管理信息系统第9章

第一章当今全球商业中的信息系统1.数字化企业：它和客户、供应商和员工的重要商业关系几乎完全可以借助数字化实现，通过覆盖整个企业或者连接多个企业的数字网络完成核心业务流程2.业务流程：是指组织按照时间顺序开发逻辑上相关的一系列任务和行动，以产生特定的业务结果以及组织与协调业务活动的特定方式。

3.信息技术：包括企业用以实现业务目标的所有硬件和软件，不仅包括计算机、存储设备与手持移动设备，还包括软件，如Windows或Linux操作系统、微软的桌面办公软件套装以及大公司常有的众多计算机程序。

4.信息系统：信息系统包含组织内或组织所处环境中的重要人员、地点和事情的信息。

从技术的角度看，信息系统从组织内外部收集、储存和分发信息以支持组织的各项职能与决策、沟通、协调、控制、分析以及可视化。

信息系统通过三个基本活动—输入、处理和输出，将原始数据转化为有用的信息。

从业务角度看，信息系统是应对公司面临的问题或挑战的解决方案，包含管理、技术和组织三个维度要素：信息系统的管理要素涉及领导力、战略和管理行为等方面的议题;信息系统的技术要素包括计算机硬件、软件、数据管理技术和网络通信技术(包括互联网);信息系统的组织要素涉及如组织层次、职能分工、业务流程、文化和政治利益团体等议题。

5.信息是指已被转化为对人有意义和有用的数据。

6.数据则是指尚未被整理成被人们理解和使用的形式之前的表示，即发生于组织或组织所处环境中的原始事实的符号串。

7.互补性资产：需要从基本投资获得价值的那些资产，如新商业模式、新业务流程、管理行为、组织文化或培训等1.信息系统是如何对商业进行转变的?电子邮件、网络会议、智能手机和平板电脑已成为进行商务活动的基本工具。

信息系统是快节奏供应链的基础。

互联网可以让许多企业在线采购、销售、做广告和收集客户反馈。

通过核心业务流程的数字化，并逐渐演化成数字化公司，组织都在努力试图变得更有竞争力和富有效率。

互联网让我们可以极大地降低生产、采购成本，可以在全球范围内销售产品，从而刺激全球化发展。

信息管理系统各章练习题答案标准化文件发布号：（9312-EUATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-信息管理系统各章练习题答案第1章信息时代及国家信息化本章练习题答案判断题简答题1.请简述信息时代的主要特征。

答：信息时代中，经济全球化和信息网络化已成为人类社会日益鲜明的发展趋势，其特征主要表现在三个方面：（1）微电子、计算机、软件和通信等技术快速发展；（2）信息产业已成为当今世界经济增长的主要推动力；（3）互联网和电子商务高速增长。

当然，这些特征只是表面的，信息时代的最显著的特征就是“全球信息化”。

2.简述国家推进作息化的主要任务。

答：抓紧建设国家信息基础设施；加速发展信息技术和信息产品；大力推进信息技术在国民经济各行业的应用；在统筹规划下实施信息化重大工程；为推进信息化建立良好的发展环境；推进电子商务建设。

3.简述我国推进信息化的主要特点。

答：主要特点是：以经济建设为中心，满足各行各业应用需求；为促进两个转变，为四个现代化和社会进步服务；强调信息化体系6个要素及其紧密关系；将信息资源开发利用放在核心地位；突出建立自主的信息产业；信息化建设与工业化建设并举，发挥后发优势；立足国情，先试点后推广，不搞一刀切。

