Control of yield stress in low-pressure ceramic injection moldings

建筑专业英语⼀、规划专业英语规划专业英语规划词典环境、基础设施、交通运输环境设计( Environmental design )环境标准( Environmental standards )能源保护( Energy conservation )基础设施( Infrastructure )主⼲道( Arterial road )辅助道路( Collector street )快速⼲道( Freeway )林荫公路( Parkway )居住⾯积密度( Density of living floor area ) 居住建筑⾯积密度( Density of residential floor area ) 居住⼈⼝密度( Density of registered inhabitants )⼈⼝密度( Population density )⼈⼝分布( Population distribution )⼈⼝机械增长( Population growth from migration )居住密度( Residential density )⾼层⾼密度( High-rise/high density )⾼层低密度( High-rise/low density )建筑⾯积⽐( Floor-area ratio )居住建筑⾯积( Residential floor area )建筑⾼度( Building height )建筑红线( Building line )城市设计( Urban design )城市景观( Cityscape )天际线( Skyline )空间布局( Space planning )城市⽹络( Urban network)临街⾯( Frontage )历史⽂化名城保护( Conservation of Historic Cultural Cities ) 古建筑保护( Conservation of historic buildings ) ⽂物古迹保护( Conservation of historic landmarks and sites )历史性建筑保护( Historic preservation )风景名胜保护( Conservation of scenic spots ) 历史性市区( Historic district )绿带( Greenbelt )城市规划( Urban planning )总体规划( Comprehensive planning )详细规划( Detailed planning )城市分区规划( City district planning ) 功能规划( Functional planning )住房建设规划( Housing program )实体规划( Physical planning )城市性质( Designated function of a city ) 竖向规划( Site engineering )国⼟规划( Territorial planning )建设场地规划( Site planning ) 城市⼈防规划( Civil defense planning ) 城市防灾规划(Disaster planning )城市抗震规划( Seismic planning )临界分析(门槛理论) ( Threshold analysis ) ⽤地平衡( Land use banlance )⼟地使⽤控制( Land use controls )⼟地利⽤规划图( Land use plan )⼟地利⽤调查( Land use survey ) 城市⽤地评价( Land use assessment )城市规模( City size )商业⽹点( Commercial network )城市改造( Urban redevelopment )地形测量( Topographic survey )区位理论( Location Theory )可持续发展( Sustainable development )⼆、结构⼯程常⽤词汇结构⼯程常⽤词汇混凝⼟：concrete钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝⼟：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝⼟结构：reinforced concrete structure 板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs刚度：rigidity徐变：creep⽔泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement梁：beam柱：column板：slab剪⼒墙：shear wall基础：foundation剪⼒：shear剪切变形：shear deformation剪切模量：shear modulus拉⼒：tension压⼒：pressure延伸率：percentage of elongation 位移：displacement应⼒：stress应变：strain应⼒集中：concentration of stresses 应⼒松弛：stress relaxation应⼒图：stress diagram应⼒应变曲线：stress-strain curve 应⼒状态：state of stress钢丝：steel wire箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服：yield屈服点：yield point屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield 荷载：load横截⾯：cross section承载⼒：bearing capacity承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus预应⼒钢筋混凝⼟：prestressed reinforced concrete 预应⼒钢筋：prestressed reinforcement 预应⼒损失：loss of prestress预制板：precast slab现浇钢筋混凝⼟结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete 双向配筋：two-way reinforcement 主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending受拉区：tensile region受压区：compressive region塑性：plasticity轴向压⼒：axial pressure轴向拉⼒：axial tension吊车梁：crane beam可靠性：reliability粘结⼒：cohesive force外⼒：external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架：roof truss素混凝⼟：non-reinforced