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成人本科学位英语串讲讲义（二）成人本科学位英语串讲讲义（二）三、虚拟语气赵文通考试重点：1. 条件句中的虚拟语气例１：I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. would know例２：If a better material ______, the strength of the part would have been increased.A. had been usedB. had been usingC. being usedD. using条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：如果条件句中有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。
例3：_____ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A. If he tookB. if he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用三级考试中经常出现的三个句型：But for/without…，…………, otherwise/or………, but/though….例４：But for your help, I _____ the work in time.A. did not finishB. could not finishA. will not finish D. would not have finished例５：Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be例６：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_____ to the meeting.A. would have comeB. would comeC. could comeD. had come例７：We would have made a lot of money, but we halfwayA. gave upB. had given upC.would give upD. were to give up错综时间条件句例８：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如: 例１：I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如:例２：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/等后的主语从句中例３：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, reques t等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:例４：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气4. if only 引导的感叹句中5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式7. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式四、非谓语动词1. 不定式不定式的逻辑主语例１：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by.例２：It is important for you to work hard.例３：It is kind of you to help me.不定式的时态和语态例４：The magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago.A. to be builtB. to have been builtC. to have builtD. to have being built使用不带to的不定式1)why not do表示委婉的建议例１：Why not_____Professor Li for help? He is kind-hearted and willing to help.A. askB. you askC. to askD. your asking2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。
学位英语考试复习之时态语态一般现在时◆形式：do/does被动：am/is/are done◆意义：一、惯常二、客观真理三、奇葩用法——时刻表+主将从现•一、惯常I go to work at seven.Dad takes a walk after dinner every day.•二、客观真理Sound travels faster than light.The earth goes around the sun.三、一般现在时的两朵奇葩◆1. 时刻表Our class begins at 6:30.NO.2 bus sets off at 6:00.◆2. 主将从现•时间状语从句引导词：when, before, untilimmediately/directly/instantly as soon as/the moment/the minute/the instant •条件状语从句引导词：if/unless一…就…真题回放（2012年5月-40）You see the lightning ________ itA happens, but you hear the thunder later.A. the instantB. for an instantC. on the instantD. in an instant（2012年11月-41）He will write to me as soon as Bhe___ home.A.will have returnedB. returnsC. returnedD. will return（2011年11月-16）Mr. Smith is coming to visit us soon. We'd better get everything ready before Ahe______.A. arrivesB. arriveC. will arriveD. arrivedA（2009年11月-31）If it ___ tomorrow, we will stay indoors to have our picnic.A. rainsB. rainC. will rainD. rained（2011年5月-43）He will come to call on youBthe moment he ______his work.A. will finishB. finishesC. finishedD. to finish（2011年11月-42）I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice __________ I picked up the phone.AA. the momentB. sinceC. beforeD. whilewhile后的动词必须是延续性动词一般过去时◆形式：was/weredid被动：was/were done◆意义：过去发生且完成When I was in primary school,I walked my dog everyday after dinner.Mr. Hu was once our president, but now he is retired.