2020届高考英语第二轮词汇专题复习课件36

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空常考易错词汇变形anger---angry accurate---accuracy apologize---apologyapply---applicant（申请人）---application（应用，申请）(dis)appear---(dis)appearance argue---argument admire---admirable assist---assistance---assistant（助手）anxious---anxiety ambition---ambitious abolish---abolition adapt---adaptationaccompany(v.)---company(n. 陪伴)---companion(n.同伴) (dis)approve---(dis)approval access(n.)---accessible(adj.) assess---assessment（评价）aware(adj.)---awareness assume---assumption applaud---applause(n.) admit---admitted---admissionadventure---adventurous(adj.) analysis---analyses（复）---analyse/analyze（动）bore---boredom(n.) belong---belongings(n.财产) behave---behaviour/behavior basis---bases（复）---basic(adj.)---base(v./n.) benefit---beneficial brave---bravery---bravelybelieve---unbelievablecurious---curiosity cycle---cyclist cruel---cruelty(n.) culture---cultural compete---competitor---competition---competitive consult---consultant confuse---confusionconclude---conclusion cure---(in)curable create---creative---creationconsist---consistence---consistent convenience---(in)convenient caution---cautious commit---commitment（犯罪，承诺，投入）(un)conscious---consciousness（意识）describe---description diverse---diversity depress---depression desire---desirable defend---defence divide---division destroy---destroyed---destruction(n.) explore---exploration enter---entrance（入口）---entry（进入，词条，参赛，入口处）explode---explosion excite---excitement energy---energeticexist---existence enjoy---enjoyment---enjoyable explain---explanation enthusiastic---enthusiasm envy---envious extend---extension（扩大，延伸，分机）expect---expectation---unexpected（出乎意料的）economy(n.)---economic(adj.)---economist firm---firmness fortune---fortunate---fortunately finance---financialforget---forgot---forgotten flexible（灵活的，可弯曲的）---flexibilityflee---fled---fled forbid---forbade/forbad---forbiddengenerous---generosity guide---guidance gentle---gently get---got---gotguilt---guilty gay---gaily（高兴地）humorous---humour/humor harm---harmful---harmless（无害的）hunger---hungry ignore---ignorance---ignorant invite---invitation inspire---inspiration（鼓舞，灵感）intend---intention injure---injury(n.)---injured(adj.) just(adj.公平的)---justify(v.)---justice(n.)imagine---imagination---imaginary（幻想的，虚构的）---imaginable（可想象的）increase---increasingly(adj.)越来越多地，不断增加地lonely---loneliness law---lawyer（律师）legal---illegallibrary---librarian（图书管理员）lie---liar（说谎的人）necessary---necessity(n.) music---musician（音乐家）---musical(adj.) noise---noisy origin---original(adj.)---originate(v.) occur---occurrence (n.)---occurred occupy---occupationobject(v.)---objection(n.反对，异议)---objective(n.目标，客体，宾语；adj.客观的)organ(n.器官，风琴)---organic(adj.生物的，器官的)---organism(n.生物体，有机体)obey---disobey operate---operation---operator observe---observationprefer---preferred---preference persuade---persuasion permit(n.许可证，执照；v.)---permissionphysics---physical(身体的，物理的)---physicist(物理学家)---physician（医师）produce(v.)---product(c.产品)---production(u.生产，产量) poison---poisonous(adj.) patient（有耐心的；病人）---patience（耐心）---impatient press---pressure piano---pianistphenomenon---phenomena（复）panic---panicked---panicked participate---participant （参加者）politics---political(adj.)---politician(n.政治家) qualify(v.)---qualified(adj.)---qualificationprepare---preparation popular---popularity perform---performance---performerrely---reliable---reliance(n.) recognize---recognition religion---religious respond---response (to)rude---rudeness refer---reference reduce---reduction reunite----reunion repeat---repetition rob---robber---robberysimilar---similarity strong---strength---strengthen seek---sought---sought summary---summarizespecial---specialist---specialize(v.) strike---struck---struck（敲，击，罢工）stick---stuck---stuck（粘贴，刺，戳；木棍）satisfy---satisfactory(adj.)---satisfaction(n.) spoken---unspoken simple(adj.)---simply(adv.)---simplify(v.) swing---swung---swung （摇摆；秋千）science---scientific---scientist swell---swelled---swollen（肿胀，膨胀）survive---survival---survivorshoot---shot---shot scare---scared---scary（adj. 吓人的）secure(v.)---security(n.) self---selfish（自私的）---selfless（无私的）tie---tying true---truly---truth tour---tourist---tourism translate---translation---translatortolerate---tolerance---tolerant think---thinking[u.]---thought[c.] taste---tasty(adj.)---tastelessvolunteer---voluntary warm---warmth(n.) (un)willing---(un)willingness (un)certain---certaintyvary---various---variety wise---wisdom。

