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2019-2020学年烟台市中英文学校高三英语期末考试试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABritain's brilliant bridges have aided trade and brought communities together and are always the most exciting part of the journey. These must-see bridges are now tourist attractions in their own right.Clifton Suspension Bridge, BristolDescribed byits legendary engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel as “my first love, my darling”, in was originally designed for horse-drawn traffic. Now, more than four million vehicles a year cross the 1,352ft-Jong toll (收费) bridge over the Avon Gorge. The £ l toll for every journey pays for its repair. The history of the bridge, dating back to 1864, is kept alive through a programme of tours, events and exhibitions.Infinity Bridge, Stockton-On-TeesA pedestrian and cycle footbridge across the River Tees, its working title was the North Shore Footbridge, before it was given its grander name when opened in 2009. It is particularly spectacular (壮观) at night. The arches of the bridge are also lit white and, on calm nights, their reflection in the water appears as an infinity symbol, thereby inspiring the name which was chosen by the public.Tower Bridge, LondonAn engineering wonder built from thousands of tons of Cornish granite, Portland stone and steel, it took construction workers eight years to complete. More than 120 years old, it's a popular tourist attraction, as well as a functional bridge. Visitors can take in the views over the capital and experience seeing London life through the Glass Floor.Iron Bridge, ShropshireOpened in 1781, this is the first arch bridge in the world to be made out of cast iron. Recognised as one of the great symbols of the industrial revolution, it transformed the cart of bridge building and was a crucial factor in the development of the iron trade in Shropshire.1.Which bridge has the longest history?A.Clifton Suspension Bridge.B.Infinity Bridge.C.Tower Bridge.D.Iron Bridge.2.What can we know about Infinity Bridge?A.People can just walk on it.B.The public give it two names.C.It's well worth visiting at night.D.It's arch is the biggest on the earth.3.What do Clifton Suspension Bridge and Tower Bridge have in common?A.They are both over 120 years old.B.Visitors should pay for passing them.C.They have the same original design.D.Visitors can have a good view of London on them.BWhile space travel still gets lot of attention, not enough attention has been paid to the exploration of oceans, about which we know much less than the dark side of the moon.Ninety percent of the ocean floor has not even been recorded and while we have been to the moon, the technology to explore the ocean's floors is still being developed. For example, a permanent partially-underwater sea exploration station, called the Sea Orbiter, is currently in development.The oceans play a major role in controlling our climate. But we have not learned yet how to use them to cool us off rather than contribute to our overheating. Ocean organisms are said to hold the promise of cures for a wide of the unique eyes of skate (ray fish) led to advances in conquering blindness, the horseshoe crab was important in developing a test for bacterial pollution, and sea urchins helped in the development of test-tube fertilization(人工授精). The toadfish's' ability to regenerate its central nervous system is of much interest to neuroscientists. A recent Japanese study concluded that the drug Eribulin, which was taken from sea sponges, is effective in fighting with breast, colon, and Urinary cancer.Given the approaching crisis of water insufficiency, we badly need to improve current methods, of desalinating(淡化) ocean water and make them more efficient and less costly. By 2025, 1.8 billion people are expected to suffer from severe water shortage, with that number jumping to 3. 