concrete⽆梁楼盖：flat slab配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio泊松⽐：Poisson’s ratio偏⼼受拉：eccentric tension偏⼼受压：eccentric compression偏⼼距：eccentric distance疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏⼼荷载：eccentric load跨度：span跨⾼⽐：span-to-depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构：frame structure集中荷载：concentrated load分布荷载：distribution load分布钢筋：distribution steel挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load设计强度：design strength构造：construction简⽀梁：simple beam截⾯⾯积：area of section浇注：pouring浇注混凝⼟：concreting钢筋搭接：bar splicing刚架：rigid frame脆性：brittleness脆性破坏：brittle failure三、项⽬管理英⽂词汇项⽬管理英⽂词汇ABC Activity Based Costing 基于活动的成本核算ABM Activity Based Management 基于活动的管理ACWP Actual Cost of Work Performed 已完成⼯作实际成本ADM Arrow Diagram Method 箭线图⽅法ADP Automated Data Processing ⾃动化数据处理ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution 替代争议解决⽅案AF Actual Finish Date 实际完成⽇期AFE Application for Expenditure ⽀出申请AFE Authority for Expenditure 开⽀权ALAP As-Late-As-Possible 尽可能晚AMR Advanced Material Release 材料提前发布AOA Activity on Arc 弧线表⽰活动双代号⽹络AOA Activity on Arrow 箭线表⽰活动双代号⽹络AON Activity on Node 节点表⽰活动单代号⽹络AOQ Average Outgoing Quality 平均出⼚质量AOQL Average Outgoing Quality Limit 平均出⼚质量限度APMA Area of Project Management Application 项⽬管理的应⽤领域APR Acquisition Plan Review 采购计划评审AQL Acceptable Quality Level 可接受质量⽔平AS Actual Start Date 实际开始⽇期ASAP As-Soon-As-Possible 尽快ATP Acceptance Test Procedure 验收测试过程AUW Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价⼯作BAC Budget at Completion 完⼯预算BAC Baseline at Completion 完成/完⼯基线BATNA Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement 协议外最佳⽅案BCM Business Change Manager 商业变更经理BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Performed 已完⼯作预算成本BCWS Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled 计划⼯作的预算成本BEC Elapsed Cost 计划⼯作的预算成本BOOT Build, Own, Operate, Transfer 建造拥有经营转让BPA Blanket Purchase Agreement ⼀揽⼦采购协议BSA Balanced Scorecard Approach 平衡记分卡⽅法C/SCSC Cost/Schedule Control System Criteria 成本控制系统标准?C/SSR Cost/Schedule Status Report 成本/进度状态报告CA Control Account 控制帐⽬CAD Computer Aided Drafting/Design 计算机辅助制图/设计CAM Cost Account Manager 成本帐⽬经理CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAM Control Account Manager 控制帐⽬经理CAP Cost Account Plan 成本帐⽬计划CAP Control Account Plan 控制帐⽬计划CAR Capital Appropriation Request 资本划拨请求CBD Component-Based Development 基于构件的开发CBS Cost Breakdown Structure 成本分解结构CCB Change Control Board 变更管理委员会CCDR Contractor Cost Data Report 承包商成本数据报告CDR Critical Design Review 关键设计评审CI Configuration Item 配置项CM Configuration Management/Construction Management 配置管理/施⼯管理CPFFC Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract 成本加固定费⽤合同CPI Cost Performance Index 成本绩效指数CPI Cost Performance Indicator 成本绩效指数CPIFC Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract 成本加奖励费⽤合同CPM Critical Path Method 关键路径法CPN Critical Path Network 关键路径⽹络图CPPC Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract 成本加成本百分⽐合同CPR Cost Performance Ratio 成本绩效⽐率CPR Cost Performance Report 成本绩效报告CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CR Change Request 