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习核心考点总动员专题36阅读理解之文章结构含解析关键词：阅读理解,文章结构,上下文推理,语境难度系数：✱✱✱✱推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱【基础回顾】考点归纳：理解文章的基本结构英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。

主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。

各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。

如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。

基础必读：根据考纲要求（5）理解文章的基本结构可知，考查文章的基本结构是高考阅读测试的目标之一。

从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。

篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：（1）How is the passage organized?（2）Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage?（3）What will the author most probably talk about next?（4）The author develops the passage mainly by _________.（5）The first paragraph serves as a（n） __________.（6）The example of … is given to show/illustrate that__________.【技能方法】篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。

从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）。

2020届二轮复习读后续写记叙文分类高级词汇每一种体裁都有其特定的语言特色，记叙文也是如此。

记叙文的语言有记叙文语言的特点。

那么，在记叙文写作中，哪些词汇的运用可以为文章增色，成为文章亮点呢？我们经过多年实践，收集整理了部分具有高分特质的词汇，分享与你。

请细细体会，熟记于心，多加运用，定会让你的文章脱颖而出。

一、表人物喜乐——30 个高级词汇1.难以形容地开心：indescribably wildjoy2.极为感动：be overwhelmingly moved3.几乎无法掩饰他的兴奋的心情：canhardly conceal his excitement4.既兴奋又开心：a mixture ofexcitement and happiness5.激发某人的激情：kindle sb. with/topassion6.显示出极大的意愿：show a greaterreadiness7.被强烈地吸引：be powerfullyattracted to8.心情愉快：in cheerful spirits9.振作精神：keep up one’s spirits 10.满意的表情：a satisfied look11.对...感到满意：be content with 12.对...很高兴：be delighted at13.为成功而欣喜：be excited with joyat the success14.被...场面所吸引：be fascinated bythe spectacle of15.被她的美貌所吸引：be fascinatedwith her beauty16.因...而高兴：be joyful over/about17.喜爱，对...着迷: be keen on 18.快乐至极：be overwhelmed with19.高兴地跳起来：dance/jump for joy 20.欣喜若狂：be wild with delight21. —个令人鼓舞的表情：anencouraging expression22.过一个愉快的假日：have a pleasantholiday23.心满意足，非常幸福：on the top ofthe world24.对...感到非常高兴：overjoyed at/todo整理：丁宇鹏读后续写微技能2二、表人物悲忧消沉——22 个高级词汇17.很可能引发一阵挫败感：beextremely likely to raise a storm offrustration18.感到一阵悲伤：a flash of griefcame upon sb. 19.情绪低落：be down in spirits 20.垂头丧气：lose one’s spirit 21.心里悲伤：be sad at heart 22.意志消沉：a broken spirit25.流下幸福的泪水：tears ofhappiness flowing down26.乐得大叫：yell with delight27.使某人心情愉快：brighten sb’sheart28.使某人安心：set one’s heart atrest29.感到鼓舞的：feelinspired/encouraged30.精神高涨：be in high spirits1.强烈的失落感：a strong sense of loss2.陷入绝望：fall into despair3.让他很伤感：put him into asentimental mood4.避免陷入消极的旋涡：avoidgetting sucked into a whirlpool of5.哭泣释放苦闷情绪：crying gives negativitysome emotional release6.减轻某人的痛苦/烦恼：ease sb. of his pain/trouble7.因某人的死亡而痛心：break one’sheart over one’death8.使某人悲痛：make one’s heartbleed9.伤心而死：die of a broken heart 10.悲痛欲绝：cry one’s heart out11.怀着沉重的心情：with a heavyheart12.沮丧的：with a sinking heart13.忧郁的：with sorrowful heart 14.惊慌失措：be seized wilh panic15.有点惊讶：come as something of asurprise16.感到极度疲劳和难以招架：feelexhausted and overwhelmed读后续写微技能31.引起某人的不快：arouse one’sdispleasure2.对某人的行为感到不满：bedispleased at one’s conduct3.易为琐事而恼火：be easilyannoyed at trifles4.气得说不出话：be speechlesswith indignation5.不断地抱怨：complain constantly6.对某人大发脾气：rage at sb.7.怒火万丈：flame high8.气得满脸通红：flame with anger9.勃然大怒：fly into a rage 10.对某人生气：get irritated at11.对某人勃然大怒：get mad/crossat sb. 12.愁眉苦脸：have a worried look13.对抱怨不予理会：ignore/disregard a complaint14.对...表示不满：express/voice acomplaint about15.怒气冲冲地跑出房间：run out ofthe room in a burst of anger16.愤怒地跺脚：stamp one’s foot inanger17.感到尴尬的：feel embarrassed18.感到困惑的：feel puzzled/confused19.感到沮丧的：feel frustrated/depressed20.