9 billion by 2050-well over a third of the entire global population.If the oceansdo not make your heart go beating faster, how about engineering a bacterium that eats carbon dioxide — and thus helps protect the world from overheating — and produces fuel which will allow us to drive our cars and machines, without oil? I cannot find any evidence that people young or old, Americans or citizens of other nations would be less impressed or less inspired with such a breakthrough than with one more set of photos of a faraway galaxy or a whole Milky Way full of stars.4. What does the author think about the ocean exploration?A. It is equal to the space exploration.B. It is well developed.C. It deserves more attention and devotion.D. It is beyond our knowledge.5. What technology has been developed to make use of the oceans?A. Curing human diseases with ocean organisms.B. Preventing the world getting warmer.C. Mapping the global ocean floor.D. Removing salt from sea water.6. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A. The temperature rise will be overcome by a bacterium.B. Solving the existing problems is more significant.C. The space exploration is worth the efforts.D. The ocean exploration is not inspiring.7. What is the best title of the passage?A. Oceans, the Last Hope.B. Oceans, the Hidden Treasure.C. Space, the Final Frontier.D. Space, the Faraway Dream.COne day when I was 5, my mother criticized me for not finishing my rice and I got angry. I wanted to play outside and not to be made to finish eating my old rice. In my angry motion to open the screen door (纱门) with my foot, I kicked back about a 12-inch part of the lower left hand corner of the new screen door. But I had no regret, for I was happy to be playing in the backyard with my toys.Today, I know if my child had done what I did, I would have criticized my child, and told him about how expensive this new screen door was, and I would have delivered a spanking (打屁股) for it. But my parents never said a word. They left the corner of the screen door pushed out, creating an opening, a crack in the defense against unwanted insects.For years, every time I saw that corner of the screen, it would remind me of my mistake from time to time. For years, I knew that everyone in my family would see that hole and remember who did it. For years, every time I saw a fly buzzing in the kitchen, I would wonder if it came in through the hole that I had created with my angry foot. I would wonder if my family members were thinking the same thing, silently blaming me every time a flying insectentered our home, making life more terrible for us all. My parents taught me a valuable lesson, one that a spanking or stern (严厉的) words perhaps could not deliver. Their silent punishment for what I had done delivered a hundred stern messages to me. Aboveall, it has helped me become a more patient person and not burst out so easily.8. When the author damaged the door, his parents _______.A. scolded him for what he had doneB. left the door unrepairedC. told him how expensive