翻译硕士笔译常用词汇(教育) by东哥

CATTI笔译考试词汇必备：文化类1. 消除愚昧eliminate ignorance2. 扫除文盲eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy3. 营造良好的文化环境create a healthy cultural environment4. 促进文化市场健康发展facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products5. 开展对外文化交流conduct cultural exchange with other countries6. 博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries7. 开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture8. 保护文化遗产protect cultural heritage9. 继承历史文化优秀传统carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions10. 繁荣文学艺术enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art11. 举行每年一次的学术会议hold an annual academic meeting12. 尊重知识，尊重人才respect knowledge and respect competent people13. 向世界展示中国文化建设的成就introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to the world14. 加强文化基础设施建设build more cultural establishments15. 提倡文明的生活方式advocate civilized lifestyle(way of life)16. 不注重历史neglect history17. 推动人类文明进步push forward human civilization18. 对......持欢迎态度take a welcoming attitude to19. 与各国人民交往communicate with people of all countries20. 和......持相同观点share views similar to21. 促进儿童身心健康发展promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally22. 改进教学improve teaching and learning23. 保护文化遗产protect cultural relics24. 触击现行法律的盲区touch a blank area of the existing law25. 增强自我保护意识strengthen one’s awareness of protecting one’s right26. 列为世界自然文化遗产list …as a world natural heritage site27. 以全新的面貌进入新世纪enter the new century with a brand-new colorful look28. 普及科普知识，传播科学思想，倡导科学精神popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit29. 提高公务员的综合素质improve the overall quality of civil servants30. 通过资格考试pass qualification examinations31. 举办文化节/ 展览会hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals / an exhibition32. 普及九年制义务教育make nine-year compulsory education universal33. 精心编写教材compile the textbooks with great care34 承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations35. 促进相互了解enhance (further) mutual understanding36. 相互促进help each other forward37. 互派访问学者exchange visiting scholars38. 交换意见exchange views (ideas, opinions)39. 反映中国的灿烂文化reflect the rich culture of China40. 容纳三千名旅客accommodate 3000 passengers41. 发挥......的聪明才智develop o ne’s own talents and wisdom42. 充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals43. 开设课程offer courses44. 重视实用性place stress on practicality45. 制止盗版软件control the pirated software46. 提供受教育机会offer a chance of education47. 有力地推动教育的发展give a big push to the development of education48. 承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future; inherit the past and usher in the future49. 物质文明，精神文明一起抓pay equal attention to the material progress and cultural progress50. 形成文明、健康、崇尚科学的社会风尚form civilized, healthy and science - upholding social practiceCATTI笔译考试词汇必备：政治类1. 日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous2. 快速发展develop rapidly3. 隆重集会gather ceremoniously4. 热爱和平love peace5. 追求进步pursue progress6. 履行权利和义务perform the responsibilities and obligations7. 回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle8. 展望伟大征程look into the great journey9. 充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength10. 必胜be bound to win11. 主张各国政府采取行动urge governments of all countries to take action12. 和平共处coexist peacefully13. 对内开放和对外开放open up both externally and internally14. 经历两个不同时期experience two different periods15. 战胜无数的困难overcome numerous difficulties16. 赢得一个又一个胜利win one victory after another17. 完全意识到be fully aware that18. 迈出重要的一步make an important step19. 采取各种措施adopt various measures20. 得出结论,告一段落draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion21. 实现民族独立realize national independence22. 追求真理seek the truth23. 建立社会主义制度establish a socialist system24. 根除(防止,消除)腐败root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption25. 响应号召respond to the call26. 进入新时期enter a new period27. 实行新政策practice new policies28. 展现生机和活力display one’s vigor and vitality29. 增强综合国力和国际竟争力enhance comprehensive(overall) national strength and international competitiveness30. 进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world31. 解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing32. 吸收各国文明的先进成果absorb what is advanced in other civilizations33. 与日俱增increase every day34. 实现夙愿fulfill the long-cherished wishes35. 必将实现be bound to come true36. 锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army37. 建立巩固的国防build a strong national defense38. 进行和谈hold peace talks39. 修改法律amend the laws40. 在......中起（至关）的重要作用play a major (crucial, an important ) role in41. 对......做出重要(巨大)贡献make important (great, major )contributions to42. 遵循规则follow the principles43. 把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice …44. 把......作为指导take… as the guide45. 缓和紧张状况ease the tension46. 高举伟大旗帜hold high the great banner47. 解决新问题resolve new problems48. 观察当今世界observe the present-day world49. 开拓前进open up new ways forward50. 增强凝聚力enhance the rally power51. 结束暴力，开始和平谈判end the violence and resume peace talks52. 进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment53. 开始生效go into effect / enter into force54. 就......接受妥协accept a compromise on55. 接受......的采访be interviewed by56. 把......看成社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society57. 把……捐给慈善机构donate …to charities58. 维护世界和平maintain world peace59. 摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness60. 实现发展繁荣bring about development and prosperity61. 反对各种形式的恐怖主义be opposed to all forms of terrorism62. 宣布......召开announce the opening of63. 对......具有深远的影响have a far-reaching impact on64. 面对......明显的缺陷face up to the obvious defects of65. 保护妇女权利不受侵犯guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement。