4.简述说明我国国家信息化体系的6个要素。

答：我国的国家信息化体系由六个要素组成：即信息资源、信息网络、信息技术应用、信息技术和产业、信息化人才队伍、信息化政策法规和标准规范。

5.简要说明企业信息化应采取的主要措施。

答题要点：掌握信息知识；开发信息源；提高信息使用能力；用信息技术武装企业；建立管理信息系统及信息管理机构。

第2章管理、信息与系统本章练习题答案单项选择题1．A2．B3．D4．C5．A6．D7．A8．B9．C10．C填空题1．管理方法管理手段2．指挥控制3．Information4．信息敏感力信息转化力5．扩散性6．滞后性7．反馈控制8．能源时间9．接口标准化原则10．非结构化决策半结构化决策11．职能12．非结构化13．目标功能结构简答题1.简述系统分解的目的和原则答：系统分解的目的：在研究和描述系统的过程中，人们会发现所面对的系统通常都是庞大而又复杂的，一般无法通过一张图表一下子把系统所有元素之间的关系表达清楚，这时就需要按一定的原则把复杂的系统分解成若干个子系统。

第九章信息系统项目管理复习思考题及参考答案1. 简述信息系统项目管理的特点。

信息系统项目管理具有以下特点：(1) 信息系统项目的目标不精确，任务的边界模糊，各种技术指标更多地由项目组来定义。

(2) 信息系统项目客户需求不断地被激发，导致项目的进度、费用等计划不断地更改。

(3) 信息系统项目是智力密集型、劳动密集型，受人力资源影响最大，项目组成员结构、责任心、能力和稳定性对信息系统项目的质量以及是否成功有决定性的影响。

(4) 信息系统项目的生命周期包括系统规划、系统分析、系统设计、系统实施、系统运行和维护五个阶段，其各阶段间的关系密切、相互制约。

(5) 信息系统项目不是交钥匙工程，项目开发队伍通常要跟踪到系统的使用生命周期结束，因此要求项目开发队伍在较长时间保持稳定。

信息系统项目管理主要包括：项目的计划管理、成本管理、进度管理、人力资源管理及项目的质量管理。

2. 简述信息系统项目成本的组成。

信息系统项目成本的组成如图：3. 简述信息系统项目成本估计的方法。

常用的有四种成本估算方法：(1) 类比估算法：参照已完成类似项目，估算软件开发成本和工作量。

(2) 分解估算法：将项目分解成若干子系统，先估算每个子系统成本和工作量，再估算整个软件开发成本。

值得注意的是，在采用分解法估算时应考虑系统集成时需要的工作量。

(3) 周期估算法：将系统按系统生命周期分解为若干阶段分别估算，然后汇总出总工作量和成本。

(4) 经验估算法：根据实验或历史数据给出软件开发工作量或成本的经验估算公式。

4. 简述信息系统分析员的职责。

系统分析员负责确定具体的业务需求，并正确地传达给系统设计员和其他开发人员。

系统分析员应该具备丰富的相关业务领域知识，能够与企业的业务负责人员很好地交流，并明确地表达实际的业务需求。

系统分析员的工作包括下列内容：(1) 设计业务需求调查问卷。

(2) 同业务人员进行交流，明确具体业务需求。

(3) 了解企业组织结构及人员配备。

这是第八版1-9章的选择题,不出意外的话,应该没写错答案.（往后拉）如果同学想继续了解扩展模块和第九版答案的,网站是/haag.会出现这样的界面.上面一个是第九版的,最下面一个是第八版的.然后:点击这里的: student edition 就可以选你要看的章节了。

