CCNP 试题

网络系统构建技术总复习一、不定项选择题1、在Windows 2003/2008 的TCP/IP 网络中，IP 地址有两种设定方法，它们分别是（B、D）。

A. 通过DHCP 和DNS 设定B. 通过DHCP 及人工指定C. 通过子网掩码和缺省网关给定D. 通过网络自动生成2、如果所在的局域网中存在DHCP服务器，那么在Windows平台下安装TCP/IP网络时，就可以（B ）A. 去掉IP 地址的设置B. 从DHCP 服务器中自动获得一个IP 地址C. 设置一个有效的固定IP 地址D. 任意设置一个IP 地址3、如果用户所安装的TCP/IP 网络与其他网络或与Internet 相连，则必须（D ）。

A. 设定DHCPB. 设置WINSC. 给定任意一个IP 地址D. 指定缺省网关4．在Windows 2003/2008 的TCP/IP 网络中，要求各个连网计算机的IP 地址在本域范围内（B ）。

A. 使用同一个IP 地址B. 惟一C. 任意设定D. 不惟一5、在设置静态ip 地址时，（A、C、D ）参数有时是可以不设置的。

（选择三项）A.网关B.子网掩码C.首选域名服务器D.备用域名服务器6、在邮件地址中，（B）表示域名。

（选择一项）A. MackenzreB. C.7、一台服务器准备作为网络的文件服务器，管理员正在对该服务器的硬盘进行规划。

如果用户希望读写速度最快，他应将硬盘规划为（ C ），如果用户希望对系统分区进行容错，他应将硬盘规划为（ D ），如果用户希望对数据进行容错，并保证较高的磁盘利用率，他应将硬盘规划为（ E ）。

A.简单卷B.跨区卷C.带区卷D.镜像卷E.RAID－5 卷8、使用域控制器来集中管理域账户，你安装域控制器必须具备以下条件（A、B ）。

（选择二项）A. 操作系统版本是Windows server 2003 或者Windows Server 2008B. 本地磁盘至少有一个NTFS分区C. 本地磁盘必须全部是NTFS分区D. 有相应的DNS服务器支持9、一位系统管理员在安装Windows Server 2003/2008 的过程中，在安装向导的网络设置页面中选择了“典型设置”，那么当服务器安装完成后将其连接到公司的网络，它的IP地址会（B ）。

第一部分填空题1、在Cisco体系的IGP协议中，RIP的A-D管理距离是，EIGRP的域内A-D管理距离是，EIGRP的域外A-D管理距离是OSPF的A-D管理距离是。

BGP 从EBGP学习到的路由学到路由的A-D管理距离是; BGP从IBGP学习到的路由学到路由的A-D管理距离是。

2、BGP的默认MED值为；其中MED越越优选被用于选路；BGP从邻居哪里学到的权重为；BGP自己本路由产生的路由（始发路由）产生权重是；BGP 的默认本地优先级为：。

3、BGP的邻居分为和。

4、OSPF在那个区域（有区域0，区域1，区域2）广播多路访问（比如以太网，没有出现外部网络），在区域0可以看到类LSA。

如果想看到2类LSA，必须在网络类型；在NSSA区域可以看到类LSA，在纯粹的NASS区域内是否有5类LSA？（回答是或者否）。

5、HSRP包括哪六种状态？6、OSPF在MA网络链路类型的HELLO报文作用？（3种）7、IPV6的本地链路地址是；本地站点地址是。

（没有/10的写法）8、在选择STP的角色（身份）有哪些？，默认STP的收敛时间为。

配置了portfast后，收敛时间会小于。

9、OSPF发送hello包的组播地址是，EIGRP组播地址是；HSRP发送hello包组播地址是；VRRP发送hello 包的组播地址是。

10、目前以太通道最多可以使用条物理线缆逻辑捆绑成一个以太通道接口？形成以太通道方式有。

11、BGP在EBGP中使用属性避免AS间的环路（确保无环），该属性属于BGP的间的环路（确保无环）必遵属性，其中还有哪两个是BGP公认必遵属性为和。

第二部分选择1、在对基于CEF的多层交换（MLS）进行排错的时候，例如解决无法到达特定的IP目标等问题，首先需要先查看哪两张表去验证错误？（）A、IP路由表和路由表B、IP路由和CEF邻接关系表C、TCAM中的IP CEF FIB和邻接关系表D、IP路由表和ARP表2、EIGRP位一个混合距离矢量协议，位一个混合距离矢量协议，在在METRIC值中使用K1-K5五个K值，默认情况下，使用K值分别是（）A、K1，K2 B K3,K4 C、K1，K5 D、K1，K3 3、OSPF中router-id能标识一台设备的身份，下面说法正确的是（）A、先选举手工配置，然后选择设备loopback地址大的，在选运行了宣告进OSPF最大的物理接口最大的地址。

CCNP:BCMSN 试题解析1CCNP:BCMSN 试题解析1-10 道试题CCNP:BCMSN 试题解析1-10 道试题1.which of the following are true of unicast ip?it can be either tcp or udpit uses a class d addressa server transmitting unicast ip does not need to know the recipient s address2.which of the following are true of remote services?they are centralized and therefore require transport across the backbone to reach the userthey are common to all usersthey are on a different vlan than the userthey are typically connected to the user via a layer 2 switching path3.which of the following is a form of out-of-band management?web-based managementconsole portlattelnet4.spanning tree protocols puts a port in one of 5 states. which of the following is true of the forwarding state?no frames are forwarded. bpdu s are heard.no frames are forwarded. no bpdu s are heard.no frames are forwarded. learning addresses.frames are forwarded. learning addresses.5.what security measures does cisco suggest in the access layer of their recommended campus architecture?route filteringcisco recommends no security measures in the access layerdevice security such as passwordsport security6.telnet access directly to a switch or router command uses what facility?slipserverasync portline7.what mechanism can be used to prevent rogue hsrp routers from asserting high priorities and becoming the active router?md5 authentication may be used in hsrp messagesplain text authentication may be used in hsrp messagesthe command standby (group_number) access-group (access_list) is used to specify the routers that may participate in an hsrp groupeach hsrp router is explicitly configured with the address of the other routers in the group using the command standby (group_number) (group_member_address)8.what command will set duplex mode on a set based switch to half?9.which of the following are true of a lan segmented with layer 2 switches?path determination is based on osi reference model layer2informationpath determination is based on osi reference model layer3 informationpath determination is based on osi reference model layer4 informationit supports multiple high-speed data exchanges10.what will a catalyst switch do with a multicast (in default configuration)?learn the correct destinationsflood the multicast frames out each port within the vlan on which it is receivedquery the igmp designated routerquery the domain to determine multicast group membership1.which of the following are true of unicast ip?it can be either tcp or udpit uses a class d addressa server transmitting unicast ip does not need to know therecipient s address2.which of the following are true of remote services?they are centralized and therefore require transport across the backbone to reach the userthey are common to all usersthey are on a different vlan than the userthey are typically connected to the user via a layer 2 switching path3.which of the following is a form of out-of-band management?web-based managementconsole portlattelnet4.spanning tree protocols puts a port in one of 5 states. which of the following is true of the forwarding state?no frames are forwarded. bpdu s are heard.no frames are forwarded. no bpdu s are heard.no frames are forwarded. learning addresses.frames are forwarded. learning addresses.5.what security measures does cisco suggest in the access layer of their recommended campus architecture?route filteringcisco recommends no security measures in the access layerdevice security such as passwordsport security6.telnet access directly to a switch or router command uses what facility?slipserverasync portline7.what mechanism can be used to prevent rogue hsrp routers from asserting high priorities and becoming the active router?md5 authentication may be used in hsrp messagesplain text authentication may be used in hsrp messagesthe command standby (group_number) access-group (access_list) is used to specify the routers that may participate in an hsrp groupeach hsrp router is explicitly configured with the address of the other routers in the group using the command standby (group_number) (group_member_address)8.what command will set duplex mode on a set based switch to half?9.which of the following are true of a lan segmented with layer 2 switches?path determination is based on osi reference model layer2 informationpath determination is based on osi reference model layer3 informationCCNP:BCMSN 试题解析1-10 道试题相关内容:。

网络系统构建技术总复习一、不定项选择题1、在Windows 2003/2008 的TCP/IP 网络中，IP 地址有两种设定方法，它们分别是（B、D）。

A. 通过DHCP 和DNS 设定B. 通过DHCP 及人工指定C. 通过子网掩码和缺省网关给定D. 通过网络自动生成2、如果所在的局域网中存在DHCP 服务器，那么在Windows 平台下安装TCP/IP网络时，就可以（B ）。

A. 去掉IP 地址的设置B. 从DHCP 服务器中自动获得一个IP 地址C. 设置一个有效的固定IP 地址D. 任意设置一个IP 地址3、如果用户所安装的TCP/IP 网络与其他网络或与Internet 相连，则必须（D ）。

A. 设定DHCPB. 设置WINSC. 给定任意一个IP 地址D. 指定缺省网关4．在Windows 2003/2008 的TCP/IP 网络中，要求各个连网计算机的IP 地址在本域范围内（ B ）。

A. 使用同一个IP 地址B. 惟一C. 任意设定D. 不惟一5、在设置静态ip地址时，（A、C、D ）参数有时是可以不设置的。

（选择三项）A. 网关B. 子网掩码C. 首选域名服务器D. 备用域名服务器6、在邮件地址mackenzre@中，（B）表示域名。

（选择一项）A. MackenzreB. C. mackenzre@7、一台服务器准备作为网络的文件服务器，管理员正在对该服务器的硬盘进行规划。

如果用户希望读写速度最快，他应将硬盘规划为（C ），如果用户希望对系统分区进行容错，他应将硬盘规划为（D ），如果用户希望对数据进行容错，并保证较高的磁盘利用率，他应将硬盘规划为（ E ）。