变更请求CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item 计算机软件配置CSF Critical Success Factors 关键的成功因素CTC Contract Target Cost 合同⽬标成本CTP Contract Target Price 合同⽬标价格CTR Cost-Time Resource Sheet 成本时间资源表CV Cost Variance 成本偏差CWBS Contract Work Breakdown Structure 合同⼯作分解结构DBA Database Administrator 数据库管理员DBM Dynamic Baseline Model 动态基线模型DBMS Database Management System 数据库管理系统DCE Distributed Computing Environment 分布式计算环境DCF Discounted Cash Flow 折现现⾦流DD Data Date 数据⽇期DID Data Item Description ⼯作项描述DRD documentation Requirements Description ⽂档要求说明DU Duration ⼯期持续时间EAC Estimated Actual at Completion 实际完⼯估算ECC Estimated Cost to Complete 尚未完成的成本估算ECP Engineering Change Proposal ⼯程变更建议书EF Early Finish Date 最早完成⽇期EFC Estimated Final Cost 估算的最终成本EMR Expenditure Management Report ⽀出管理报告EPS Enterprise Project Structure 企业项⽬结构ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划ERPS Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 企业资源规划系统ES Early Start Date 最早开始⽇期ESAR Extended Subsequent Applications Review 扩展后续应⽤评审ETC Estimate To Complete 尚未完成/完⼯的估算EV Expected value 期望值EVMS Earned value Management System 挣值管理系统FAC Forecast At Completion 完⼯预测FF Free Float ⾃由浮动时间FFP Firm Fixed Price Contract 严格固定价格合同FIFO First In, First Out 先进先出FM Functional Manager 职能经理FP Fixed Price Contract 固定价格合同FPPIF Fixed Price Plus Incentive Fee Contract 固定价格加激励酬FTC Forecast to Completion 完⼯尚需预测FTP File Transfer Protocol ⽂件传输协议G&A General and Administrative Costs 综合⾏政管理成本G&A General and Administrative 综合⾏政管理费GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 公认会计原则GERT Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique 图形评审技术GUI Graphical User Interface 图形⽤户界⾯四、建筑专业结构英语词汇Aacceptable quality 合格质量acceptance lot 验收批量acierate 钢材admixture 外加剂against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connection ⾼强度螺栓摩擦⾯抗滑移系数aggregate ⾻料air content 含⽓量air-dried timber ⽓⼲材allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall orcolumn 砌体墙、柱容许⾼厚⽐allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细⽐allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压⽊构件容许长细⽐allowable stress range of fatigue 疲劳容许应⼒幅allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement 钢筋拉应变限值allowable value of crack width 裂缝宽度容许值allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件挠度容许值allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受弯⽊构件挠度容许值allowable value of deformation of steel member 钢构件变形容许值allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件变形容许值allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure 抗震结构层间位移⾓限值amplified coefficient of eccentricity 偏⼼距增⼤系数anchorage 锚具anchorage length of steel bar 钢筋锚固长度approval analysis during construction stage 施⼯阶段验算arch 拱arch with tie rod 拉捍拱arch—shaped roof truss 拱形屋架area of shear plane 剪⾯⾯积area of transformed section 换算截⾯⾯积aseismic design 建筑抗震设计assembled monolithic concrete structure 装配整体式混凝⼟结构automatic welding ⾃动焊接auxiliary steel bar 架⽴钢筋Bbackfilling plate 垫板balanced depth of compression zone 界限受压区⾼度balanced eccentricity 界限偏⼼距bar splice 钢筋接头bark pocket 夹⽪batten plate 缀板beam 次梁bearing plate of notch 齿承压⾯(67)bearing plate ⽀承板(52)bearing stiffener ⽀承加劲肋(52)bent-up