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机械工程专业英语第一课机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering一、专业英语概述1. 什么是翻译：翻译就是将一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。
机械工程英语翻译就是将机械工程学科的英语原著由原作语言(source language)用译文语言(target language)忠实、准确、严谨、通顺、完整地再现出来，使人们能够借助汉语译文准确无误地了解英语机械工程著作所阐述的工程技术内容和科学理论。
机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering2. 翻译例句例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.例2. The tolerance should not be so big.例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel. 例4. Connect the black pigtail with thedog-house.例5. The importance of computer in the use of manufacturing can not be overestimated. 机械工程专业英语概述English in Mechanical Engineering例1. Control Center, Smoking Free.错误译法：控制中心，吸烟自由。
正确译法：控制中心，严禁吸烟。
例2. The tolerance should not be so big.a. 此公差不应给这么大。
（机械学）b. 忍耐力不会有这么大。
(关于人体的耐受性)c. 抗毒性不会有这么强。
（医学）例3. A dog driver stop the rotation of the wheel. 错误译法：狗驾驶员使轮子停转。
专业译法：止动器使轮子停止旋转。
机械学英语
机械学（Mechanical Engineering）涉及广泛的工程领域，涵盖机械设计、制造、材料、热力学、控制等多个方面。
以下是一些常见的机械学英语术语及其解释：
1. Mechanical Engineering - 机械工程
2. Thermodynamics - 热力学
3. Fluid Mechanics - 流体力学
4. Mechanics - 力学
5. Materials Science - 材料科学
6. Manufacturing Processes - 制造工艺
7. Control Systems - 控制系统
8. Robotics - 机器人技术
9. Kinematics - 运动学
10. Dynamics - 动力学
11. Statics - 静力学
12. Heat Transfer - 热传导
13. Machine Design - 机械设计
14. CAD/CAM - 计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造
15. Vibration Analysis - 振动分析
16. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) - 有限元分析
17. Hydraulics - 液压学
18. Pneumatics - 气动学
19. Turbomachinery - 涡轮机械
20. Engineering Drawing - 工程制图
这些术语是在机械工程领域中常见的英语专业术语，涵盖了机械工程学科的各个方面。
深入学习这些术语可以帮助理解和掌握机械工程相关的知识和技术。
机械专业介绍英语作文The field of mechanical engineering is a diverse and dynamic discipline that encompasses the design, development, and implementation of a wide range of mechanical systems and devices. As a mechanical engineering student, I have had the opportunity to delve into the intricacies of this fascinating field, and I am excited to share my insights with you.At the core of mechanical engineering is the understanding and application of fundamental principles of physics, mathematics, and materials science. Mechanical engineers utilize these principles to create innovative solutions to complex problems, ranging from the design of simple machines to the development of advanced technologies that power our modern world.One of the key aspects of mechanical engineering is the design process. Mechanical engineers are responsible for conceptualizing, designing, and optimizing the performance of mechanical systems and components. This involves the use of computer-aided design (CAD) software, finite element analysis (FEA) tools, and other advanced modeling and simulation techniques to test and refine their designs.Another crucial aspect of mechanical engineering is the manufacturing and production of mechanical systems. Mechanical engineers work closely with manufacturing teams to ensure that their designs can be effectively and efficiently produced. This may involve the selection of appropriate materials, the implementation of advanced manufacturing processes, and the development of quality control measures to ensure the reliability and durability of the final product.In addition to design and manufacturing, mechanical