A. 简单卷B. 跨区卷C. 带区卷D. 镜像卷E. RAID－5卷8、使用域控制器来集中管理域账户，你安装域控制器必须具备以下条件（A、B ）。

（选择二项）A. 操作系统版本是Windows server 2003或者Windows Server 2008B. 本地磁盘至少有一个NTFS分区C. 本地磁盘必须全部是NTFS分区D. 有相应的DNS服务器支持9、一位系统管理员在安装Windows Server 2003/2008的过程中，在安装向导的网络设置页面中选择了“典型设置”，那么当服务器安装完成后将其连接到公司的网络，它的IP地址会（ B ）。

CCNP路由阶段测试题姓名：__________ 联系方式____________________答题须知1、本试题分为单项选择,多项选择题和实验题，共100分，60分为及格。

2、参加考试的学员请在指定的地点就座，不得携带与答题无关的物品，如有携带，请交给考试管理员保管。

3、参加考试的学员必须遵守考场纪律，凡以任何形式携带资料入场、偷看他人答案、交换试卷、替考或有其他类似行为的取消考试资格和考试成绩。

4、答题完毕或考试时间完毕，请将试卷交给考试管理员，不得以任何形式将试题带出考场。

5、考试的成绩将作为本次培训的成绩存档。

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊Part I 选择题部分：1.以下（）两个机制用于在距离矢量的路由协议中避免环路。

a)水平分割b)路由中毒c)划分区域d)链路状态宣告2.以下路由器A的OSPF route id 是多少（）。

Router A:loopback0 10.1.1.1E0 10.2.2.2E1 10.3.3.3S0 10.4.4.4a) 10．1．1．1b) 10．2．2．2c) 10．3．3．3d) 10．4．4．43.OSPF路由协议在广播型网络上hello时间的缺省值为（）。

a)60秒b)5秒c)10秒d)30秒4.动态路由协议按照其运行的范围（AS内或AS之间），可以分为以下（）两种。

a)距离矢量路由协议和链路状态路由协议b)有类路由协议和无类路由协议c)内部网关路由协议和外部网关路由协议d)中继协议和接入协议5.哪种路由协议支持非等代价负载均衡（）。

a)RIPb)OSPFc)IS-ISd)EIGRPe)BGP6.在OSPF的类型3的LSA信息包含以下（）信息。

a)AS外的路由信息b)一个OSPF区域内的链路状态的汇总信息c)一个OSPF区域内的IP路由的前缀，掩码，metric信息d)从ABR到ASBR的OSPF的度量值得总和7.OSPF中类型4的LSA是由谁生成的（）。

CCNA、CCNP、CCIE模拟试题1.Which of the following types of packets will be allowed entry when a serial interface's inbound access list has beenconfigured to prohibit entry for TCP and UDP ports 21, 23 and 25? (Select three options.)A. SMTPB. STPC. FTPD. TelnetE. HTTPF. POP32.One of the trainees assigned to you want to know which services use TCP. What can you tell him? (Select three options.)A. DHCPB. SMTPC. SNMPD. FTPE. HTTPF. TFTP3.Which of the following network masks would you use to reduce any wastage of IP addresses in point-to- point WAN links on a network that supports VLSM?A. /38B. /30C. /27D. /23E. /184.How would you configure a router to avoid situations such as split horizon issues hampering routing updates on a FrameRelay network?A. Configure a separate sub-interface for each PVC with a unique DLCI and subnet assigned to the subinterface.B. Configure each Frame Relay circuit as a point-to-point line to support multicast and broadcast traffic.C. Configure one sub-interface to disperse into multiple PVC connections to multiple remote router interfaces.D. Configure as many as possible sub-interfaces on the same subnet.5.With regard to ISDN, which of the following are true? (Choose all that apply.)A. Legacy DDR can use port information to define interesting traffic.B. Legacy DDR can configure multiple dialer configurations on the same interface.C. Legacy DDR can use ACLs to define interesting traffic.D. HDLC or PPP can be used to encapsulate ISDN D channel information.E. The BRI interfaces on ISDN routers with dialer profiles configured cannot belongto multiple dialer pools.F. Dialer profiles cannot use ACLs to define interesting traffic.6.Which of the following is a characteristic of link-state protocols?A. A network topology change generates an update that is broadcast to every router on the network.B. The periodic routing update interval is slightly different in each router on a subnet.C. Each router creates a routing table that only includes its directly connected neighbors.D. Link-state protocols send routing updates only when there is a change in the network topology.7.What is the term associated with synchronizing the routing tables after a topology change occurs?A. floodingB. broadcastingC. convergenceD. summarization8.Which of the following must be determined first by the router in order to route the data?A. the distance metric of the dataB. the source address of the dataC. which routing protocol is used by the dataD. whether the protocol suite of the data is active9.You are a technician at ABC. ABC has the subnet/mask of 172.29.100.0/26 set aside for small remote locations. Each location will have 5 IP devices connected tothe network.Which VLSM mask will provide the minimum number of hosts you require?A. /27B. /28C. /29D. /30E. /3110.You are a trainee technician at ABC. Your instructor shows you the following route summarization entry:192.168.134.0/22 Your instructor wants to know how many class C addresses are contained in this summarization.What would your reply be?A. 1B. 2C. 4D. 8E. 1611.Which command enables an EtherChannel bundle on a Catalyst 2900XL switch?A. Port groupB. Set port channel onC. Port etherchannel enableD. Set etherchannel port enable12.Which two statements about dynamic VLANs are true? (Choose two)A. Each switch port is assigned to a specific VLAN.B. Dynamic VLANs require a VLAN Membership Policy Server.C. Devices are in the same VLAN regardless of which port they attach to.D. Dynamic VLAN assignment are made through the command interface.13.Which statement is correct about 802.1Q trunking? (Select all that apply)A. Both switches must be in the same VTP domain.B. The encapsulation type of both ends of the trunk does not have to match.C. The native VLAN on both ends of the trunk must be VLAN 1.D. 802.1Q trunking can only be configured on a Layer 2 port.E. In 802.1Q trunking, all VLAN packets are tagged on the trunk link, except the native VLAN.14.You need to take advantage of FastEthernet ports. Which two actions avoid configuration problems that cause the port to be automatically disabled? (Choose two)A. Allow some ports in a channel to be disabled.B. Configure the ports in a channel as dynamic VLAN ports.C. Configure all ports in a channel to operate at the same speed and duplex mode.D. Assign all ports in a channel to the same VLAN or configure them as trunk ports.15.What is the cause of jitter?A. Variable queue delaysB. Packet dropsC. Transmitting too many small packetsD. Compression16.Regarding DHCP, DHCP relay and DHCP server are mutually exclusive.A. None of the choices.B. TrueC. False only for certain IOS versionD. FalseE. False only for IOS version below V1017.A LAPD Address field can be 1 or 2 bytes long.A. TrueB. FalseC. True only in the USD. True only in AsiaE. True only in Europe18.Which of the following are valid functions of the lock DTE modem attribute (Choose all that apply)?A. Disable UART.B. Enable UART.C. Locks the data speed between the computer motherboard and the RS232 port.D. Locks the data speed between the modem and the DTE device.19.Which of the following are not the valid types of ATM addresses (Choose all that apply)?A. DCCB. GCTC. BSPD. ICDE. NSAPF. AED20.Which of the following are NOT the valid types of X.25 PLP packetfields(Choose all that apply)?A. User DataB. LCIC. GFID. PTIE. None of the choices.21.You are a technician at . Your newly appointed ABC trainee wants to know what the similarities between Topology Diagrams and Network Configuration Tables are.What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)A. Both share few components.B. Both share many of the same components.C. Both define physical memory components.D. Both are used for troubleshooting.E. Both use lines and symbols to represent network components.22.You are a technician at . Your newly appointed ABC trainee wants to know what the default action for the output of debug and system error messages is.What would your reply be?A. Output goes to the remote console if logging is off.B. Output is sent to the console terminal.C. Error logging automatically invokes debug output to the designated TFTP server.D. Output configuration requires a TFTP server to write filesE. Output is written to a Syslog server.23.You are the network administrator at . ABC has a switched network.You want to control the designation of the spanning-tree root bridge in the ABC network. What should you do?A. By enabling uplink-fast on the ports of the desired switch.B. By lowering the bridge priority on the desired switch.C. By setting a lower MAC address on the designated switch.D. By raising the bridge ID on one switch.24.You are a technician at ABC. You receive a report from several ABC users who complain that they get slow responses when sending and receiving email, especially when browsing the Internet. You investigate the complaint by checking the output of a ping command issued from her computer and find that it indicates intermitted success and failures messages, when attempting to contact the email server. A tracert to the corporate Internet gateway router shows high latency and occasional time out messages.What would be the most effective troubleshooting approach if you are to determine the cause of the slow response time?A. Bottom-up approachB. Random access approachC. Divide and conquer approachD. Top-down approachE. Top-down rule-out approach25.You are a technician at . Your newly appointed ABC trainee wants to know what features make OSPF more suitable than RP in large network installations.What would your reply be? (Choose all that apply.)A. Diffusing Update AlgorithmB. No hop count limitationC. Higher routing update overheadD. Faster convergenceE. Lower routing update overhead26.You are the network administrator at ABC. You are troubleshooting a network problem. You want to trace the route to a Unix workstation that you want to reach through the Internet. However, Traceroute does not work.Currently, there is an inbound access-list applied to the serial interface on Router 1. An entry in the access-list states "access-list 101 permit tcp any any". What access-list entry may you need to be added to the access-list in order to get traceroute to work?A. access-list 101 permit udp any anyB. access-list 101 permit icmp any any time-exceeded access-list 101 permit icmp any any port-unreachableC. access-list 101 permit icmp any any time-exceeded access-list 101 permit icmp any any net-unreachableD. access-list 101 permit icmp any any echo access-list 101 permit icmp any any net-unreachableE. access-list 101 permit udp any any access-list 101 permit icmp any any protocol-unreachable27.What does the BGP backdoor command do?A. It changes the distance of an iBGP route to 20.B. It changes the distance of an eBGP route to 200.C. It changes the distance of an IGP route to 20.D. It does not effect any changes in distance of the route.E. It changes the distance of an IGRP route to 200.28.Which of the following DNS resource records is not valid?A. NSB. PTRC. MXD. FQDNE. A29.Which of the following features is provided by RIP v2 that were previously not possible with RIP v1? (Choose all that apply.)A. Classless routing and split-horizon.B. Poison reverse and updating to multicast addresses.C. Poison reverse and classless routing.D. Classless routing and updating to multicast addresses.E. Route tag and classless routing.30.Which of the following statements is valid when taking Custom Queuing into account?A. Custom queuing has the ability to restrict a particular type of traffic to agiven bandwidth not matter what is load is like on that link.B. Custom queuing looks at groups of packets from the similar source-destination pairs.C. Custom queuing will not proceed to a next queue unless the current queue is empty.D. Custom queuing can prevent one type of traffic from dominating a busy link.。

