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字建造DIGITAL CONSTRUCTION基于BIM的全过程数字化建造技术陈渊鸿u2 房霆宸u赵一鸣1.上海建工集团股份有限公司上海 200080;2.上海超高层建筑智能建造工程技术研究中心上海 200080摘要：以建筑全过程数字化建造关键技术为指导，结合建筑信息模型（BIM)技术，提出了一种建造全过程数字化建造 模式。
通过BIM模型实现了全过程建造信息高效传递，达到了建造全过程信息有效协同整合，大幅提升了建造效率，为数字建造技术应用的发展提供了借鉴。
关键词：建筑信息模型；全过程数字化；数字化加工；信息化管理中图分类号：TU74 文献标志码：A文章编号：1〇04-1001(2021)〇3-〇521-04 D O I：10.14144/ki.jzsg.2021.03.055 Whole Process Digital Construction Technology Based on BIMC H E N Yuanhong1,2FAN G T in g c h e n Z H A O Yim ing1,21. Shanghai Construction Group Cov Ltd.,Shanghai 200080, China;2. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Super Highrise Building Intelligent Construction,Shanghai 200080, China Abstract:Guided by the key technology of the whole process digital building,combined w ith the building information modeling (BIM)technology,a whole process digital building mode is proposed.The BIM model realizes the efficient transmission of the whole process construction information,achieves the effective collaborative integration of the whole process construction information,which improves the construction efficiency greatly,and provides reference for the development of digital construction technology application.Keywords:building information modeling;whole process digitization;digital processing;informatization management在新一轮技术变革过程中，信息化技术正逐步渗透到社会生活的方方面面，物联网、移动通信、云计算、大 数据分析等技术极大提升了数据收集、处理、使用的效率，对人们的生产生活方式产生了巨大影响。
建筑技术开发Building Technology Development第46卷第17期建筑设计2019年9 月Architectural Design数字化技术在现代建筑设计中的应用思考王微(吉林省林业勘察设计研究院，长春 130000)［摘要］在21世纪这个科技高速发展的时代，信息技术等得到了非常广泛的应用，这深刻地影响了社会的发展和人们的生 活、生产、教育。
其中，数字化技术作为一种新型的高科技技术逐渐渗透进入我们社会的各行各业。
在我国近些年得到高速发 展的建筑行业中，数字化技术的应用在很大程度上突破了传统的设计模式，建筑设计师的设计也从传统飽手稿逐渐转变为以数 字化技术为支撑的“计算机”建筑设计，在这个过程中，数字化技术的应用提高了建筑师设计的质量和设计的精确度、效果等， 此外，还可满足人民对于住房质量和设计的需要。
可以说，数字化技术在现代建筑设计中的应用将我国建筑行业的发展带上了 新的一个台阶。
［关键词］数字化技术；现代建筑；设计应用［中图分类号］TO 201.4 ［文献标志码］A ［文章编号］1001-523X (2019) 17-0026-02Thoughts on Application of Digital Technology inModern Architectural DesignWang Wei［Abstract ］ In the era of rapid development of science and technology in the 21st century, information technology has been widely used, which has profoundly affected the development of society and people's life, production and education. Among them, digital technology as a new type of high-tech technology gradually penetrated into all walks of life in our society. In the construction industry in China, which has been developing at a high speed in recent years, the application of digital technology has largely broken through the traditional design pattern. The design of architects has gradually changed from traditional manuscripts to "computers supported by digital technology." Architectural design, in this process, the application of digital technology has improved the quality of the architect's design and the accuracy and effect of the design. In addition, it can also meet the people's needs for housing quality and design. It can be said that the application of digital technology in modem architectural design has brought the development of China's construction industry to a new level.［Keywords ］ digital technology ； modem architecture ； design application数字化就是计算机将所有的信息都转化成为相对应的数 字信号，从而存入计算机中，由计算机进行技术处理后通过网 络输送信息。