感到恶心的：feel disgusted/sickened21.感到恼怒的：feel annoyed 22.感到愤怒的：feel irritated23.感到泄气的：feel discouraged24.充满怨恨的眼神：a resentfullook1.激发兴趣：find...highly stimulating2.宽容的精神：a forgiving spirit3.以和蔼可亲的态度：with a kindlyand good-humored spirit4.他一点也不感兴趣：not in theleast is he interested in …5.混合着焦虑与希望的情绪：mixedwith the emotion of anxiety andhope6.引起强烈的情感：set off strongfeelings in the hearts of…7.对...彻底上瘾：be hopelesslyaddicted to8.在这些情绪的控制下：under thedomination of these emotions三、表人物怨怒——24 个高级词汇四、表人物其他情绪——8 个高级词汇读后续写微技能41.优美的身段：a graceful figure2.匀称的形体：a shapely figure3.痩削的身材：a skinny figure4.细长的身体：a slim figure5.发育良好的身体：a well-developedfigure6.仪表堂堂：an imposing/adashing/a handsome/a striking7.(人）形体很好：have a good figure f8i.g改ur善e 形体：improve one’s figure 9.看到月光下有一个模糊的人影：see a dark figure in the moonlight10.显露出她优美的身段：show offher lovely figure11.中等身材：an average build 12.身材魅梧的人：a well-built man1.务实的：be down-to-earth2.脱颖而出：stand out from thecrowd 3.保守的性格：conservativepersonalities4.缺乏责任感：lack of responsibility5.具有...的美德：with the virtue of6.责任感：sense of responsibility7.—个专心致志进行探索的科学家：a scientist bent on making adiscovery8.高素质、有经验的老师：highlyqualified,well-experienced teachingstaff9.光明的前途：promising future 10.关于...很无知：be ignoranl about11.具有对教学过程敏锐的洞察力：armed/equipped with a keen insightinto the teaching process12. —夜成名的人：an overnightsuccessful person/an instant13.生在城市，长在城市：city born successful personand city bred14.脾气好的人：a good-hummored/good natured person15.完人：a faultless/perfect person 16.知名人士：a notable personage17. —个从事专门职业的人：aprofessional person18. 一个有自制力的人：aself-possessed pereon19. 一个疑心重的人：a suspiciousperson20.天资高的人：a talented person21.有抱负的人：an ambitious person 22.留胡须的人：a bearded man23.聪明人：an intellectual person24.个性强的人：a man of finepersonality五、表人物体型——12 个高级词汇六、表人物个性品格——60 个高级词汇读后续写微技能525.个性迷人的女人：a woman ofengaging/fascinating personality26.有突出的个性：have strikingpersonalities27.温和可爱的个性：lovable andgood natured personality28.容易相处的人：an easy personto deal with29.冷酷无情的人：a cold-bloodedman30.成年人：a full-grown man31.性情和善的男子：a good-naturedman32.心肠冷酷的人：a hard-hearted33.有前途的青年：a promising manyoung man34.严肃的年轻人：a serious youngman 35.头脑简单的人：a simple-mindedman36.能说会道的人：a smooth-spoken37.消息灵通/见多识广的人：a manwell-informed man38.娴静有礼的淑女：a quiet, gracious lady39.说话直率的人：an out spokenman40.有教养的女子：a culturedwoman41.相貌平平的女人：a homelywoman42.单身女人：a single woman43.丑女人：an ugly woman 44.未婚妇女：an unmarried woman 45.时髦的社交界妇女：a fashionablelady46.无辜/无邪的人：an innocentman47. 一位多才多艺的女子：anaccomplished young lady48. 20 岁出头的姑娘：a girl in herearly twenties49.动人的姑娘：an attractive girl 50.浪漫的人：a romantic figure 51.没有头脑的少女：anempty-headed girl52.著名人物：a well-known/prominent figure53.品格纯洁无瑕的女子：a girl ofstainless character54.伟大的历史人物：a greathistorical character55.品格正直的人：a man of uprightcharacter56.没有出息的人：a worthlesscharacter57.具有独立的性格：possess anindependent character58.有诚实的好名声：have anexcellent character for honesty59.性格果断：be of a determinedcharacter60.乐观和有抱负的：be optimisticand ambitious读后续写微技能61.给某人造成负担：impose a heavyburden on sb. 2.步态优美地走：walk grarefully3.不顾对...的忧虑：regardless ofconcerns over4.互相谅解，相互理解：mutualunderstanding5.鼓起勇气：muster up courage6.首次露面：make one's firstappearance7.面对斗争与改变：in the face ofstruggle and change8.服从志愿者组织的指挥：followorders from the voluntary9.没有履行职责:fail to carry out one’s organization duties10.有不端行为：display unacceptablebehavior11.损害高中生形象：damage theimage of high school students12.标志着童年到成年的过渡：markthetransition from childhood toadulthood13.吸引注意：capture the attention14.完全一团糟:be competely in amess15.被认为是权威：be considered anauthority16.对某事不存幻想：be under noillusion about sth. 17.