点这个multiple choice quiz,选择题就是了Chapter 11d\Which information attribute would last month's electrical bill be classified as?A) SpaceB) FormC) LocationD) Time2a\Which of the following terms is used to describe the computer-based tools used by people in an organization to support their information processing needs?A) Information TechnologyB) User SystemsC) ArtifactsD) Computer Tools3c\Which term refers to the extent of detail provided in information? For instance, some information may provide summary information while others may provide a great amount of detail.A) Information DepthB) Aggregate DataC) Information GranularityD) Data Detail4b\Which of the following is included in the organizational perspective of information?A) TimeB) FlowC) ProcessD) Form5b \Which type of technology allows you to send information from one computer to another?A) OutputB) TelecommunicationC) ConnectingD) CPU6b\Which organizational layer is responsible for developing the goals and strategies as outlined by the top-most level of management?A) Tactical managementB) Strategic managementC) Operational managementD) Nonmanagement employees7c\Which of the following is collective information about customers, competitors, business partners, competitive environments, and internal operations?A) Aggregate DataB) External KnowledgeC) Business Intelligence (BI)D) Information Granularity8a \What term is used to describe information coming into a computer that is in bad form, oris incorrect, and will improperly affect the decision-making process?A) GIGOB) Tainted dataC) Dirty informationD) Scrubbed data9 b\Which type of worker knows how and when to apply technology?A) Computer scientistB) Technology-literate knowledge workerC) Technology analystD) Computer savvy10d \Which type of software coordinates the interaction of technology devices?A) Application softwareB) Utility softwareC) RAMD) Systems softwareChapter 21d/What type of system tracks inventory and related business processes across departments and companies?A) Strategic information systemsB) Data processing systemsC) Inventory management systemsD) Supply chain management systems2c/What type of system tracks and analyzes transactions made by customers?A) Decision support systemsB) Tactical systemsC) Customer relationship management systemsD) Knowledge base systems3c/ What type of system tracks and analyzes all of the activities in the sales process?A) Customer information systemsB) Decision support systemsC) Sales force automation systemsD) Sales process management systems4a/What terms is used to identify technology that is used to support many people working together on one project?A) E-collaborationB) I-technologyC) Social networkingD) Knowledge management5b/What term is used to identify people coming together from various geographical locations to complete some task?A) I-teamB) Virtual teamC) Online work groupD) Distributed team6b/What type of Web site allows visitors to create and maintain information posted on its site?A) Open source siteB) WikiC) Knowledge construction sitesD) FTP site7c/Which person oversees an organization's entire information system?A) CTOB) CSOC) CIOD) CPO8c/Which type of system includes all technology systems and software across an organization?A) Knowledge based systemsB) Strategic information systemsC) Enterprise resource planning systemsD) Management information systems9d/What is the term used to depict aged information systems that are technologically out-of-date?A) Outdated information systemsB) Obsolete systemsC) Archaic systemsD) Legacy information systems10d/Which of the following ERP providers specialize in providing financial management, distribution, manufacturing, project accounting, human resource management, and business analytics to small-to-medium businesses?A) SAPB) Oracle/PeopleSoftC) SSA GlobalD) MicrosoftChapter 31d/Which type of database stores data in two-dimensional tables?A) NetworkB) HierarchicalC) TableD) Relational2 a/What part of the database stores information about the data?A) Data dictionaryB) Data depositoryC) Data warehouseD) Administrative data systems3a/What database key uniquely identifies a record within a table?A) Primary keyB) Foreign keyC) Secondary keyD) Relational key4b/What database key links one table to another?A) Primary keyB) Foreign keyC) Secondary keyD) Relational key5c/What are the rules called that limit how data is entered into a database?A) Data restrictionsB) ControlsC) ConstraintsD) Database checks6 d/What do you create when you need to pose a question to the database?A) InquiryB) RuleC) QuestionD) Query7 d/What type of a database is multidimensional, providing layers to tables?A) MultidimensionalB) NetworkC) HierarchicalD) Data warehouse8d/ Which of the following is a subset of a data warehouse?A) Relational databaseB) OLAPC) Intelligent AgentD) Data mart9 a/Which function in an organization plans for information resources?A) Data administrationB) Database administrationC) Knowledge ManagementD) Information Management10 