acculturated worker 接受了新文化的工人aged poor relief 贫老救济amelioration of poverty 改良贫困状况ant tribe 蚁族baby boom 婴儿潮baby break 停职育婴期baby bust 生育低谷（期）bingo part or game （为了很快地认识来参加聚会的人们而设计的）配对游戏black ball 秘密反对票black power 黑人人权（运动）bottom dregs 社会渣滓career exploration <美>（六至十年级学生）就业教育car pool 拼车certificate of naturalization 入籍证明charity visitor 慈善事业观察员child benefit （英国的）儿童津贴civic responsibilities 公民责任community automatic exchange 乡村自动电话局community charge （英国的）人头税community chest 社会福利基金community consumption function 社会消费函数community coordinated child care 社会联合儿童监护站concurrent resolution （美国国会两院）共同决议corrupt administration 腐败的行政管理December-May marriage “老夫少妻”式婚姻demographic factors 人口因素diminishing return 报酬渐减dink family 丁克家庭dire poverty 赤贫displaced person 流离失所者division of labour 分工dog packs 狗仔队drug smuggling 毒品走私dwelling narrowness 蜗居e-government; e-administration 电子政务empty-nest syndrome 空巢孤独综合症enhance the sense of urgency 增强忧患意识fiscal conservatism 财政保守主义flash mob 快闪族fraternity and sorority 兄弟会，姐妹会gender equality 性别平等Golden Age 黄金时代；太平盛世guaranteed annual income 保障年度收happiness index 幸福指数house-husband 家庭妇男indoors man/woman 宅男/宅女interborough rapid transit (IRT) 城区间快递交通线ironclad labor protection 铁饭碗job commuting 通勤job release scheme 顶职办法juvenile justice system 少年司法制度law-abiding citizen 守法公民logistics park 物流园区loosely-bound family 松散的家庭观low-rent housing 廉租房luggage screening 行李检查menial activity 粗活merit pay 绩效工资metropolitan area population 大城市人口metropolitan station 都市电台middle- and low-income urban residents 中低收入城市居民minimum earner 处于最低生活保障线上的人minimum subsistence level 最低生活保障线natural monopoly 自然垄断occupational tacit violence 职场暴力officially bilingual 官方使用双语制on alternate days （实行）单双号（通行）patriotic sentiment 爱国情操poverty line 贫困线premarital pregnancy 未婚先孕premarriage cohabitation 婚前同居preprofessional training 职前培训pro-euthanasia campaign 赞成安乐死合法化运动promote communal activity 促进公共活动publicize budget 公开预算quality time （和孩子一同生活的）时光reach self-sufficiency 达到自给自足resource-effective society 资源节约型社会safety-net program 安全保障计划sandwich man 挂广告牌的人severance package 离职补偿sexual harassment 性骚扰sexual orientation 性倾向shotgun marriage/wedding 奉子成婚social acceptability 社会心理承受力social evolution 社会演变social security expenditure 社会保障支出social security privatization 社会保障私有化MTI真题汇总2011史上最全MTI真题汇总-百科-应用文-翻译基础2011北师大翻译硕士MTI真题回忆版2011年北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础真题回忆2011年北京语言大学翻译硕士真题回忆版11外经贸真题2011对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研历程回顾2011东北大学翻译硕士MTI真题回忆2011云南师范大学MTI真题2011年南京大学MTI真题2011山东大学MTI考生回忆帖2011年南京大学翻译硕士MTI入学考试真题回忆版本2011年南京师范大学翻译硕士（MTI）真题回忆北二外英语MTI试题2011 苏州大学MTI考研真题2011年西安外国语大学翻硕MTI百科知识考研2011西外MTI复试2011年川外翻译硕士MTI真题回忆版2011苏州大学翻译硕士初试真题2011年苏州大学翻译硕士复试内容2011苏州大学翻译硕士初试真题2010-2011复旦大学MTI真题2011北二外MTI2011年武汉大学翻译硕士MTI真题回忆2011年河南大学翻译硕士真题回忆2011年湖南大学翻译硕士MTI真题回顾2011年湖南师范大学翻译硕士MTI考研回忆2011年西南大学翻译硕士部分真题回忆2011南开大学翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识2011南开大学翻译硕士MTI翻译基础2011年南开大学翻译硕士MTI真题回忆2011年山西师大翻译硕士MTI真题回忆版2011年东南大学翻译硕士（MTI）真题回忆及备考经验2011年华东师大MTI真题回忆及考后经验2011年温州大学外国语学院英语语言文学基础英语汉译英试题2011年百科知识题型统计2011年厦门大学翻译硕士MTI考试真题回忆版厦大2011MTI初复试+复习书目翻译硕士MTI各院校真题作文汇总2010年北京大学翻译硕士考研试题北京大学2010翻译硕士试题回顾2010 北京第二外国语学院MTI真题2010年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研试题2010年北语MTI英语笔译真题2010年北航翻译硕士考研试题北航2010年真题厦门大学MTI试题回忆天外MTI初试及复试经验帖川大网站2010翻译硕士原题对外经贸易2010年翻译硕士初试对外翻译硕士真题2010贸大MTI复试2010复旦大学MTI初试复试2010年华中师范大学MTI真题2010南京大学MTI试题2010年南开大学MTI真题四川大学2010MTI考研四川大学2010年MTI真题回忆2010年山东大学翻译硕士试题2010年上外翻译硕士考研复试试题苏州大学2010年MTI真题回忆同济大学2010翻译硕士题目回忆同济大学2010翻译硕士题目回忆2010年西外MTI汉语百科与写作2010中国海洋大学MTI真题回忆2010年中南大学MTI业课回忆social weakening 社会惰性social worker 社会工作者status statistics 有关居民阶级构成的统计资料surplus labor 剩余劳动力surrogate birth 代孕tax evasion 偷税漏税tough policy 强硬政策tracking survey 跟踪调查trial marriage 试婚walking commuter 走班族yard sale 庭院旧货出售zero-sum game 零和博弈Migrants exert positive effects on city construction.移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。

2018翻译硕士（MTI）考研经典素材-笔译常用词汇（教育类）academic achievements 学业成绩academic advisor 学业顾问academic freedom 学术自由academic performance 学业add-and-drop 补退选阶段Advanced Placement Test 大学选修课程考试，俗称AP考试advertisement for student recruitment 招生广告aid-to-education grant money 专项教育补助基金Alma Matter 母校alumni association 同学会an exchange student 交换留学生an outstanding academic reputation 声名显赫的学术水平anti-tuition hike campaign 反对增加学费运动assistantship 助理金associate degree 完成两年学院课程或同等程度而获得的学位average student 中等生award/confer degree 授予学位basic literacy 基本读写能力campus medical center; school clinic 校内诊所CAT (computer adaptive test) 机考cheating in exams 考试作弊check roll 考勤children with learning disability 无学习能力的儿童class rank 年级名次coeducation 男女同校commencement ceremony 毕业典礼compulsory course 必修课computer lab 机房conditional admission 试读core curriculum 核心课程cost of education 教育费用course leader 课代表cramming system; spoon-feeding pedagogy 填鸭式教学法crash course 速成班credit hour 学时drop out (中途)退学educational expenditure 教育开支educational innovation 教育革新educational network 网络教育education in patriotism 爱国主义教育elective course 选修课exemption from examination 免考exit qualification 结业资格fellowship 研究生奖学金financial aid 财政资助(泛指向学生提供的各种资金、贷款、非全日工作等) finish a four-year curriculum 完成四年学业fitness/gym center 健身房foreign student advisor 外国学生咨询顾问full-time education 全日制教育functionally illiterate 半文盲General Certificate of Secondary Education 中学毕业证书ghost examinee (考试)替考者Higher Education Mega Center 大学城illiteracy level 文盲率information for admission 入学须知input in education 教育投入inspection and supervision 督导interdisciplinary talent 复合型人才jacked-up tuitions 学费上涨joint custody 共同的监护权latchkey children 挂钥匙儿童makeshift classes 复式班men learn while they teach 教学相长mental retardation/deficiency 智力缺陷，反应迟钝non-profit educational institutions 非盈利性的教育机构nonresident student 走读生off-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训;岗位培训open access (图书馆)开架阅览open-book examination 开卷考试Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) 家长教师联席会per-capita education spending 人均教育经费place considerable value on education 重视教育plagiarize/plagiarism 抄袭，剽窃polyversity/multiversity 多科大学postdoctoral fellow 博士后研究员preschool class 学前班schooling suspension 休学straight A student 成绩全优生student aid 助学金student cafeteria/canteen 学生餐厅student union 学生会take attendance 查点考勤teaching assistant 助教teaching faculty 全体教师top student 头等生track out of schools 被逐出校门transcript 成绩单transmission of civilization 传播文明valedictory address/speech 毕业献辞virtual university 虚拟大学working graduate 在职研究生work-study program 勤工助学Promoting education is a good way to reduce crime.提高教育水平是减少犯罪的一种不效手段。

奉子成婚 shotgun wedding/marriage灰色技能 gray skills维基傻瓜 Wikidiot网络外向派 webtrovert“悔丁族” DINK exit clan黄色警戒线 security cordon擅离职守 AWOL (absent without leave) “茶杯型”人士 Teacups绝世衰男 omega male向日葵族 sunflower clan伪造照片doctored picture网店征税 taxes for online stores地方政府性债务local government’s debts 赖班族 office dwellers倾盆大雨 torrential downpour奔奔族 rushing clan漫游 roam气候变化 climate change万人迷 mack daddy循环经济 Cyclic Economy视频直播 live streaming博客 blog小留学生 parachute kids非法食品添加剂 illegal food additive骑墙族 fence sitters“二” thick过劳死 death from overwork反恐部队 counter-terrorism unit游戏化 gamification肥胖谈话 fat talk蚁族 ant tribe家中度假 staycation毒黄瓜 contaminated cucumbers网络水军online “water army”边境争端 border dispute高校最低录取线 minimum scores for university entrance requirements计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction学位评定委员会 academic degrees evaluation committee学历、学位互认 mutual recognition of academic credentials and degrees联合国翻译训练班 UN Translation and Interpretation Training Course农业实用技术培训 training through various practical agricultural courses教师教学质量评估 instruction performance quality assessment scheme高等职业技术院校 higher vocational and technical institutions循序渐进的教学方法 progressive teaching method中央广播电视大学 China Central Radio and TV University (CCRTVU)聪明才传统教学方式 traditional way of teaching定向培训培训 training for specific posts; job-oriented training 海外优秀人才 overseas personnel of high caliber集体主义教育 collectivism education教师资格认定 teacher qualification accreditation教学方法创新 innovation in pedagogy教育体制改革 reform of the educational system社会价值观念 social values社会力量办学 run schools by non-government sectors思想道德素质 ideological and ethical standards提高教学水平 raise teaching standards远程教育机构 distance education institution振兴教育事业revitalize education职业技术教育 vocational and technical education中等专业学校 secondary specialized school智得到充分发挥 bring the talent and creativity into full play传统教学方式 traditional way of teaching定向培训培训 training for specific posts; job-oriented training 海外优秀人才 overseas personnel of high caliber集体主义教育 collectivism education教师资格认定 teacher qualification accreditation教学方法创新 innovation in pedagogy教育体制改革 reform of the educational system社会价值观念 social values社会力量办学 run schools by non-government sectors思想道德素质 ideological and ethical standards提高教学水平 raise teaching standards远程教育机构 distance education institution振兴教育事业revitalize education职业技术教育 vocational and technical education中等专正面教育positive education知识老化outdating of one’s knowledge大学生创业university students’ innovative undertakings非学历教育 non-degree education互动式教育 interactive teaching教育信息化 apply IT to education文明礼貌月 Socialist Ethics and Courtesy Month思想的独创 originality of the idea学科带头人 academic leader招收择校生 recruit students who select their schools复合型人才 personnel with interdisciplinary knowledge and well-rounded abilities; interdisciplinary talents尊重学生人格 respect the dignity of students希望工程 Hope Project希望小学 Hope Primary School小留学生 parachute kids/parachute children信、达、雅 faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance学海无涯 boundless sea of learning学术机构 academic institution学习型社会 learning society学习知识 acquire knowledge学以致用study knowledge to apply it终身教育 lifelong education重点学科 key disciplines助学制度 subsidy system尊师重教 respect teachers and value education义务教育 compulsory education应试教育 exam-oriented education择优录取 merit-based enrollment品学兼优 excellency in character and learning启发式教学 heuristic teaching全民教育 education for all人才交流 personnel exchange人才流失 brain drain死记硬背 memorize things mechanically素质教育 quality-oriented education/quality education 缩短学制 shorten the period of schooling特殊教育 special education文化程度 educational level文化传承 cultural continuity文化断层 cultural dislocation文化交流 cultural exchanges文教事业 cultural and educational undertakings文房四宝 four treasures of the study (writing brush, inkstick, inkstone and paper)。

