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I 非限定性动词(infinitive, -ing participle, -ed participle)一、不定式和动词-ing形式都可以直接放在句首作主语，也都适用于It 句型，区别在于适用于不同的句型：a. 不定式适用的句型为：It is n. to do: It is my dream to become a super star in the future.It takes sb. some time to do sth.: It took me three hours to fly back to my home town.It is adj. for sb. to do sth: It is important for you to make a good preparation for the coming test.It is adj. of sb. to do sth: It is very kind of you to help us solve the problem.b. 动词-ing形式适用的句型为：It is no use/ no good/ no fun/ a great pleasure/ a waste of time/ a bore, etc + doing sth:It is no use cring over the spilt milk.It is expensive/ good/ interesting/ nice/ pointless/ useless/ worthwhile, etc + doing sth.It is useless asking him for help.There is no doing: There is no saying (telling) what may happen next.含义上的不同：Compare: Smoking is prohibited here. / It is not good for you to smoke so much.To spend my summer vacation in Florida is my biggest dream these days. /Spending the summer vacation in Florida is quite a funny thing.二、通常情况下，动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式在句中可充当状语，分句的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。
一、非限定动词的基本概念1．非限定动词的种类、意义和特征非限定动词有三种：不定式（to Do或do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done）。
1）非限定动词与限定动词（谓语动词）的基本区别限定动词在句中可以单独作谓语动词，其形式要与句子的主语的人称和数取得一致。
而非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。
①He likes to sing．他喜欢唱歌。
②They like to sing．他们喜欢唱歌。
（限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制，第一句为likes，第二句为like。
非限定动词to sing 则不受这种限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。
）③The man walking in front was carrying a red flag．在前面的人打着一面红旗。
④The men walking in front were carrying red flags．在前面的人们打着红旗。
（限定词be受主语的人称和数的限制，它的形式须与主语一致。
第一句为was，第二句为were。
非限定动词walking则不受主语的限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。
）2）非限定动词短语及其复合结构非限定动词属于动词的一种形式，因此还保留着动词的某些特征：及物动词要有宾语，连系动词要有表语，可以有状语来修饰，而且有时态和语态的变化。
①He promised to Do it tonight．他答应今天晚上做。
（非谓语动词to Do 的动词性质表现在它有宾语it和状语tonisht。
）②I am sorry to have Disturbed you．我打扰了你，对不起。
（to have Disturbed是动词不定式to Disturb的完成式，说明非限定动词有时态上的变化。
）③I saw a girl Drawing a picture in the house．我看见一个女孩在那所房子里画画。
10．1．1 非限定动词的含义和种类1）非限定动词（non-finite verb）作为动词的非谓语形式，不受主语的人称和数的限制，不能在句中做谓语，这是非限定动词与限定动词（谓语动词）的主要区别。
2）非限定动词没有语法上的主语，但往往有逻辑上的主语。
例 1 Experts hope to find a solution to the problem.专家们希望能找到解决这一问题的方法。
（不定式to find…的逻辑主语是句子主语experts。
）例 2 It would be difficult for the youth to understand this.要让年轻人理解这一点是会很难的。
（不定式的逻辑主语是theyouth）3）非限定动词有三种，即不定式（infinitive），动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。
分词又有现在分词（present participle）和过去分词（past participle）两种。
10．1．2 非限定动词的性质非限定动词具有双重性质，即动词性质和非动词性质。
1）限定动词的动词性质表现在：非限定动词有时态和语态变化，有肯定与否定形式，可被状语修饰，可带宾语等。
2）非限定动词的非动词性质表现在：不定式和动名词具有名词性质，而分词具有形容词性质。
10．1．3 非限定动词的语法作用由于不定式和动名词具有名词性质，因此可在句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语和补语；另外不定式和介词+ 动名词还可做状语。
而由于分词具有形容词性质，因此可在句中做表语、定语、状语和补语，但不能做主语和宾语。
10．1．4 非限定动词短语及其复合结构由于非限定动词具有动词性质，因此可与表语、宾语、状语等修饰语连用，构成非限定动词短语，即不定式短语，动名词短语和分词短语。
非限定动词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子中的某一成分（如主语或宾语等），如10．1．1中的例1；而其本身也可以带逻辑主语，构成非限定动词复合结构，如10．1．1中的例2。
非限定动词非限定动词又叫做非谓语动词，不受主语的人称和数的限制，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独做谓语。
非限定动词有三种形式：不定式infinitive、动名词、分词participle。
非限定动词具有动词、名词、形容词和副词的某些特征。
To swim in this river is dangerous.Swimming in river is dangerous.To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.Doing is better than thinking.Lying is wrong.To read more words is necessary.It is no easy job to master a foreign language.It is necessary to remember to swithch off the light.在用it代替动名词作主语的句子中，作表语的词类通常有所限制，常常是下列词或词组：No good no use waste fun nuisance dangerous foolish interesting senseless worthwhile useless better hard niceLearning without practice is no good.It is no good learning without practice.It is a waste of time doing it.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is not fun being an actor.It is foolish behaving like that.疑问词when、where、how、what、which 等+不定式作主语时，不定式不能换成动名词。