b/Which function in an organization manages information resources?A) Data administrationB) Database administrationC) Knowledge ManagementD) Information ManagementChapter 41d/Which of the following systems helps you with making a decision about a non-structured problem?A) Artificial intelligenceB) Neural networkC) Genetic algorithmD) Decision support system2d/Which of the following systems would be used for geocaching?A) Neural networkB) Genetic algorithmC) Intelligent agentD) Geographical information system3 a/Which of the following systems mimics human thinking?A) Artificial intelligenceB) Intelligent agentC) BotD) Database management system4b/ Which AI system provides a diagnosis to a specific problem?A) Intelligent agentB) Expert systemC) Geographical information systemD) Data mining system5 c/Which AI system finds and identifies patterns; for instance; in the words you use?A) Expert systemB) Intelligent systemC) Neural networkD) Fuzzy logic6c/Generally, AI systems analyze imprecise and subjective information. This information is called _____.A) Blurred dataB) Inclusive informationC) Fuzzy logicD) Dirty data7 a/Which AI system will work for you to find information on the internet?A) Intelligent agentB) Neural networkC) Genetic algorithmD) Expert system8 a/Which AI system will continue to analyze a problem until it finds the best solution?A) Genetic algorithmB) Neural networkC) Intelligent agentD) Expert system9d/Which Intelligent Agent will monitor systems and report back to you when there is a problem?A) Shopping botB) Buyer agentC) Information agentD) Predictive agent10b/Which Intelligent Agent can play an Internet game on your behalf?A) Information agentB) User agentC) Predictive agentD) Game agentChapter 51b/What type of commerce is enabled by technology?A) Path-to-profitabilityB) E-commerceC) EBuyD) Internet2a/Huggies baby diapers is an example of which type of product?A) Commodity-likeB) ConvenienceC) SpecialityD) Essential3d/What term is used when the government employs technology to deal with citizens, businesses, and other government agencies?A) G2BCB) webC) consumerD) E-government4c/What group of individuals is Webkinz is designed for?A) ScreenagerB) Digital immigrantC) Pre-screenagerD) Digital native5d/What term refers to the small web page that opens automatically with an ad when you visit some web sites?A) Marketing pageB) I-adC) Affiliate adD) Pop-up ad6b/When two companies are linked together by computers and they send business transactionsthrough these computers, they are probably using _____.A) Digital walletsB) Electronic data interchangeC) B2CD) Smart cards7a/What type of technology scrambles the contents of files sent via the Internet?A) EncryptionB) Secured data interchangeC) CryptogramD) Regulated code8aWhat type of Web technology creates a secure and private connection between two computers?A) Secure socket layersB) EncryptionC) Internet-locked connectionsD) Sheltered web sites9d/What term refers to your ability to connect to the internet and your company from a wireless device?A) Net servicesB) Push technologyC) Pull technologyD) Mobile computing10a/What age group was born after the digital revolution?A) Digital nativesB) Digital immigrantsC) Digital boomersD) Web kidsChapter 61c/What is the structured approach called for developing software and information systems?A) Software designB) PrototypingC) Systems development life cycleD) Systems methodology2b/Who is the person who typically manages the software development project?A) Software engineerB) Project managerC) IT managerD) Technology director3d/In which phase of the software design and development project would you try to understand the proposed project?A) Planning phaseB) Initial phaseC) Requirements phaseD) Analysis phase4b/In which phase of the software design and development project would you build a blueprint of the proposed system?A) Analysis phaseB) Design phaseC) Requirements phaseD) Development phase5c/In which phase of the software design and development project would you build the proposed system?A) Design phaseB) Requirements phaseC) Development phaseD) Implementation phase6c/In which phase of the software design and development project would you take the newly built system and place in operations?A) Requirements phaseB) Development phaseC) Implementation phaseD) Execution phase7b/In which phase of the software design and development project would you fix errors in the newly built operating system?A) Development phaseB) Maintenance phaseC) Implementation phaseD) Execution phase8a/What term refers to the fast-paced building or construction of a software prototype?A) Rapid application development (RAD)B) Rapid agility programming (RAP)C) Speed programmingD) Express development (ED)9b/What type of software design and development methodology does Microsoft Corporation employ?A) Rapid application developmentB) Extreme programmingC) Speed programmingD) Express development10d/What term refers to the end user developing software