翻译硕士英语翻译常考单词汇总2014年1) articulate 清晰的表达，2) by all accounts根据、根据报道;byone’s own account根据某人自己所说，letalone更别提，3) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写,4) associate联系，5) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成;2013年1) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰，2)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所，3) ineffect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别，4)blame批评，5)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的;2012年1) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致，generative生产的、生成的，generate产生，2) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制，3) filter过滤, cognitive认知的，4) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的,bias偏见，5) track跟踪;2011年1) erroneous错误的，error错误，2) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的，3) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底，4) circumstance环境，5) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列;丰富的词汇量会让我们在英语考试中占得优势，小编整理2006-2010年考研英语中真题中的常用词汇，希望大家认真背诵，集中记忆，相信会对大家的考研有很大帮助，也预祝大家考研成功。

实践经验积累：通过大量的翻译实践，不断总结经验，提高自己的翻译水 平。
学习行业知识：针对不同的行业，需要了解该行业的专业术语和表达方式， 以提高翻译的准确性和流畅性。
翻译工具的使用与选择
笔译工具介绍：常用的笔译工具及其特点 选择合适的工具：根据翻译需求和实际情况选择合适的工具 工具使用技巧：提高翻译效率和准确率的技巧和方法 工具更新与改进：关注工具的更新和升级，提高翻译质量
笔译中的文化因素
04
文化背景的引入与解释
笔译中文化因素的重要性 文化背景对笔译的影响 如何处理笔译中的文化差异 文化背景引入的常见方法
文化意象的处理与传递
文化意象的翻译策略与技巧
文化意象的传递方式与效果
笔译中文化意象的识别与理 解
笔译中文化意象的案例分析
跨文化交际中的语用差异
笔译中需注意文化背景和语境 不同文化背景下词汇和句子的含义可能不同 笔译中应尊重原语和目标语的文化差异 笔译中应注重语用等效，以实现跨文化交际的顺畅
词汇在不同语境中可能有不同的含义，需要结合上下文进行理解。 笔译时需要注意特定词汇的准确含义，避免出现歧义或误解。 对于一些具有特定文化背景的词汇，需要进行适当的解释和说明。 笔译时需要注重词汇的搭配和运用，保证译文的流畅性和准确性。
笔译重点句子
02
长句子的结构分析
主语、谓语、 宾语：识别句 子中的主要成 分，确保翻译
规范性：评估译文 的语法、拼写、标 点等是否符合规范， 是否符合行业标准。
文化适宜性：评估 译文是否符合目标 语言的语境，是否 能够被目标读者所 接受和理解。
提高翻译水平的方法与途径
掌握语言基础知识：包括词汇、语法、句型等，是提高翻译水平的基础。
了解文化背景：翻译不仅仅是语言的转换，更是文化的传播。因此，了解 源语言和目标语言的文化背景是提高翻译水平的关键。

CATTI笔译必备词汇CATTI笔译必备词汇(1)笔译常用词汇（国情）全国翻译专业资格考试（China n Test for Translators and Interpreters--CATTI）是一项国家级职业资格考试，已纳入国家职业资格证书制度。

该考试由XXX负责实施与管理，受国家人力资源和社会保障部委托。

该考试是在全国实行的、统一的、面向全社会的翻译专业资格认证，旨在评价和认定参试人员的口译或笔译方面的双语互译能力和水平。

户口：registered permanent residence民生：people’XXX团购：group buying乡长：township head城管：urban management officers恶搞：XXX房奴：mortgage slave黑车：unlicensed cab毕婚族：marry-upon-XXXXXX家费：settling-in allowance代排族：hired queuers短租房：short-XXX二手房：pre-owned house。

second-hand house 封口费：hush money个体户：the self-employed公务车：state-financed vehicle公务员：civil/public servant假文凭：fake diplomas开瓶费：corkage fee两限房：house of two limits。

XXX 廉租房：XXX-rent housing农民工：migrant worker农业税：agricultural tax泡网吧：hit the。

bar双休日：two-day XXX双职工：working couple群租客：XXX groups入住率：occupancy rate潜规则：casting couch闪跳族：XXXXXXXXXReform of Personnel System Social Security Work and SystemInterest of Different Social Groups Social Credit SystemXXXXXXIndustries with XXXXXXXXXXXXReform of Housing SystemXXXSubsistence AllowanceSurplus Rural LaborXXX DisgraceXXX StrategyXXXXXXUrban and Rural Emergency Aid SystemXXXSystem of Rural Cooperative Medical CareUrban and Rural Systems for Providing Public XXXDuring times of disaster。

翻译硕士（MTI）经典素材-笔译常用词汇（教育）academic achievements 学业成绩academic advisor 学业顾问（帮助学生学习并为其提供咨询的教师）academic freedom 学术自由academic performance 学业add-and-drop 补退选阶段Advanced Placement Test 大学选修课程考试，俗称AP考试advertisement for student recruitment 招生广告aid-to-education grant money 专项教育补助基金Alma Matter 母校alumni association 同学会an exchange student 交换留学生an outstanding academic reputation 声名显赫的学术水平anti-tuition hike campaign 反对增加学费运动assistantship 助理金associate degree 完成两年学院课程或同等程度而获得的学位average student 中等生award/confer degree 授予学位basic literacy 基本读写能力campus medical center; school clinic 校内诊所CAT (computer adaptive test) 机考cheating in exams 考试作弊check roll 考勤children with learning disability 无学习能力的儿童class rank 年级名次coeducation 男女同校commencement ceremony 毕业典礼compulsory course 必修课computer lab 机房conditional admission 试读core curriculum 核心课程cost of education 教育费用course leader 课代表cramming system; spoon-feeding pedagogy 填鸭式教学法crash course 速成班credit hour 学时drop out （中途）退学educational expenditure 教育开支educational innovation 教育革新educational network 网络教育education in patriotism 爱国主义教育elective course 选修课exemption from examination 免考exit qualification 结业资格fellowship 研究生奖学金financial aid 财政资助（泛指向学生提供的各种资金、贷款、非全日工作等）finish a four-year curriculum 完成四年学业fitness/gym center 健身房foreign student advisor 外国学生咨询顾问full-time education 全日制教育functionally illiterate 半文盲General Certificate of Secondary Education 中学毕业证书ghost examinee （考试）替考者Higher Education Mega Center 大学城illiteracy level 文盲率information for admission 入学须知input in education 教育投入inspection and supervision 督导interdisciplinary talent 复合型人才jacked-up tuitions 学费上涨joint custody 共同的监护权latchkey children 挂钥匙儿童makeshift classes 复式班men learn while they teach 教学相长mental retardation/deficiency 智力缺陷，反应迟钝non-profit educational institutions 非盈利性的教育机构nonresident student 走读生off-the-job training 脱产培训on-the-job training 在职培训；岗位培训open access （图书馆）开架阅览open-book examination 开卷考试Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) 家长教师联席会per-capita education spending 人均教育经费place considerable value on education 重视教育plagiarize/plagiarism 抄袭，剽窃polyversity/multiversity 多科大学postdoctoral fellow 博士后研究员preschool class 学前班schooling suspension 休学straight A student 成绩全优生student aid 助学金student cafeteria/canteen 学生餐厅student union 学生会take attendance 查点考勤teaching assistant 助教teaching faculty 全体教师top student 头等生track out of schools 被逐出校门transcript 成绩单transmission of civilization 传播文明valedictory address/speech 毕业献辞virtual university 虚拟大学working graduate 在职研究生work-study program 勤工助学Promoting education is a good way to reduce crime.提高教育水平是减少犯罪的一种不效手段。

