MGT 764 Chapter 9

I NTERCULTURAL AND I NTERNATIONAL C OMMUNICATIONC HAPTER 10“Life in the 21st Century will not be ‘business as usual’.”I. The new century brings new intercultural challenges to communication at home.A. Profound population shifts in the next few decades will leave the U.S. older andfar more ethnically diverse that ever before.B. Although current population rates continue to rise, after 2025 the U.S. willexperience an all-time low growth rate because the aging baby boomers will begindying faster than new Americans are born.C. The average age of the American population is growing exponentially.D. The shape, size, and even the definition of American families has drasticallychanged over the last thirty years.E. More women are entering the workforce than at any time since the end of WorldWar II.1. Women are still paid about 75 percent of what men in comparablepositions receive.2. Working women still bear a disproportionate share of the burden of childcare and household duties.II. Cultural challenges faced abroad also affect our ability to communicate.A. Many changes have caused a new world order and thus have ignited theimportance of international business. The key to success in the globalmarketplace is understanding the culture of your suppliers, customers, andcompetitors.B. Customs and cultures abroad differ from those in the U.S., often causingunknowing Americans embarrassment, anger, and sometimes imprisonment.1. Nonverbal communication can be as much a source of misunderstandingas verbal communication.2. Being culturally sensitive is essential to your success. Failures in anoverseas business setting most frequently result from an inability tounderstand and adapt to foreign ways of thinking and acting.III. Culture is everything people have, think, and do as members of their society.A Culture is a central part of our society, our economy, and the organizations whichemploy us.B. Culture is composed of the following items:1. Material objects;2. Ideas, values, and attitudes;3. Expected patterns of behavior.C. Here are a few ideas about culture that have been shown to be true across timeand across both national and cultural boundaries:1. Culture is learned.2. Cultural is universal to human society.3. Cultural is constantly undergoing change.a. Changes due to internal forces, such as discovery, invention, andinnovation.b. Changes due to external forces, such as diffusion of innovationacross space and time, and borrowing the traits, habits, or customsof another culture.4. Some cultures move more quickly than others. Here are five factorswhich influence the rate of change as well as the kind of change a culturemay experience:a. Relative advantage;b. Compatibility;c. Complexity;d. Trialability;e. Observability.5. Culture is not value-neutral.6. Not all cultures are equally complex.7. Virtually all cultures permit the development of sub-cultures.8. Culture can influence biology and biology can influence culture.9. All cultures display ethnocentrism, or the tendency to evaluate aforeigner’s behavior by the standards of one’s own culture and to believethat one’s own culture is superior to others.IV. Cross-cultural communication skills are essential to success in the global economy. The skill set you need to sharpen your cross-cultural communication skills involves thefollowing personal capacities:A. The capacity to accept the relativity of your own knowledge and perceptions.B. The capacity to be nonjudgmental.C. A tolerance for ambiguity.D. The capacity to communicate respect for other people’s ways, their country, andtheir values without adopting or internalizing them.E. The capacity to display empathy, to be flexible, and to take turns.F. The humility to acknowledge what you do not know or understand.。

8-3
Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
Must evolve to accommodate internationalization
Should be contingency based
Must “fit” with strategy
* Global product structure * Matrix structure
8-10
Create an Export Department
Domestic functions [Finance, Production, Marketing, HRM]
• PLUS
Export Division*
8-2
Chapter Learning Goals
4. Understand the role of technology in the evolution of the networked structure; and to appreciate the role of “human networks” in achieving business goals. 5. Realize how organizational design affects manager’s job, for example, on the level and location of decision making. 6. Emphasize the role of control and monitoring systems suitable for specific situations in the firm’s international operations.

6-16
Qualitative Data Collection Design
Interview Questions
• Group Interviews • IDIs • Case Studies • Grounded Theory • Action Research • Creative Exercises
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
6-11
The Roots of Qualitative Research
Diciplines
• Psychology • Anthropology • Communication • Semiotics • Sociology • Economics
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
6-12
Qualitative Sampling Design
Purposive Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Convenience Sampling
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
6-13
Sampling Design: Qualitative Data Sources
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
6-8
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research (2 of 2)
• Engagement Exercises • Participant Preparation • Data Type and
Preparation • Data Analysis • Insights and Meaning • Research Sponsor

Soil and Water Assessment Tool User’s Manual Version 2000S.L.Neitsch, J.G.Arnold, J.R.Kiniry, R.Srinivasan, J.R.Williams, 2002Chapter 1 overview1.1 流域结构W ATERSHED CONFIGURATION✧子流域-无数量限制的HRUs（每个子流域至少有1个）-一个水塘（可选）-一块湿地（可选）✧支流/干流段（每个子流域一个）✧干流河网滞留水（围坝拦截部分）（可选）✧点源（可选）1.1.1子流域（subbasins）子流域是流域划分的第一级水平，其在流域内拥有地理位置并且在空间上与其他子流域相连接。

1.1.2 水文响应单元（HRU）HRUs是子流域内拥有特定土地利用/管理/土壤属性的部分，其为离散于整个子流域内同一土地利用/管理/土壤属性的集合，且假定不同HRU相互之间没有干扰。

HRUs的优势在于其能提高子流域内负荷预测的精度。

一般情况下，一个子流域每会有1-10个HRUs。

为了能在一个数据集内组合更多的多样化信息，一般要求生成多个具有合适数量HRUs的子流域而不是少量拥有大量HRUs的子流域。

1.1.3主河道（Reach/Main Channels）水流路线、沉积物和其他经过河段的物质在theoretical documentation section7中有描述。

1.1.4 支流（Tributary Channels）辅助性水流渠道用来区分子流域内产生的地表径流输入的渠系化水流。

附属水道的输入用来计算子流域内径流产生到汇集的时间以及径流汇集到主河道的输移损失。

辅助性水道输入定义了子流域内最长达水流路经。

对某些子流域而言，主河道可能是最长的水流路经，如果这样，辅助性水流渠道的长度就和主河道一样。

在其他子流域内，辅助性河道的长度和主河道是不同的。

1.1.5池塘、湿地和水库（Ponds/Wetlands/Reservoirs）两类水体（池塘/湿地）在每个子流域内都会有定义。