—项有意义的活动：a meaningful/rewarding activity18.彻底信仰奇迹：believewholeheartedly in the great miracle19.相信：in the belief that 20.期待...：in the expectation that21.经受起起落落：go through ups anddowns22.自动电话：a dial/an automatictelephone23.感觉很不适应：feel out of place24.毫无倦意：show no signs oftiredness25.关于...很无知：be ignorant about 26.走神：keep drifting away 27.无力改变结果：be powerless tochange the outcome28.不愿改变：be reluctant to makechanges29.赞赏的目光：an admiring gaze 30.嫉妒的目光：an envious glance 31.朝某人匆匆瞥了一眼：cast a hastyglance at sb. 32.向某人投以爱慕的目光：castadmiring glance at sb.七、表人物动作或心理活动——71 个高级词汇读后续写微技能733.凝望着天上的星星：gaze up at thestars34.首次窥见：gaze the first glimpseof35.凝视着某人：look at sb. with afixed gaze36.好奇地向某人看了一眼：throw acurious glance at sh. 37.听到远处的隆隆雷声：hear thethunder rolling in the distance38.极力称赞、大肆吹捧某人：praisesb. (up) to the skies39.从未听说过反对某人的话：neverhearanything against sb. 40. —听到声音就知道是某人：recognize sb. at first hearing41.深受赞扬：be received with muchappreciation42.爆发出阵阵喝彩声：break intoshouts of applause43.不耐心地听：listen impatiently 44.自吹自擂：sing one’s own praise45.承担全部责任：bear all the blame46.收回前言，承认说錯：eat one’swords47.无意中得罪某人：offend sb. unintentionally48.严厉训斥某人：give sb. a sharpscolding49.致闭幕词：give a closing address 50.说一句妙语：utter a witty remark 51.就某事发表意见：make a remarkupon sh. 52.触犯某人的话：offending remarksof sb. 53.议论某人：pass remarks ahout sb. 54.字斟句酌：pick one’s words 55.引述某人一段引人深思的评论：quote an illuminating comment fromsb. 56.说得明白而深刻：say sth. clearlyand impressively57.穿过田野的散步：a walk across thefields58.低声表示赞同：give a murmur ofapproval59.故意地说：say sth.deliberately 60.散步，闲逛：have/take a stroll61. —跃而起：jump to one’s feet 62.来回跋步：pace back and forth 63.在城里闲逛：strollabout/around/through the town64.毫无目的地在街上游落：strollaimlessly through the streets读后续写微技能865.步行穿过马路：walk across a street 66.臂挽着臂走：walk arm in arm 67.以栽培花木为消遣：look upongardening as a recreation68.在倾盆大雨中走：walk throughthe pouring rain69.漫步向山里走去：wander into thewoods70.在乡间漫步：wander over thecountryside71.平衡不同水平的学生的兴趣爱好：balance the interests of different levels of students1.常常发生的事：a frequentoccurrence2.费时的：time-consuming3.让某人记忆犹新：remain fresh inone’s memory4.一件身心有益的事情:anenchanting mental and physical5.突然繁荣的房地产市场：a sudden businessboom in the housing market6.省钱省时间：be lesstime-consuming and more7.辛劳的任务：an arduous/a economicalpainstaking/a laborious task8.需要紧急处理：require urgentattention9.值得珍藏的经历：a trulymemorableexperience10.回忆高中生活的美好时刻：recallthe sweet moment of one's highschool life 11.经受起起落落：go through upsand downs12.自动电话：a dial/an automatictelephone13.长途电话：a long-distancetelephone14.在会上发表演讲：address ameeting15.有某人的电话：be wanted on thephone16.叫某人接电话：get sb. on thephone17.接通电话：get through 18.拿起听筒：pick up the phone19.跟某人通电话：speak to sb. overthe phone20.占线：the line is busy/the numberis engaged21.盖过邮戳的邮票：a used stamp 22.通知某人...:inform sb. Of sth.读后续写微技能93.多雨的季节：a rainy season4.暴风雨之夜：a stormy night5.四面受风：exposed to the four windsof heaven6.连绵不断的雨：continuous/constant rains7.在茫茫大雨中：in the blinding rain 8.深埋在雪中：be buried in snow9.难以忍受的热：unbearably hot10.在春天温暖的阳光里：in thewarm spring sunshine11.放晴了:clear up12.狂风暴雨：fierce/heavy/violentstorms13.及时雨，好雨：a timely/seasonablerain14.沐日光浴：bathe/bask in (the )sunshine15.在盛夏灼热的阳光下：under the blazing/scorching/burning sun of midsummer1.位置优越的城市：a favorablysituated city2.水下面的暗礁：a hidden rockbeneath the surface of the water3.—个偏僻的小村子：a small villageoff the map4.离海滨仅处尺之遥：within astone’s throw of the beach5.位于...最北端：be situated at thenorthern extreme of... 6.在群山环抱的村庄里：in a villageamong the hills7.朝南的房间：room facing south8.人烟稀少的农村地区：the thinypopulated rural area9.位于太平洋沿岸某处：be located somewhere on the Pacific coast。

