2018届高考必考语法精讲之动词时态和语态(word版)复习过程
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2018高考英语动词时态和语态精讲精练在高考英语中,动词的时态和语态是重中之重,试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。
要了解几种时态的一些常规规则,答题时要研读题干,搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”,尤其要注意一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理;表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来;表示预计或规定;方位副词或介词短语放在句首,主语是名词,且全部倒装时,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作;还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。
练一练:用所给词的适当形式填空:①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.②The water will be further polluted unless some measures ________(take).③My train ________(leave) at 6:30.④A snow ________(expect) to come next week.⑤Here ________(come) the bus.⑥This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.⑦Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me.⑧He said water________(boil) at 100 ℃.考点2一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时(标志词:yesterday,just now,last year,the other day等)表示动作发生在过去,和现在毫无关系。
现在完成时(标志词:since,in the past/last years,just,recent(ly),lately,so far=up to now=up until now=by now,already,yet,several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。
专题六动词的时态与语态考点一一般现在时①If you arrive,please give me a phone call.如果你到了,请给我打电话。
②I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.我上小学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。
③Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
考点总结1.主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often,always,from time to time等时间状语。
2.表示客观规律、事实和永恒真理。
3.在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有时间:when,until,after,before,as soon as,once,the moment/the minute,the day等;条件:if,unless,provided,so/as long as等。
4.用于here,there开头的倒装句中,一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
考点二一般过去时①[2016·四川]Then,after two and a half years,the mother drove the young panda away.然后,两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。
②[2015·江苏]The real reason why prices were,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.物价过去是,现在仍然是那么高的真正原因是复杂的,短时间的讨论不可能对此问题作出令人满意的解释。
③I always got up late,and never had enough time for breakfast.我总是起床很晚,从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。
秘笈04 动词的时态和语态1. 了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态;2. 熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态;3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别,如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
一、一般现在时1. 一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。
主语是第三人称单数时,动词后面要加-s或-es。
☞They want good jobs.他们想要好的工作。
☞The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配。
☞This work does not satisfy me.这项工作我不满意。
☞Do you understand?你懂了吗?2. 一般现在时的用法①一般现在时的基本用法a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态☞He always takes a walk after supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。
☞Everyone is in high spirits now.现在大家都情绪高涨。
b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理☞The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
☞Sound travels faster through water than it does through air.声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
☞Time and tide wait for no man.时间不等人。
c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态☞This cloth feels soft.这布摸上去很软。
☞I love classical music.我喜欢古典音乐。
☞The President still seems able to find time to go fishing.看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。
d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作☞The meeting begins at 7:00.会议七点钟开始。
【知识衔接】————初高中课程解读————————初中知识回顾————一.动词的时态1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时的基本结构:当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下:①直接加-s。
如:work—works。
②以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es。
如:carry—carries; cry—cries; try—tries; study—studies。
③以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的词加-es。
如:wash—washes; teach—teaches; go—goes; pass—passes; fix—fixes。
④特殊:have—has;be→is。
(2)一般现在时的用法:①表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。
常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。
I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。
②表示普遍真理和客观事实。
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
③表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
④在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。
I'll go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空的话,我将和她去购物。
(3) 一般现在时的疑问句、否定句Do you see the bird in the tree? 你看见树上的鸟了吗?2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时的用法及标志词一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。
动词的时态和语态2018.01 Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2015·北京,22改编)—Did you enjoy the party?—Yes,We__were_treated__(treat) well by our hosts.解析:根据上下文,这里谈的是举行过的一次聚会,应该用过去时,并且“我们”是被主人招待的,所以需用一般过去时的被动语态。
句意:——你喜欢这个聚会吗?——是的,我们的主人很好地招待了我们。
2.(2015·北京,26改编)In the last few years,China__has_made__(make) great achievements in environmental protection.解析:时间状语in/over the last few years通常与现在完成时连用。
句意:在过去的几年中,中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。
3.(2015·北京,30改编)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right.I__will_call__(call) him later.解析:据第一句的时态判断,Dr. Jackson目前不在办公室,所以打电话是将来的事。
句意:——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。
——好的,我待会再给他打。