steel bar 弯起钢筋(35)block 砌块(43)block masonry 砌块砌体(44)block masonry structure 砌块砌体结构(41)blow hole ⽓孔(62)board 板材(65)bolt 螺栓(54)bolted connection (钢结构)螺栓连接(59)bolted joint (⽊结构)螺栓连接(69)bolted steel structure 螺栓连接钢结构(50)bonded prestressed concrete structure 有粘结预应⼒混凝⼟结构(24) bow 顺弯(71)brake member 制动构件(7)breadth of wall between windows 窗间墙宽度(46)brick masonry 砖砌体(44)brick masonry column 砖砌体柱(42)brick masonry structure 砖砌体结构(41)brick masonry wall 砖砌体墙(42)broad—leaved wood 阔叶树材(65)building structural materials 建筑结构材料(17)building structural unit 建筑结构单元(building structure 建筑结构(2built—up steel column 格构式钢柱(51bundled tube structure 成束筒结构(3burn—through 烧穿(62butt connection 对接(59butt joint 对接(70)butt weld 对接焊缝(60)Ccalculating area of compression member 受压构件计算⾯积(67) calculating overturning point 计算倾覆点(46)calculation of load-carrying capacity of member 构件承载能⼒计算(10) camber of structural member 结构构件起拱(22) cantilever beam 挑梁(42)cap of reinforced concrete column 钢筋混凝⼟柱帽(27)carbonation of concrete 混凝⼟碳化(30) cast-in—situ concrete slab column structure 现浇板柱结构cast-in—situ concrete structure 现浇混凝⼟结构(25)cavitation 孔洞(39)cavity wall 空⽃墙(42)cement ⽔泥(27)cement content ⽔泥含量(38)cement mortar ⽔泥砂浆(43)characteristic value of live load on floor or roof 楼⾯、屋⾯活荷载标准值(14)characteristic value of wind load 风荷载标准值(16) characteristic value of concrete compressive strength 混凝⼟轴⼼抗压强度标准值(30)characteristic value of concrete tensile strength 混凝⼟轴⼼抗拉标准值(30)characteristic value of cubic concrete compressive strength 混凝⼟⽴⽅体抗压强度标准值(29)characteristic value of earthquake action 地震作⽤标准值(16) characteristic value of horizontal crane load 吊车⽔平荷载标准值(15) characteristic value of masonry strength 砌体强度标准值(44) characteristic value of permanent action·永久作⽤标准值(14) characteristic value of snowload 雪荷载标准值(15)characteristic value of strength of steel 钢材强度标准值(55)characteristic value of strength of steel bar 钢筋强度标准值(31)characteristic value of uniformly distributed live load 均布活标载标准值(14)characteristic value of variable action 可变作⽤标准值(14)characteristic value of vertical crane load 吊车竖向荷载标准值(15)characteristic value of material strength 材料强度标准值(18)checking section of log structural member·，原⽊构件计算截⾯(67)chimney 烟囱(3)circular double—layer suspended cable 圆形双层悬索(6)circular single—layer suspended cable 圆形单层悬索(6)circumferential weld 环形焊缝(60)classfication for earthquake—resistance of buildings·建筑结构抗震设防类别(9)clear height 净⾼(21)clincher 扒钉(?0)coefficient of equivalent bending moment of eccentrically loaded steel memher(beam-column) 钢压弯构件等效弯矩系数(58)cold bend inspection of steelbar 冷弯试验(39)cold drawn bar 冷拉钢筋(28)cold drawn wire 冷拉钢丝(29)cold—formed thin—walled sectionsteel 冷弯薄壁型钢(53)cold-formed thin-walled steel structure·‘冷弯薄壁型钢结构(50) cold—rolled deformed bar 冷轧带肋钢筋(28)column bracing 柱间⽀撑(7)combination value of live load on floor or roof 楼⾯、屋⾯活荷载组合值(15)compaction 密实度(37)compliance control 合格控制(23)composite brick masonry member 组合砖砌体构件(42)composite floor system 组合楼盖(8)composite floor with profiled steel sheet 压型钢板楼板(8)composite mortar 混合砂浆(43)composite roof truss 组合屋架(8)composite member 组合构件(8)compound stirrup 复合箍筋(36)compression member