FCAPSFault Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ FConfiguration Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ CAccounting Management ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ AQuestion 2FCAPS–model defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).ITIL–framework for it profTNM–network management model is the Telecommunications Standardization Sector’s (ITU-T) Cisco lifecycle–model is often referred to as the PPDIOO modelQuestion 3EEM .IP SLA‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ CLISDM .CNA‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ GUIFTP ,TFTP,SCP‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ BackupCLI（command-line interface，命令行界面）GUI（Graphical User Interface，图形用户界面）SDM（Security Device Manager）是Cisco公司提供的全新图形化路由器管理工具；EEM（Embeded Event Manager）是Cisco IOS的嵌入式事件管理器；1)FCAPS (network maintenance model defined by the ISO)F – FaultC – ConfigA – Accounting2) What happens when running the command: logging console warnings.1-2- warning, notification, error, debugging…3- just warning logging4- warning, critical, alert, emergenciesAnswer:warning, critical, alert, emergencies(Notice this line doesn’t have the word “error”)3) what will be alternative for:ip ftp username xxxxxxip ftp password yyyyyyAnswer:ip http client username xxxxxxip http client password yyyyyy4) Network Maintenance: Choose from the list 2 network maintaining types.Answer:Structured and Interrupt Driven5) access-list 199 permit tcp host 10.1.1.1 host 172.16.1.1access-list 199 permit tcp host 172.16.1.1 host 10.1.1.1debug ip packet 199What would be the output shown on the console?Only communication between host 10.1.1.1 and host 172.16.1.16) what will happen if u configure two router as NTP server (something like that )Answer:The router will choose the best reliable server and will synchronise with it.7) The interface is up and protocol is up. When do u get these messages.%LINEPROTO‐5‐UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/14, changed state to up %LINKDOWN‐3‐SERIAL:Answer:Emergency 0 Alerts 1 Critical 2 Errors 3 Warning4Notification 5 Informational 6 Debugging 78)Serial line is up,protocol is also up?But cdp neighbor not working?Answer:Data link layer.T1:ospf authentication1.Client is unable to ping R1’s serial interface from the client.Problem was disable authentification on R1, check where authentication is not given under router ospf of R1. (use ipv4 Layer 3)conf R1 was:interface Serial0/0.12 point-to-pointip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252ip nat insideip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 TSHOOTrouter ospf 1log-adjacency-changesnetwork 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 12default-information originate alwaysconf R2 was:interface Serial0/0.12 point-to-pointip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252ip ospf authentication message-digestip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 TSHOOTAnswer: on R1 need comand in router modearea 12 authentication message-digestAns1) R1Ans2) ipv4 OSPFAns3) ip ospf authentication message-digest command must be given on s0/0/0T2:HSRP TRACKHSRP: DSW1 does not become active.conf on dw1:track 1 ip route 10.1.21.128 255.255.0.0 metric thresholdthreshold metric up 1 down 2track 10 ip route 10.2.21.128 255.255.255.0 metric thresholdthreshold metric up 63 down 64interface Vlan10ip address 10.2.1.1 255.255.255.0standby 10 ip 10.2.1.254standby 10 priority 200standby 10 preemptstandby 10 track 1 decrement 60Answer: (use IPv4 Layer 3 Topology)On dsw 1 interface vlan 10 mode run:no standby 10 track 1 decrement 60standby 10 track 10 decrement 60(ip for track command not exact for real exam)Ans1) DSW1Ans2) HSRPAns3) delete the command with track 1 and enter the command with track 10.T3:BGP NeighborProblem: R1 is not able to ping 209.65.200.226.configuration on R1:router bgp 65001no synchronizationbgp log-neighbor-changesnetwork 209.65.200.224 mask 255.255.255.252neighbor 209.56.200.226 remote-as 65002no auto-summarycheck bgp neighborship. **** show ip bgp sum****The neighbor’s address in the neighbor command is wrong under router BGP. (use ipv4 Layer 3) Answer: need change on router mode on R1 neighbor 209.65.200.226Ans1) R1Ans2) BGPAns3) delete the wrong neighbor statement and enter the correct neighbor address in the neighbor command (change 209.56.200.226 to 209.65.200.226)T4:NAT ACLClient is not able to ping the web server, but the routers can ping the server. NA T problem. (use ipv4 Layer 3)problem on R1 Nat aclAnswer:add to acl 1 permit ip 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255Ans1) R1Ans2) IP NA TAns3) under NA T access list, enter the command permit 10.2.0.0 0.0.255.255T5:R1 ACLClient is not able to ping the server. Except for R1, no one else can ping the server. (use ipv4 Layer 3)Problem:on R1 acl blocking ipacl something like this:deny 10.2.1.0deny 10.1.4.0deny 10.1.1.0Answer: add permit 209.65.200.224 0.0.0.3command to R1′s ACLAns1) R1Ans2) IPv4 Layer3 SecurityAns3) Add permit 209.65.200.224 0.0.0.3 to R1′s ACLT6: VLAN filterClient 1 is not able to ping the server. Unable to ping DSW1(Use L2 Diagram).Vlan Access map is applied on DSW1 blocking the ip address of client 10.2.1.3Ans1) DSW1Ans2) Vlan access mapAns3)No vlan filter 10T7:Port SecurityClient 1 is not able to ping the serverSituation: Unable to ping DSW1(User layer 2).On ASW1 portsecurity mac 0000.0000.0001, interface in err-disable stateAnswer:on asw1 delele portsecurity & do on interfaces shutdown, no shutdownAns1)ASW1Ans2)Port securityAns3)On fa1/0/1 and fa1/0/2 do disable port security and do shut, no shut.T8:SWItchport vlan 10Client 1 is not able to ping the serverSituation: Unable to ping DSW1 & in port channel configuratioin of ASW1 vlan 10 is not allowed. (Use L2 Diagram)On ASW1, on interfaces fa0/1, fa0/2 switchport access vlan 1Answer: on ASW1 change switchport access vlan 1 to switchport access vlan 10Ans1)ASW1Ans2)Access vlanAns3)give command: interface range fa1/0/1-/2 switchport access vlan 10T9:Switchport trunk.cant ping to web server 209.65.200.241Situation: Unable to ping DSW1 & in port channel configuratioin of ASW1 vlan 10 is not allowed. (Use L2 Diagram)question was about EtherChanelclient can’t obtain ip address(169.x.x.x)on ASW1 trunks allow vlan 20,200Answ: on port channel 13, 23 disables all vlans and give switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,200 Ans1)ASW1Ans2)Switch to switch connectivityAns3)int range portchannel13,portchannel23switchport trunk allowed vlan noneswitchport trunl allowed vlan 10,200T10:Eigrp asClient 1 is not able to ping the serverSituation: Unable to ping R4 fast ethernet port from dsw1.Check ip eigrp neighbors from DSW1 you will not see R4 as neighbor.(use ipv4 Layer 3)On DSW1 & DWS2 the EIGRP AS number is 10 (router eigrp 10) but on R4 it is 1 (router eigrp 1)Answ: change router AS on R4 from 1 to 10Ans1) R4Ans2) IP4 EIGRPAns3) Change eigrp AS number from 1 to 10T11:eitrp to ospfClient 1 is not able to ping the serverSituation: Unable to ping serial interface of R4 from the clients.On R4 in router eigrp:redistribute ospf 1 route-map EIGRP_to_OSPFBUT route-map was named:route-map EIGRP->OSPFAnswer:change in router eigrp router-map nameAns1) R4Ans2) route redistributionAns3) change the name of the route-map under the router EIGRP or router OSPF process from ‘to’to ‘->’.T12:IPV6 ospfIPV6 loopback of R2 cannot be pinged from DSW1’s loopback.Situation: ipv6 ospf was not enabled on R2’s serial interface connecting to R3. (use ipv6 Layer 3) Answer:interface configuration mode:ipv6 ospf 6 area 12Ans1) R2Ans2) IPV6 ospfAns3) on the serial interface of R2, enter the command ipv6 ospf 6 area 0 (make sure to check the IPV6 topology before choose Answer 3 because the options look similar)Device Error DescriptionASW11. Access port not in VLAN 102. Port Channel not allowing VLAN 103. Port SecurityDSW1 1. HSRP track 102. VLAN filterR1 1. Wrong IP of BGP neighbor2. NAT – Access list3. Redistribute access-listR2 1. IPv6: enable OSPF2. OSPF AuthenticationR4 1. EIGRP – wrong AS2. Redistribute (“to” & -> )1、access vlan的vlan 给错了2、port-security导致端口被errdisable3、V ACL4、EIGRP的AS号配置错误5、OSPF的authentication有问题，6、OSPF到EIGRP的redistribut的route-map名字写过了7、NA T的inside pool没有包含client的网段8、BGP的neighbor ip写错了，209.65.200.226写成了209.56.200.2269、到ISP的出接口的ACL少了一条permit10、其中一台接入交换机的Trunk allowed的VLAN少了VLAN 1011、HSRP的track语句指定有问题12、IPV6,R2的其中一个接口没有enable IPV6 OSPF。