ISSN 100020054CN 1122223 N 清华大学学报(自然科学版)J T singhua U niv (Sci &Tech ),2008年第48卷第6期2008,V o l .48,N o .6w 8h ttp : qhxbw .ch inaj ou rnal.net .cn 基于IFC 标准和建筑设备集成的智能物业管理系统张建平1, 郭 杰1, 王盛卫2, 徐正元2(1.清华大学土木工程系,北京100084;2.香港理工大学屋宇设备工程学系,香港)收稿日期:2007211201基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(50478015);清华大学-香港理工大学建设工程信息技术研究中心基金资助项目作者简介:张建平(1953—),女(汉),湖北,教授。
E 2m ail :zhangj p @tsinghua .edu .cn摘 要:为实现现代建筑中众多楼宇自动化设备的集成和智能化物业管理,开发了一种智能物业管理系统。
该系统综合应用了建筑业国际工业标准(indu stry foundati on classes ,IFC )、信息模型、中间件、W eb Service 、系统集成等技术,建立基于IFC 标准的建筑物业信息模型和IFC 数据交换接口,实现了建筑物业管理阶段与设计阶段、施工阶段的信息交换和共享。
基于中间件技术,建立了楼宇自动化系统集成平台,对建筑设备进行监控和集成管理,并与常规物业管理相结合,实现了具有集成性、交互性和动态性的智能化物业管理。
关键词:物业管理;建筑物业信息模型;IFC 标准;建筑设备集成中图分类号:TU 8;T P 319文献标识码:A文章编号:100020054(2008)0620940203I n tell igen t fac il ities managem en t system ba sed on IFC standard and bu ild i ngequip m en t i n tegra tionZHANG J ia np ing 1,GUO J ie 1,W ANG S he ngw e i 2,XU Zhe ngyua n 2(1.D epart men t of C iv il Engi neer i ng ,Tsi nghua Un iversity ,Be ij i ng 100084,Ch i na ;2.D epart men t of Buildi ng Service Eng i neer i ng ,The Hong KongPolytechn ic Un iversity ,Hong Kong SAR ,Chi na )Abstract :A n intelligent facilities m anagem ent system w as developed to integrate m anifo ld building autom ati on equi pm ents and intelligently m anage facilities in modern buildings .T he system uses the industry foundati on classes (IFC )standard,info rm ati on models,m iddle w ares,w eb services,and system integrating techno logies,to establish a building facilities info r m ati on model and IFC data exchange interfaces fo r data sharing and exchanging betw een the facilities m anagem ent and phases of building design and constructi on .A p latfo r m w as established based on a m iddle w are to monito r and m anage building equi pm ents .T he system ,com bined w ith the common facilities m anagem ent,successfully i m p lem ents the intelligent facilities m anagem ent w ith integrating,alternating and dynam ic characteristics .Key words :facilities m anagem ents;building facilities info rm ati onmodels;industry foundati on classes (IFC );building equi pm ent integrati on建筑的智能物业管理应该综合应用信息技术、网络技术和自动化技术,将楼宇自动化系统与物业管理系统集成一体,实现具有集成性、交互性、动态性的智能化物业管理模式[1]。
8Application of innovation创新应用｜建筑及居住区数字化因为物联网产业的整体发展，物联网技术逐渐渗透到建筑、医疗、交通和家居等众多领域，随着物联网技术的不断发展与技术的革新进步，物联网与建筑的结合愈发紧密，智能建筑应运而生并快速发展，成为了建筑行业的重要组成部分。
数字化、信息化、系统化、网络化与建筑的相结合，使得建筑的运营更智能、更开放、更便捷、更灵活，智能建筑的普及与发展也直接促使建筑本身作为一个个固定的城市数据收集点推动整体智慧城市的建设与发展。
智能建筑成为智慧城市固定数据点建筑作为城市居民的主要生活和工作场景，每天产生巨大的、稳定的、固定的数据。
智能建筑对于楼宇自动化系统(BAS)、办公自动化系统(OAS)和通信自动化系统(CAS)三大系统的应用，在提高建筑运行效率的同时，也成为大数据收集的重要渠道。
智慧城市建设的核心部分就是数据的分析与应用，根据《中国智能建筑行业发展报告（2013-2018）》显示，我国每年约新建智能建筑4000亿平方米。
随着智能建筑的不断普及，智能建筑作为智慧城市的固定数据收集节点，发挥着稳定的、细致的的作用，可以充分反映城市居民的工作和生活情况，为决策提供数据支撑。
未来的发展横贯三大产业，发展强劲。
根据国家统计局发布的2018年一季度国内生产总值（GDP）初步核算结果显示，建筑业同期增长5.4%，房地产业同期增长4.9%，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业同期增长29.2%。
智能建筑产业作为横贯建筑业、房地产产业和信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业三大行业的产业，无疑具有强大的市场前景和发展前途。
并且据前瞻产业研究院发布的《智慧城市建设发展前景与投资预测分析报告》预计，2016-2020年，我国建筑智能化市场规模继续保持30%左右的增长，到2020年或可达6400亿元。
绿色发展成为重中之重。
住房和城乡建设部发布的《建筑节能与绿色建筑发展“十三五”规划》提出要建设节能低碳、绿色生态、集约高效的建筑用能体系，推动住房城乡建设领域供给侧结构性改革。
李鑫PKPM-BIM 集成平台应用体系数字建造事业部---定位和发展战略面向设计院、施工企业、生产企业（PC 和钢结构）、EPC 总承包企业、项目管理和咨询企业、住建相关管理部门等，提供软件和系统。
（先卖软件和产品，生存，同时发展客户，形成用户群）面向大型企业集团，面向省市级相关政府部门，打造集团级、省市级行业解决方案和数字建造平台，促进方案内PKPM 全产品应用。
（比如湖南省装配式建筑全产业链智能建造平台、中国二十二冶集团级数字建造平台等）在软件、平台和解决方案占有大量用户群的基础上，打造PKPM 数字建造生态环境，形成行业应用和服务生态圈，并展开建筑行业大数据应用和服务。