•一般过去时考点：…ago:…之前five years agotwo days agoI watched the movie three hours ago.真题回放died •（2009年11月-55）Joe’s father has died ten years ago, so he has lived with his mother since then.（2009年11月-33）Lord Jim ____ a private schoolDfive years ago with the money he earned through had work.A. findsB. foundC. foundsD. founded发现find-found-found建立found-founded-founded一般将来时◆形式：will doam/is/ are going to dowill be done am/is/are to doam/is/are about to do◆意义：站在现在看未来I will marry you when we both grow up.am/is/are going to do 主观打算好I am going to be a manager after graduation.•am/is /are to do 按客观安排必须去…【例】All the Koreansare to serve in the armyat a particular age.Hurry up! The train is about to leave.be about to do迫在眉睫不与时间词连用练一练•His new book _________ next month. (publish)will be published过去将来时◆形式：would do◆意义：站在过去看未来常用于曾经打算/曾经允诺, 例：My parents planed that they would send me abroad.My mother promised me that she would buy me a bike.现在进行时◆形式：am/is/are doing被动：am/is/are being done◆意义：此时此刻正在进行。
The Green BananaBy Donald Batchelder➢para. 1—4 chance encounter with the green banana used as glue and the rock marking the center of the world➢Para. 5—8 reflection on the implication of the green banana and the center of the worldAlthough it might have happened…➢情态动词(might, must, etc) + have done表示推测可能性➢他房间里的灯亮着，他可能在家。
➢He must/might have been at home as the light in his room is on.➢情态动词(should, ought to) + have done表示应该做但实际上没有做。
➢你应该告诉我实情。
这样，我也就不会在她面前出洋相了。
➢You should have told me the truth. If so, I wouldn’t have m ade a fool of myself before her.my encounter with the green banana✶n. sudden or unexpected meeting 突然或意外的相遇✶v. meet unexpectedly邂逅; meet or find oneself faced by (sth./sb. unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc)遇到或发现自己面临✶今天上午逛街时遇到一个多年不见的同学，令我兴奋不已。
✶It was exciting for me to encounter one of my classmates I haven’t seen for years when I was window shopping this morning.on a steep mountain roadsteep：(of a slope, stairs, etc) rising or falling sharply, not gradually; precipitous 陡的；陡峭的；陡直的in the interior of Brazilinterior--exteriorinternal 内在的--external 外在的(国家)内政internal affairs➢n. the part of a country that is farthest away from the coast内地；腹地➢adj. [only before noun仅用于名词前] inside or indoors 内部的；里面的；室内的➢西藏是中国的一个内陆省份。
学位英语考前串讲●近三年的命题规律●命题趋势预测●精华考点梳理●高分技能提示●Questions近三年统考命题规律* 不超纲、守样题、题型稳* 命题难度因年而异* 命题材料的时效性---阅读、完形填空* 作文命题的贴切性：紧扣成教特点,让考生有话可说,有话要说。
* 最常用的语法考点、最明显的词义辨析、最容易忽视的短语词组命题趋势预测* 总体而言,试题难度有所加大* 阅读材料会增加长度和难度,拉开分数层次* 作文依然采用命题提纲作文的方式,命题由个人的小问题逐渐转向社会热门大问题* 语法项目不会太难,同义词、近义词和常用词组的命题比例会加重* 少出常见的会话句型,多出新的会话类型精华考点梳理* 会话常考语境及有用句型1.常考的交际话题有：介绍自己、同学、朋友等,并对他人的介绍做出回应；问路、购物、打电话、就医、求职、提出请求、表达个人好恶与偏爱、谈论天气等。
2.上下文语境关系、约定俗成的口语习惯用法、中文口语表达的干扰（即汉语式的英语口语）等历来都是会话测试的命题重点所在。
会话常考句型* Introduction（介绍）1.John,may I introduce Mary to you？2.I’d li ke you to meet Mary.3 .Have you met each other before？4.Can I have your business card?5.Sorry, I didn't catch your name会话常考句型* Apologies（道歉）Excuse me.／I beg your pardon.／Forgive me.I’m really sorry for not keeping my promiseWill you ever forgive me？It’s all my fault.I didn't mean itIt’s stupid of me to think／do that会话常考句型* Invitations（邀请）I wonder if you two would like to come to…？Would you be free to a concert(音乐会) on Sunday?Why don’t you come on a holiday with us？We should be delighted(使…高兴) if you could…会话常考句型* Asking for Permission（请求许可）Do you mind my doing…？