摘要：翻译硕士（MTI）经典素材-笔译常用词汇（文化）All Saint’s Day 万圣节American plan约能源 (旅馆的）美国式收费式a soft job 轻松的工作a widow’s mite 礼轻情义重beefcake 男性健美照be free to practice one’s religion 宗教信仰自由“bifocal” vision “双重”视野break with old customs 抛弃传统busboy （饭店的）洗碗擦桌子的杂工Catch-22 无法摆脱的困难；难以逾越的障碍civic values 大众价值观clash with civilizations 文明的碰撞consumerist creed 消费至上主义corporate culture 企业文化country fair 乡村博览会cross-cultural bridge 跨文化桥梁cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流cultural borrowing 文化借用cultural complex 文化情结cultural development 文化建设cultural devolution 文化退化cultural differences 文化差异cultural hegemony 文化霸权cultural heritage 文化遗产cultural identity 文化认同cultural impact 文化影响cultural insights 文化视角cultural lag 文化落后cultural life 文化生活cultural manifestation 文化诉求cultural misreading 文化误读cultural pluralism; multiculturalism 文化多元化cultural shock 文化冲击cultural traditions 文化传统culture area 文化区culture of tolerance 宽容的文化culture-oriented travel 文化旅游culture trait 文化特质dialogue among civilizations 文明间的对话dinner etiquette 餐桌礼仪dominant culture 主导文化ethnic origin 种族起源flower children 配花嬉皮士Flower Generation 花季的一代generation X （90年代的）未知的一代gold-collars 金领阶层hard drug 硬毒品；易成瘾的烈性毒品（如海洛因、可卡因、吗啡等）heterogenous culture 异质文化high culture 优等文化；高级文化human civilization 人类文明humane historical sites 人文历史遗址hyper-individualism 超级个人主义intercultural dialogue 跨文化对话isomorphic cultural community 同质文化群体King’s English 纯正英语language restriction 语言限制主义Lazy Susan （指一种盛食品的）自动转盘（方便顾客选用的食品）low culture 低等文化；低级文化low tea 晚餐前茶点mainstream culture 主流文化Mary Jane 大麻（烟叶）“me” generation （70年代的）“为我”的一代midriff 露脐装national identity and values 民族特性和价值观national sentiments 民族感情new-collars （指二战后的第一代婴儿潮中出生的人）Nobel laureate 诺贝尔获得者off license 售酒执照orphan book 孤本pot culture 大麻文化（指以吸用大麻为中心的生活方式）prejudice and misunderstanding 偏见和误解promote sociability 促进社会交往sample local culture 领略当地文化service station 加油站，服务站silent generation （指50年代成年的人）沉默的一代soft drug 软毒品；不宜成瘾的毒品spiritual enhancement 精神升华the beaten generation 垮掉的一代The Clash of Civilization 《文明冲突》the gilded age 镀金时代the lost generation 迷茫的一代the Millennials 千禧一代tolerance and mutual respect 互相宽容和尊重value of knowledge 知识的价值value proposition 价值主张Vietnam War generation 越战的一代（60年代成年的人）weekly-shoppers throwaways 每周购物一次的人看就随手扔掉的那种杂志Yaps (young aspiring professionals) 亚皮士/雅皮士/优皮士（少壮职业人士/年轻、不断得到升迁的专业人士）yellow boy 金币These two cultures, which were created in different areas, developed in parallel and without interference.这两种文化产生于不同的地区，他们的发展并行不悖，互不影响。

CATTI笔译常用词汇（国情<汉译英>）户口registered permanent residence民生people’s wellbeing团购group buying乡长township head城管urban management officers恶搞video spoof房奴mortgage slave黑车unlicensed cab毕婚族marry-upon-graduation安家费settling-in allowance代排族hired queuers短租房short-term housing/accommodation二手房pre-owned house; second-hand house封口费hush money个体户the self-employed公务车state-financed vehicle公务员civil/public servant假文凭fake diplomas开瓶费corkage fee两限房house of two limits; house with limited price and habitable area廉租房low-rent housing农民工migrant worker农业税agricultural tax泡网吧hit the Internet bar双休日two-day weekend双职工working couple群租客tenant groups入住率occupancy rate潜规则casting couch闪跳族habitual job hopper筒子楼tube-shaped apartment building学区房school-nearby house暂住证temporary residence permit安居工程Comfortable/Affordable Housing Project城市补丁run-down neighborhoods低保制度subsistence security system恶性循环vicious circle法治政府law-based government（非法）传销pyramid schemes; multi-level marketing非法收入illegal earnings; illicit income福利彩票welfare lottery改革攻坚further reform in difficult areas; tackle hard issues in the reform改革试点pilot reform program公共参与public/communal participation和谐社会harmonious society黑恶势力Mafia-like gangs基层社区grassroots community减员增效downsize the staff to improve efficiency空巢家庭empty-nest/childless family就业指导employment guidance面子工程vanity/image project民族团结ethnic unity南水北调South-to-North water diversion贫富差距disparity in wealth distribution贫困人口impoverished people权力下放shift of power to the grassroots; delegate power to the lower levels社会结构social structure市政工程municipal/public works数字鸿沟digital divide天灾人祸natural calamities and man-made misfortunes同城待遇identical treatment无偿献血unpaid blood donation五好家庭Five-Virtues Family下岗职工unemployed workers and staff; laid-off employees乡镇企业township enterprises学生减负reduce students’ study load严打斗争strike-hard operation/campaign to crack down crimes 总体规划overall plan引进人才bring in needed personnel优抚安置provide special assistance to entitled groups创新型国家innovation-oriented nation低收入家庭low-income household/family服务型政府service-oriented government高层次人才high-caliber personnel高技能人才highly skilled personnel公用互联网public Internet固定电话网fixed-line telephone network简易过渡房makeshift shelter经济适用房affordable housing开放型经济an open economy科学发展观scientific outlook on development人口功能区functional population zone三八红旗手March 8 Red Flag Bearer下基层锻炼temper oneself in a grassroots unit移动通信网mobile communication network自觉排队日Queuing-up Day地方保护主义regional protectionism城市低收入者low-income city dwellers爱国统一战线patriotic united front坚持基本纲领uphold the basic program抗灾救灾工作efforts to combat disasters and provide relief 平房改造工程renovation project of shanty dwellings人事制度改革reform of personnel system社会保障工作social security work社会保障体制social security system社会利益格局interest of different social groups社会信用体系social credit system社会转型时期period of social transition社会组织形式the way society if organized特色优势产业industries with local advantages贴小广告的人bill sticker增强道德观念enhance one’s moral awareness重复建设项目overlapping/ redundant project住房制度改革reform of housing system自主创新能力capacity for independent innovation最低生活保障subsistence allowance农村富余劳动力surplus rural labor社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and Disgrace西部大开发战略western development strategy保障和改善民生ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives粗放性增长方式extensive mode of growth; inefficient model of growth 城乡社会救助体系urban and rural emergency aid system留守女士/留守男士 grass widow/widower农村合作医疗制度system of rural cooperative medical care城乡公共就业与服务urban and rural systems for providing public employment services加强和改善宏观调控improve macro control社会主义核心价值观core socialist values《国家发展规划纲要》Outline of the National Development Program（农村）劳动力转移就业(rural workers) find work in nonagricultural sectors城镇职工基本养老保险制度basic old-age insurance system for urban workers中国执行改革开放政策，争取在五十年内发展起来。

