【关键字】系统Fire alarm systemFire control work shall follow the policy of devoting major efforts into prevention and combining fire prevention with fire fighting, and shall adhere to the principle of combining the efforts of both specialized organizations and the masses and carry out responsibility system on fire prevention and safety. The State Council shall led and the people's governments at all levels be responsible for fire control work. The people's government at all levels shall bring fire control work in line with the national economy and social development plan, and ensure that fire control work fit in with the economic construction and social development. The public security department of the State Council shall monitor and administer the nationwide fire control work; the public security organs of local people's governments above county level shall monitor and administer the fire control work within their administrative region and the fire control institutions of public security organs of the people's government at the same level shall be responsible for the implementation.Along with the our country economic development rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging, proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher, a stricter request. In order to guarantee the people life and property the security, the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design contents. Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience, proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion, by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out mistakes.Automatic fire alarm system is by the trigger devices, fire alarm, fire alarm devices and other auxiliary functions of the device with the composition of the fire alarm system, automatic fire alarm system, automatic or manual fire alarm signal devices generate called trigger parts include fire detectors and manual fire alarm button.Fire detectorFire detectors are sensing automatic fire alarm system parts, is composed of a variety of automatic fire alarm system, key components, automatic fire alarm system is a "sense organ." It on the fire parameters (smoke, temperature, flame radiation, gas concentration, etc.) response, and automatically generate a fire alarm signal, or to the control and indicating equipment status signals sent on-site fire equipment. Fire detector is a key component in the system, his stability, reliability and sensitivity specifications are subject to many factors, so the selection and arrangement of fire detectors should be carried out strictly in accordance with specifications.Classification of fire detectorsCurrently many different types of fire detectors, there are different ways according to different classifications. 1 According to the monitoring of different fire characteristics, fire detectors can be divided into smoke, temperature, light-sensitive, complex and combustible gases such as five types, each type has its work according to different principles are divided into several.Automatic reset fire detectors. Can automatically return to monitoring status.Remote reset fire detectors. Through the remote control back to the surveillance state.Manual reset fire detectors. By manually adjusting back to the surveillance state. can not reset the fire detectors. Fire alarm signal in the production of the conditions no longer exist, the group can be swapped back to the monitor from the alarm state after state, or action can not be restored to the surveillance state.The choice of fire detectorThe choice of fire detector shall meet the following requirements:(1)Early stages of the fire smoldering phase, generate a lot of smoke and a small amount of heat, little or no flame radiation, smoke probe selection;(2) The fire developed rapidly, resulting in a lot of heat, smoke and flame radiation, smoke used probe, temperature probe, the flame sensor or a combination;(3) The fire developed rapidly, with a strong flame radiation and a small amount of smoke, heat, and use flame probe;(4)Complicated or unexpected formation characteristics of fire can be simulated to fit the experimental probe used.Fire alarm controlFire alarm control is the heart of automatic fire alarm system has the following functions:(1) To accept the fire signal and start the fire alarms. The device can also be used to indicate firelocation and recording the information.(2) Start a fire through a fire alarm signal transmitting device, or through the automatic control unit activates the automatic fire extinguishing equipment and fire fighting linkage controller.(3) Automatically monitoring system for correct operation and failure to say anything specific, light alarm.Fire alarm control classificationWide variety of fire alarm controller, according to different methods can be divided into different categories.The control can be divided into:Regional fire alarm control: direct connection of fire detectors, handling all kinds of alarm information.Concentrated fire alarm control: it is generally not connected with the fire detector, which is connected with the regional fire alarm controller, fire alarm control of district-level alarm signal sent, often used in larger systems.Control Center fire alarm control: it is both regional, centralized two or fire alarm feature of the controller, which can be used for the regional level, the connection controller; they can be used for concentration levels used to connect regional fire alarm controller.By structure type can be divided into:Wall of fire alarm control: connect the detector circuit corresponding less, control is simple, many regional police only use this type of controller.Desktop fire alarm control: a few more connections detector circuit, linkage control more complex, centralized alarm often used this way.Box type fire alarm control: multi-loop connection can be realized with sophisticated control linkage.The system wiring is divided into:Multi-wire fire alarm control: detector and controller correspond to the connection method used.B system, fire alarm control: the controller and the detector connected by bus, detectors parallel or series on the bus.Fire alarm control functionsFire alarm: When you receive the detector, manual alarm switch, fire hydrant switch and input module is connected with the equipment issued to the fire signal, the alarm may be in alarm.Failure Alarm: The system time-sharing running control inspection, if an exception (equipment failure) the issue of sound, light alarm signal and displays the fault type and encoding.Fire priority: the failure to deal with fire alarm or, if the fire was reported the fire, and when the fire reportedly cleared automatically after the original failure.The time clock and the memory of the fire: when the system clock to go through the software programming, with a corresponding memory cell, memory, time of the accident.Self-test function: In order to improve the reliability of alarm systems, the controller sets the checking can be regular or irregular inspections of fire-First, design basisThe fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Therefore, first should be clear about the following design basis: 1st, must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must", "be supposed", "to be suitable", "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits", "should not", "not have", "not to be suitable" the meaning.2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard, earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion.Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage.Room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention, therefore should install the fire detector. Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses , but this front room and the lift well are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow, suitably alone divides thesearch coverage and installs the fire detector.The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns, for this, "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation, the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential, and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request, each 2 ~ 3 or each level installs.The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle. when has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the facility. Therefore, the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary, crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift well.2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishmentRoom (Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the button.In the public active place (including hall, dining room, multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters".3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the speaker.Room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention, also the sounds of people are confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker, by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the instruction.4th, fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction.The fire alarm establishment position, the author thought should report to the police the button position w installment ith the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 1.8 meters highly5th, fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, discharges fume engine room, fireprevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty officers observation room, the security manages spot and so on public room.In the fire elevator and the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone, requests the elevatorm achine room and the elevator sedan theater box, the elevator machine room and the fire control room, the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone system. Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator, direction indicating lamp, to speaks correspondence telephone, trouble lamp and so on), in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case controls.Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button, fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone receptacle.Third, fire linkage control1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the malfunction. When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp).2nd, the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the condition.3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function, should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific stipulation.Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer, electric motor, electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable, and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable, its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. Uses Ming Fushi, should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking.Fifth, concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated the design basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the fire to harm, by protects the person and the property safety.防火报警系统消防工作贯彻预防为主、消防结合的方针，坚持专门机关与群众相结合的原则，实行防火安全责任制。
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