（目前广联达的数字建造战略）1、软件和系统2、方案和平台3、数据和服务近期目标中期目标远期目标数字建造解决方案EPC项目PC构件厂钢结构构件厂设计院业主BIM+信息化+物联网+智慧工地EPC总承包项目协同管理平台PC构件厂智慧生产管理系统钢结构项目全生命周期数字建造平台设计院综合管理系统工程项目全流程数字建造管控平台数字建造事业部---当前业务内容数字建造事业部，提供基于“信息化”+“BIM”+“协同”+“物联网”+“大数据”+“区块链”等技术的建设行业全产业链整体解决方案，拥有设计管理系统、智慧生产系统（PC和钢结构）、钢结构项目全生命周期管理平台、施工项目管理、EPC项目协同管控、智慧工地以及政府监管等系列产品和解决方案。
智慧建造（信息化）产品链行业定位国家十三五“绿色建筑及建筑工业化”重点计划项目：基于BIM的预制装配建筑体系应用技术（2016YFC0702000）牵头单位：中国建筑科学研究院完成自主知识产权的预制装配式建筑体系BIM平台及应用软件解决预制装配式建筑设计、生产、运输和施工各环节中协同工作的关键问题建立完整的基于BIM的预制装配建筑全流程集成应用体系PKPM-BIM装配式设计PKPM装配式智慧工厂管理平台数据一体化设计生产数据一体化设计、生产数据一体化，PKPM-BIM设计数据直接传递生产数据，生产管理系统直接接收设计数据。
建筑信息技术（AIT）与数字化建筑管理摘要：建筑行业一直以来都在寻求更高效、更可持续的方法来设计、建造和管理建筑物。
随着科技的迅速发展，建筑信息技术（AIT）和数字化建筑管理系统（BIM）已经成为这一领域中的关键工具。
本文将探讨AIT和BIM如何影响建筑行业，提高建筑项目的效率、质量和可持续性。
关键词：建筑信息技术；AIT；数字化；建筑管理0引言建筑行业是全球最大的经济活动之一，同时也是资源消耗最多、环境影响最显著的行业之一。
因此，提高建筑项目的效率、降低资源消耗、减少环境影响至关重要。
AIT和BIM的引入为实现这些目标提供了一个巨大的机会。
1建筑信息技术（AIT）建筑信息技术（AIT）是一项综合性的技术，它包括了广泛的软件、硬件和通信技术，旨在改善建筑项目的各个阶段。
这些阶段包括设计、施工、设备运营和维护。
具体而言，AIT利用计算机辅助设计（CAD）、计算机辅助工程（CAE）、建筑信息建模（BIM）、无线传感技术和云计算等工具，将各种数据和信息整合到一个数字化平台上。
这使得各方能够实时访问、分享和分析数据，从而更好地协作[1]。
例如，在设计阶段，AIT可以用于创建精确的三维建模，而在施工管理中，它可以用于监测进度和资源分配。
1.1提高决策准确性AIT的应用不仅仅是为了数字化建筑项目，还可以显著提高建筑行业的决策准确性。
通过实时数据的可用性，建筑团队能够更好地了解项目的状态和潜在的问题。
这有助于及早发现并纠正错误，从而减少了设计和施工过程中的成本和时间浪费。
在项目的不同阶段，AIT还可以进行模拟和预测，以优化资源分配和项目进度，确保项目按计划进行。
这种准确的决策制定对于建筑项目的成功至关重要，特别是对于大型和复杂的工程。
1.2协作与信息共享AIT的一个重要优势是促进了各利益相关方之间的更好协作和信息共享。
建筑项目涉及多个参与者，包括建筑师、工程师、施工人员、业主和设备运营商。
通过使用共享的数字平台，这些各方可以实时访问和更新项目数据，确保每个人都有相同的信息基础。
建筑与数字化建筑设计工具数字化技术的发展对各行各业都产生了巨大的影响，建筑行业也不例外。
数字化建筑设计工具的出现，为建筑设计和建造过程提供了更高效、更精确的工具。
本文将探讨建筑与数字化建筑设计工具的关系以及数字化工具在建筑设计中的应用。
一、建筑与数字化建筑设计工具的关系建筑作为一门艺术和科学的结合，对设计师和工程师的要求都非常高。
传统的建筑设计和建造过程，通常需要依赖手工绘图和模型制作，设计周期长，且存在一定的误差。
而随着计算机技术的不断发展，数字化建筑设计工具应运而生。
数字化建筑设计工具是指基于计算机技术开发的一系列软件和硬件工具，可以协助设计师完成各个设计阶段的工作，如设计概念的生成、建筑结构的优化、施工图的制作等。
它们能够提供更多的信息和数据支持，帮助设计师在设计过程中做出更准确的判断和决策。
二、数字化工具在建筑设计中的应用1. 概念设计阶段数字化建筑设计工具在概念设计阶段的应用主要体现在以下几个方面：- 三维建模：通过建模软件，设计师可以将设计概念以三维形式呈现，并进行可视化演示，更好地展示设计意图。
- 可视化效果：利用渲染技术，将建筑设计呈现为逼真的图像和动画，帮助设计团队和客户更好地理解设计概念。
- 参数化设计：通过参数化建模软件，设计师可以灵活地调整设计参数，实现多种设计方案的比较和分析，为决策提供依据。
2. 结构设计阶段数字化建筑设计工具在结构设计阶段起到了至关重要的作用：- 结构分析：利用结构分析软件，工程师可以对建筑结构进行受力分析，评估结构的稳定性和安全性。
- 优化设计：通过参数化设计软件和优化算法，工程师可以对结构进行优化，实现材料的最佳利用和结构性能的最优化。
- 信息共享：数字化工具还可以提供结构设计的信息共享平台，方便设计团队之间的沟通和协作。
3. 施工图设计阶段数字化建筑设计工具在施工图设计阶段的应用主要体现在以下几个方面：- 自动标注：通过标注软件，可以自动为施工图上的各个元素添加标注和尺寸，并生成专业的施工图纸。
Image: Dictionary_ CAD Computer-aided design (CAD ) is the use of a wide range of computer-based tools that assist engineers, architects and other design professionals in their design activities. It is the main geometry authoring tool within the Product Lifecycl Management process and involves both software and sometimes special-purpose hardware. Current packages range from 2D vector based drafting systems to 3D solid and surface modellers._ CAMComputer-aided manufacturing (CAM ) is the use of a wide range of computer-based software tools that assist engineers and CNC machinists in the manufacture or prototyping of product components._CNC The abbreviation CNC stands for computer numerical control , and refers specifically to a computer "controller" that reads G-code instructions and drives a machine tool, a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate components by the selective removal of material. CNC does numerically directed interpolation of a cutting tool in the work envelope of a machine. The operating parameters of the CNC can be altered via software load program.... _G-CODE G-Code , or preparatory code or function, are functions in the Numerical control programming language used to drive CNC machines . The G-codes are the codes that position the tool and do the actual work. The programming language for numerical control is often informally referred to as g-code, but in reality g-codes are only a part of what makes up the language.