4.(2015·天津,6改编)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she__will_be_teaching__(teach) a class at that time.解析:根据题干时间状语3 o'clock this afternoon的提示可知,动作发生时间为将来;而句尾的at that time为一个特定的时间点,因此,该题强调在将来的大时间背景下的某一个特定时间点发生的事,故用将来进行时。
2018届高考必考语法精讲之动词时态和语态(w o r d版)精品文档2018 届高考必考语法精讲:动词的时态和语态语法中的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态,英语中有16 种时态。
《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项:(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时;此外还列了被动语态,并将其作为单独一项。
2015 年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61 题(语法填空)考查了动词arrive 的一般过去时arrived;第71 题(短文改错)考查了think 变为过去时thought;第75 题(短文改错)考查了被动语态,删掉been;第79 题(短文改错)考查了将动词过去时的found 变为现在时的find。
2016 年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62 题(语法填空)考查了allow 的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed;第74 题(短文改错)考查了将过去时had 变为现在时的have;77 题(短文改错)考查了将using 变为被动used。
2017 年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64 题(语法填空)考查了remove 的一般现在时的被动语态are removed;第74 题(短文改错)考查了将动词goes 变成一般过去时went。
各种时态构成表:(以do 为例)一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/does is/am/are doing has/have done has/have been doing过去did was /were doing had done had been doing将来shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing过去将来would do would be doing would have done would have been doing一、一般现在时:动词原形或第三人称单数1.构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
(1)直接加“s”:work→works,take→takes(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”:carry→carries(3)以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”:go→goes,dress→dresses,watch→watches,finish→finishes2.功能:(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作。
例如:①I have a dream.②She loves music.③Mary's parents get up very early.(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,every week,occasionally,frequently,seldom 等时间副词连用。
例如:精品文档①I always take a walk after supper.②She writes to me very often.③She is an English teacher.(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实。
例如:①The earth moves around the sun.②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.③Two and two makes four.④No man but errs.(4)表示将来发生的动作:A.在由when,after, before,as,as soon as,although,because,if,even if,in case,till,until,unless,as long as,where,whatever,wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
例如:①I'll tell her when she comes tomorrow.②Even if it rains this afternoon, I'll meet you.③Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.④I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.B.按时间表将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。
例如:①The play begins at 6:30 this evening.②When does the plane take off?③He leaves for that city next week.④According to the timetable, the train starts at 9 o’clock.二.一般过去时:动词的过去式1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。
例如:①We visited the school last spring.②I went to school by bike when I was in middle school.③China was founded in 1949.2.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
例如:①She told me she would’t go with us if it rained the next day.②They would not leave until she came back.③His girlfriend promised to marry him once he bought her a big house.三.一般将来时:shall / will + 动词原形1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如:①He will graduate from the college next year.精品文档②We shall finish our work as quickly as possible.2.将来时的其它结构。
例如:I .is/am/are going to do sth.(美国口语中常读作be gonna)①I'm going to buy a new car this fall.②He is going to sell his house.注意:be going to 与will 的对比:下列情况须用will①I will be sixteen years old next year.②It will be the 20th of August tomorrow.③When he comes, I will give him your message.II. is/am/are + to do sth.表示计划安排做某事或征求意见。
例如:①Am I to take over his work?②We are to meet at the gate.III. is/am/are about to do sth. 即将做某事。
例如:①The talk is about to begin.四.一般过去将来时:would + 动词原形1.表示过去某时之后将出现的情况,通常用于宾语从句中。
例如:①He said that they would meet me at the station.②She told me that she would come to see me.2.表示过去习惯性动作(不管什么人称都用would)。
例如:①Whenever he had time,Tom would go to see his grandma.②The old couple would go for a walk after supper.注意句型:was/were about to do sth. when……正要做某事,这时……=was/were on the point of doing sth. when……(when 引导的从句要用一般过去时)例如:①He was about to go out when the telephone rang.②I was about to go shopping when it rained.③She was on the point of having supper when the light went off.五.现在进行时:is / am / are +现在分词1.表示现在正在进行的动作。
例如:①The water is boiling. Shall I make tea?②The workers are building a new bridge across the river.2.表现阶段正进行的动作。
例如:①He is taking physics this semester.②We are preparing for our final examination this week.③Don't you think you eat too much? You're putting on weight.3.go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。
例如:①Look! The bus is coming.②The old man is seriously ill, and he is dying.③Alice is leaving for Shanghai with her mother.4.与always, forever, continually, constantly 等副词连用,表示说话人带有感情色彩:赞赏或厌恶。
例如:①He is always thinking of others.②The boy is continually making noises.③The teacher is constantly criticizing her for being late.六.过去进行时:was /were +现在分词1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
例如:①I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening.②When I arrived, they were watching TV.③They were doing housework this time last week.2.用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。