engineers are also involved in the operation and maintenance of mechanical systems. They may be responsible for troubleshooting and repairing equipment, optimizing system performance, and developing preventive maintenance strategies to ensure the long-term reliability and efficiency of mechanical systems.One of the most exciting aspects of mechanical engineering is the opportunity to work on a wide range of applications and industries. Mechanical engineers can be found in sectors such as aerospace, automotive, energy, healthcare, and manufacturing, among others. This diversity of applications allows mechanical engineers to apply their skills and knowledge to solve complex problems and contribute to the advancement of technology and society.As a mechanical engineering student, I have had the privilege of exploring various specializations within the field. For example, I have delved into the design and analysis of thermal systems, such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, as well as the development of advanced energy conversion technologies, such as wind turbines and solar power systems.I have also had the opportunity to work on projects that involve the design and optimization of mechanical components, such as gears, bearings, and linkages. These projects have allowed me to apply my knowledge of materials science, solid mechanics, and dynamic systems to create innovative solutions that improve the performance and reliability of mechanical systems.In addition to technical skills, mechanical engineers must also possess strong problem-solving, critical thinking, and communication abilities. Effective collaboration with cross-functional teams, including engineers from other disciplines, as well as with clients and stakeholders, is essential for the successful completion of projects.As I look to the future, I am excited about the potential of mechanical engineering to continue driving technological advancements and contributing to the betterment of our world. With the rapid pace of innovation and the growing demand forsustainable and efficient solutions, I believe that mechanical engineering will play an increasingly important role in addressing global challenges, such as climate change, energy security, and healthcare.In conclusion, the field of mechanical engineering is a dynamic and multifaceted discipline that offers a wealth of opportunities for those who are passionate about technology, innovation, and problem-solving. As a mechanical engineering student, I am proud to be part of a profession that is at the forefront of shaping the future and improving the quality of life for people around the world.。
机械专业介绍英语作文Mechanical engineering is a diverse field of study that encompasses the design, analysis, and manufacturing of mechanical systems. It plays a crucial role in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, energy, and robotics. Mechanical engineers are responsible for creating efficient and reliable products and systems, utilizing principles of physics and material science.Mechanical engineering involves a wide range of disciplines, such as thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, mechanics of materials, and dynamics. Students in this field learn how to apply scientific principles to solve real-world problems, design machines and