原创CCNP教学和案例分解测试题原创CCNP教学和案例分解测试题1.【单选题】5分| TCP是一个面向连接的协议，它提供连接的功能是__的。

A 全双工B 半双工C 单工D 单方向2.【单选题】5分| TCP采用___技术来实现可靠数据流的传送。

A 超时重传B 肯定确认（捎带一个分组的序号）C 超时重传和肯定确认(捎带一个分组的序号)D 丢失重传和重复确认3.【单选题】5分| 路由信息协议RIP是内部网关协议IGP中使用得最广泛的一种基于___的协议。

A 链路状态路由算法B 距离矢量路由算法C 集中式路由算法D 固定路由算法4.【单选题】5分| 基于TCP/IP的互联网服务中，IP协议提供主机之间的___分组传输服务。

A 可靠的面向连接的B 不可靠的面向连接的C 可靠的无连接的D 不可靠的无连接的5.【多选题】5分| 下面哪些是距离向量路由协议A IGRPB RTMPC IS-ISD OSPF6.【单选题】5分| 按先后顺序排列下面的OSPF状态：A.ExStartB.FullC.InitD.Two-wayA CDABB CDBAC BACDD ABDC7.【多选题】5分| 下面哪些协议缺省使用部分更新？A RIPV2B IGRPC EIGRPD OSPF8.【单选题】5分| 下面哪一个不是体系化路由的优点A SPF计算频率被降低B 更小的路由表C LSA开销被减小D 链路状态数据库条目被增加9.【多选题】5分| 缺省的，与下面哪些路由相比，路由器更优选静态路由A 直接连接的路由B BGP路由C EIGRP路由D OSPF路由10.【单选题】5分| 下面哪句话对虚拟链路来说是不正确的？A 他们必须在拥有相同区域的两台路由器之间被建立B 连接虚拟链路的两台路由器之一必须还连接到区域0C 他们被用于两台主干区域路由器D 他们被用链路伙伴的路由器ID来配置11.【单选题】5分| 下面哪些是EIGRP的特点A 它是专有协议B 它使用Dijsktra算法来发现无环路路由C 它使用DUAL来发现无环路路由D 它不支持VLSM12.【单选题】5分| EIGRP使用下面哪个多播地址来发送路由信息？A 224.0.0.5B 224.0.0.6C 224.0.0.9D 224.0.0.1013.【单选题】5分| 在OSI的7层模型中，主要功能是提供端到端的透明数据运输服务、差错控制和流量控制的层次为（）A 物理层B 数据链路层C 运输层D 网络层14.【单选题】5分| 下面哪个IP多播地址被用于将数据流发送给所有OSPF路由器A 224.0.0.1B 224.0.0.5C 224.0.0.6D 224.0.0.915.【单选题】5分| 下面那种路由器类型可以输入外部路由信息？A 内部路由器B 主干路由器C ABRD ASBR16.【多选题】5分| 下面哪些条语句对于EIGRP路由归纳来说是正确的？A EIGRP不归纳路由B EIGRP在缺省情况下自动进行路由归纳C EIGRP不允许为路由归纳使用CIDR前缀D EIGRP允许管理员为归纳定义CIDR前缀17.【单选题】5分| 下面那种区域类型可以接收和扩散类型5LSA?A 主干区域B NSSAC 末节区域D 完全末节区域18.【单选题】5分| 哪个特性允许EIGRP的运行独立于任何被路由选择协议A DUALB CIDRC PDMD FSM19.【单选题】5分| 下面哪条语句对于一条EIGRP路由来说正确的？A 一条路由只可以有一个后继路由器和一个可行后继路由器B 一条路由可以有多个后继路由但只有一个可行后继路由器C 一条路由只可以有一个后继路由器但可以有多个可行后继路由器D 一条路由可以有多个后继路由器和多个可行后继路由器20.【单选题】5分| 如果一条后继路由失去了，且找不到可行后继路由，这时一台EIGRP路由器将会做什么？A 关机B 将该路由置为消极状态C 将该路由置为活跃状态D 发送FSM探索包来发现新的路由。

复习内容：1.VLAN2.VLAN TRUNK3.VTP4.STP试验内容：1.vlan在sw的使用2.trunk的几种模式协商3.以太通道的基本配置。

4.vtp的配置。

5.vtp修剪。

6.stp基本配置。

7.如何通过参数修改stp的选举。

8.stp的负载均衡。

、生成数协议依次用BPDU中的（）域来确定到根网桥的最佳路径。

（选择一项）A.网桥ID、端口ID、路径成本B.端口ID、网桥ID、路径成本C.网桥ID、路径成本、端口IDD.路径成本、网桥ID、端口ID、以下（）不是可用的生成树模式。

（选择一项）A.CSTB.CST+C.PVSTD.PVST+、以太网使用（）的通讯模式来把数据发送到网络中部分节点。

（选择一项）A.组播B.广播C.单播D.以上都不对、虚拟局域网中继协议（VTP）提供（）。

（选择一项）A.在中继链路上表示多个虚拟局域网的方法B.虚拟局域网安全C.从管理站监视虚拟局域网的方法D.在一台交换机上对整个企业网内交换机配置虚拟局域网的方法、如果VTP域内有4台Cisco交换机，最少需要配置（）条中继链路，最少有（）个VTP客户端。

（选择一项）A.3 1B.2 2C.3 0D.4 4、透明网桥在转发数据帧时，对数据帧的处理是（）。

（选择一项）A.不作修改B.修改源地址C.修改目标地址D.根据目的网段类型适当修改、CISCO 2950交换机上最大时间（Max Age）的缺省值为（）。

（选择一项）A.10SB.15SC.20SD.30S、在稳定的STP环境中，被阻塞的端口对BPDU的处理是（）。

（选择一项）A.发送接收BPDUB.不发送不接收BPDUC.只发送不接收BPDUD.只接收不发送BPDU、在现代企业网络中一般在（）中使用上行速链路。

（选择一项）A.核心层B.汇聚层C.接入层D.都不可以使用、一般来说交换机工作在（）层，路由器工作在（）层。

（选择一项）A. 2 4B. 3 2C. 1 3D.2 3、在基于IOS的交换机上，端口ID的默认优先级是多少（）。

唐钢集团CCNP课程培训测试题姓名：成绩：一、选择题：（单选，共20题，每题4分）1．如下图所示，拓扑表中，数字3011840 和3128695 代表什么？-------------------------（）A．应用于该路由器EIGRP 路由的路由度量B．路由信息来源的可信度C．到目的网络的跳数和带宽的复合度量D．由EIGRP 邻居通告的网络总度量2．请参见图示。

该公司在编号为10 的自治系统中使用EIGRP。

路由器A 和路由器B 所连接网络上的主机能够相互ping 通。

但是，192.168.3.0 网络上的用户无法访问192.168.1.32 网络上的用户。

此问题最可能的原因是什么？---------------------------------------------------（）A启用了无类IP，从而导致数据包被丢弃。

B路由器C 上未使用network 192.168.1.32 命令。

C没有将路由器配置在相同的EIGRP 路由域中。

D网络自动总结导致各子网的路由被丢弃。

3．请参见图示。

网络192.168.0.0/28 断开。

Router2 会立即向Router1 和Router3 发送什么类型的数据包？---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------（）A查询网络192.168.0.0/28 的查询数据包B到224.0.0.9 的确认数据包C发送到255.255.255.255 的更新数据包D包含R2 新路由表的数据包发送到192.168.1.1 和192.168.2.1 的单播更新数据包4．请参见图示。

所有接口都已配置为如图所示的带宽。

假设所有路由器都是使用默认的EIGRP 配置作为路由协议，那么从172.16.1.0/16 网络发往192.168.200.0/24 网络的数据包会采用哪一条路径？--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------（）A. A-B-EB. A-C-EC. A-D-ED.数据包会在A、B、E 和A、C、E 路径之间实施负载均衡。