翻译硕士 CATTI 笔译常用词汇汉译英（教育）2016年2月17日 14:27 阅读 9968翻译硕士CATTI 笔译常用词汇汉译英（教育）@鬼谷一喵陪读be companion to sb in study听课attend a class or lecture学风style of study学分制credit system走读生nonresident student博士后post-doctoral进修班class for further studies特困生the most needy student学杂费tuition fee and miscellaneous charges毕业设计graduation project大专学历 a college graduate德才兼备combine political integrity with professional competence定向培养provide training to selected students定向招生recruit students from selected organizations or regions; enroll stu dents who are pre-assigned to specific posts or areas动手能力the ability of practice岗位培训in-service/on-the-job training高等教育higher/postsecondary education高考移民NCEE migrant (NCEE: National College Entrance Examination) 国情教育education about China’s conditions积累知识accumulate knowledge基础教育basic/elementary education寄宿学校boarding school家庭教育education in the home家政教育education in home economics教师队伍contingent of teachers教书育人impart knowledge and educate people教学实习field practice/internship教育方针educational policy教育使命educational mission教育资源resources for education就近上学provide for schools within easy walking distance开除学籍expel from school民办公助run by local people and subsidized by the state民办教师community-sponsored teacher民办教育non-government funded education抛砖引玉throw a sprat to catch a whale品学兼优excellency in character and learning启发式教学heuristic teaching全民教育education for all人才交流personnel exchange人才流失brain drain死记硬背memorize things mechanically素质教育quality-oriented education/quality education缩短学制shorten the period of schooling特殊教育special education文化程度educational level文化传承cultural continuity文化断层cultural dislocation文化交流cultural exchanges文教事业cultural and educational undertakings文房四宝four treasures of the study (writing brush, inkstick, inkstone and paper)希望工程Hope Project希望小学Hope Primary School小留学生parachute kids/parachute children信、达、雅faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance学海无涯boundless sea of learning学术机构academic institution学习型社会learning society学习知识acquire knowledge学以致用study knowledge to apply it终身教育lifelong education重点学科key disciplines助学制度subsidy system尊师重教respect teachers and value education义务教育compulsory education应试教育exam-oriented education择优录取merit-based enrollment正面教育positive education知识老化outdating of one’s knowledge大学生创业university students’innovative undertakings 非学历教育non-degree education互动式教育interactive teaching教育信息化apply IT to education文明礼貌月Socialist Ethics and Courtesy Month思想的独创originality of the idea学科带头人academic leader招收择校生recruit students who select their schools复合型人才personnel with interdisciplinary knowledge and well-rounded abilities ; interdisciplinary talents尊重学生人格respect the dignity of students传统教学方式traditional way of teaching定向培训培训training for specific posts; job-oriented training海外优秀人才overseas personnel of high caliber集体主义教育collectivism education教师资格认定teacher qualification accreditation教学方法创新innovation in pedagogy教育体制改革reform of the educational system社会价值观念social values社会力量办学run schools by non-government sectors思想道德素质ideological and ethical standards提高教学水平raise teaching standards远程教育机构distance education institution振兴教育事业revitalize education职业技术教育vocational and technical education中等专业学校secondary specialized school高校最低录取线minimum scores for university entrance requirements计算机辅助教学computer-assisted instruction学位评定委员会academic degrees evaluation committee学历、学位互认mutual recognition of academic credentials and degrees 联合国翻译训练班UN Translation and Interpretation Training Course农业实用技术培训training through various practical agricultural courses教师教学质量评估instruction performance quality assessment scheme高等职业技术院校higher vocational and technical institutions循序渐进的教学方法progressive teaching method中央广播电视大学China Central Radio and TV University (CCRTVU)聪明才智得到充分发挥bring the talent and creativity into full play等值、等效、功能对等equivalent value, equivalent effect and functional equivalence国家重点科技攻关项目National Key Scientific and Technological Project 有中国特色的教育体系educational system with Chinese characteristics教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来education should be geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future人文社会科国家重点研究基地National Key Research Center for Social Sciences四书（《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》）the Four Books (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Confucian Analects, and The Works of Mencius)五经（《诗经》、《尚书》、《易经》、《礼记》、《春秋》）the Five Classics (The Book of Poetry/Songs, The Book of Hist ory, The Book of Changes, The Book of Rites, and The Spring and Au tumn Annals)身教胜于言教。

MTI笔译翻译基础-常见词汇翻译硕士有两个方向一为口译，一为笔译，小编今天给大家带来的是关于翻硕考研笔译方向的翻译基础常见词汇，希望对报考笔译的童鞋们有所帮助。

澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction备件spare parts部长级会议ministerial meeting采取积极财政政策proactive fiscal policy出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry垂直兼并vertical merger倒爷profiteer抵免offset东盟自由贸易区AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations对外项目承包foreign project contracting反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against ……防伪标志anti-fake label放松银根ease monetary policy非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment风险基金venture capital风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk岗位培训on-the-job training港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises工程项目engineering project工业增加值industrial added value公正合理equitable and rational固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets广开就业门路increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives国际清算international settlement国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment国家补贴public subsidies国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves合理引导消费guide rational consumption横向兼并horizontal merger坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan 货币市场money market机构臃肿overstaffing in (government) organizations机构重叠organizational overlapping技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development季节性调价seasonal price adjustments既成事实established/accomplished facts减免债务reduce and cancel debts建材building materials进口环节税import linkage tax经常项目current account经常性的财政收入regular revenues竟价投标competitive bidding就业前培训pre-job training控股公司holding company垃圾融资junk financing劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises劳务合作labor service cooperation累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery流动人口floating population龙头产品lagship product乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises慢性萧条chronic depression农业技术合作A TC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets配件accessories皮包公司flying-by-night company; bogus company平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development瓶颈制约“bottleneck”restrictions企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses企业所得税corporate income tax千年问题、千年虫millennium bug抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities清理、修订screen and modify求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public utility construction申报制度reporting system; income declaration system实行股份制enforce stockholding system实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA Administrative Aspects of Market Access适销对路的产品readily marketable products双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system水利water conservation所有制形式forms of ownership贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation同步增长increase in the same pace外援方式modality of foreign aid无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无纸交易paperless transaction现代企业制度modern corporate system消费膨胀inflated consumption协议投标negotiated bidding信息化informationize形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting亚太法定计量论坛APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council亚太计量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM：APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经济合作组织APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center亚太商业论坛ABF：APEC Business Forum亚太商业网络APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System亚太信息基础设施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange andTraining for Small and Medium Enterprises亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis营业税turnover tax在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership债转股debt-to-equity swap中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan中介服务组织intermediary service organization注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into转化经营机制change the method of operation资本项目capital account自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate自驻经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progressshipping service company 船务公司generic products非商标(非专利)产品prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策deficit spending超前消费run on banks(到银行)挤兑domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持special bonds特种债券economy of abundance 富裕经济Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白dual purpose exports军民两用品出口dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区global quota全球配额grandfather clause祖父条款Animal-derived food动物源食品EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化关于凯程：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直致力于高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