structures, and optimize processes for maximum efficiency.Career opportunities for mechanical engineers are vast and varied. Graduates may work in research and development, manufacturing, project management, or consulting. They may be involved in designing new products, improving existing systems, or ensuring that machinery meets safety and quality standards.In conclusion, mechanical engineering is a challenging and rewarding field that offers opportunities to innovate and make a tangible impact on society through the creation of advanced technologies and solutions.中文翻译：机械工程是一个涵盖机械系统设计、分析和制造的多样化领域。
机械专业术语(英语)随着全球化的发展，现在的机械领域已经不仅仅局限于国内，国际上的交流也越来越频繁。
因此掌握机械专业术语，特别是英语机械专业术语，对于机械从业人员来说尤其重要。
下面将介绍一些机械专业术语(英语)。
1. Mechanical engineering电子工程学(英语: Mechanical Engineering )是对机械、能源、材料、力学、电气和流体等方面的知识进行应用和创新的一门学科，旨在设计、制造和控制机械设备系统。
它涉及到许多子领域，例如机械设计、材料科学和动力学，涉及到应用和研究，包括制造、能源、航空、汽车和船舶工业。
2. Dynamics动力学(英语: Dynamics)是关于物体运动与变形的研究，包括力学、运动学、弹性学、流体力学和热力学等方面。
动力学可以帮助机械工程师更好地理解和预测机械设备的运动和振荡，从而更好地设计和控制机械系统。
3. Mechanics of materials材料力学（英语：Mechanics of Materials）是研究材料受力下本质的响应和行为的力学学科。
它研究物体对于不同形式的力的响应和行为，以及材料在不同受力下的刚性、硬度和弹性等的特性。
材料力学在机械工程中应用广泛，例如在设计机械结构、选择材料和进行结构分析时都会用到材料力学的基本原理。
4. Kinematics运动学(英语: Kinematics)是研究物体运动的科学，包括物体的位置、速度和加速度等参数。
运动学可以帮助机械工程师理解和描述机械设备的运动情况，例如机械臂和机械手的运动规律，以及轮胎和发动机的转动情况等。
5. Thermodynamics热力学(英语: Thermodynamics )是研究热量和能量之间关系的学科，包括物体的温度、压力、热量和热能等参数。
热力学在机械工程中应用广泛，例如在设计发动机和制造制冷机器时都需要考虑热力学原理。
6. Strength of materials材料强度(英语:Strength of materials)是研究材料负载能力的学科，其研究对象是材料的刚度、弹性和塑性等参数。
机械专业英语词汇机械专业英语是机械工程师在学习和工作中必须掌握的一门专业语言，它涉及了机械设计、制造、测试、维修、运行等各个方面的知识和技能。
机械专业英语词汇是机械专业英语的基础，掌握了常用的机械专业英语单词和短语，才能更好地理解和表达机械相关的概念和信息。
本文旨在为机械专业的学生和工程师提供一个方便实用的机械专业英语词汇参考，帮助他们提高机械专业英语的水平和能力。
一、基本术语英文中文例句mechanical engineering 机械工程Mechanical engineering is the discipline that applies engineering, physics, engineering mathematics, and materials science principles to design, analyze, manufacture, andmaintain mechanical systems. 机械工程是应用工程学、物理学、工程数学和材料科学原理来设计、分析、制造和维护机械系统的学科。
machine tool 机床A machine tool is a machine for shaping or machining metal or other rigid materials, usuallyby cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation. 机床是一种用于加工金属或其他刚性材料的机器，通常通过切削、镗削、磨削、剪切或其他形式的变形来进行加工。
machining 机加工Machining is any of various processes in which a piece of raw material is cut into a desired final shape and size by a controlled material-removal process. 机加工是指通过控制去除原材料的过程，将原材料切割成所需的最终形状和尺寸的各种过程。
发动机构造在这门课程中，我们学习了汽车发动机的基本结构，其中以活塞往复式发动机为重点，了解到发动机中各机构系统的工作原理。
其中包括发动机机体、曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、燃油供给系统、进排气系统、润滑系统、冷却系统、汽油机点火系统、起动系统。
最后老师还给我们介绍了几种清洁燃料发动机，比如天燃气发动机、液化石油气发动机。
Engine constructionIn this course, we learned the basic structure of engine, focusing on piston reciprocating engine and learned the operating principle of its mechanism. This includes the engine body, connecting rod, valve gear, fuel supply system, air filters, lubricating system, cooling system, ignition system of gasoline engine and starter system. In addition, the teacher introduced to us several types of purified energy engines, such as natural gas engine and liquefied petroleum gas engine.汽车底盘构造这门课主要分为四个部分：传动系统、行驶系统、转向系统和制动系统、汽车车身仪表照明及附属装置。
传统系统中包括离合器、变速器与分动器、万向传动装置、驱动桥；行驶系统中包括车身、车桥和车轮、悬架装置。