2020届高考英语熟词生义词总结1.agree with 与……一致，协调，适合（熟义：同意）Your story agrees with what I heard．你讲的与我所听到的一致。

Long plane trips don't agree with me．我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。

2.back vt．支持（熟义：n．背）Many of his friends backed his plan．他的许多朋友支持他的计划。

3.cost vt．使失去（生命、健康等）（熟义：花费；值……）His careless driving cost him his life.(粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价)The patient's dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night．病人的危险状态使医生、护士好几夜不曾合眼。

4. cover v．走完（一段路），钱足够----之用，看完（多少页书）；涉及，包含，包括；采访，报道，占地---多少面积（熟义：覆盖）5. date A．日期B．追溯C．枣子D．约会6. depend A．依靠B．信赖C．视情况而定7. for good 永远（勿望文生义）She'll soon leave London for good．她将永远离开伦敦。

8.fall A．降雨量B．瀑布C．掉下D．秋天9.given（＝considering）prep．考虑到（熟义：被给予）Given the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation．从他的总体健康状况来看，可能手术后要一段时间才会恢复。

（2000北京春）10.home adj．本国的（熟义：家）The cars are made for the home market．这些小车生产出来在国内销售11 break n. 课间/工间休息Let’s have a break. 让我们休息一会儿。