CCNP最新模拟考试题6.You are troubleshooting BGP on your routers. You must check of a particular router is a route reflector or not. Which IOS command should you useA. show bgp neighborB. show running-configC. show route-reflectorD. show route-reflector-client7.You must redistribute BGP routes into an IGP protocol, for example OSPF or EIGRP.What should you take into nsiderationA. IGPs are limited to 250 routesB. A full BGP routing table may contain 100,000+ routesC. Because of possible routing loops, Cisco router configuration does not allow BGP routes to be restributed into an IGP.D. Because BGP routes are not advertised unless they are known by the IGP, Cisco automatically redistributes routes into GPs.8.Your r9.You are configuring your OSPF router network. You separate a large area into multiple smaller areas. What is phrase used for this actionA. interior areasB. OSPF subareaC. link-state protocolD. hierarchical routing10.You are troubleshooting one OSPF router. In particular you want to identify which networks are routed by a given OSPF process. What IOS command should you useA. show ospfB. show ip routeC. show ip protocolsD. show ip ospf database-BCMSN11.Which of the following items should be an integral part of a network topology diagram (Choose all that apply.)A. Individual end user systems.B. Location of configuration files.C. Illustrations of each network device.D. Representations of logical and physical connections.E. Speed and duplex of individual switch ports.12.There are three destinations to which the Cisco router logging process can distribute error messages. What are these three destinations (Choose all that apply.)A. Message directoryB. External syslog serverC. Logging bufferD. Terminal linesE. History fileF. Configuration file13.Which command would you utilise if you want to determine if a problem resides in the first four layers of the OSI networking modelA. arp CaB. show ip interfaceC. telnetD. ping14.Which of the following captures the speed of switching and scalability of routingA. Layer 3 switchingB. Fast switchingC. Layer 2 routingD. Process routing15.Which of the following features of VLAN maps do not contain a match clauseA. Implicit deny feature at end of list.B. Implicit deny feature at start of list.C. Implicit forward feature at end of listD. Implicit forward feature at start of list.- BCRAN16.You are troubleshooting an ISDN PRI connection a Cisco 3600 router. You are interested in the active Layer 3 sessions. In particular, you are interested in the call-type and B channel used.What command should you use at the CLI to display the required informationA. debug dialerB. show isdn statusC. show dialer-groupD. show dialer interface17.As the senior network technician you must decide which Cisco security server is sufficient for your company. The requirement is that it should provide AAA capabilities.What would your recommendation beA. A CiscoSecure AIXB. A CiscoSecure PIXC. A CiscoSecure ACSD. A CiscoSecure Policy Manager18.A company wants to connect its US office via ISDN to its European Headquarters. The US office orders a T1 connectionto accommodate the voice and data requirements. Which type of line should be ordered for the European OfficeA. E1B. T1C. DS0D. OC-1E. STM-019.You want to enable auditing of all privileged mode access CLI commands on your Cisco 2501 router.What should you useA. ip audit enableB. aaa accounting enable 15C. aaa accounting command 15D. aaa accounting enable priv20.You are required to configure CHAP authentication on an interface. What should you use at the CLIA. chap authenticationB. authentication chapC. ppp chap authenticationD. ppp authentication chap- CIT21.What command will you use to enable the forwarding packets that has no default route to the best possible supernet routeA. ip split-horizonB. ip redirectsC. ip proxy-arpD. ip classless22.What is the command that will display system messages indicating the existence of duplicate IP addresses on network devicesA.show loggingB. show IP protocolC. show interfacesD. show IP routing23.What is the proper schedule that should be used in the maintenance of Network Topology Diagrams and Network Configuration TablesA. At the end of the year.B. Before making any changes.C. At the end of the day.D. At the time changes are applied.E. At the end of the month.24.The show ppp multilink command provides the following information:A. Bundle nameB. Bundle flapping recordC. Bundle idle time outD. Bundle disconnect reason25.Which of the following statements regarding EIGRP are true (Choose all that apply.)A. EIGRP routers maintain en EIGRP Neighbor Table and an EIGRP Topology table.B. EIGRP triggered updates are flooded to every EIGRP router within the EIGRP AS.C. An EIGRP route will be in the active state if it lost the successor and no feasible successor is available.D. On Ethernet (Broadcast) networks, EIGRP routers only establish adjacencies with the DR and BDR.。

ccnp测试题及答案1. 在CCNP认证中，关于VLAN的以下哪个说法是正确的？A. VLAN是将交换机端口划分为多个广播域B. VLAN是将路由器端口划分为多个广播域C. VLAN是将无线接入点划分为多个广播域D. VLAN是将服务器划分为多个广播域答案：A2. 在Cisco网络设备中，哪个命令用于创建一个新的VLAN？A. `switchport mode access`B. `switchport mode trunk`C. `vlan database`D. `configure terminal`答案：C3. 以下哪个协议用于在不同VLAN之间路由？A. EIGRPB. OSPFC. RIPD. VTP答案：A4. 在Cisco设备上，如何将接口配置为Trunk模式？A. `switchport mode access`B. `switchport mode trunk`C. `interface vlan 1`D. `interface fastethernet 0/1`答案：B5. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看VLAN信息？A. `show vlan`B. `show interfaces`C. `show ip interface brief`D. `show running-config`答案：A6. 在CCNP考试中，关于EIGRP协议的以下哪个说法是错误的？A. EIGRP是一个距离矢量路由协议B. EIGRP使用DUAL算法计算最短路径C. EIGRP支持VLSM和CIDRD. EIGRP仅在Cisco设备上可用答案：D7. 在Cisco设备上，如何配置EIGRP的自动汇总？A. `router eigrp 100`B. `no auto-summary`C. `ip summary-address eigrp 100 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0`D. `metric weights 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1`答案：C8. 以下哪个命令用于在Cisco设备上查看EIGRP邻居？A. `show ip eigrp neighbors`B. `show ip ospf neighbors`C. `show ip rip neighbors`D. `show ip eigrp interface`答案：A9. 在CCNP考试中，关于OSPF协议的以下哪个说法是正确的？A. OSPF仅在Cisco设备上可用B. OSPF使用RIP算法计算最短路径C. OSPF支持VLSM和CIDRD. OSPF使用广播来发现邻居答案：C10. 在Cisco设备上，如何配置OSPF的Hello和Dead间隔？A. `ip ospf hello-interval 10`B. `ip ospf dead-interval 40`C. `timers 10 40`D. `ospf hello-interval 10 dead-interval 40`答案：C结束语：以上是CCNP测试题及答案，希望对您的学习和准备有所帮助。

CCNP认证⽔平测试题CCNP思科⽹络认证⼯程师培训班考核单位: 姓名：分数：⼀、填空题（每空1分，共8分）1、B GP属于协议？2、B GP将协议⽤作其传输层协议？BGP使⽤端⼝？3、B GP运⾏在同⼀个⾃治系统中的路由器之间时被称为，BGP运⾏在不同⾃治系统中的路由器之间时被称为。