翻译硕士（MTI）考研必备：常见词汇表－Z小编网上查找中国日报常用词汇表A－Z，希望对大家词汇掌握有所帮助。

以下为汉语Z开头的单词，希望大家认真记忆。

灾民flood victims; flood-stricken people/载人卫星manned satellite/宰（客）to swindle money out of our customers宰人rip off再贷款re-lending; subloan再就业服务中心re-employment service center再就业工程re-employment projectprogram/在孵（孵化器）企业incubated enterprises (incubator)在途资金fund in float/在线(计算机) on-line/在线网上书店online bookstore/在职博士生on-job doctorate在职研究生on-job postgraduates/在字面上兜圈子festoons of words/赃款赃物proceeds of crime/糟粕dross早恋puppy love早市morning session造假帐falsified accounts造林运动afforestation drive (campaign)/噪声治理noise abatement/责任编辑editor in charge/ 招商局China Merchants Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. (China Merchants)增发股票increase issues in stocks增加信任,减少麻烦,发展合作,不搞对抗enhance trust, reduce trouble, develop cooperation and avoid confrontation/增强人民体质build up people's health/增值税value added tax(V A T)/渣打银行The Chartered Bank/斋月(伊斯兰教) Ramadan/ month of fast/债台高筑become debt-ridden/债转股debt-to-equity swap沾光benefit from one's association占便宜profit at others' expense/占着茅坑不拉屎be a dog in the manger/战俘prisoner of war (POW)/战俘营prisoner-of-war (POW) camp/战斧式巡航导弹Tomahawk cruise missile/战略防御计划Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)/战略伙伴关系strategic partnership站得住脚hold water/站票standing-room-only ticket站台票platform ticket涨落线advance balance line掌上电脑palm computer招标invite a bid招标投标制the system of public bidding for project招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful/招股说明书prospectus招商引资attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas)招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office折旧费depreciation charge/折衷方案a compromise proposal/珍爱之人或物apple of one's eyes珍稀濒危植物rare or endangered species/真空包装vacuum packing真善美the true, the good and the beautiful; truth, good and beauty振兴经济revitalize the economy/振兴中华make China powerful and strong; revitalize the Chinese nation/争端解决机构dispute settlement body争议地区disputed area/正气uprightness; integrity; probity; rectitude/正式照会formal note证券化securitisation证券监督管理委员会securities supervision commission/证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange政策性贷款policy-based lending; policy-related loan/政策性亏损policy-related losses; losses incurred due to policy decisions/政策性住房policy-related house, policy-based house政策银行policy banks/政策组合policy mix/政法委politics and law committee政府采购government procurement政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperateand enterprise put in the show.政府干预government intervention/政府廉洁高效a clean and efficient government/政府上网工程Government Online Project政府特殊津贴获得者winner of special government allowance/政府贴息贷款discount government loans/政府职能转变transform/shift the government functions政改方案(英国对香港) constitutional package/政企不分without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management政务公开make government affairs public政治合格，军事过硬，作风优良，纪律严明，保障有力be qualified politically and competent militarily, have a fine style of work, maintain strict discipline and be assured of adequate logistical support政治迫害political prosecution; witch hunt政治体制改革political restructuring/政治协商、民主监督、参政议政exercise political consultation and democratic supervision and participate in deliberating and administration of state affairs支付能力payment capacity/支原体mycoplasma支柱产业pillarcornerstone industry/只读存储器read-only-memory (ROM)/知己知彼,百战不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat./知识产权intellectual property知识经济knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy知识经济knowledge-based economy/知识就是力量Knowledge is power./知识密集knowledge-intensive/知识转让transfer of knowledge/执法人员law enforcement officials; law-executor; law enforcer/直播live broadcast, live telecast直接三通与双向交流three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade) and bilateral exchanges/直接选举direct election/ 植直辖市municipality directly under the Central Government直销direct marketing; door-to-door sale/职称professional title职能转换transformation of functions/职务犯罪crime by taking advantage of duty职业高中（职高）vocational high school职业介绍所career service center; job center/职业经理人professional manager职业培训job training/植物群落plant community/纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later./纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist/制海权command of the sea/制空权air space control; air supremacy; command of the air; air mastery; air domination/ 种植业crop farming/质量管理quality control/质量认证体系认证证书certificate of the system of quality certification质量守恒定律law of conservation of mass/治理整顿improve the environment and rectify the order; improvement and rectification/ 滞销商品unmarketable goods/致命要害Achilles' heel掷钱猜先toss智力引进recruitintroduce (foreign) talents/智力支持intellectual support/智囊团、思想库the brain trust；think tank智商intelligence quotient (IQ)/滞后影响lagged effect/中程导弹intermediate-range missile; medium-range missile/中东和平进程the Middle East peace process/中关村科技园区Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park中国出口商品交易会(广交会) China Export Commodities Fair (Guangzhou Fair)/中国工程院the Chinese Academy of Engineering/中国结Chinese knot/中国经济景气监测中心China Economic Monitoring Center中国新经济峰会China New Economy Summit中国新闻出版报社China Press and Publication News中国预防医学科学院the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine/中国证监会China's Securities Regulatory Commission中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests中华人民共和国渔政渔港监督管理局Administration of Fishery and Fishing Harbor Supervision of the PRC中华世纪坛China Millennium Monument中华医学会Chinese Medical Association中介intermediary agent中立国neutralized state/中流砥柱mainstay; chief cornerstone/中美三个联合公报》The Three Sino-US Joint Communiqué中美战略核武器互不瞄准对方non-targeting strategic nuclear weapons against each other/中签win the lot for IPO/中签率lot winning rate中日友好四项原则: 和平友好,平等互利,互相信赖,长期稳定The four principles of Sino-Japanese friendship: peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, mutual trust, and long-term stability/中山装Chinese tunic suit/中式快餐Chinese fast food/中文信息处理系统Chinese information processing system/中下层南方共和党人pickup-truck Republican中心环节key link/中型商用飞机mid-size G200 business jets中央大型企业工委Central Work Committee for Large Enterprises中央国家机关China's State organs中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央经济工作会议the Central Economic Working Conference中央领导集体central collective leadership/中央商务区central business district (CBD)中央统战部United Front Work Department of CPC Central Committee中央综治委严打整治斗争检查组Strike-hard Campaign Inspection Group of Central Committee for Comprehensive Management of Public Security.中药traditional Chinese medicine/中专生secondary specialized or technical school student终点控制区terminal control area/终端服务器terminal server/终身职务制life-long tenure/终审权right of adjudication; right of giving final approval/众口难调It is difficult to cater to all tastes.; One man's meat is another man's poison.制止外汇流失prevent foreign exchange flight/众矢之的target of public criticism/重点发展prioritize重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects重合同,守信用abide by contracts and keep one's words/重合同、守信用的原则the principle of equality and mutual benefit and honoring contracts adn standing by reputation/洲际弹道导弹intercontinental ballistic missiles珠穆朗玛峰Mount Qomolangma/主板市场main board of the stock market主持人anchorperson主渠道main channel/主体经济the mainstay of the economy主体思想（DPRK）Juche Idea主页home page/助跑approach run, run-up住房分配货币化进程capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation住房零首付zero-yuan first payment (for apartments)住宅小区residence community注册会计师certificated public accountant (CPA)/注册资本registered capital/驻港部队People's Liberation Army garrison in Hong Kong抓大放小to invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones; focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves抓大放小,三改一加强(Efforts were focused on) the reform, reorganization, upgrading and better management of enterprises, aiming at well managing large enterprises while adopting more flexible policies toward small ones/抓住机遇seize the opportunity抓住机遇,深化改革,扩大开放,促进发展,保持稳定seize the current opportunity, deepen the reform, open China wider to the outside world, promote development and maintain stability/专访exclusive interview/专家组panel专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store专门的营销机构market boards专门人才professional personnel; special talents/专门术语buzzword ; jargon专升本upgrade from junior college student to university student; students with the diploma of junior college try to obtain the undergraduate diplomat through self-taught study专属经济区exclusive economic zone/专题报道special coverage/专业化分工division of labor based on specialization/专业化经营specialized operation/转轨transfer to a different track; retracking/转轨经济economies in transition; transition economy/转化机制(of State-owned enterprises) to shift to new management mechanisms转基因生物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food)转世灵童reincarnated soul boy/转体truck rotation, turn, twist转业transferred to civilian work/撞线breast the tape追潮族fashion follower/追车族auto fan/追赶型和跨越式发展pursuant and leap-forward development追究责任call to account; ascertain where the responsibility lies追星族star fan; groupie/ 追平produce the equalizer准备金reserve fund; capital reserves/准博士all but dissertation (ABD)准上市公司pro-listed companies资本额过多overcapalisation资本利润率rate of return on capital资本外逃capital flight/资不抵债insolvency/资产保值增值maintain and increase the value of assets; maintenance and appreciation of assets value资产剥离peel off (bad) assets of a company资产负债表balance sheet资产阶级自由化bourgeois liberalization资产调控assets control资产重组reorganized assets; assets reorganization/资金到位fully funded (project)/资金划拨capital allocation资金汇划fund remittance and transfer资源配置the distribution (allocation) of resources资源优化配置most optimum distribution of resources/资治通鉴》History as a Mirror自动柜员机automatic teller machine (ATM)自发罢工,野猫式罢工（未经工会批准的罢工）wildcat strikes自费留学go to study abroad at one's own expense自律机制the self-discipline system自然保护区natural reserve; nature preservation zone自然耗损natural wearing自然资源保护区natural resource protection areas/自我保护意识self-protection awareness自学成才become well-educated through self-study/自学考试self-taught examination自营self-run自营性存款self-operating deposit自由港free-trade port，free port自由竞争free competition/自由流通free flow/自由贸易区free-trade zone/自由职业者professionals/自治权right ti autonomy; autonomy/自主经营,自负盈亏make one's own management decisions and take full responsibility for one's own profits and losses/自助银行self-help bank自足经济self-sufficient economy/自作自受stew in one’s own juice综合国力comprehensive national strength综合经济效益overall economic efficiency; composite economic results/综合授信comprehensive credit line综合业务数字网integrated service digital network (ISDN)综合整治comprehensive improvement/综合支持量AMS (Aggregate Measurement of Support)综合指数composite index综合治理comprehensive treatment总裁助理assistant president总经理负责制general manager responsibility system总统选举团electoral college走过场go through the motions/走后门get in by the back door走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progress走穴(actors, singers, etc.) perform for outside salary income without approval by the unit they belong to组委会organizing committee/祖传handed down from one's ancestors/祖国和平统一大业peaceful reunification of the motherland/最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries)最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)最低工资保障制度minimum wage guarantee system/最低生活保证制度system for ensuring a minimum standard of living/最惠国待遇most-favored-nation status/最终用户end user/遵纪守法、廉洁奉公observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties左倾pinko左右为难between the devil and the deep blue sea; between the rock and the hard place/凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