Automobile chassisThis course is made up of four parts: drive system, running gear system, steering and braking system and auto-body lighting device and auxiliary device. The running gear system includes clutch, speed changer and transfer box, universal shaft coupling and drive axle. The running gear system includes body, axle and wheels, and suspension. 《电工和电子技术》这门课程分为两个部分，我们用两个学期来学习它。
机械专业英语Unit1(1-8)GD&T(Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) 几何精度设计MMC(Maximum Material Condition ) 最大实体条件LMC(Least Material Condition) 最小实体条件RFS(Regardless of Feature size) 独立原则the rule of thumb 经验方法title block 工程图明细表（标题栏）interference fit 过盈配合bilateral tolerance 双向公差unilateral tolerance 单向公差allowance 配合公差deflection 偏差、绕度ASME（American Society of Mechanical Engineers）美国机械工程协会IOS(International Origanization For Standardization ) 国际标准化组织Unit2(1-21)statics静力学 stationary systems 静态系统dynamics动力学 gear齿轮shaft轴 meshing teeth齿合传动connecting rod 连杆 remain at rest静止bearing轴承 sleeve bearing套筒轴承lever杠杆 pulley滚轮，滑轮，滚筒cam凸轮 follower传动件intensity强度 oil film油膜matter物质 mass质量volume体积 a unit volume单位体积density密度 inertia惯性weight重量 plastic塑性elastic弹性 elastic-body弹性物质particle粒子（质点） applied forces应力rigid刚体 rigid body刚体物质Newton’s Laws牛顿定律 vector矢量uniform velocity匀速 acceleration加速度moments力矩 couple力偶，力矩constraint forces约束力 free-body自由体kinematic pairs运动副 diagram图表SI unit（standard international unit）标准国际单位制Unit 3(1-9)RFS: Regardless of Feature Size 独立原则CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAD; Computer -Aided Design 计算机辅助设计CNC: Computer Numerical Control 电脑数值控制DNC: Distributed Numerical Control 分布式数值控制straight lever 直杆 case 情况、例子fulcrum 支点 effort 作用力、力applied at b 作用在b点 load 载荷lever 杠杆 in equilibrium 处于平衡态applied effort 作用力 product 乘积force -amplifying ability 力放大的能力 plier 镊子、钳子movement 运动 scissor 剪刀、（v）删去wheelbarrow 手推车 operate 运转、操作、起作用handle 手柄 function （n)功能、函数motion -multiplying 运动放大 device 装置foot treadle 脚踏板 treadle 踏板（v）开动axle 轴、车轴、轮轴 basically 基本上leverage principle 杠杆原理 radius 半径cord 绳索 wrap 缠绕、包the wheel and axle 差动滑轮 spoked wheel 辐轮screwdriver 螺丝刀 screw 螺丝钉、螺丝wheel 车轮 groove 槽、凹槽pulley 滑轮、皮带轮 bearing 轴承mechanical advantage 机械效率 bearing block 轴承座， singly 逐一地、个别地、各自地magnitude 大小 block and tackle 滑轮组tension 拉力、张力 shaft 轴Unit4(1-9)mechanism 机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧 link 连杆pivot 枢轴 flexible 柔性belt 带 rope 绳cable 揽 chain 链cams 凸轮 gear 齿轮friction wheel 摩擦轮 rigid connecting link 刚性连杆coupler耦合器；联结器 ratio 比例direct -contact 直接接触 oscillate 摆动deterioration 磨损 pure rolling 纯滚动cylinder 圆柱体 common normal 公法线load 载荷 positive drive 主动驱动profile 轮廓 conjugate profile 共轭轮廓involute 渐开线 gear teeth 齿轮轮齿base circle 基圆 contact curve 啮合曲线conjugate action 共轭运动 pitch circle 节圆equally spaced 等间距periphery 外围ellipse 椭圆形 truncate 截断Unit5(1-8)drag-link mechanism 双曲柄机构crank-rocker mechanism曲柄摇杆机构double-rocker mechanism双摇杆机构angular momentum 角动量linkage 连杆 pin connection 铰式连接joint 运动副 degrees of freedom 自由度rigid frame 刚性支撑（构架） constrained motion 运动约束mechanism 机构 drag-link mechanism 双曲柄机构crank 摇杆 quick-return 急回运动follower 从动件 dead position 死点graphic method 绘图法 analogue 模拟量extreme position 极限位置 torque 力矩self-lock clamp 自锁夹具 piston 活塞steam engine 发动机（蒸汽） curve 曲线rod 连杆 slot 槽stop 止动销 strap 带cylinder 汽缸 wrist pin 肘节销throw of crank 冲程 pump 汞Unit 6(全)flywheel惯性飞轮 rotating shaft 旋转轴moderating 减速的 force 力，强制，强作fluctuations 波动 brakes 刹车，制动系统measure 测量 moment of inertia 惯性矩，转动惯量property 属性，特性，性能 the axis of rotation 旋转轴multiple 乘 particle 