2020;2020届高考英语二轮专题复习经典导学案资料（三十三）每日一句We haven’t contacted each other since he left the organization but fortunately I could still recognize him in a quiz show on TV without hesitation.自从他离开这个机构后我们再也没有联系了，但幸运的是我仍可以毫不犹豫地在电视智力竞赛节目里认出他。

基础词汇强化练习1.He had to go to London, wear an expensive suit and give a p______________ to a TV camera.2.Nearly everyone knows the famous s__________ “He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man”.3. Once you have made up your mind, you must s___________ to it.4. Beethoven once said he had never thought of writing for ____________(名誉).5. While learning, we should not only master some knowledge, but also improve our _____________(能力).6. It's still u___________ whether he will come or not.7. The medicine has a great e__________ on that disease.8. Many rare animals are in d___________, because they are being hunting for.9. would you please find a m__________ to sweep the floor? It’s too dirty.e your b__________, and you will have a way.1. performance2. saying3. stick4. reputation5. ability6. unknown7. effect8. danger9. mop 10. brain 书面表达经典句式强化记忆97. I want to express my gratitude to... 我要感谢…….I want to express my gratitude to my family for their support. 我要感谢我的家人给我的支持.98. I was impressed by... 我被……打动了./ ……给我留下深刻印象.I was impressed by his inspiring words, and I decided to cooperate with him.他令人鼓舞的话打动了我,我决定跟他合作.99. I wonder / was wondering if... 我想知道…….我在想是否…….1) I wonder if I could take this dictionary home. 我想知道我能否把这本字典带回家.2) I was wondering if you'd like to go to a concert tomorrow night.我在想你明天晚上是否愿意去听演唱会.书面表达经典朗读素材Mother’s D ayMother’s Day is a holiday when children honor their mothers with cards, gifts and flowers. In many countries, such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia and the US, people celebrate Mother’s Day on the second Sunday in May while many other cou ntries of the world celebrate their own Mother’s day at different times through out the year.One of the best ways to celebrate Mother’s Day is to give your mom the day off. Let her relax with the rest of the family doing all the housework. Usually, dad and the kids will let mom sleep late that morning as they go into the kitchen to prepare her favorite breakfast. Never forget to place a vase with a single flower on the table beside the food. The kids can pick up the flower from the garden or buy one from the shop. Arrange everything nicely before mom wakes up. Some families will carry the food and mom’s favorite sections from the newspaper to her bedroom so that mom can have breakfast in bed. Presents and cards from the kids can be handed to mom bythemselves or just placed on the dining table.After breakfast, go anywhere mom likes to go. Shopping, swimming or going on a picnic in the garden. Make a special Mother’s Day dinner or take mom out for a great meal in a famous restaurant she loves most.Anyway ,let mom enjoy the whole day and feel your love, and then the Mother’s Day can be a good one. As Mother’s Day is around the corner, it’s time to take actions!经典谚语积累He who does not advance loses ground. 逆水行舟，不进则退。

Ⅰ.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A(2019·福建三校高三联考)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year，according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(寿命) around the world.It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM) (颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns.These particulates can enter deep into the lungs，and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks，strokes and cancer.PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants，cars and trucks，fires，agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物).Led by Joshua Apte，the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries.They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already well­known，”said Apte.“And we all care about how long we can live.Here，we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world.What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect o n survival—on average about a year globally.”In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates，Apte said this is a big number.“For example，it's considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said.“In countries like India and China，the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.For much of Asia，if air pollution were removed as a risk for death，60­year­olds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”1．What do we know about PM 2.5 ?A．It has a bad effect on human health.B．It will be controlled in the future.C．It mainly comes from industrial emissions.D．It spreads to the world from Asian countries.2．What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?A．They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.B．They employed the research data to calculate the effect.C．They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.D．They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.3．What can be inferred from the text?A．The key to people living longer is good air quality.B．People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.C．Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.D．Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.4．What is the best title for the text?A．The way human beings enjoy a longer lifespanB．The importance of getting rid of air pollutionC．Asian people are suffering from serious air pollutionD．Air pollution reduces the lifespan by more than one year体裁：说明文题材：环境保护主题：空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。