4、在命令show ipbgp的输出中，>意味着。

5、B GP命令neighbor和network之间的不同是前者告诉BGP ，后者指出。

⼆、单选选择题（每题1.5分，共48分）1、下⾯哪项正确地描述了EIGRP拓扑表？( )A 、它是使⽤收到的Hello分组填充的B 、它包含获悉的前往⽬的地的所有路由C 、它只包含前往⽬的地的最佳路由2、默认情况下，EIGRP使⽤哪种⾝份验证⽅式？( )A 、简单密码B 、MD5C 、⽆D 、IPSec3、下列哪⼀项不是链路状态路由协议的特征？( )A 、能够对⽹络变化做出快速反应B 、每隔30分钟⼴播⼀次C 、⽹络发⽣变化时发送触发更新D 、以较长的间隔（如每隔30分钟）发送定期更新，这被称为链路状态刷新4、为确保⽹络中所有路由器做出⼀致的路由决策，每台路由器都存储除下列哪项外的所有内容？( )A 、直接相连的邻接路由器B 、⽹络中或区域中的所有路由器以及它连接的⽹络C 、前往每个⽬的地的最佳路径D 、使⽤的路由协议的版本5、下列哪项不是OSPF区域的特征？( b )A 、减少了路由表条⽬B 、必须采⽤扁平的⽹络设计C 、将拓扑变化的影响限制在区域内D 、详细的LSA扩散到区域边界为⽌6、2类OSPF分组是什么？( )A 、数据库描述（DBD），⽤于检查路由器之间的数据库是否同步B 、链路状态请求（LSR），⽤于向其他路由器请求特定的链路状态记录C 、链路状态更新（LSU），⽤于发送被请求的链路状态记录D 、链路状态确认（LSAck），⽤于确认其他类型的分组7、下列哪种有关Hello间隔和失效间隔的说法是正确的？( )A 、邻接路由器的这些定时器值可以不同，因为将使⽤最⼩的值B 、邻接路由器的这些定时器值可以不同，因为将使⽤最⼤的值C 、邻接路由器的这些定时器值可以不同，因为邻接路由器将协商这些值D 、邻接路由器的这些定时器值必须相同8、下列哪个IP地址⽤于将更新后的LSA条⽬发送给OSPF DR和BDR？( )A 、单播地址224.0.0.5B 、单播地址224.0.0.6C 、多播地址224.0.0.5D 、多播地址224.0.0.69、为确保数据库的准确性，OSPF每隔多长时间刷新每条LSA记录？( )A 、60分钟B 、30分钟C 、60秒钟D 、30秒钟10、为实现OSPF路由选择，不需要下⾯哪项信息？( )A 、给路由器接⼝配置的IP地址B 、要使⽤的OSPF进程号C 、路由器所属的区域11、下列哪项不是指定OSPF路由器ID（⼀个唯⼀的IP地址）的⽅式？( )A 、使⽤最⼤的物理接⼝IP地址B 、使⽤最⼩的物理接⼝IP地址C 、环回接⼝的IP地址D 、命令router-id12、下⾯哪项正确地描述了邻接关系？( )A 、位于同⼀个物理⽹络的路由器之间B 、位于不同OSPF区域中的路由器之间C 、路由器与另⼀个⽹络的DR和BDR之间D 、⾻⼲DR和中转BDR之间13、下⾯哪种有关OSPF DR/BDR选举的说法不正确？( )A 、优先级最⾼的路由器为DRB 、优先级次⾼的路由器为BDRC 、如果所有路由器的优先级皆为默认值，则RID最⼩的路由器为DRD 、优先级为0的路由器不能成为DR或BDR14、哪种提⽰符表⽰⽤户正处在Cisco IOS软件的VLAN数据库配置模式中？( )A 、Switch#B 、Switch(vlan)#C 、Switch(config)#D 、Switch(config-vlan)#15、哪种交换机端⼝能够忽略DTP的配置，⽽⽆条件地将交换机端⼝设置为Access模式？( )A 、接⼊（Access）B 、⾮协商（Nonegotiage）C 、动态⾃动（Dynamic auto）D 、动态企望（Dynamic desirable）16、 ISL封装帧的FCS中包含哪种信息？( )A 、CRC计算B 、报头计算C 、ASIC计算D 、协议⽆关17、 802.1Q使⽤的是内部标记机制，这个标记会被插在哪个字段之后？( )A 、类型（Type）B 、SAC 、数据（Data）D 、CRC18、哪条命令能够在Cisco IOS软件中正确地将端⼝配置为ISL封装？( )A 、Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk islB 、Switch(config-if)#switchport mode encapsulation islC 、Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation islD 、Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk encapsulation isl19、哪条命令能够正确地将Native VLAN设置为VLAN 5？( )A 、switchport native vlan 5B 、switchport trunk native 5C 、switchport native trunk vlan 5D 、switchport trunk native vlan 520、 Catalyst交换机默认的VTP模式是什么？( )A 、客户端（Client）模式B 、Access模式C 、服务器（Server）模式D 、透明（Transparent）模式21、在完成VTP配置之后，哪条命令能够验证VTP的配置？( )A 、show vtp statusB 、show vtp countersC 、show vtp statisticsD 、show vtp status counters22、在下列哪种情况下，管理员在多层交换机上配置SVI必须使⽤命令ip routing？( )A 、当SVI正在为某个给定的VLAN提供通往交换机的IP连接时B 、当管理员需要将SVI配置为⼆层EhterChannel的⼀个成员接⼝时C 、在管理员没有使⽤EIGRP作为路由协议时D 、当SVI正在为分配给它的VLAN提供三层IP转发服务时E 、永远不需要配置这条命令，因为多层交换机默认就启⽤了IP路由选择功能23、如何将多层交换机上的端⼝配置为路由端⼝？( )A 、在这个端⼝上配置IP地址和⼦⽹掩码B 、使⽤命令switchport mode routed进⾏配置C 、在这个交换机端⼝上清除⼆层交换功能D 、使⽤命令no swichport mode进⾏配置24、在基于Cisco IOS软件的交换机上，下列哪条命令可⽤于将接⼝从三层接⼝变更为⼆层接⼝？( )A 、switchport mode accessB 、ip routingC 、switchportD 、switchport mode trunk25、在Catalyst交换机上，下列哪条Cisco IOS命令能够启⽤IP路由选择特性？( )A 、ip routingB 、interface vlan-idC 、ip address n.n.n.n maskD 、router ip_routing_protocol26、下列哪⼀项不是Catalyst交换机上推荐的管理安全性配置？( )A 、使⽤SSH，禁⽤Telnet服务B 、禁⽤不必要和未使⽤的服务，⽐如MOP或代理ARPC 、配置ACL来限制只有特定⽤户能够管理⽹络设备D 、禁⽤交换机的远程访问功能E、按照策略为特定类型的流量限制特定的带宽参数F 、在物理上防⽌⽤户从控制台（console）端⼝访问设备27、下列哪个命令使Catalyst交换机启⽤AAA安全配置？( )A 、ppp authentication chapB 、aaa new-modelC 、aaa authentication login default group RADIUSD 、username name password password28、下列哪⼀项不是802.1X所⽀持的端⼝授权状态？( )A 、Force-authorize（强制授权）B 、Force-unauthorized（强制未授权）C 、Auto（⾃动）D 、Desirable（需要）29、下列哪个特性阻⽌了MAC地址欺骗？( )A 、端⼝安全B 、DHCP侦听C 、IGMP侦听D 、MAC通告30、 48．下列哪类ACL可以应⽤到⼆层端⼝上？（选择所有可应⽤的选项）( )A 、路由器ACLB 、QACLC 、PACLD 、VACLE 、以上所有31、已默认计时器为例使⽤HSRP时，备⽤路由器需多长时间才民能检测到活跃路由器的失效情况( )A 、15秒B 、3秒C 、10秒D 、9秒E 、<1秒32、 VRRP主⽤路由器的默认公告计时器是多长时间？( a )A 、3秒B 、1秒C 、10秒D 、2秒E 、以上都不对三、多项选择题（每题2分，共12分）1、下⾯哪两种有关通告距离（AD）和可⾏距离（FD）的说法是正确的？( )A 、AD是邻居路由器前往特定⽹络的EIGRP度量值B 、AD是当前路由器前往特定⽹络的EIGRP度量值C 、FD是当前路由器前往特定⽹络的EIGRP度量值D 、FD 是邻居路由器前往特定⽹络的EIGRP度量值2、路由器A和B相连，它们的所有接⼝都运⾏EIGRP。