Would you mind my doing…？Would it be possible for me to put off the work till a later day?I wonder if I could turn the CD player on.会话常考句型* Making Telephone Calls（打电话）Is Roger there?Yes,speaking, please.I’m afraid you’ve got the wrong number.Hold the line,please.He's not available now. Can I take a message?May I leave a message？Of course. Hold on for just a second so I can会话常考句型* Having Meals（用餐）Are you ready to order now?What would you like to drink,tea or coffee？I prefer to drink coffee without sugar.Make yourself at home.We will go Dutch.我们AA制。
第八章-英译汉（一）英译汉要求考生把一般难度、非专业性题材的英文句子或短文译成汉语，译文通顺，用词基本正确，无重大语法错误。
在试卷结构方面，是一篇长度为120个单词左右的短文，要求翻译全文；或者是一个较长的段落，要求翻译其中带有下划线的5个句子。
满分15分，考试时间为25分钟。
重点考查的翻译技巧主要包括：定语从句的翻译、被动语态的翻译、长句的翻译等。
涉及考生的翻译能力，还涉及考生词汇、语法、句型等方面综合运用语言的能力。
解题思路1.通读一遍文章，了解大概内容，确定内容和体裁，以便知道翻译语言是选择比较正式的还是比较随意的。
2.再次阅读，弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义，还要理解全句的整体意义。
（确定代词指代的内容、确定多义词或短语在文中的含义、确定翻译部分是否与全文内容一致。
）3.翻译完成后，要对译文进行检查。
这是做完之后弥补失误的一种好方法。
（在数字、日期、距离、方位以及名称等方面有无错漏；有无漏译的词，有无误译的内容、有无逻辑不通、行文不顺之处，有无标点符号用错之处。
）翻译的技巧概述提高阅读能力，增强自己对英语文章内容的理解力；注意锻炼汉语表达能力。
1.翻译原则忠实原文的同时要符合汉语习惯。
不能太拘泥刻板。
能够直译尽量不意译，不要自己创造没有的单词语义（直译是指译文从形式到内容都忠实原文；意译是指译文在内容上忠实于原文，而形式上则有所变通。
）先了解后表达。
2.技巧运用抽象名词的译法：抽象意义具体化，即把抽象名词转化为具体名词或特指的词。
Few people have written English with more grace than Jim.吉姆写得一手优美的英文，很少有人能出其右。
（抽象名词变形容词）被动语态的译法：1.翻译成汉语的主动句——有时，在动作执行者未说出来的情况下，根据原文意思，译时可以加主语“我们”、“人们”。
Every possible means was done to reduce damage.为了减少损失，我们采取了各种措施。
学位英语语法讲解1：句法分析 (2)学位英语语法讲解2：词法分析 (3)学位英语语法讲解3：时态 (10)学位英语语法讲解4：被动语态 (14)学位英语语法讲解5：情态动词 (16)学位英语语法讲解6：不定式 (18)学位英语语法讲解7：定语从句 (22)学位英语语法讲解8：主语从句 (29)学位英语语法讲解9：表语从句 (30)学位英语语法讲解10：宾语从句 (30)学位英语语法讲解11：同位语从句 (32)学位英语语法讲解12：状语从句 (33)学位英语语法讲解13：虚拟语气 (36)学位英语考试语法讲解14：非谓语之动名词 (40)学位英语考试语法讲解15：现在分词 (40)学位英语考试语法讲解16：过去分词 (45)学位英语考试语法讲解17：独立主格结构 (48)学位英语考试语法讲解18：倒装结构 (50)学位英语考试语法讲解19：强调句型 (51)学位英语考试语法讲解20：主谓一致 (52)学位英语考试语法讲解21：it的用法 (55)学位英语语法讲解1：句法分析一、句法分析1、主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！v 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.名词作主语v 2) He reads newspapers everyday.代词作主语v 3) Two and ten is twelve.数词作主语v 4) Smoking is harmful to the health.动名词作主语v 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.动词不定式作主语v 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.从句作主语2、谓语: 说明主语的动作，状态或特征v 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.v 2) His father is an engineer.v 3) She seemed happy.v 4) Li Hua showed me his album.3、宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物v 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.v 2) The medicine is good for a cold.v 3) How many pieces do you want?v 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions.v 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?v 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight4、宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征。
第二章-强调句、倒装句第二章常考语法——7.强调句、倒装句强调句强调句是一种修辞手段，通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调。
只有一般现在时和一般过去时，如：It was not until the teacher came in that students stopped talking.They did give me some help.This is the only book that I am interested in.It引导的部分强调句It的两种基本用法it作形式主语，代替主语从句、动词不定式或动名词短语，被代替的是句子的真正的主语。
It delighted me that I could go to the college that I liked.（作形式主语代替主语从句）It作形式宾语I think it very important to learn English well.（代替动词不定式）It引导的部分强调句it is /was+被强调部分+that/ who+原句其他成分可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语。