without the assistance of IT?A) User developmentB) In-sourcingC) Self serviceD) SelfsourcingChapter 71d/What type of information systems environment reuses self-contained blocks of code in its systems?A) Modular systemsB) Block based codingC) Component programmingD) Service-oriented architecture2d/What term refers to the structure, and substructures, of an organization's information systems?A) SubsystemsB) System formationsC) IT ConfigurationsD) Infrastructure3b/When two or more computers are able to share information, what is this called?A) Shared systemsB) InteroperabilityC) Information interchangeD) Data exchange4d/When there is little or no exchange of information within an organization's information systems, we say that the systems are _____.A) independentB) autonomousC) self-sufficientD) decentralized5c/When information and processing is spread throughout the organization via a network, we say the systems are _____.A) dependentB) reliantC) distributedD) self-supporting6a/When one computer provides services to another computer, the environment is a(n) _____ infrastructure.A) Client/serverB) dependentC) reliantD) independent7d/What type of infrastructure are most enterprise applications employing?A) NetworkB) DistributedC) ComplexD) Tiered8a/When you continuously measure yourself against your peers, you are employing _____.A) benchmarkingB) balancingC) stabilityD) reliability9c/In a service-oriented architecture (SoA) philosophy, RAD and XP development methodologies focus on which of the following?A) CustomersB) Information needsC) Software developmentD) End users10d/What plan describes the details for recovery when a disaster hits an organization?A) Disaster diagramB) Disaster and revival planC) Recovery planD) Business continuity planChapter 81b/In reference to your ethical structure, how much do you identify with the person or persons who will receive the benefit or suffer the harm is called which of the following?A) ConsequencesB) RelatednessC) Likelihood of effectD) Society's opinion2a/According to the authors, which of the following influences affects your ethical decisions? A) Consequences, society's opinion, likelihood of effect, time to consequences, relatedness, and reach of resultB) Religious upbringing, educational experience, and social normsC) Family influence, education influence, and societal influenceD) Religious, educational, family and social influence3c/Which tracking program records every keystroke you make on the computer?A) ITrack/ULeadB) eFollowC) Key loggerD) Stalking software4d/What is a common medium used for thieves to steal others' identities?A) TelephoneB) Pick pocketingC) BurglaryD) Email5b/What is it called when you are rerouted from your requested internet site to another, undesired site?A) PhishingB) PharmingC) RedirectingD) Hijacking6d/What is the term that refers to an ad hidden inside software that you downloaded from an internet site?A) SpamB) PhishC) CookieD) Adware7c/What type of monitoring file is commonly used on and accepted from Internet sites?A) PhishesB) SmartwareC) CookiesD) Trojans8a/Ideally, your sense of what is ethical should tell you which of the following?A) What to doB) Who to do it toC) When to do itD) Where to do it9c/What type of software secretly collects information about you and your internet habits?A) DetectwareB) SpamC) SpywareD) Pharming10b/In an educational setting, instructors have access to and use a whole host of copyrighted materials. What allows these individuals to make use of these materials?A) Patent lawsB) Fair Use DoctrineC) Intellectual property lawsD) Higher educational boardChapter 91c/What type of internet technology sends information to you without you requesting that information?A) F2b2CB) InfowareC) PushD) Wiki2d/What is the second generation of the Web called?A) New webB) Emerging spaceC) Second lifeD) Web 2.03c/What type of web technology allows its community members to continuously change the contents on a web site?A) Intelligent botsB) Social networksC) WikiD) Blog4b/What type of web technology provides news that can automatically download right to your desktop?A) Social networkB) RSS feedC) PodcastD) Wiki5d/What type of web technology creates an online community where people can make statements and others can read and respond to those statements?A) I-JournalB) PodcastC) ASPD) Blog6d/What type of technology allows you to verbally speak with someone over the Internet?A) WikiB) Social networkC) EphoneD) VoIP7c/What kind of environment is Facebook or MySpace part of?A) WikiB) BlogC) Social networkingD) VoIP8d/What term refers to living life through technology?A) Virtual livingB) E-livingC) Virtual spaceD) E-Society9a/What 3-D environment allows you to speak to someone who is far away but, at the same time, see them as a holographic image?A) CAVEB) Virtual spaceC) E-spaceD) VoIP10c/What type of technology allows you to use your finger, eye, or voice print to secure your information resources?A) HapticsB) CavesC) BiometricsD) RFID。