【中考英语语法大汇总】:代词语法讲解
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中考英语语法全解之代词总结代词一、概说代词是取代名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。
代词依据其用法特色可分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连结代词和关系代词等。
聚焦考点与汉语不一样,在英语中代词使用特别宽泛。
代词的数目有限,但种类和变化却特别众多。
正确的使用代词能够使文章更为简短、生动、富于变化。
代词是英语试题中观察许多的词类之一,考点在以下几个方面:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法比较;人称代词的主格和宾格;不定代词的用法,特别是 some, any,及其所组成的复合不定代词的观察,还有 it 的用法等。
常有的代词分类以下表:分类例词人称代词I , we , you , he , she , it , them物主代词my , your , his , our , their , mine , hers , theirs , ours反身代词myself , yourself , ourselves , itself , themselves指示代词this , that , these , those不定代词all , some , any , much , many , few , little相互代词each other , one another疑问代词who , whom , whose , which , what连结代词who , whom , whose , which , what关系代词who , whom , whose , that , which , as二、人称代词1.人称代词的形式人称代词依据它在句中的功能,有主格与宾语之分:单数复数主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem意思我你他她它我们你们他(她 ,它 )们2.人称代词的用法人称代词在句中能够用作主语(用主格)和宾语(用宾格):He loves her, but she hates him. 他爱她,但她却厌烦他。
中考英语考点精讲:代词的用法及分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。
代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。
一、人称代词人称代词的用法1)人称代词的主格在句子中只能够作主语。
如:She is the best student in her class. 她在她的班级里是最好的学生。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作动词、介词的宾语或表语。
如:Please give that book to me, Ben! 请把那本书给我,本!3)人称代词的语序几个人称代词并列作主语时,它们的顺序是:单数形式(你,他 / 她,我),即:you, he / she and I复数形式(我们,你们,它 / 他 / 她们),即:we, you and they3.对人称代词进行提问时,通常使用who或whom, 有时也使用what (对it进行提问时)。
但要注意,whom是who的宾格形式,也就是说,只有被提问的人称代词在句子中作宾语或表语时, 才可以使用whom来提问,否则不可以。
但通常情况下who可以代替whom来使用。
如:Who often helps you with your English?Whom do you like best?二、物主代词1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:John had cut his finger;apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性(my,your等)和名词性(mine,yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的——’s 属格结构,例如:Jack’s cap 意为 The cap is Jack’s.His cap 意为 The cap is his.2)名词性物主代词的句法功能a. 作主语,例如:May I use your pen?Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗?你的比我的好用。
中考英语语法知识讲解你是哪国人?3.Which的用法which即有名词性质,也有形容词性质,即可指人,也可指物。
在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
Eg: Which is your seat? (作主语)哪个是你的座位?Which is the first book? (作表语)哪个是第一本书?Which do you prefer,apples or pears?(作宾语)你喜欢哪一种,苹果还是梨?Which book do you like? (作定语)你喜欢哪本书?二、连接代词(一)连接代词常用来引导名词性从句。
名词性从句分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。
(二)常见连接代词1.who/whoever “(无论)谁”(主格) 在句中常作主语和表语Eg: Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(主语从句)任何人触犯法律,都应受到惩罚。
2.whom/whoever “(无论)谁”(宾格)在句中作宾语Eg: The boy is whom she is talking about?(表语从句)那个男孩是她正在谈话的人。
3.whose “谁的”(所有格),在句中常作定语。
Eg: I wonder whose pen is this.(宾语从句)我想知道这是谁的钢笔。
4.what/ whatever “(无论)什么”在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
Eg: I don’t know what you mean.(宾语从句)我不知道你什么意思。
5.which “哪个”,在句中可作主、宾、定语。
Eg: Which bus we should take is still a question.(主语从句)我们应该乘坐哪辆公交车仍是个问题。
三、关系代词(一)关系代词常用来引导定语从句。
(二)常见关系代词1.who “谁”可作主语,指代人。
Eg: This is the boy who helped me.(作主语)这就是帮我的那个男孩。
中考英语语法知识讲解一、代词分类及位置(一)代词定义代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分词和句子的词。
代词是一种功能词,它在句子中起指代和修饰(限定)的作用。
如:This is Miss.Wang.这是王老师。
She is a good teacher.她是一名好老师。
(she代替上文的Miss.Wang)(二)分类1.人称代词:I, you, him, we等2.物主代词:my, her, ours等3.反身代词:myself, themselves等4.指示代词:this, these等5.相互代词:each other等6.不定代词:something, nobody等7.疑问代词:who, what, which等8.连接代词:which, that等9.关系代词:when, which等(三)句中位置1.句首作主语:This is a cute boy.这是一个可爱的女孩。
2.动词后作宾语:Please give me a book. 请给我一本书。