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------_SUBTRACTIVE FABRICATIONSubtractive Fabrication is the term given to any fabrication process where material is taken away or reduced from a solid in order to reveal a new shape. Thissubtraction can take place using any combination tooling techniques such as drills, lathes, and grinders, and more recently lasers and high-pressure water. Contrastwith Solid freeform fabrication .DIGITAL FABRICATION_ Introductory Course Faculty………………………….…… Marta Malé-Alemany, mma@ Teaching Assistants………….. Francisca Aroso, franciscaaroso@ Shane Salisbury, salisbury.shane@ KEY TERMS_ LASER CUTTINGLaser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is usually usedin industrial manufacturing. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a high power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. The material then either melts,burns or vaporizes away leaving an edge with a high quality surface finish. Industrial laser cutters are used to cut flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping materials. Some 6-axis lasers can perform cutting operations on parts that have been pre-formed by casting or machining._WATER JET CUTTINGA water jet cutter is a tool capable of slicing into metal or other materials using a jet of water at high velocity and pressure, or a mixture of water and an abrasive substance. The process is essentially the same as water erosion found in nature but accelerated and concentrated by orders of magnitude. It is often used during fabrication or manufacture of parts for machinery and other devices. It has found applications in a diverse number of industries from mining to aerospace where it is used for operations such as cutting, shaping, carving, and reaming_ MILLING MACHINEA milling machine is a machine tool used for the complex shaping of metal and other solid materials. Its basic form is that of a rotating cutter or endmill which rotates about the spindle axis (similar to a drill), and a movable table to which the workpiece is affixed. That is to say, the cutting tool generally remains stationary (except for its rotation) while the workpiece moves to accomplish the cutting action. Milling machines may be operated manually or under computer numerical control.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _RAPID PROTOTYPINGRapid prototyping is the automatic construction of physical objects using solid freeform fabrication. The first techniques for rapid prototyping became availablein the late 1980s and were used to produce models and prototype parts. Today,they are used for a much wider range of applications and are even used to manufacture production quality parts in relatively small numbers. Some sculptors use the technology to produce complex shapes for fine arts exhibitions._SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATIONSolid freeform fabrication (SFF) is a technique for manufacturing solid objects by the sequential delivery of energy and/or material to specified points in space toproduce that solid. SFF is sometimes referred to as rapid prototyping, rapidmanufacturing, layered manufacturing and additive fabrication._3D PRINTINGThree-dimensional printing is a method of converting a virtual 3D model into aphysical object. 