微粒，粒子，质点inertia 惯性，惯量 handbook 手册，指南integral 整体，积分 calculus 微积分rim 边缘，框 a central hub 一个中心枢纽spokes 辐条，轮辐 a circular plate 一个圆形的板torque 扭转力，力矩 turning force 回转力，转动力clockwise torque 顺时针力矩 angular 角度velocity 速度，速率 inertia 惯性，惯矩reciprocating engine 往复式发动机 revolution 旋转，公转gas pressure 气压，气体压力，气体压强 cylinders 圆筒，气缸，液压油缸the connecting rod 连接杆 crankshaft 曲轴，机轴，曲柄轴crank 曲柄 rotating mechine 旋转机械torque variations 扭矩变化 a puch press 冲床sheet metal 金属片，薄板 constant-stress disk 恒定应力盘idling 空转，空档，空载 the driving motor 驱动点机downstroke 下行冲程 a spinning flywheel 一个旋转的飞轮in diameter 直径 a hydraulic system 液压系统on the trolleybuses 在无轨电车 the power lines 电源线a plain disk 一个简单的磁盘 tapered 锥形的Unit7(1-15)pitch diameters of the driving 驱动节圆直径given deflection per inch of span 给定每英寸偏转的跨度driving sheave diameter 驱动滑轮直径hypothetical development friction drives 摩擦传动small precision journal bearings 低精度径向轴承cyclical linear or angularmotion 周期性的线性或角运动multi-spindle automatic screw machines 多轴自动螺纹车床valve and injector actuation 阀和喷油器驱动friction phenomena in bearings 轴承的摩擦现象perpendicular and nonintersecting 垂直相交inclined at any arbitrary angle 在任意倾斜角度plain bearings普通轴承，滑动轴承 sliding support 滑动架timing belts 同步皮带 initial tension 初始拉伸bending moment 弯曲力矩 motor shaft 电机轴roller chain 滚子链 inverted tooth (silent) chain 倒齿链attachment points 附件点 oscillating motion 摆动运动tool slides 刀架 die design 模具设计efficient mechanisms 有效机制 indexing devices 索引设备roller chain link plates 滚子链链板 contoured periphery 波状外围轮廓线internal combustion engines 内燃 belt drive 皮带传动(gaseous lubricant气体润滑剂 partial bearing局部承压thrust bearings推力轴承 self-lubrication自润滑adjacent lubricant layers相邻的润滑剂层 metal-to-metal金属对金属间gear terminology 齿轮的术语 spur gear直齿轮，圆柱齿轮pitch circle 节圆 imaginary circle 虚圆friction rollers摩擦辊 pitch diameter节圆直径pitch radius节圆半径 pitch point节点addendum circle 齿顶圆 dedendum circle齿根圆radial distance径向距离 circular pitch齿距the circular pitches圆周齿节 meshing gears啮合齿轮diameter pitch直径节距 tooth space 齿间隙face width齿面宽 face 齿面flank 齿侧 pressure angle压力角line of action啮合线 pinion小齿轮backlash 齿隙 clearance 间隙working depth工作齿高 base circle基圆tooth thickness齿厚 fillet圆角module模块，组件 diametric point pitch 正相反的点距sheave n. 带轮 centroid n. 质心，重心span n. 中心距 sprocket n. 链轮journal n. 轴颈，杂 guide bearing 导向轴承 _)Unit8 (1-7)heat treatment 热处理 physical property 物理特性procedure 工序 soften 变软cutting 切削 toughness 韧性hardening 硬化，淬火 tempering 回火annealing 退火 quench 淬火case hardening 表面硬化（渗碳） operation 工艺warp 翘曲，扭曲 tensile strength 拉伸强度ductility 延展性 brine 盐水nitrogen 氮 ammonia 氨（水）martensite 马氏体 austenite 奥氏体ferrite 铁素体 pearlite 珠光体precipitation 沉淀 agglomeration 结块ductile 柔软的 carbide 碳化物aggregate 使聚集 nitride 渗氮carbon steels 碳钢 eutectoid 共晶体fineness 晶粒细化 cold-working 冷加工spheroidize 球化（处理） hypoeutectoid 亚共析（的）Hypereutectoid 过共析体 Cementite 渗碳体（n.）carbonitriding 碳氮共渗 carburize 渗碳（vt.）carbonaceous 含碳的 decarburize 脱碳Unit9(1-5)property 性能 serviceability 适用性conceptual 方案设计 functional 功能设计production design过程设计 liability action 责任诉讼prototype 样机 specimen 样本working model 实物模型 hardness 硬度value of yield strength屈服强度 ultimate strength 极限强度percentage elongation 延伸率 tension test 拉伸试验ductility 延展性 fracture 断裂brittle 脆性 ductile 柔性cross section 横截面 cold-work冷加工plastic deformation 塑性变形 guage length 标距pyramid 锥体 indentation 压痕biaxial 二维 triaxial三维unit10(1-14)CNC computer numerital control lathe 计算机数控车床lathe车床 machine机床machined surface加工表面 