Attack !
Urea, high salt , extrame PH ect.
Allowing mutation / 允许突变
The occasional susceptibility of DNA to damage is
important, because it causes changes in DNA base
chromosome. All of the chromosomes are kept
inside the nucleus. cytoplasm
Nucleus
➢Nucleosome / 核小体
✓DNA carries negative charges due to phosphodiester bonds.
possible targets for damage.
alkylation 烷基化
Chapter 9
✓Allowing mutation / 允许突变
Also, the two DNA strands can be separated by other molecules. This can expose the bases to damage.
显花植物
鸟类
哺乳类
爬行类
两栖类
骨鱼类
Eukaryote软s 骨 are鱼c类omplicate ognasims. 这种mRN棘 A叫皮多类顺反子mRNA。
Viruses a甲 re 壳 us类ually produced in very large numbers,
一级结构:昆 核虫 小类 体组成的细纤丝DNA压缩7倍
Ribosome革s 兰 are氏a阳ls性 o l菌 argely composed rRNA.