如果强调的主语或宾语是指的人，则that可以由who来代替。
如果强调的是状语，则不能用when, where来代替，只能是由that来引导。
如：It is us who/that are taught by Miss Wang.（强调宾语）It is in the class 9 that Miss Wang teaches us.（强调状语）特殊强调：It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.It引导的部分强调句判断是否是强调结构的方法是，去掉it is/was和that后，剩余部分（经调整后）是否依然是个完整的句子，如果是，就是强调结构，否则就不是。
成人学位英语考试语法讲义辅导成人学位英语考试语法讲义辅导天才是百分之一的灵感，百分之九十九的血汗。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的成人学位英语考试语法讲义辅导，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!定语从句(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom,whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有三个作用：A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
学位英语经典学习讲义2017年10月第一部分语法注：本讲义包括语法、阅读理解、句子挑错、完形填空、英汉互译五部分，关键点讲解。
·单项填空语法的考试重点1.时态和语态2.情态动词3.虚拟语气4.非谓语动词5.从句6.倒装句和强调句单项填空题词类考查的重点：1.名词作定语，用单数形式（man与woman除外）2.不定代词的用法3.系动词：如持续系动词remain，感官系动词taste、feel、sound，结果系动词prove、turn out。
4.形容词、副词的比较级5.数词：确数、概数的表达方式；分数的表达方式第一章时态和语态一、时态和语态的考查重点1.与完成时态有关的时态1）现在完成时态（have done）[例题]In recent years many football clubs________as business to make a profit.A.have runB.have been runC.had been runD.will run『正确答案』B注意：和现在完成时态连用的时间状语：since加一个过去的时间点for加一段时间during the past few weeks/months/yearsin the past few weeks/months/yearsin recent weeks/months/yearsthis week/month/yearthese daysso farup to now2）过去完成时态（had done）[例题]About the sixth century A.D when few Europeans could read,the Chinese paper.（1997.6）A.inventedB.had inventedC.have inventedD.had been invented『正确答案』B注意：过去完成时态的解题一般要考虑句中两个动作间的先后顺序。
3）将来完成时态（will have done）注意：将来完成时态的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。
如：by the end of this year,by8o’clock，以及由by the time…引导的状语从句。
4）现在完成进行时态（have been doing）[例题]Since he left the university,he__________in an accounting company.（2006.4）A.has been workingB.had workedC.had been workingD.was working『正确答案』A5）将来完成进行时态（will have been doing）[例题]By the time you arrive this evening,_______for two hours.（2004.11）A.I will studyB.I will have been studiedC.I had studiedD.I will have been studying『正确答案』D2.状语从句中的替换现象·在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态，用现在完成时态代替将来完成时态。
[例题]When the mixture_______it will give off a powerful force.（1992.6）A.will heatB.will be heatedC.is heatedD.has heated『正确答案』C[例题]Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_______military service.（1993.6）A.will finishB.has finishedC.finishD.would finish『正确答案』B二、时态和语态的答题技巧·如果选项中出现了与完成时态有关的时态，这个选项一般说来是正确答案。
·如果选项中出现了被动语态，与主动语态相比较，被动语态一般是正确答案。
三、答题技巧应用1.Professor Williams told us that by the end of this year he here for two years.A.will have workedB.will have been workingC.would have been workingD.has been working『正确答案』C2.He for six years by the time he takes his examination.A.had been studying EnglishB.will have been studying EnglishC.studied EnglishD.studies English『正确答案』B3.They will go home for winter vacation as soon as they______their exams.A.have finishedB.finishC.will finishD.will have finished『正确答案』A4.English______in a new way at my college in the past few years.A.has been teachingB.was being taughtC.has been taughtD.had been taught『正确答案』C5.The pupils here all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A.kept busy doingB.keep on doingC.have kept busy doingD.have been kept busy doing『正确答案』C第二章情态动词本讲内容·情态动词的考查重点·情态动词的答题技巧一、情态动词的考查重点：情态动词＋完成时1.