with large eccentricity·⼤偏⼼受压构件(32)compression member with small eccentricity·⼩偏⼼受压构件(32)compressive strength at an angle with slope of grain 斜纹承压强度(66)compressive strength perpendicular to grain 横纹承压强度(66)concentration of plastic deformation 塑性变形集中(9) conceptual earthquake—resistant design 建筑抗震概念设计(9)concrete 混凝⼟(17)concrete column 混凝⼟柱(26)concrete consistence 混凝⼟稠度(37)concrete folded—plate structure 混凝⼟折板结构(26)concrete foundation 混凝⼟基础(27)concrete mix ratio 混凝⼟配合⽐(38)concrete wall 混凝⼟墙(27)concrete-filled steel tubular member 钢管混凝⼟构件(8)conifer 针叶树材(65)coniferous wood 针叶树材(65)connecting plate 连接板(52)connection 连接(21)connections of steel structure 钢结构连接(59)connections of timber structure ⽊结构连接(68)consistency of mortar 砂浆稠度(48)constant cross—section column 等截⾯柱(7)construction and examination concentrated load 施⼯和检修集中荷载(15) continuous weld 连续焊缝(60)core area of section 截⾯核芯⾯积(33)core tube supported structure 核⼼筒悬挂结构(3)corrosion of steel bar 钢筋锈蚀(39)coupled wall 连肢墙(12)coupler 连接器(37)coupling wall—beam 连梁(12)coupling wall—column... 墙肢(12)coursing degree of mortar 砂浆分层度(48)cover plate 盖板(52)covered electrode 焊条(54)crack 裂缝(?0)crack resistance 抗裂度(31)crack width 裂缝宽度(31)crane girder 吊车梁(?)crane load 吊车荷载(15)creep of concrete 混凝⼟徐变(30)crook 横弯(71)cross beam 井字梁(6)cup 翘弯curved support 弧形⽀座(51)cylindrical brick arch 砖筒拱(43)Ddecay 腐朽(71)decay prevention of timber structure ⽊结构防腐(70)defect in timber ⽊材缺陷(70)deformation analysis 变形验算(10)degree of gravity vertical for structure or structural member·结构构件垂直度(40)degree of gravity vertical forwall surface 墙⾯垂直度(49)degree of plainness for structural member 构件平整度(40) degree of plainness for wall surface 墙⾯平整度(49) depth of compression zone 受压区⾼度(32)depth of neutral axis 中和轴⾼度(32)depth of notch 齿深(67)design of building structures 建筑结构设计(8)design value of earthquake-resistant strength of materials 材料抗震强度设计值(1design value of load—carrying capacity of members·构件承载能⼒设计值(1designations 0f steel 钢材牌号(53design value of material strength 材料强度设计值(1destructive test 破损试验(40detailing reinforcement 构造配筋(35detailing requirements 构造要求(22diamonding 菱形变形(71)diaphragm 横隔板(52dimensional errors 尺⼨偏差(39)distribution factor of snow pressure 屋⾯积雪分布系数dogspike 扒钉(70)double component concrete column 双肢柱(26)dowelled joint 销连接(69)down-stayed composite beam 下撑式组合粱(8)ductile frame 延性框架(2)dynamic design 动态设计(8)Eearthquake-resistant design 抗震设计(9：earthquake-resistant detailing requirements 抗震构造要求(22) effective area of fillet weld ⾓焊缝有效⾯积(57) effective depth of section 截⾯有效⾼度(33)effective diameter of bolt or high-strength bolt·螺栓(或⾼强度螺栓)有效直径(57)effective height 计算⾼度(21)effective length 计算长度(21)effective length of fillet weld ⾓焊缝有效计算长度(48) effective length of nail 钉有效长度(56)effective span 计算跨度(21)effective supporting length at end of beam 梁端有效⽀承长度(46)effective thickness of fillet weld ⾓焊缝有效厚度(48)elastic analysis scheme 弹性⽅案(46)elastic foundation beam 弹性地基梁(11)elastic foundation plate 弹性地基板(12)elastically suppo rted continuous girder·弹性⽀座连续梁(u)elasticity modulus of materials 材料弹性模量(18)elongation rate 伸长率(15)embeded parts 预埋件(30)enhanced coefficient of local bearing