will remain a devoted couple to the end of their lives (白头偕老),a complete couple(有头有尾).
Culture and Taboos
D) In
social communication, Westerners avoid talking about privacy which includes age, income, wealth, marriage, love affairs.
Culture and Taboos
Culture and Taboos
B
)People in English-speaking countries are expected to avoid talking shop (谈本行,三句不离本 行 C) In English-speaking country, Christians regard suicide as sin, so suicide is not an appropriate topic.
国际汉语教师-21中华文化与跨文化交际 4 跨文化交际
老板， 来两斤苹果。
。。。
（我先来的）
三. 时间观念——单向与多向时间习惯（1）
好的。嘿！王先生， 好久不见！最近好吗？
我最近很忙啊！ 给我来个西瓜吧
好！稍等一下！
单时制文化的人们通过计划和预约来控制 时间，在一段时间里只做一件事，强调准时、 预约和最后期限。而多时制文化中的人认为时 间是围绕生活的，在同一时间内往往做多件事 情。工作经常被打断，计划也经常改变。
错“，也要引导学生，用大格局去想问题，用跨文化的”第三双眼睛”
看世界。
分析. 案例中的师生交流出现了什么问题？
1 师：下面我们用“像……一样”句型来说句子。那个学生像猫一样……，怎么样呢？
生1：像猫一样性感。 生2：像猫一样邪恶。 师：不是。那个学生像猫一样安静，轻手轻脚地走进教室。 师：他像什么动物一样勤奋？ 生：他像狗一样勤奋。 师：他像老黄牛一样勤奋。 师：他睡觉睡得很香，像什么一样？ 生：像木头一样。 师：他睡觉睡得像小猪一样香。
中国的时间观：
两种都有，前者占主导地位。儒家文化重视历史，主张以史为鉴， 比较重视过去，但直线式思维没有西方强；
在伊斯兰文化中，时间观念是重视现在的，认为未来属于真主阿拉， 不愿意预测未来；
而在美国，人们受到的是向前看的教育，一定要着眼于未来，印度 教徒和佛教徒也有将来的时间取向，把希望寄托在来世。
文化适应
一. 跨文化适应过程的四个阶段 P102
一. 蜜月期
刚到新环境一两 个星期，兴奋而激动， 新奇而有趣，对新的 文化持有正面的态度。
三. 恢复期（调整阶段）
可以接受和理解当地文化， 意识到了文化的差异，外语 能力提高了，也有了当地朋 友，感觉一切都还行。
二. 挫折期（沮丧阶段）
跨文化交际(四)解析
rception
Perception is the means by which we make sense of our physical and social world. As Gamble and Gamble state, “perception is the process of selecting, organizing and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our world.” The physical mechanism of perception is pretty much the same in all people: sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, and nose permit us to sense our environment, and the sensations received by them are routed through our nervous system to our brains, where they are interpreted and accorded meaning in two-stage sequence.
Cultural Patterns
The manner in which we perceive the world rests on more than beliefs and values. Cultures are extremely complex and consist of numerous interrelated cultural orientations besides beliefs and values, including attitudes, norms, and material aspects. A useful umbrella term that allow us to talk about these orientations collectively instead of separately is cultural patterns, which refers to both the conditions that contribute to the way in which a people perceive and think about the world, and the manner in which they live in that world.
Perception is the means by which we make sense of our physical and social world. As Gamble and Gamble state, “perception is the process of selecting, organizing and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our world.” The physical mechanism of perception is pretty much the same in all people: sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, and nose permit us to sense our environment, and the sensations received by them are routed through our nervous system to our brains, where they are interpreted and accorded meaning in two-stage sequence.
Cultural Patterns
The manner in which we perceive the world rests on more than beliefs and values. Cultures are extremely complex and consist of numerous interrelated cultural orientations besides beliefs and values, including attitudes, norms, and material aspects. A useful umbrella term that allow us to talk about these orientations collectively instead of separately is cultural patterns, which refers to both the conditions that contribute to the way in which a people perceive and think about the world, and the manner in which they live in that world.
跨文化交际中英文化对比4
The emperors and officials usually wore red garments and black guan in the imperial court,
The garments were often decorated with such patterns as peony ([ˈpiːəni] 牡丹), camellia ([kəˈmiːliə]山茶花), lily ([lɪli]百合花), plum blossom ([plʌmˈblɒsəm] 梅花), etc.
cuff [kʌf] n.袖口 slit [slɪt] n.狭长的切口；开缝
collar cuff sleeve
hem
slit
Parts of Traditional Chinese Clothes
girdle
sash
girdle [ˈɡɜːrdl] n.腰带；围绕物
sash [sæʃ] n.腰带；肩带；饰带
The zhaoshan featured a round collar and narrow sleeves without hems (褶边), a perfect combination of Hufu and Hanfu
Traditional Chinese Clothes
Females‘ clothes in the Sui and Tang dynasties became more relaxed and revealing (暴露的) in the Tang Dynasty than in the previous dynasties, with a great variety of patterns.