现在免费公布!全英文题d> CCNP认证试题1) When configuring dialer information. Which statement is correct?! Values of dialer-group and dialer-list must match! Values of dialer-group and dialer-list must be different! Values of dialer-group and dialer-list can match or differ! If you set a value for dialer-group you must not set a value for dialer-list2) Which of the following is a logical entity, and may be configured with one or more dial strings?! Dialer interface! Dialer map class! Dialer profile! Dialer pool3) Which of the following is used to define characteristics (such as line speed) about a specified dial string?! Dialer interface! Dialer map class! Dialer profile! Dialer pool4) Which of the following would you use to prioritized dial interfaces?! Dialer interface! Dialer map class! Dialer profile! Dialer pool5) What are the elements of a dialer profile?! Dialer interface! Dialer map class! Dialer pool6) True/False: One physical interface can belong to multiple dialer pools? ! True! False7) What process normally occurs when you use dynamic NAT! Your address is always translated to the same address! Your address is always translated to a different address! Your address is incremented round robin! Your address is dynamically chosen from a pool of available addresses8) Which command blocks routing broadcasts on a interface?! dialer-list! no routing! passive-interface! redistribute route9) What are two advantages of xDSL?! xDSL uses in place copper loops! xDSL uses inexpensive modems! higher rates over longer distances! basic telephone services available on the same line10) What command do you use to define a global address pool? ! ip local-pool! ip global pool! ip global-pool! ip address-pool11) Which are 3 default profiles in 700 series?! LAN! Internal! Global! User! Standard12) Which two compression methods are used on Cisco routers? ! lha! predictor! stacker! byte recursive13) What command do you use to define an local address pool? ! ip local pool! ip global pool! ip address-pool14) Type command to enable stacker compression! enable stac! enable compression high! compress stac! no compression predicator15) The info from "show sessions" can be displayed with! where! show all! show lat! show users16) What does command "logging host" do! Sends snmp traps to the specified host! sends logging info to a unix syslog server! sends logs to a workstation running the ciscoworks network management software17) Which command do you use to log messages to the internal buffer?! Logging save! logging buffered! logging nvram! logging ro18) Which two statements are true re: limiting VT access to router? (2)! Blocking outbound telnet on all physical interfaces prevents remote access! Since all VTY抯use telnet only one type of VTY ACL is necessary! You should always set identical restrictions on all virtual lines! Cisco routers support 4 simultaneous virtual sessions19) Which of the following two statements are true regarding 56kbps modems? ! Speeds are limited to 53kbps by fcc regulations! Digital data is not converted back to analog data! Isdn framing of analog signals creates lower overhead! Out of band signaling increases available bandwidth! The download speed is faster than the upload speed! 56kb modems are compatible with isdn but at a slower speed20) What is the function of the l2f protocol in virtual private networks?! User authentication! Network authentication! Tunneling link level protocols over higher protocols! Establishing multiple virtual paths to a remote destination21) VPDN enables service providers to?! Buy fewer routers! Increase bandwidth! Decrease broadcast traffic! Replace corporate dialup services22) What command is used to specify that any traffic causes an ISDN call?! Group dialer-ip all! Dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit! Dialer traffic ip23) What is the command to require a password to access the console terminal? ! Set pass console! Password line! Line 1 console! Enable password24) What are the three options for the dialer map command?! Name hostname! Chat-script! Ip address! Modem-script! System-script! Dial number25) What are the three components of a dialer profile? (3)! Destination profile! Dialer interface! Dialer map class! Interface map! Dialer pool26) Which command displays information about b1 and b2 channels?! Show int bri0 1 2! Show int isdn bri 2 1! Show int bri1 bri2! Show int bri127) Configure dial backup for the indicated interface (1)! Backup dial interface-name! Backup dial interface interface-name! Dial-backup interface-name! Dial-backup interface interface-name! Backup interface interface-name28) Which two statements are true regarding the command telnet 1.2.3.4 2003 ! Establishes a reverse telnet connection! The data is sent to rotary group 3! The data is sent to individual line 3! The data is sent to line 1! The data is sent to rotary group 3 which is a VPDN29) Which three functions does pat provide for cisco 700 series routers! Address translations! Ip address conservation! Remote host location on behalf of local clients! Firewall protection by hiding local clients! Downloads configuration to local clients30) Which command executes the menu named sales when the user jane logs in through any line! Username jane autocommand menu sales! Autocommand menu sales user jane! Autocommand menu jane user! Username auto select user jane31) Which two characteristics apply to the pri but do not apply to the bri! PRI uses a csu/dsu! Uses a t1 or e1 for isdn! The channel is 56k! The speed is 1.544 or 2.048mb32) Regarding terminal connections, which one describes a reverse connection?! Incoming asynchronous line! Outgoing asynchronous line! Support for a remote host printing on the local network! Support for a remote host dialing into a asynchronous interface33) What command should you use to verify the current configuration that an access server line is using? ______! ________________34) What are two options of the ISDN t1/e1 pri configuration command for framing?! Esf! crc4! Ppp! hdlc35) What two events can trigger a chat script to execute? (2)! Line reset! Dialer triggered by ddr! Interesting traffic! Routing information update! Pinging a TCP Port Address36) Why is ipx and spx spoofing important?! Spoofing enables to networks to be hidden from unauthorized users! Spoofing avoids constant updates that might keep expensive ddr lines in use ! Spoofing allows clients to find less expensive routes to resources! Spoofing causes spx to respond as if it where ipx to cut down overhead 37) How does xDSL achieve such a high data rate over the phone lines?! XDSL uses higher frequencies for data transmissions! Digital data is not converted back to analog at the service provider! Multiple Phone lines are used! Statistical multiplexing is used.38) Which command allows you to troubleshoot your VPDN operation?! Show nas! Debug vpdn! Show vpdn events! Debug vpdn event39) You are configuring dial backup for primary links. Which command do you use to indicate the backup interface in the case of a primary link failure.! Backup ip interface-name! Backup dial interface-name! Backup interface interface-name! Backup dial interface interface-name40) which function on a cisco access server draws ibm 3270 screens by turning ibm directives into dumb terminal commands! ttycap! keymap! keymap-type! emulation41) What is the operation of a dhcp servers! Dhcp manage ip addresses and assign ip configuration parameters at client request! Dhcp servers hide internal addresses from the outside world! Dhcp servers keep a database of network routers that can be used by other routing protocols ! Dhcp servers act on behalf of network clients to find routes to remote networks42) Assuming you have just configured an asynchronous interface below as a dial backupline, active the line when the load for the primary interface reaches 90% and deactivate when the combined load in both directions reaches 40%.Type the command:! ___________________43) Which examples are two options that modem auto-configuration is necessary.! Modem using called ID! Modem reinitilization after failure! Configuring a modem from a central location! Modem configuration without using modem configuration commands44) You are configuring a static route on a router. You would like to configure it so that if the interface associated with the route goes down the route will still remain in the routing table. Which ip routing parmeter causes this?! Keep! Permanent! Continuous! Backup45) What is a profile and how is it used with a cisco 700 series router! A configuration customized for a specific remote device! Access privileges associated with users! Access privileges to routing services! Access privileges associated remote system! Access privileges to the local network! Configuration files users can download to their router for quick setup46) Which three access servers are used in the access path integrated access solution ! Cisco 7200! As5200! Cisco 3600! Cisco 2511! Cisco 160047) What is the key advantage of chap over pap?! Chap never sends a visible password! Chap authentication takes fewer steps! Pap has a higher overhead! If authentication fails at any time pap drops the call48) Which signal indicates that the DTE is available to accept a call?! Dsr up! Rts up! Cts up! Dtr up49) Type the complete command to display a list of servers discovered through sap advertisements?! ____________50) In addition to viewing routing tables, what command can you use to determine a router is using the best path when forwarding a packet to a specific network?! ____________51) What is the purpose of a dialer rotary group?! Define interesting traffic! Define ddr connectionConfigure dial backup connections! Apply a single interface configuration to mulitple interfaces52) Which two services are available through Cisco NAT?Address resolution! Domain lookup! Tcp load distribution! Specific address filtration! Static address translation53) Which resource node services link layer protocol provided by cisco access servers is preferred because it has low overhead, available compression, multiple protocol support, good security options! PPP! ALL5! ARAP! SLIP54) Which are the two frame types for T1 lines?! Super frame! Extended superframe! Q39.1T! Dma55) How does NAT allow for more hosts than there are available ip addresses! Manipulating the ip authentication field! Never using the same address twice! Modifying tcp port numbers! Restricting the number of hosts allowed to communicate on the network simultaneously 56) What is true regarding default routes?! They are always specified by an individual host! They always have static routes! They are not available for isdn! They must be configured at the end of each link57) Ppp defines which two authentication protocols?! Pip pap! Pop pap! Pap chap! Pop arp58) What is the effect of the following configuration line? (1)Dialer load-threshold 128 either! Another line will be dialed when inbound utilization reaches 128kbps! Another line will be dialed when outbound utilization reaches 128kbps! Another line will be dialed when bidirectional utilization reaches 128kbps! Another line will be dialed when bidirectional utilization reaches 50%59) Which command sets up modem autodiscovery?! Modem auto-discovery! Modem autoconfigure discovery! Autoconfigure modem discovery60) what prevents tunneling of the link layer frames through a vpdn?! l2f! l2e! lte! ltf61) What characteristics describe remote node instead of remote control? (2) ! Provides access to all network resources! Host end run at lan speed! Does not require a dedicated host at the remote site! Provides good performance with legacy applications62) What command associates an access list with a dialer group! Dialer-list listnum! Dialer-group list Access-list! Dialer-list groupnum list listnum! dialer-list dialer-group list access-list! Dialer-group protocol protocol-list Access-list! access-list dialer-group groupnumber63) Which of the following are ISDN reference points! The user reference point! The routing reference point! The terminal reference point! The data reference point64) What is the command to initiate the vpdn at an isp? (2)! Vpdn enable! Vpdn outgoing! Enable vpdn incoming! Enable vpdn outgoing65) What command will enable a dialer rotary group! Dialer group! Dialer interface! Interface dialer! Dialer rotary-group66) Why would the access list specified as access-list 101 deny igrp any any save money when used with other access lists on a ddr interface?! Only routing packets will bring up the line! Routing packets will not bring up the line! All traffic but igrp will bring up the line! No traffic will bring up the line67) Where all the logging messages directed by default?! Console terminal! Auxilary terminal! Tty1 auxilary port! Console port68) Which of the following scenarios is an example of protocol translation?! Connect to the access server using telnet to another host use telnet! Connect to access server using telnet then use lat! Connect to an access server using Ppp and use chap to authenticate! Connect via tn3270 then telnet destination69) Which command allows the remote dial in client to enter its own ip address? ! Async static-address! Async dynamic address! Remote ip! address ip unnumbered70) What process normally occurs when you use static NAT! Your address is always translated to the same address! Your address is always translated to a different address! Your address is incremented round robin! Your address is dynamically chosen through a pool71) Clear dynamic NAT translation entries:! Clear ip nat translation! Clear ip nat translation*72) Create static route for all traffic to net 150.27.0.0 to go out BRI0 ! _________________73) Which command will configure ddr to multiple destinations?! Dialer map interface! Dialer-map! Ddr-map! Interface dialer map74) 3 functions PAT provides:! address translation! ip address conservation! remote host on behalf of local clients! firewall! download config75) Where is logging directed by default:! VTY1! Console! Syslog host! There is no default76) Which feature of the Cisco IOS can be used to consolidate connection costs?! DDR! PPP Callback! Shut off router! IPX/SPX spoofing77) Which command associates an access list with a dialer group?! Dialer-list group-number protocol protocol-name {permit|deny|list access-list-number} ! Dialer-list group-number protocol-name {permit|deny|list access-list-number}! Dialer-list group-number protocol-name access-list {permit|deny}78) Which command would you use to troubleshoot VPDN operation?! Show nas! Debug VPDN incoming! Show VPDN event! Debug vpdn event79) What is modem autoconfigure used for?! Initialization after failure! Configure remote modems! Auto discovery of modem type! Modem configuration with using commands80) Framing for T1抯! SF/ESF! PPP/HDLC! SLIP/PPP! PAP/CHAP81) What are 2 options for the ISDN T1/E1 PRI configuration command 揻raming?/P> ! Esf! Ppp! Hdlc! Crc482) Which of the following are ISDN reference points:! User reference! Routing reference! Terminal reference! Data reference83) Which two terminal services are provided by Cisco access servers?! telnet! slip! ISDN! LAT84) What is the command to activate the line when the primary interface reaches 90%,and deactivate when the line reaches 40%:! ________________85) True/False: A VPDN allows you to replace corporate dialup infrastructure?! True! False86) What does a DDR allow you to do?! Replace corporate dialup infrastructure! Create secure connections to a host! Establish a connection between routers when interesting traffic is present! Tunnel frames between two Cisco routers87) Which feature of the Cisco IOS can be used to lower connection costs for switched circuits which are kept up by keepalives between clients and servers?! DDR! PPP Callback! Shut off router! IPX/SPX spoofing88) Explain the statement: Dialer load-threshold 128 either! Another line will be brought up when the line reaches 128kbps in either direction! Another line will be brought up after 50%! Another line will be brought up when the buffer has 128 packets in either direction! Another line will be brought up when the the line has experienced 128 errors 89) Display info on B1 and B2:! Show int bri! Show int bri 1 2! Show int isdn b1 b290) How does NAT allow more hosts than there are available IP addresses?! Manipulating IP identification field! Modify TCP port! Restricting the number of hosts allowed to communicate simultaneously 91) Advantages of MPPP! Increased bandwidth! Multiple physical interfaces can be cascaded! Supports strong encryption types! Multiple routes for redundancy92) Enter the command that sets up modem auto-discovery! ________________93) Why 56k modems work! Uses ISDN signaling! No analog conversion at CO! Uses frame relay packet switching technology! New FCC regulations allow higher frequencies94) What command specifies all IP traffic triggers an ISDN call! ____________________95) What command executes menu named sales for Jane:! ____________________96) Concept: Why is ipx/spx spoofing important?! ______________________97) What command will enable dial-on-demand routing on any asychronous interface? ! Dialer in-band! Backup interface! Dialer dynamic routing! Dialer enable98) What command displays modem configuration during auto-configuration ?! Debug line! Debug autoconf! Debug line field! Debug confmodem99) 3 features supported by T1 interface in AS5200?! Channelized T1! PRI! Only single t1 line! A single card w/Dual T1抯! Up to 60 DS0 channels100) VPDN is a way for service providers to:! Replace dedicated corporate dialup service! Buy fewer routers! Increase bandwidth101) Features which are available in remote node technology which are not present in remote control?! All network resources are available! Host end runs lan speed! No dedicated host! Good performance with legacy apps102) Features which are available in remote control technology which are not present in remote node?! All network resources are available! Host end runs lan speed! No dedicated host! Good performance with legacy apps103) What does PPP use to establish and config. Data link connections:! PPP! NCP! CHAP! LCP104) Describe a reverse terminal connection:! Incoming asynchronous line! Outgoing asynchronous line105) Why is PPP callback used?! Bill consolidation, cost cutting.! Line selection and reliability! Ease of config! End user savings106) Overload is when NAT experiences:! more hosts than addresses! excessive CPU utilization! no more static translations! messages to fast for console107) Describe telnet 1.2.3.4 3003 (3)! The command establishes a reserve telnet connection! The data is sent to rotary dialer groups! The data is sent to line 1 which is connected to a modem! The data is sent to the rotary group 3 which is connected to a modem or host 108) Configure a terminal with no default protocol:! No transport protocol! Transport protocol none! Transport preferred none! Transport disable! Transport default null109) Give an example of Protocol translation! LAT to telnet! Telnet to Telnet! PAP to CHAP110) When Cisco access servers allows another terminal to emulate an IBM3270 terminal type what two types does the access server assume are attached (radio button):! tn 3270! wyse 300! vt100! vt200111) How does 56kb achieve such a high data rate! digital data not converted to analog! uses ISDN signaling over standard copper112) What permits tunneling of link layer frames with a VPDN:! LZF! LZE! L2E! L2F113) DHCP is used for:! Dynamically assigning a mac address to a computer! Dynamically assigning an ip address to a computer! Dynamically booting the computer from the network114) Which of the following characteristics are associated with BRI抯?! 16kb D channel! 64kb D channel! 2B+1D! 23B+1D115) Which of the following characteristics are associated with PRI抯?! 16kb D channel! 64kb D channel! 2B+1D! 23B+1D116) Which concern is increasing likely to become more important if an IPX network grows and wan links are added? (1)! The 16 hop limitation of IPX! The amount of network broadcast traffic becoming signficant! The limitations of IPX addressing! Non routable novell protocols117) What 3 commands will create a connection to a remote host from the router exec prompt?! telnet ip-address! pad hostname! connect hostname! open hostname118) You are configuring multilink PPP. Which command do you use to configure the dialer interface if using dialer profiles! Config ppp! Config multilink! Set multilink! Ppp multilink。