it wasD. gave him a spanking9. How did the author feel every time he saw the damaged door?A. He felt ashamed of his uncontrolled anger at that time.B. He found that his family members no longer liked him.C. He found it destroyed the happy atmosphere at his home.D. He felt he had to work hard to make up for (弥补) the damage.10. The experience may cause the author _______.A. to hide his anger away from othersB. not to go against his parents’ willC. to have a better control of himselfD. not to make mistakes in the future11. What of the following is the main idea of this passage?A. Adults should ignore their children’s bad behavior.B. Parents shouldn’t educate their children.C. What is the best way to become a more patient person?D. Silent punishment may have a better effect on educating people.DWe all use different ways to remember ideas, facts and things we need to store. Remembering is an extremely important part of our learning experience. Information process, storage and recall encourage purposeful learning.But the brain doesn’t store everything we want or need for future use. It makes choices and tends to remember information that forms a memorable pattern. Things you learned recently can be particularly difficult to remember because they haven’t taken root in your mind.“Forgetting allows us to remember what is really important to our survival. We forget much of what we read, watch, and think directly every day.” writes John Medina in his book, Brain Rules.How do you avoid losing 90%of what you’ve learned? An inspiring writer and speaker Zig Ziglar once said: “Repetition is the mother of learning, the father of action, which makes it the architect of accomplishment.”Repetition has been a remembering skill for ages. When you hear or read something once，you don’t reallylearn it-at least not well enough to store the new information for long. The right kind of repetition can do wonders for your memory. People learn or remember better by repeating things or getting exposed to information many times. Othersrepeat particular steps or processes deliberately a number of times or even years to become better at certain skills.Daniel Coyle explains in his book, The Little Book of Talent:“...closing the book and writing a summary, even short ones, forces you to figure out the key points, process and organize those ideas so they make sense, and write them on the page. When you pick it back up weeks later, reread all of your notes or highlights to strengthen the ideas even further.”People learn by repeating things. Better learning is a repetition process. Every time we repetitively access something we already know, we increase the memory’s stored value.12. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The brain tends to store 90% of the things we learn.B. The fresher the information isthe easier to remember.C. Thinking is more important than remembering in study.D. The brain tends to choose and keep what it thinks important.13. How does the writer prove his opinion?A.By giving examples.B. By listing numbers.C. By borrowing words of experts.D. By providing scientific finding.14. What does Daniel Coyle want to say in his book?A. You can’t pay too much attention to repetition.B. Summarizing is a very effective learning tool.C. Forgetting forces human brain to make choices.D. Regular repetition helps to form good habits.15. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. How the Brain WorksB. Reading for MoreC. Fighting Against ForgettingD. Repeat to Remember第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