3.名词前作定语:This is my watch.这是我的手表。
4.名词前表限定:There are some books there.那有一些书。
5.系动词后做表语:This watch is mine.这个手表是我的。
二、人称代词(二)人称代词的功能1)主格代词常作主语,宾格代词常作动词或介词的宾语。
Eg: I like playing football.( I在句中作主语)我喜欢踢足球。
You can ask me for advice.( me在句中作ask宾语)你可以向我咨询建议。
2)宾格代词有时可代替主格代词在比较级中,在不引起误解的前提下,有时用宾格代词代替主格代词(尤其是其后跟有同位语all时).Eg: He is taller than us all.他比我们都高。
在情景对话中,当省去谓语时Eg: --Who can drive a bus? -- Me.-- 谁会开公交车?-- 我。
中考代词知识点总结一、人称代词人称代词用来表示说话人、听话人和与说话人或听话人有关的人或事物。
在中考英语考试中,人称代词的使用是非常常见的。
1. 主格形式:I, you, he, she, it, we, they。
例如:I am a student.You are my friend.He is a teacher.She is my sister.It is a cat.We are in the same class.They are good students.2. 宾格形式:me, you, him, her, it, us, them。
例如:He likes me.I see you.We help him.She loves her.It follows it.They call us.I miss them.3. 形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, its, our, their。
例如:This is my book.Is this your dog?That is his bike.Her name is Lily.Its color is yellow.Our teacher is strict.Their parents are doctors.4. 名词性物主代词:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。
例如:This book is mine.Is this dog yours?The bike is his.The cat is hers.The house is ours.The toys are theirs.5. 反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves。
例如:I see myself in the mirror.You should do it yourself.He hurt himself.She enjoys herself.It cleans itself.We find ourselves lost.They talk to themselves.二、指示代词指示代词用来指示人或物,常见的指示代词有this, that, these, those等。
中考英语语法--代词一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。
代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。
综观历年中考情况,在这九类代词中,不定代词一直是中考英语的重点。
二、人称代词,物主代词,反身代词用法概述这三种代词的形式变化表如下:三、人称代词的用法1) 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。
如:I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student.Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.The boys are students, and they are in the room.The dog is small. It is Tom's.2)人称代词的句法功能人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语和表语。
如: She is a teacher.(主语) She and I are good friends(主语).Are you sure it was they(表语)?宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。
如:I bought a book for them. (作介词宾语)=I bought them a book. (动词宾语)☆注意:a.在口语中,人称代词的主格形式作表语时,常常可以用宾格替换。
如:It can't be he/him. ——Is this Mr. Green? ——Yes, this is he/him.b. 在口语中,当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。
如:He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。
She is as tall as me(I am).c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它充当的是主语也是如此。
中考英语语法知识讲解一、物主代词(一)含义:物主代词就是人称代词的属格,表示“所有”。
因此,物主代词和人称代词是相对应的。
Eg: I always do my homework after dinner.我总是晚饭后做我的作业。
如同名词所有格和of属格一样,物主代词也有形容词性和名词性物主代词之分。
Eg: This is my book.(my为形容词性物主代词)这是我的书。
This book is mine.(mine为名词性物主代词)这本书时我的。
Eg: This is my friend.= This friend is mine.这是我的朋友名词性物主代词mine= 形容词性物主代词my + 名词friend.(三)形容词性物主代词的功能和用法形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质,相当于所有格+名词1)形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语Eg: Bob sends his photo to me.鲍勃把他的照片寄给我。
(其中his作定语修饰photo)2) 形容词性物主代词与own连用,表强调Eg: He always reads his own books.他总是读他自己的书。
3) 形容词性物主代词有时由定冠词代替。
Eg: A bee stung her on the nose. (the代替her)蜜蜂叮了她的鼻子。
(四)名词性物主代词的功能和用法名词性物主代词具有名词性质,能担任名词的各种功能,同时也能担任名词of属格的功能1)名词性物主代词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语和介词短语。
Eg: Ours is a new and strong country. (主语)我们的国家是一个新的且强壮的国家。
This house is hers. (表语)这个房子是她的。
My bike is broken, may I use yours. (宾语)我的自行车坏了,我可以用你的吗?My grandma lives upstaris,above ours. (作介词短语)我的奶奶住在我们的楼上。
代词部分
第一节 知识点概述
1. 2.