情态动词表示推测的用法1）must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定”[例题]My wallet is nowhere to be found I when I was on the bus.（1996.6）A.must have dropped itB.must drop itC.should have dropped itD.ought to have dropped it『正确答案』A2）can’t/couldn’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能”3）may/might（not）表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许”“也许没有”[例题]I can’t find the recorder in the room.It by somebody.（2003.11）A.must have takenB.may have takenC.may have been takenD.should have taken『正确答案』C2.情态动词＋完成时的其他用法1）could have done本来能够[例题]He didn't take part in the competition,he_______though.A.wonB.didn't winC.could winD.could have won『正确答案』D2）needn't have done本来不必[例题]As it turned out to be a small house party,we so formally.A.needn’t dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.needn’t have dressed up『正确答案』DNeed详解：need可以用作情态动词也可以用作实义动词，但用法不同。
·用作情态动词时，用法为need do sth.need not do sth.，·用作实义动词时，用法为need to do sth.do not need to do sth.如：You need to work harder if you’re going to pass those exams.3）should/ought to have done本来应该[例题]You_______me earlier.I could have helped you.A.should tell meB.should have toldC.need to tellD.needn't have told『正确答案』Bshouldn't/oughtn't to have done本来不应该[例题]You____him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A.shouldn't followB.mustn't followC.couldn't have been followingD.shouldn't have been following『正确答案』D4）might have done本来可以（用来表示一种责备）[例题]You______even though you were busy at that time.A.might help himB.must have helped himC.might have helped himD.should help him『正确答案』C二、情态动词的答题技巧·如果选项中出现“情态动词＋完成时”，这个选项一般说来是正确答案。
三、答题技巧应用1.Nobody knows how people first came to these islands.They____from South America on rafts.A.must have sailedB.can sailC.might have sailedD.should have sailed『正确答案』C2.Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon.She____in her classroom.A.should have beenB.must have beenC.must beD.should be『正确答案』B3.Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't.He____his mind.A.can't have changedB.wouldn't have changedC.must have changedD.shouldn't have changed『正确答案』C4.You____to town to see the film yesterday.It will be on TV tonight.A.needn't goB.had better not goC.should not goD.needn't have gone『正确答案』D5.We____the letter yesterday,but it didn't arrive.A.must receiveB.ought to receiveC.must have receivedD.ought to have received『正确答案』D第三章虚拟语气本讲内容·虚拟语气的考查重点·虚拟语气的答题技巧一、虚拟语气的考试重点1.条件句中的虚拟语气·条件句中和过去事实相反的虚拟语气[例题]If a better material,the strength of the part would have been increased.（1992.6）A.had been usedB.had been usingC.being useding『正确答案』A[例题]Had the weather been good,the children out for a walk.（2001.6）A.had goneB.could have goneC.would goD.went『正确答案』B·省略if的虚拟条件句[例题]you were busy,I wouldn’t have bothered you with my question.（1996.6）A.If I realizedB.Had I realizedC.Did I realize thatD.As I realized『正确答案』B·错综时间虚拟条件句[例题]If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you ____now.A.wouldn't be smilingB.couldn't have smiledC.won't smileD.didn't smile『正确答案』A·含蓄虚拟条件句（with/without/but for/otherwise）[例题]Without your help,we so much.（1996.6）A.didn’t achieveB.would not have achievedC.will not achieveD.don’t achieve『正确答案』B[例题]But for the rain,we a nice holiday.（2003.4）A.should haveB.would have hadC.would haveD.would had『正确答案』B2.表示建议、要求、命令的单词后面接宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，从句要使用虚拟语气，形式为：should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。