柏拉图个人简介柏拉图（希腊语：Πλάτων，英语：Plato，约公元前427年－前347年）是古希腊哲学家，其主要哲学思想是理念论，对西方的哲学思想有重大而深远的影响。
原名亚里士多克勒（Aristoklēs），家中排行老四。
柏拉图是其体育老师给他起的绰号。
他是苏格拉底的学生，又是亚里士多德的老师。
《理想国》是他最重要的著作。
柏拉图出身雅典贵族，并受到良好的贵族教育。
大约二十岁时，他开始追随苏格拉底。
公元前399年，苏格拉底受审并被判死刑，柏拉图逃往梅加腊避难。
后来他到各地游历，包括西西里岛、南意大利、埃及等地。
公元前387年柏拉图回到雅典，并创办了学园（或称“阿卡得米”，Academy）。
学园的名字与学园的地址有关，学园的校址所在地与希腊的传奇英雄阿卡得摩斯（Academus）有关，因而以此命名。
学园是西方最早的教学机构，它是中世纪时在西方发展起来的大学的前身。
学园存在了900多年，直到公元529年被查士丁尼大帝关闭为止。
学园受到毕达哥拉斯的影响较大，课程设置类似于毕达哥拉斯学派的传统课题，包括了算术、几何学、天文学以及声学。
公元前367年，柏拉图再度出游，此时学园已经创立二十多年了。
他到达锡拉库萨，并将自己的理念付诸实施，但是却遭到强行放逐，于公元前360年回到雅典，继续在学园讲学、写作。
柏拉图的主要哲学思想都是通过对话的形式记载下来的。
在柏拉图的对话中，有很多是以苏格拉底之名进行的谈话，因此人们很难区分哪些是苏格拉底的思想，哪些是柏拉图的思想。
柏拉图的理想国作者：柏拉图文章来源：浏览：5715 次柏拉图柏拉图（Plato,前427—前347）是古希腊最著名的哲学家和教育家，出生于雅典一个奴隶主贵族家庭。
柏拉图家境优裕，从小受到良好的教育。
他的文法、修辞、写作成绩优秀，并对文学很感兴趣，写过不少诗歌及其他文学作品。
他身体健壮、体力过人，非常喜爱体育活动，擅长多项运动项目。
他也喜爱音乐和绘画，并有较高造诣。
柏拉图柏拉图（Plato，Πλατών，公元前427年—公元前347年），是古希腊伟大的哲学家、思想家、教育家、数学家，也是整个西方文化中最伟大的哲学家和思想家之一。
他与老师苏格拉底、学生亚里士多德并称为“希腊三贤”。
以下是对柏拉图的详细介绍：一、生平背景•出生地与家庭：柏拉图于公元前427年5月7日出生在雅典附近的伊齐那岛，他的原名叫亚里斯多克勒斯（Aristokles）。
据说，他的体育老师见他体魄强健，前额宽阔，就把他叫做柏拉图，而在希腊文中“plato”的意思就是宽广。
柏拉图的父亲阿里斯通和母亲珀克里提俄涅都出自名门望族，他的家族与雅典的政治和文化精英有深厚的联系。
•教育背景：柏拉图在青年时期热衷于文艺创作，写过赞美酒神的颂诗和其他抒情诗，富有文学才能。
大约20岁时，他开始追随哲学家苏格拉底，直到苏格拉底被雅典当局处死为止，前后约有七八年时间。
这段时期对柏拉图的思想和学术发展产生了深远影响。
二、哲学思想•理念论：柏拉图是西方客观唯心主义的创始人，他提出了理念论，认为世界由“理念世界”和“现象世界”所组成。
理念的世界是真实的存在，永恒不变，而人类感官所接触到的这个现实的世界，只不过是理念世界的微弱的影子，它由现象所组成，而每种现象是因时空等因素而表现出暂时变动等特征。
•回忆说：柏拉图提出了一种回忆说的认识论，认为人在出生前已经获得了知识，只是在出生后因为受到肉体的束缚而忘记了。
通过学习和回忆，人可以重新获得这些知识。
•政治思想：在《理想国》中，柏拉图设计了一幅正义之邦的图景。
他认为国家起源于劳动分工，将理想国中的公民分为治国者、武士、劳动者三个等级，分别代表智慧、勇敢和欲望三种品性。
治国者依靠自己的哲学智慧和道德力量统治国家；武士们辅助治国，用忠诚和勇敢保卫国家的安全；劳动者则为全国提供物质生活资料。
三个等级各司其职，各安其位。
三、主要作品柏拉图的主要作品为对话录，其中绝大部分都有苏格拉底出场。
古希腊哲学家柏拉图的简介柏拉图是古希腊伟大的哲学家，希腊三贤之一。
下面是店铺为你搜集古希腊哲学家柏拉图的简介，希望对你有帮助!柏拉图的生平资料柏拉图生平轶事多如牛毛，活了80岁，常周游各国，而且还是思想超乎普通人的哲学家，不管是横向还是纵向，都足以将他的人生涂抹得绚烂多彩。
柏拉图生平有过许多有趣的经历，就从他的名字开始探寻吧。
“柏拉图”这个音译名，听起来文化感十足，但一来，这不是柏拉图的真名，二来，这个名字的愿意是“宽广”，因为柏拉图幼年时就生长得体魄强健、前额较阔，他的体育老师把“柏拉图”当做绰号叫他，结果就流传至今。
柏拉图的出身称得上“富贵二代”，既物质富裕，又身份尊贵。
他从小就受良好教育，可谓天时地利人和占尽。
20岁时拜在著名哲学家苏格拉底门下，随即陷入对哲学的深深沉迷。
但是苏格拉底被民众公投判处死刑后，当时的政治体制让柏拉图彻底失望。
他离开雅典，开始了漫长的游历，历史悠久的埃及和意大利都印满了柏拉图的脚步。
他还在西西里岛被抓去卖做奴隶，幸亏朋友花大钱才将他赎了回来。
有惊有险的旅行结束后，柏拉图又回到雅典。
开办学院是柏拉图生平非常重要的一件事。
那所学院叫做“阿卡德米”。
柏拉图早年受其他学派影响，醉心数学，所以在学院门前立了个牌子“不懂几何者不得入内”。
他教授学生算术天文等，要求学生有一定知识基础。
这所学校开办了二十多年后，柏拉图再次外出游历，他到处讲学、写作，不亦乐乎，在80岁高龄安然长逝。
柏拉图哲学观点柏拉图哲学具体环绕理念一词，理念也被人们称为理念论，是雅典时期哲学观点最引人瞩目之一。
他是雅典时期的客观主义哲学鼻祖师，其与他的师傅苏格拉底和他的徒弟亚里士多德并称为希腊的哲学三大家之一，改变了理式在人们心中的了解程度，彻底打破了往常的哲学家观点。
在柏拉图哲学当中明细提出将宇宙间的原则及道理都要看成一致普遍性，不仅仅将理念世界呈现在众人的面前，还一一的描述出当时的希腊哲学具有什么样的缺点，人们接受哲学观点后，将误解点明，希腊人民将柏拉图哲学思考过程逐渐转换成了哲学概念的形成。
柏拉图生平简介柏拉图（约公元前427年－前347年），是古希腊哲学家，也是全部西方哲学乃至整个西方文化最伟大的哲学家和思想家之一，他和老师苏格拉底，学生亚里士多德并称为古希腊三大哲学家。
曾到埃及、小亚细亚和意大利南部从事政治活动，企图实现他的贵族政治理想。
公元前387年在阿卡德米体育馆附近设立了一所学园，此后执教40年，直至逝世。
他一生著述颇丰，其教学思想主要集中在《理想国》和《法律篇》中。
柏拉图是西方客观唯心主义的创始人，其哲学体系博大精深，对其教学思想影响尤甚。
哲学思想理念论是柏拉图哲学体系的核心。
他认为物质世界之外还有一个非物质的观念世界。
理念世界是真实的，而物质世界是不真实的，是理念世界的模糊反映。
我们可以以美为例来理解柏拉图所说的感觉世界、理念世界和人的思想认识三者的关系。
柏拉图认为：世间有许多类的事物，当你判断它是否为美时，心中必然已有了一个美的原型，这心目中美的原型又来源理念世界中存在的那个绝对的美。
任何美的事物都无法与美的原型相比，前者不过是对后者的一种模仿，美的事物有千千万，而美的原型或理念的美却只有一个。
其他事物也是如此，如有了桌子的理念才有各式各样的桌子，有了房子的理念才有了各式各样的房子，有了绿色的理念才有了世间的绿色……显然，他的理念论是客观唯心的，根本的错误在于抹煞了客观世界而把假想当成了真实。
数学思想把数学概念当做抽象物，不依赖于经验而自有其实在性；强调数学的抽象性和逻辑化，强调了概念和推理；重视演绎结构；对归纳和分析的方法也给予了充分注意；把演绎推理作为数学求证的唯一方法，主张把知识用演绎系统整理出来，是第一个把推理法则系统化的人。
从那个时代起，数学上要求从一些公认的公理来进行演绎证明，这对科学的发展有重要作用政治观《理想国》涉及柏拉图思想体系的各个方面，包括哲学、教育、文艺、政治等内容，主要是探讨理想国家的问题。
他认为，国家就是放大了的个人，个人就是缩小了的国家。