The Central Plain Area
The garments were often decorated with such patterns as peony ([ˈpiːəni] 牡丹), camellia ([kəˈmiːliə]山茶花), lily ([lɪli]百合花), plum blossom ([plʌmˈblɒsəm] 梅花), etc.
cuff [kʌf] n.袖口 slit [slɪt] n.狭长的切口；开缝
collar cuff sleeve
hem
slit
Parts of Traditional Chinese Clothes
girdle
sash
girdle [ˈɡɜːrdl] n.腰带；围绕物
sash [sæʃ] n.腰带；肩带；饰带
The zhaoshan featured a round collar and narrow sleeves without hems (褶边), a perfect combination of Hufu and Hanfu
Traditional Chinese Clothes
Females‘ clothes in the Sui and Tang dynasties became more relaxed and revealing (暴露的) in the Tang Dynasty than in the previous dynasties, with a great variety of patterns.
The Central Plain Area
最重要的四个跨文化交际原理
最重要的四个跨文化交际原理跨文化交际是在不同文化背景下进行有效沟通和相互理解的过程。
在全球化的今天，跨文化交际变得尤为重要。
为了帮助您更好地应对跨文化交际的挑战，以下是四个最重要的跨文化交际原理：1. 尊重和感知不同文化跨文化交际的基础是尊重和感知不同文化。
了解和尊重他人的文化差异是建立良好关系和避免冲突的关键。
在交流中展示出对对方文化的理解和尊重，可以帮助消除误解和偏见。
通过研究和关注其他文化的价值观、、礼仪和俗，您可以更好地适应和融入不同的文化环境。
2. 改善语言和非语言交际语言是跨文化交际中最常用的工具。
但是，语言的使用也可能引发误解和摩擦。
重要的是要保持清晰和准确的表达，避免使用含糊不清、难以理解或具有文化敏感性的词语。
此外，非语言交际，如身体语言、表情和肢体动作，也扮演着重要的角色。
了解并适应不同文化中的非语言交际方式可以帮助您更好地理解对方的意思和情感。
3. 培养跨文化敏感度和灵活性跨文化交际需要培养跨文化敏感度和灵活性。
这意味着您需要对不同文化的价值观、、俗和行为规范保持开放的态度，并能够适应和调整自己的交际方式。
了解文化之间的差异并学会妥协和适应可以帮助您更好地与他人建立联系，并在跨文化环境中取得成功。
4. 提高文化知识和跨文化交际技巧研究和提高文化知识是跨文化交际的关键。
了解其他文化的历史、传统、价值观和社会俗，可以帮助您更好地理解和尊重对方。
此外，掌握跨文化交际技巧也是必不可少的。
例如，学会倾听和观察，提出明确的问题和回应，以及灵活运用适当的交际策略，都是有效跨文化交际的技巧。
以上是四个最重要的跨文化交际原理。
通过遵循这些原理，您将能够更好地应对跨文化交际的挑战，建立更有效的跨文化关系，并在全球化的环境中取得成功。
跨文化交际英语阅读教程4课文翻译 (2)
跨文化交际英语阅读教程4课文翻译第一课：文化差异与交际文化差异的定义文化差异是指不同国家或地区之间的历史、地理、宗教、经济等方面的差异。
这些差异会影响到人们的价值观、信仰、行为习惯、社会组织形式等。
在跨文化交际中，了解和尊重文化差异非常重要。
文化差异对交际的影响文化差异对交际有着深远的影响。
不同文化背景的人在沟通交流中可能会遇到以下问题： 1. 语言障碍：不同国家和地区使用不同的语言，理解和表达存在障碍。
2. 非语言符号的差异：不同国家和地区的非语言符号（如手势、表情、礼仪等）可能有不同的含义，容易引发误解。
3. 礼貌和礼仪的差异：不同文化对礼貌和礼仪的要求有所不同，可能会造成交际上的尴尬和冲突。
4. 价值观的冲突：不同文化对价值观的理解和认同也存在差异，可能会引发理念上的冲突。
跨文化交际的技巧为了更好地进行跨文化交流，以下是一些技巧： 1. 学习对方的语言：学习对方的语言可以加深理解，减少语言障碍。
2. 了解对方的文化：了解对方的文化背景、价值观念和行为习惯，增进理解和尊重。
3. 尊重对方的非语言符号：避免使用可能被对方误解的非语言符号，尊重对方的习俗和文化。
4. 灵活调整自己的礼貌和礼仪：在不同文化背景下，灵活调整自己的礼貌和礼仪，以尊重对方的文化。
5. 接纳不同的价值观：不同文化的人们对于相同事物的看法可能存在差异，要学会接纳并理解对方的价值观。
第二课：文化沟通中的误解和解决高、低沟通语境的差异高沟通语境的文化中，人们通过非语言符号、隐含的信息和环境背景来传递信息；低沟通语境的文化中，人们更加注重直接明确的信息。
了解和适应不同的沟通语境是避免误解的关键。
文化差异引发的误解1.时间观念：在一些高度重视时间效率的文化中，迟到被视为不尊重；而在某些文化中，迟到是普遍存在的现象。
2.礼貌和直接表达：一些文化注重礼节和婉转的表达方式，而另一些文化更加注重直接坦率的交流。
3.非语言符号：不同文化的手势、表情、身体接触等非语言符号可能有不同的含义，可能会引发误解。
跨文化交际第四章-集体主义vs个人主义
8
Individuals can do whatever they want, and their “freedom” and their “rights” are necessary values.
