翻译基础--汉英长句翻译

名家谈翻译——思果：翻译要点
（六）不懂的题材，千万不要率尔翻译。至少
也要找一两本有关的书或大一些的百科全书查 一查。如果能找到专家请教一下更好。西方的 学问分门别类，每一门都极高深，得到各科通 俗的常识都不容易，不用说全部的知识了。 （七）没有绝对把握的中文字词成语不要用。 成语用得贴切，不啻锦上添花；但失之毫厘， 差之千里，用得不对，反而贻人笑柄。用时也 许觉得是神来之笔，其实仔细一查，似是而非， 或意思正相反。（申雨平、戴宁，2000）
一、名词性从句
– 1. The King declared, ― Whoever makes my daughter laugh shall marry her.‖ 国王宣称：“谁要是能把我女儿逗乐了，就可 以娶她做妻子。” – 2. It was in vain that the old lady asked her if she was aware she was speaking to Miss Pinkerton. 老太太问她明白不明白她是在对平克顿小姐说 话，但这是白费心血。 – 3. I was clear that he was going to meet Miss Carr and wanted to be alone. 很清楚，他是去看卡尔小姐了，所以要一个人 去。
A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on the part
of college graduates is the increasing trend towards big companies. Few are interested in the research fields. This is an unavoidable problem in a materialistic society, where tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered by big companies to compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. On the other hand, as many big enterprises and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate economic results and show comparatively little interest in long range research, there is a steady shift of scientists and researchers from the pure research to the applied field, where there are more jobs available with better salaries. All this has not only seriously influenced young people’s view on the choice of careers, but on education as well. Many college teachers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.
他坚持要再买一件上衣，虽然他并不用
得着。
3. He wishes to write an article that will attract public
attention the matter.
他想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这件事的注
意。 4. Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.
14. He made the sound of sympathy which comes
so readily from those who have an independent income. (后置法) 他发出了同情之声，这种同情声是那些有独立 收入的人最容易脱口而出的。 15. There has never been a man around me who wrote so many memos. (溶合法) 在我周围的人中从没有一个象他那样写过那 么多的备忘录。 16. The ambassador, who had long been interested in Asian affairs, was flattered. （前置法） 早就对亚洲事务感兴趣的那个大使，不禁受宠 若惊。
4. A principle of science tells what usually
happens under certain conditions.
科学原理告诉我们在一定条件下所会发生的事
情。 5. I replied that they had never brought up the subject in conversation.
4. She had always taken that for
granted as correct behavior, however much it went against the things you were told. 她总认为这是一种正当的行为，不管你 所听到的是怎样不同。 5. Probably he had stood there for some time, because the ash of his cigar was discovered on the ground near the gate. 他可能曾在那里站过一会儿，因为门口 地上发现了他的雪茄烟灰。
我回答说，在谈话中，他们从没有提到这个问
题。 6. She had explained that interviews were the only way to keep the case in public consciousness.
她曾解释道，接见记者是使公众不至忘却这桩
案件的唯一办法。
17. I knew that John would tell his mother, who would


probably tell Mary. (后置法) 我知道约翰准会告诉他妈妈，他妈妈多半又会说给 玛丽听。 18. He took the idea to Admiral King, who liked it and ordered a secret study made to see if it could be done. (后置法) 他把这种想法向金将军上将汇报，金将军对这想法 很感兴趣，命令进行秘密研究，看看是否可行。 19. Nevertheless, the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate.(独 立句) 不过问题还是圆满地解决了。这说明计算机很准确。 20. I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the meeting. (译成独立句) 我遇到了一个问题。当我就要出席会议时，这个问 题越发明显了。
如果译为理性认识可以不从感性认识得来，他就
是一个唯心论者。 5. Those who are in favour please hold up their hands. 如果赞成，就请举手。
四、试译下列状语从句
1. When the war started, she soon got
Exercises
名家谈翻译——思果：翻译要点
（一）翻译切不可不守纪律，没有尺寸，乱添乱减。
虽然佳译像盐化在水里，看不出痕迹，但盐总在那里， 没有添，没有减。有的翻译是“演义派”，补出很多 情节，全是原文没有的。有人随意删削，好像在编辑。 （双关语、俏皮话等有的确不可翻者例外。） （二）切不可译字，要译意，译情，译气势，译作者 用心处。记住，译者最大的敌人是译文字。 （三）切不可抱定一个英文字只有一个中文译文解释， 以不变应万变。如果你译一个英文字把认定的一个意 思写下，再和上下文一同看，觉得不大像话，你可能 错解了那字的意思，赶快细查字典。
二、试译下列定语从句
11. Those who sacrifice themselves for the people’s
cause are the real heroes of history. （前置法） 为人民事业牺牲自己的人是历史上真正的英雄。 12. He was not at ease with those who made diplomacy their profession, particularly ambassadors. （前置法） 他同那班以外交为职业的人特别是大使们合不 来。 13. The great inviolate place had the ancient permanence which the sea cannot claim. (后置法) 这块没经骚扰过的伟大地区有着自古以来永远 不变的性质，这种性质连大海都不能跟它相比。
7. The fact is that the old lady believed Rebecca to
be the meekest creature in the world. 事实是，老太太以为丽贝卡是天下最驯良的小 家伙 8. ― If I have seen farther than other man, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.‖ (Newton) ―假如我比别人望得远了一点，这是因为我已站 在巨人的肩上。”（牛顿） 9. We know the fact that bodies possess weight. 我们知道物体具有重量这个事实。 10. The meeting was to take place at a hotel, the Park Hotel on Nanjing Road. 会议在一个酒店内举行——南京路国际饭店。