笔译复习文档1.重点词汇Promotional：推销的quote：报价secure：得到Terms of sale：销售条件Terms of payment：支付条款Quotation：报价Inquiry/enquiry 询价Letter of credit：信用证Irrevocable L/C：不可撤销信用证Confirmed L/C：保兑的信用证Transferable L/C：可转让的信用证Offer：报盘Firm offer：实盘non–firm offer：虚盘counter offer：还盘FOB: 离岸价CIF : 到岸价，运费及保险在内价C&F：运费在内价CF&C：运费，佣金在内价CIF&C：保险费，运费，佣金在内价Sales confirmation：销售确认书Delivery：递送，交付货物Up to the present.：到现在为止，迄今为止Expedite : 加速, 加快execute: 执行，完成. Prescribed: 指定的，规定的See to it.: 务必, 一定. stipulation : 条款, 协定Terms of the contract: 合同条款. Cash with order: 订货付款Cash against document(CAD): 贫单付款Cash on delivery (COD): 交货付款advance payment: 预付货款. installment payment: 分期付款Bill of exchange（draft）:汇票Sight draft: 即期汇票Time draft: 远期汇票Clean draft: 光票Documentary draft: 跟单汇票Document against acceptance（D/A）: 承兑交单Document against payment（D/P）: 货款交单Limited liability company/ Co.Ltd=Company limited : 有限责任公司public limited company/ joint stock company/ cooperation limited: 服份有限司listed company/ public company: 上市公司township enterprise: 乡镇企业agency service: 代理服务transit trade/ carrying trade: 转口贸易bonded area: 保税区sales for commission: 佣金代理incorporated company: 股份有限公司corporate citizen: 企业公民procurement cost: 采购成本procurement price: 采购价格satisfaction index: 满意度指数export volume : 出口额chain store :连锁商店retail industry: 零售业Business philosophy: 经营理念Business tenet: 经营宗旨Market- orientation: 市场化Operating mechanism: 经营机制Operating principle: 经营准则Corporate governance: 法人治理Keep/ be (at) the cutting edge: 引领潮流Joint stock company: 股份制企业Business portfolio: 业务组合Commercial invoice: 商业发票Clean ocean bill of lading: 清洁海运提单Blank endorsed: 空白背书Memo: 备忘录Certificate of quality: 质量证明Certificate of origin: 产地证明Dispatch(+to): 发送Accountee: 开证人Beneficiary: 受益人Validity of the credit: 信用证有效期Full cable of credit: 电开信用证Clean L/C: 光票信用证Brief cable of credit: 简电开信用证Confirmed L/C: 保兑的信用证To amend L/C: 修改信用证Unconfirmed L/C: 不保兑的信用证revocable L/C: 可撤销的信用证Transferable L/C: 可转让信用证Inrevocable L/C: 不可撤销的信用证untransferable L/C: 不可转让信用证Sight payment L/C: 即期付款信用证reciprocal L/C: 对开信用证Usance L/C: 远期信用证revolving L/C: 循环信用证Documentary L/C anticipatory L/C: 预支信用证Trap/ form of credit: 信用证类型/形式Date of issue: 开证日期Terms of validity: 信用证有效期L/C amount: 信用证金额expiry date: 有效期限L/C number: 信用证号码Applicant: 开证申请人Advising bank: 通知行Opener: 开证人negotiating bank: 议付行issue bank: 开证行Confirming bank: 保兑行Paying bank: 付款行reimbursing bank: 偿付行Accepting bank: 承兑行Notifying bank: 通知行Transmitting bank: 转递行Duplicate: 副本Invoice value: 发票金额All risks : 综合险War risks : 战争险with Average(W.A): 基本险irrespective of : 不考虑不顾Total Loss Only(T.L.O): 全损险CIC=China Insurance Clause : 中国保险条款Free from Particular Average(F.P.A): 平安险With Particular Average(W.P.A): 水渍险T.P.N.D(Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery): 偷窃及提货不着险Fresh and/ or Rain Water Damage Risks: 淡水雨淋险Shortage risks : 短量险Clash & Breakage Risks: 破损及破碎险Leakage Risks : 渗漏险Sweating & Heating Risks : 受潮受热险Taint of Odor Risks: 串味险Hook Damage Risks: 钩损险Rust Risk: 锈损险Breakage or Packing Risks: 包装破裂险S.R.C.C（Strikes，Riots,Civil Commotions: 罢工暴动民变险次重点信头：Letter Head参考编号：Reference Namber信内地址：Inside Address经办人：Attention Line称呼：Salutation事由：Subject Line正文：Body of the Letter结束语：Complimentary Close签名：Signature信函处理人代号：Initials附件：Enclosure抄送：Carbon Copy Notation附言：postscriptThe commercial counselors office: 商务参赞处The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in……中国驻……大使馆avail oneself of something：充分利用某物Business line：产品的分类，种别，经营范围Upon receipt of：一收到……就out of line : 不符合make：（产品的）牌子，类型，型号the case：事实come to terms：达成协议long-standing : 长期存在的at one's earliest convenience: 尽快metric ton : 公吨comply with : 遵从，服从as follow : 如下gunny bag : 麻包in favor of : 以……为收款人stock: 现货，存货on hand：现有，在手头effect：使发生，引起，实现approval：同意，赞成Cannot but :只好，不得不Lodge a claim against sb: 向某人提出索赔recourse: 救助对象be apt to do: 易于做有做……得倾向misjudge: 对……形成错误概念unit7trust company : 信托公司investment company: 投资公司consulting company: 咨询公司parent company: 母公司transnational company/ multinational company: 跨国公司subsidiary company/ daughter company/ controlled company/ constituent company/ associated company/ underlying company: 子公司solely foreign-funded enterprise: 外方独资企业commission: 调试part and component: 零部件associate: 同事，员工in-kind support: 实物支持/赞助/帮助/物品procure: 获得采购franchise store : 特许商店franchiser/franchisor: 特许者，特许授权人FMGG=Fast Moving Consumer Goods: 快熟消费品top performer: 最佳企业/ 演员/ 运动员/ 球员MNC= multinational corporation: 跨国公司Integration/ Integrated: 一体化Listed/ Public: 上市的pursuant to/ In accordance with: 依据H share: H股股票issue/Float: 发行total capital stock: 总股本Hold: 持股Pipeline transportation: 管道运输synthetic: 合成monomer: 单体Polymer: 聚合物Intermediate: 中间产品Holding/ Controlling: 控股Equity participation: 参股Subsidiary: 子公司Branch: 分公司assets: 资产synergy/ Integration: 整合。