turret刀架，六角刀架turret lathe六角车床 horizontal bed水平工作台headstock床头箱 carriage托板，刀架faceplace花盘 chuck卡盘collet夹头 main spindle主轴electric motor电机 cutting tool刀具cross slide横刀架 modem turret lathe调制解调器转塔车床contour轮廓 cylindrical surface圆柱形表面cylindrical turning外圆车削 feed-motion进给运动displacement位移 stroke行程one cut一次走刀 high feed（roughing cut）粗加工low feed(finish cut)精加工 horizontal-spindle lathe水平主轴车床work-holding device工件夹紧装置 vertical-boring machine立式镗床horizontal borer卧式镗床 planing machine刨床base基座 transient surface过渡表面rack-and-pinion齿条与齿轮，齿轮齿条副 single-point tool单点刀具turning车削 facing端面车削boring镗削 radial T slot径向T型槽Unit 11(最后两段不用)Boring. 镗孔，镗削 taper锥形，锥度，逐渐变细，逐渐减少taper turning 锥形车削 bowling pin. 保龄球棒feed 供给，进给，走刀 shaped 成形的，仿形的radial. 径向的，（沿）半径的 radius半径 facing端面车削，刮削planing刨削，刨工 shaper. 牛头刨床shaping牛头刨削 grinding machine 磨床reaming 铰孔，扩孔，清除毛边 tapping 攻丝counterboring 镗孔 hobbing 滚铣，滚齿hack sawing 弓锯 broaching 拉削honing 搪磨 lapping 研磨，抛光superfinishing. 超精加工 buffing 擦光，磨光variant 变量 planer 龙门刨床drilling machine 钻床，钻机 milling machine 铣削机，铣床coolant冷却剂，冷却液 phonograph 留音机，电唱机tone arm. 唱臂，拾音器臂 reevaluation. 重新评价feedback. 反馈，成果 recycle 再循环，回收，重复利用dictate 规定，限定，确定指挥 serviceability 使用能力liability 责任，义务，赔偿责任 foot-powered 脚踏动力machine tools 机床 metal cutting. 金属切削wedge-shaped tool. 锲形工具 workpiece工件severely deformed chip 严重畸形的芯片rigidly supports 刚性支撑thickness. 厚度 operation 路径，工序geometry 部分 axis. 旋转轴turning 车削 hollow tube. 空心管uniformly varying diameter 直径均匀变化rigid 刚性 contour formed 仿形车削strationry. 固定不动 reciprocation. 往复运动relative motion 相对运动 specified. 规定geometrical. 几何 precise. 精确的ductile material 塑性材料 grinding 磨削reaming. 铰刀 fundamentaly. 基本法则Unit12(1-6)computer-aided design CAD 电脑辅助设计Initial Graphics Exchange Specification 初始图形交换规范（IGES）Product Data Exchange Specification (PDES) 产品数据交换规范mechanism 机制原理 thermal properties 热力性质dynamics 力学 geometry 几何学material properties 材料属性 manufactured 制造加工tolerances 界值容差 parameters 参数mainframes 大型主机 vibrations 振动manufacturing 制造业 horsepower 马力criteria 标准 kinematics n.(纯)运动学，(纯)运动论psi=pounds per square inch 磅/英寸 stand-alone a.(电脑外围)可独立应用的delve.穴，坑，凹地 off-the-shelf a. 成品的Unit 13(1-8)assembly 装配 scrap 废料cutting parameters 切削参数 group 存储routings 衔接 gauges 标准尺寸fixtures 大夹具 jigs 小夹具CIM 计算机集成制造 convert 转化generative approach 创生法 variant approach 派生法coding 编码 graphical图形gear tooth 直齿 timelag 滞后chamfer 倒角 slot 槽casting 铸件 payback period 回收期reinforcement 加强件 algorithms 运算法则near-net-shape 接近 sponsorship 发起Unit 14(1-9)CAM computer-aided manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAD computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计DNC direct numerical control 直接数控CNC computer numerical control 计算机数控Turning 车削 milling 铣削drilling钻削 punching冲孔clamp夹具 fixture 夹具prototype 样机 mockup 模型NC numerical control 数控 Cutting fluid 切削液magnetic tape 磁带盒 cassette 盘floppy 软磁碟 hard disk硬盘contour 零件 die sinking 开模bug-free 无故障的 sampling rate 采样率 resolution 分辨率open-loop 开环 closed-loop闭环transducers变送器 sensors 传感器counters 计数器 coordinates 协调器point-to-point点对点 contouring 轮廓leadscrews 丝杆 backlash 背隙lathes车床 milling machines铣床grinders 磨床 welding machinery 焊接机床Unit 15(1-12)continuum n.连续统一体，闭联集 labor cost 工资费用，劳动成本marketplace n.市场 stand-alone adj. 独立的low-volume 小容量的小量的 bug 缺陷错误high-volume 大量运用的，大量生产的 outset 开端开始troubleshooter 故障诊断，检修员 labor-intensive 劳动密集型void 空白空间空隙 lead time 交付周期产品设计至实际投产的时间间隔(括号里的是课文段落翻译比较可能考的)P24第三段P19第五段注意一下。