人称代词主格单数he, she 和it 的复数,都是they ,宾格形式也相同,为them 。
3. 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he (him ),阴性she (her )和中性it (it ),复数只有一个形式they (them ),不分性别。
4. 选用什么人称代词,取决于所要代替的名词。
在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。
二、物主代词
物主代词是用来表示所有关系的,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语,相当于形容词;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,相当于名词,可以作主语、表语或宾语。
【中考英语语法大汇总】:代词语法讲解(一)代词概述
代词用来代替名词,在句中充当主语、宾语和表语,有时还可以充当定语。
代词在考试命题中主要是代词格的变化、代词单复数形式以及不定代词和it的用法等。
(二)基本知识梳理
1.人称代词:主格作主语,宾格用作及物动词和介词的宾语。
He often helps me.
Who is at the door? It's me.
The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.
出现并列主语或宾语时,其排列顺序为:单数时是第二、第三、第一人称(简称231)即you,he and I或you,her and me;复数时是第一、第二、第三人称(简称123)即we,you and they或us,you and them。
2.物主代词:形容词性物主代词作定语,后加名词;而名词性物主代词等于形容词性物主代词加名词。
如:This is my book.=This book is mine.
名词性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。
如:
Your pen is blue.Mine is blue,too.
May I use your pen?I've lost mine.
She is a classmate of his.
The bike is hers.
3.反身代词:用作宾语和起强调作用。
1)作宾语
Help yourself to some cakes.
I can look at myself in the mirror.
They should think more of the public health than themselves.
2)作强调
We do homework by ourselves.
I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.
4.指示代词
1)this,that,these,those
What's this(that)?It's a book.
What are these(those)?They are books.
this和these比较靠近,that和those稍远一点。
2)it的用法
(1)指物:It's a robot.
(2)指自然现象:It's raining now,but it will be fine soon.(3)指时间:What time is it?It's 8 o'clock.
(4)指距离:It's twenty minutes' walk.
(5)作形式主语:It's important for us to fight pollution.
It took me half an hour to finish the work.
It's kind of you to say so.
(6)作形式宾语:We think it necessary to relax from time to time.5.不定代词
1)some,any
some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中。
如:
There are some pens on the desk.
There aren't any pens on the desk.
Are there any pens on the desk?
Some are Chinese.Others are English.
在表示请求、建议、反问等句子中,用some而不是用any。
如:
Would you like some drink?
any也可以表示任何一个。
如:
Do you know any of her friends?
If you have any questions,you can ask me.
2)复合不定代词:something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,no one,everyone,somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere这些不定代词都作单数,表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。
(1)作主语:
Someone is waiting for you.
No one is in the classroom.
(2)作宾语:
Have you got anything to say?
Did you see anything else in the classroom?
(3)不定代词被形容词修饰时,定语放在它们的后面。
如:
I’ve got something interesting to tell you.
There's nothing new in the newspaper.
3)a few,few,a little,little前两者修饰可数名词,后两者修饰不可数名词。
few,little 表示否定,意思是几乎没有;a few,a little表示肯定,意思是还有几个、有一点。
如:
There is still a little time left,you needn't hurry.
I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.
4)both(两者都,复数),all(三者以上都,复数),neither(两者都不,单数),none(三者以上都不,单复数),either(两者中的一个,单数),both...and,neither...nor,either...or
(1)作主语:
Both of the twins are doctors.
All of them are honest.
Neither of them is a doctor.
None of them is/are honest.
(2)词组:
Both Li Ping and I are students.
Neither Li Ping nor I am a student.
(3)作形容词:
on both sides of the river
on either side of the river
注意下面句子转化:
Both of them are teachers.
改成否定句是:Neither of them is a teacher.
All of us are students.
改成否定句是:None of us is a student.或:None of us are students.
5)one ...the other(s)表示一个……其余的……,是有范围的;some...others 表示一些……另一些……,是无范围的;another 表示很多中的另一个,再……个。
如:
He has two brothers.One is an engineer,the other is a writer.
Some like football.Others like basketball.
Some books on the shelf are in Chinese,the others in English.
She will be in hospital for another two weeks.(她将在医院再住两星期。
)。