9
They build contracts to protect their rights from others and to protect their dignity.
7
1. Individual-Oriented Societies
Individualistic culture believes that people are supposed to take care of themselves and remain emotionally independent of groups, organizations, or other collectivities. Selfemphasis is important, even in building friendships.
大家好
1
Individualism-collectivism
Main Points 1) Individualism-collectivism 2) Individual-Oriented Societies 3) Collectivism-Oriented Societies 4 ) How to make the two work together
3
Individualism— being different
Collectivism—how much you can do for the group you are in
4
Some countries, such as the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, place a high value on individualism. There cultures emphasize the worth and dignity of the individual over the group, independence rather than interdependence, and relatively few social obligations.
Individuals can do whatever they want, and their “freedom” and their “rights” are necessary values.
9
They build contracts to protect their rights from others and to protect their dignity.
7
1. Individual-Oriented Societies
Individualistic culture believes that people are supposed to take care of themselves and remain emotionally independent of groups, organizations, or other collectivities. Selfemphasis is important, even in building friendships.
大家好
1
Individualism-collectivism
Main Points 1) Individualism-collectivism 2) Individual-Oriented Societies 3) Collectivism-Oriented Societies 4 ) How to make the two work together
3
Individualism— being different
Collectivism—how much you can do for the group you are in
4
Some countries, such as the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, place a high value on individualism. There cultures emphasize the worth and dignity of the individual over the group, independence rather than interdependence, and relatively few social obligations.
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Geography of Greece
• The ancient Greeks first established a relative democratic, equal society, where lived the merchants and businessmen.
What is the relationship between physical environment & culture?
influence
Environment
influence
Culture
Culture is a holistic system
• Culture can be divided into several subsystems.
It is collectivism.
China
In the process of agricultural production, the harvest, to a large extent, relies on the soil condition and weather. Thereby people formed the idea of
Geography of Greece
• Greece is a land of mountains. • The mountains are rocky ones,
where farming seems relatively impossible.
Geography of Greece
• Exchanging with others turned into the critical way to get necessities for daily life and raw material for industry. (commercial cultural )
It has more than 2,000 islands.
Geography of Greece
• Owing to its abundant water resources, the sea became the efficient travel routes.
• Ships could go much faster and carry much more cargo than wagons bumping over the roads.
Kilt is convenien t for me to climb the highland.
Chapter Four
Physical Environment & Culture
What is physical environment ?
• Geography • Climate • City architecture • City design • Room design
and mild climate are fit for the development of agricultural economy.
China
Such mode of production provides people with sufficient food and daily necessities.
Oneness of man with nature.
Western cultures
• They originated from ancient Greek culture, which is closely connected to the sea.
Geography of Greece
Greece occupies: an area of 131,940 sq km Coastline of 13,676 km
Intercultural Communication
Where do they come from?
I’m an Arab.
I’m an Scottish.
Different environments form diffHeorwentcadnreyssoiungtceulltlu?res.
Robe can reflect all lights, therefore I feel cool.
Economic system
Political system
Educational system
Religious system
Desert
Desert
thickly forested mountaห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ns
（Changbai Mountain）
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Chinese culture evolves into a self-reliant system.
Men live in peace and enjoy their work.
China
Farming experience is generally passed down to the next generation from mouth to mouth. So the respect for the elders came into being.
Tropical rain forest
China
Yellow River has been the major birthplace
and base of the ancient Chinese civilization. The natural resources (light, heat, water, soil)
Tradition:
Respect the old & care for the young
China
At that time, people were less powerful than the nature. As a result, group orientation based on family or friend relations came into being.