CCNP级别网络工程师面试题1、解决路由环问题的方法有(ABD) A. 水平分割 B. 路由保持法 C. 路由器重启D. 定义路由权的最大值2、下面哪一项正确描述了路由协议(C) A. 允许数据包在主机间传送的一种协议 B. 定义数据包中域的格式和用法的一种方式C. 通过执行一个算法来完成路由选择的一种协议D. 指定MAC地址和IP地址捆绑的方式和时间的一种协议 3、以下哪些内容是路由信息中所不包含的(A) A. 源地址 B. 下一跳 C. 目标网络D. 路由权值4、以下说法那些是正确的(BD)A. 路由优先级与路由权值的计算是一致的B. 路由权的计算可能基于路径某单一特性计算，也可能基于路径多种属性C. 如果几个动态路由协议都找到了到达同一目标网络的最佳路由，这几条路由都会被加入路由表中D. 动态路由协议是按照路由的路由权值来判断路由的好坏，并且每一种路由协议的判断方法都是不一样的 5、IGP的作用范围是(C) A. 区域内 B. 局域网内 C. 自治系统内 D. 自然子网范围内6、距离矢量协议包括(AB) A. RIP B. BGP C. IS-IS D. OSPF7、关于矢量距离算法以下那些说法是错误的(A) A. 矢量距离算法不会产生路由环路问题 B. 矢量距离算法是靠传递路由信息来实现的C. 路由信息的矢量表示法是(目标网络，metric)D. 使用矢量距离算法的协议只从自己的邻居获得信息求职胜经/简历亮出你的精彩简历写作技巧，...面试前准备才是...8、如果一个内部网络对外的出口只有一个，那么最好配置(A) A. 缺省路由 B. 主机路由 C. 动态路由 9、BGP是在(D)之间传播路由的协议 A. 主机 B. 子网C. 区域(area)D. 自治系统(AS)10、在路由器中，如果去往同一目的地有多条路由，则决定最佳路由的因素有(AC) A. 路由的优先级 B. 路由的发布者 C. 路由的metirc值 D. 路由的生存时间 11、在RIP协议中，计算metric值的参数是(D) A. MTU B. 时延 C. 带宽D. 路由跳数12、路由协议存在路由自环问题（A） A. RIP B. BGP C. OSPF D. IS-IS13、下列关于链路状态算法的说法正确的是:(bc ) A. 链路状态是对路由的描述B. 链路状态是对网络拓扑结构的描述C. 链路状态算法本身不会产生自环路由D. OSPF 和RIP都使用链路状态算法14、在OSPF同一区域(区域A)内，下列说法正确的是(d ) A. 每台路由器生成的LSA都是相同的B. 每台路由器根据该最短路径树计算出的路由都是相同的C. 每台路由器根据该LSDB计算出的最短路径树都是相同的 D. 每台路由器的区域A的LSDB(链路状态数据库)都是相同的 15、在一个运行OSPF的自治系统之内:(ad ) A. 骨干区域自身也必须是连通的 B. 非骨干区域自身也必须是连通的C. 必须存在一个骨干区域 ( 区域号为0 )D. 非骨干区域与骨干区域必须直接相连或逻辑上相连16、下列关于OSPF协议的说法正确的是:(abd ) A. OSPF支持基于接口的报文验证B. OSPF支持到同一目的地址的多条等值路由C. OSPF是一个基于链路状态算法的边界网关路由协议D. OSPF发现的路由可以根据不同的类型而有不同的优先级 17、禁止 RIP 协议的路由聚合功能的命令是(c ) A. undo rip B. auto-summanyC. undo auto-summanyD. undo network 10.0.0.018、下列静态路由配置正确的是(d) A. ip route 129.1.0.0 16 serial 0 B. ip route 10.0.0.2 16 129.1.0.0 C. ip route 129.1.0.0 1610.0.0.2D. ip route 129.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.0.0.2 19、以下不属于动态路由协议的是(d) A. RIP B. ICMP C. IS-ISD. OSPf20、三种路由协议RIP 、OSPF 、BGP和静态路由各自得到了一条到达目标网络，在华为路由器默认情况下，最终选选定(b) 路由作为最优路由 A. RIP B. OSPF C. BGPD. 静态路由 21、IGP 包括如下哪些协议(acd) A. RIP B. BGP C. IS-IS D. OSPF22、路由环问题会引起(abd ) A. 慢收敛 B. 广播风暴 C. 路由器重起D. 路由不一致23、以下哪些路由表项要由网络管理员手动配置(a ) A. 静态路由B. 直接路由C. 动态路由D. 以上说法都不正确24、在运行Windows98的计算机中配置网关，类似于在路由器中配置(a) A. 直接路由 B. 默认路由 C. 动态路由 D. 间接路由25、关于RIP协议，下列说法正确的有:(ac ) A. RIP协议是一种IGP B. RIP协议是一种EGPC. RIP协议是一种距离矢量路由协议D. RIP协议是一种链路状态路由协议。

2023年CCNP考试真题答案解析CCNP（Cisco Certified Network Professional）认证是思科公司推出的中级级别网络工程师认证，旨在验证网络工程师具备设计、配置和管理复杂网络架构的能力。

2023年CCNP考试是考察网络工程师在网络规划、设计、实施和故障排除等方面的能力。

本文将对2023年CCNP考试真题进行解析，为考生提供答案参考与分析。

题目一：请简述SDN（Software-Defined Networking）的基本概念和架构，并说明其在网络领域中的优势和应用。

SDN是一种基于软件的网络架构，通过将网络控制从传统的网络设备中分离出来，实现网络控制和数据转发的解耦。

SDN的架构主要由三个组件构成：应用层、控制器层和数据平面。

在SDN架构中，应用层包括网络应用和管理应用等，通过控制器层与底层的网络设备进行通信。

控制器层是SDN的核心，负责网络中的路由、策略和动态配置等功能，它与应用层和数据平面进行交互。

数据平面是网络中的交换机和路由器等设备，负责数据的转发。

SDN的优势和应用体现在以下几个方面：1. 灵活性和可编程性：SDN架构使网络设备的控制逻辑与数据转发分开，提供了更高的灵活性和可编程性，可根据需求快速配置和自动化管理网络，提高网络的可调整性和可扩展性。

2. 网络集中管理：SDN的控制器层集中管理网络中的所有设备，实现了网络的集中控制和监控。

网络管理员可以通过中央控制器来管理网络流量、策略和安全等，提高了网络管理的效率。

3. 创新应用和服务：SDN架构为网络创新提供了更好的平台，可以支持各种应用和服务的开发，如虚拟网络、多租户网络和网络功能虚拟化等，加快了网络技术的发展和应用。

4. 故障隔离和快速恢复：SDN可以通过控制器层实现网络的动态配置和故障隔离，当某一设备出现故障时，可以快速重新规划路径并恢复网络的正常运行。

题目二：请描述OSPF（Open Shortest Path First）协议的工作原理，并解释其在网络中的应用场景。