3D printing is a category of rapid prototyping technology. 3D printers typically work by 'printing' successive layers on top of the previous to buildup a three dimensional object. 3D printers are generally faster, more affordable and easier to use than other additive fabrication technologies._FUSED DEPOSITION MODELINGFused deposition modeling (FDM), like most other RP processes (such as 3D Printing and stereolithography) works on an "additive" principle by laying down material in layers. A plastic filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies material to an extrusion nozzle which can turn on and off the flow. The nozzle is heated to melt the material and can be moved in both horizontal and vertical directions by a numerically controlled mechanism, directly controlled by a Computer Aided Design software package. In a similar manner to stereolithography, the model is built up from layers as the material hardens immediately after extrusion from the nozzle._SELECTIVE LASER SINTERINGSelective laser sintering is an additive rapid manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal, or ceramic powders into a mass representing a desired 3-dimensional object. The laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital description of the part (for example from a CAD file or scan data) on the surface of a powder bed. After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed._STEREOLITHOGRAPHYStereolithography is an additive fabrication process utilizing a vat of liquid UV-curable photopolymer "resin" and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time. On each layer, the laser beam traces a part cross-section pattern on the surface of the liquid resin. Exposure to the UV laser light cures, or, solidifies the pattern traced on the resin and adheres it to the layer below.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------_FORMATIVE FABRICATIONFormative Fabrication is the term given to any fabrication process where materialis altered, reshaped, or deformed due to external forces such as mechanical pressure, molds, heat, or any combination. The technique is often used with metalsand plastics._CNC BENDINGCNC Bending describes the formative fabrication process where material is reshaped by numerically controlled presses or rollers. In most cases, the external forces such as rollers slowly apply pressure untill the material stretches past its elastic limit, and takes on the desired form. This process is commonly used to deform pipes and tubes to meet design and/or structural needs._CNC PUNCHINGCNC Punching uses a punch press, which is a type of machine press used for forming and cutting material. It can range from small presses holding one simple Die set, to be very large, CNC operated, and hold a much larger and complex die set._CNC SHEET METAL BENDINGCNC Sheet Metal Bending is describes a wide variety of processes used to deform thin sheets of metal. This can be done with pressure from a press brake, stamps, or wheels, and additionally by passing the metal through consecutive sets of rolls, or stands, each performing only an incremental part of the bend, until the desired cross-section profile is obtained.。