What to do next is unknown.Where to make this experiment has not been discussed..I don’t know What to do next. 疑问词+不定式做宾语Eg.1.it’s no use ____ (go) there today.2.In a shop _____ customers.A it is important to pleaseB it is important pleasingC there is important pleasingD there is important to please3. how exciting it was _____ (listen) to the story of his adventures!4. He said how _____(answer) the question is unknown to him.5. It is our policy ___ to the outside world.A. being open upB. open upC. to open upD. to be opened upNo smoking!No parking!No spitting!The present situation is encouraging.The phenomenon is interesting.Five pages are missing.The film we saw last night is quite moving.Our main task is building our country into a modern powerful socialist one.One common way to get heat is burning fuels.If an explanation is confusing, you get confuesed.This book is interesting.I feel tired.只要求以动词不定式做宾语的常用动词：答保要打假希期（14）Promise consent guarantee pledge demand ask aim mean pretend profess wish hope expect desire设宣申负愿花力（7）Manage swear apply undertake care can afford endeavor提安同学准声敢（7）Offer arrange agree learn prepare claim dare偏威三决拒恳企（8）choose threaten determine decide resolve refuse beg seek只允许以动名词做宾语的常用动词：二允承忍不想包（12）Allow permit acknowledge admit resist endure detest dislike imagine fancy include involve建原乘三加二逃（8）Advise suggest recommend excuse pardon forgive escape evade 考避介欣练三推（8）Consider avoid mind enjoy practice defer delay postpone禁怨错打完成否（6）Forbid resent miss contemplate finish deny停提连报不禁赞（6）Stop mention keep report can’t help favor不容回忆促感冒（5）Can’t stand recollect facilitate appreciate riskShe promised to attend this meeting.Thay pledged to finish the task in time.He asked to speak to her.I hope to see you soon.Would you like to come and have a chat with me.You must endeavor to do better.She offered to help me to study English.I have arranged to see him tomorrow morning.We do not allow smoking in the classroom.He dislikes seeing her again.I suggest delaying the meeting.We first practice writing sentence.We must try to avoid repeating the errors.Would you mind opening the window?She could n’t stand having nothing to do.既可以用不定式做宾语，又可以用动名词做宾语的动词：Begin start continue cease can’t bear hate like love prefer propose understandWill you start to learn\learning?常要求以疑问词when where how whom what which whether+不定式作宾语的动词：记住忘记两明白（4）Remember forget see understand查明想知两认为（5）Find out wonder know consider think告诉说明两决定（4）Tell show decide settle讨论解释有学问（4）Discuss explain learn askDid you see him go out?要用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：两听四使四个看注意感觉在后边知帮发现有特殊宾补to be, to不删Hear listen to have make let see watch look at observe notice feel know help findI heard her sing this song.Did you notice anyone go out?He observed someone open the door.He felt them to be right.能用带to的不定式作宾补的动词：Leave cause get set force oblige 强迫drive迫使advise press敦促劝说persuade说服ask tell intend want beg expect request allow permit urge激励encourage order warn teach forbid禁止wishFind believe understand declare know consider think feel suppose judge imagine prove love like hate preferThey find the Chinese people (to be) happy.I hate you to do that.I learn to drive a car.He teaches me to drive a car.Why did you advise him to do that?Tell them not to wait any longer.Leave him to do it himself.I saw him go upstairs.I saw him going upstairs.We found him changed.You have to have your hair cut.I will have a new suit made.作定语的区别：I found an opportunity to go there.I found an opportunity of going there.What is the best way to learn English?Building materialsThe changing worldThe changed worldThe burning logThe burned logThe solution adoptedAn adopted childThe method usedThe used booksA sleeping car a sleeping childA dancing room a dancing girl不定式与分词作状语：She wept to hear the news.He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces.The bed is too small to sleep in.He wrote so carefully as to make every word clear. Heated, metal expands.。
非限定动词基本知识点非限定动词（non-finiteverb）一、定义：非限定动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制；它在句中可以用作其他句子成分。
它包括三种：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）、分词（participles）。
二、功能：主语表语宾语定语状语补语同位语√√√√√√√√√√√√√否定not加在to前面√不定式√动名词√分词三、形式：不定式主动语态一般式todo被动语态tobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词主动语态一般式doing被动语态beingdone否定not加在v-ing完成式havingdonehavingbeendone前面☆现在分词的形式等于动名词，过去分词的形式即为动词的过去分词。
☆过去分词通常则表示逻辑主语的动作已完成，或者与逻辑主语间就是被动关系，例如：gonefromhomesolong,theycouldn’trecognizetheplaceatall.（则表示动作已完成）someofthem,bornandbroughtupinvillages,hadneverseenatrain.（则表示被动）四、用法特别注意点：1、不定式①作宾补时，不带to的动词：感觉动词（feel，see，hear，watch，notice等）和使役动词（make，let，have），如：wefeltthehouseshake.iwouldhaveyouknowthatiamill.（不拎to的不定式）☆find与help之后，不定式可以拎to可不拎to。
②“for+名（代）词+不定式”结构，例如：forachildtodothatjobisn’tsuitable.it’stimeforustogo.☆在adj.+forsb.todosth.和adj.+ofsb.tosth.结构中，当形容词表示客观意义时，用for，如difficult，easy，impossible，important，hard等；当形容词表示主观意义时，用of，如nice,kind,good,bad,honest,stupid,silly,clever等。