（完整版）CATTI三级笔译常用词组致力于、从事于：be committed to 、engage in、embark onWe will work to、look to、seek to、endeavor to、strive to我们要努力……We will adopt +nBear :承担，具有，结果，支撑，向左（右）转，携带Score：赢得，得分，二十，报复，了解Mark：标志，庆祝,表明，评价Boast：吹嘘，拥有Endow：赋予，资助Harness: 利用，马具发展、提高、促进、增加等意思：develop, upgrade, enrich, improve, advance, pursue, move forward, forge ahead, enhance, sharpen, widen, broaden, quicken, accelerate, speed up, step up 减少裁员: slash, cut(down), shed, downsize, diminish, dwindle、eliminate超过exceed 、surpass 、top、overtake、transcend、go beyond保卫、支持: safeguard、uphold、support利用maximize、fully leverage、fully unleash、give full play to、make best use of showcaseappearemergerepresentdeliver：实现，履行，发表，represent: 代表，表现，象征，回忆on the rise、on the decrease、on the decline(在衰退中)gear to 适应，配合prevail: 战胜，盛行embrace：包含，接受，拥抱cherishseize、grasp、grapple withburden、saddle withDifference、disparity明显差异、discrepancy差异矛盾usher 引领，开辟carve out 创业，开拓，雕刻identify 发现，确认，标志，使易于辨认。

翻译硕士（MTI）经典素材-笔译常用词汇（新闻）倒叙 inverted pyramid style回访 return visit均势 balance of power社论 editorial试播 start trial broadcasts述评 commentary顺叙 pyramid style主编 chief editor直播 live broadcast专电 special dispathc编者按editor’s note读者量 readership发刊词 prospectus发行量 circulation公正性 fairness画外音 voiceover幻灯片 slideshows时效性 timeliness假新闻 pseudo-news教育性 enrichment可信度 credibility新闻稿 news release言论版 opinion page本报记者 staff writer编辑主任 managing editor标题妙语 headline witticism常驻记者 resident correspondent地方新闻 local news电视指南 TV Guide电视转播 on-camera delivery独家新闻exlusive news扼要重述 recap the headlines发布公报issue a communiqué封锁消息 news blackout公众意识 public consciousness国际新闻 world news国内新闻 domestic news滚动报道 running/rolling stories记者新闻 eye-account经济新闻 economic news媒体炒作 press hype秘密采访 covert coverage民意测验 opinion poll目标受众 targeted audience深度报道 in-depth report视频新闻 video broadcasts双休特刊 double dayoff supplement体育新闻 sports news网络浏览 browse网络审查 web censorship网络杂志 online magazine网上报纸 online newspaper微型新闻 mini-story文化差异 cultural differences文化干扰 cultural interference文化新闻 cultural news细分受众 narrowly defined audience现场采访 on-the-spot intterview新闻官员 information officer新闻联播 news hook-up新闻审查 news censorship新闻线索 news peg新闻英语 journalistic English新闻自由 freedom of the press音频播放 audio presentations有偿信息 paid messages赠阅发行 controlled circulation战地记者 war correspondent政府声明 government statement政治新闻 political news招待主编 executive editor抓拍镜头 candid camera标签式导语 label lead概括性导语 summary lead记者招待会 press/conference据外电报道 foreign radios announce描写性导语 descriptive lead评论和专栏 commentaries and columns突发性新闻 breaking news新闻发布会 news briefing要点式导语 main fact lead引语式导语 quotation lead争取收视率 grab ratings自由撰稿人 freelancer传播小道消息 grapevine news报道国际形势 do reportage on the international situation单一事件报道 single event coverage揭露丑闻的人 muckraker社会新闻特稿 social event feature外交部发言人 Foreign Ministry spokesman网络新闻资源 Internet news resources（对稿件）删改 trim对比性背景材料 contrast background分析性背景材料 interpretative background谈话节目主持人 talk-show host未经证实的消息 unconfirmed report新闻价值的要素 news value determinants纵向性综合报道 vertical roundups标题、导语和正文 headline, lead, body对听众有巨大影响 have a tremendous impact on the audience自身（内向）转播 intrapersonal communication横排形式／竖排形式 horizontal form; vertical form就新闻报道发表社论 editorialize on the news report平面（纸质）新闻媒体 print journalism（大型活动的）记者席 press tribune（电台、电视台）现场报道 ad-lib报刊所具有的超越国界的影响the press’s transnational ramifications贯彻百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针 carry out the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend国际关系中的）单极、两极、多极与无极 unipolarity, bipolarity, multipolarity and nonpolarity内容永远主宰高质量的新闻和新闻教育，传输系统永远是第二性的。

001.素质教育：quality education002. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数educational quotient，另一种情感商数emotional quotient 003. 保险业：the insurance industry004. 保证重点支出：ensure funding for priority areas005. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears006. 不良贷款：non-performing loan007. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting008. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas009. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents010. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers011. 出口信贷：export credit012. 贷款质量：loan quality013. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 014. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks015. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project016. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction017. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels018. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions019. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes020. 跟踪审计：follow-up auditing021. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects022. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets023. 过度开垦：excess reclamation024. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects025. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy026. 基本生活费：basic allowance027. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation028. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision029. 经济安全：economic security030. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 031. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand032. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth033. 粮食仓库：grain depot034. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise035. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds036. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market037. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering038. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款：arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines039. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇：obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage040. 融资渠道：financing channels041. 商业信贷原则：the principles for commercial credit042. 社会保险机构：social security institution043. 失业保险金：unemployment insurance benefits044. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税：tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes045. 外汇收支：foreign exchange revenue and spending046. 安居工程：housing project for low-income urban residents047. 信息化：information-based; informationization048. 智力密集型：concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive049. 外资企业：overseas-funded enterprises050. 下岗职工：laid-off workers051. 分流：reposition of redundant personnel052. 素质教育：education for all-round development053. 豆腐渣工程：jerry-built projects054. 社会治安情况：law-and-order situation055. 民族国家：nation state057. 台湾当局：taiwan authorities058. 台湾同胞：taiwan compatriots059. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：taiwan is an inalienable part of the chinese territory.060. 西部大开发：development of the west regions061. 可持续性发展：sustainable development062. 风险投资：risk investment ( venture capital )063. 通货紧缩：deflation064. 扩大内需：to expand domestic demand065. 计算机辅助教学：computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )066. 网络空间：cyberspace067. 虚拟现实：virtual reality068. 网民：netizen ( net citizen )069. 电脑犯罪：computer crime070. 电子商务：the E-business071. 网上购物：shopping online072. 应试教育：exam-oriented education073. 学生减负：to reduce study load074. “厄尔尼诺”：(EL NINO)075. “拉尼娜”：(LA NINA)076. “智商”：(IQ)077. “情商”：(EQ)078. “第三产业”：(third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises) 79.“第四产业”：(quaternary/information industry)079. “军嫂”：(military spouse)080. “峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)：summit(conference)081. “克隆”：clone082. “冰毒”：ice083. “摇头丸”：dancing outreach084. “传销”：multi level marketing085. “(计算机)2000年问题”：Y2K PROBLEM(Y FOR YEAR, K FOR KILO ORTHOUSAND)086. “白皮书”：white paper(不是white cover book)087. “傻瓜相机”：Instamatic(商标名，焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)088. “白条”：IOU note(IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you的读音缩略转义而来)089. “巡回招聘”：milk round(一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)090. “减员增效”：increase efficiency by downsizing staff；091. “抓大放小”：manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones；092. “市政府要办的N件实事”：N major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government’s working agenda；093. “两个基本点”：two focal points，two of the major points of the line set by the 13th congress of the CPC，i.e. upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reform，opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。