strength of materials·局部抗压强度提⾼系数(14)entrapped air 含⽓量(38)equilibrium moisture content 平衡含⽔率(66)equivalent slenderness ratio 换算长细⽐(57)equivalent uniformly distributed live load·等效均布活荷载(14)effective cross—section area of high-strength bolt·⾼强度螺栓的有效截⾯积(58) ·、effective cross—section area of bolt 螺栓有效截⾯⾯积(57)euler's critical load 欧拉临界⼒(56)euler's critical stress 欧拉临界应⼒(56)excessive penetration 塌陷(62)Ffiber concrete 纤维混凝仁(28)filler plate 填板门2)fillet weld ⾓焊缝(61)final setting time 终凝时间()finger joint 指接(69)fired common brick 烧结普通砖(43)fish eye ⽩点(62)fish—belly beam ⾓腹式梁(7)fissure 裂缝(?0)flexible connection 柔性连接(22)flexural rigidity of section 截⾯弯曲刚度(19)flexural stiffness of member 构件抗弯刚度(20)floor plate 楼板(6)floor system 楼盖(6)four sides(edges)supported plate 四边⽀承板(12)frame structure 框架结构(2)frame tube structure 单框筒结构(3)frame tube structure 框架—简体结构(2)frame with sidesway 有侧移框架(12)frame without sidesway ⽆侧移框架(12)frange plate 翼缘板(52)friction coefficient of masonry 砌体摩擦系数(44)full degree of mortar at bed joint 砂浆饱满度(48)function of acceptance 验收函数(23)Ggang nail plate joint 钉板连接()glue used for structural timber ⽊结构⽤胶glued joint 胶合接头glued laminated timber 层板胶合⽊(¨)glued laminated timber structure 层板胶合结构‘61)girder 主梁((㈠grip 夹具grith weld 环形焊缝(6÷))groove 坡⼝gusset plate 节点板(52)Hhanger 吊环hanging steel bar 吊筋heartwood ⼼材heat tempering bar 热处理钢筋(28)height variation factor of wind pressure 风压⾼度变化系数(16)heliral weld 螺旋形僻缝high—strength bolt ⾼强度螺栓high—strength bolt with large hexagon bea ⼤六⾓头⾼强度螺栓high—strength bolted bearing type join 承压型⾼强度螺栓连接，high—strength bolted connection ⾼强度螺栓连接high—strength bolted friction—type joint 摩擦型⾼强度螺栓连接high—strength holted steel slsteel structure ⾼强螺栓连接钢结构hinge support 铰轴⽀座(51)hinged connection 铰接(21)hingeless arch ⽆铰拱(12)hollow brick 空⼼砖(43)hollow ratio of masonry unit 块体空⼼率(46)honeycomb 蜂窝(39)hook 弯钩(37)hoop 箍筋(36)hot—rolled deformed bar 热轧带肋钢筋(28)hot—rolled plain bar 热轧光圆钢筋(28)hot-rolled section steel 热轧型钢(53)hunched beam 加腋梁(?)Iimpact toughness 冲击韧性(18)impermeability 抗渗性(38)inclined section 斜截⾯(33)inclined stirrup 斜向箍筋(36)incomplete penetration 未焊透(61)incomplete tusion 未溶合(61)incompletely filled groove 未焊满(61)indented wire 刻痕钢丝(29)influence coefficient for load—bearing capacity of compressionmember 受压构件承载能⼒影响系数(46)influence coefficient for spacial action 空间性能影响系数(46)initial control 初步控制(22)insect prevention of timber structure ⽊结构防⾍(?o) inspection for properties of glue used in structural member 结构⽤胶性能检验(71)inspection for properties of masonry units 块体性能检验(48) inspection for properties of mortar 砂浆性能检验(48) inspection for properties of steelbar 钢筋性能检验(39) integral prefabricated prestressed concrete slab—column structure 整体预应⼒板柱结构(25)intermediate stiffener 中间加劲肋(53)intermittent weld 断续焊缝(60)Jjoint of reinforcement 钢筋接头(35)Kkey joint 键连接(69)kinetic design 动态设计(8)knot 节⼦(⽊节)(70)Llaced of battened compression member 格构式钢柱(51) lacing and batten elements 缀材(缀件)(51)lacing bar 缀条(51)lamellar tearing 层状撕裂(62)lap connection 叠接(搭接)(59)lapped length of steel bar 钢筋搭接长度(36) large panel concrete structure 混凝⼟⼤板结构(25) large-form concrete structure ⼤模板结构(26)lateral bending 侧向弯曲(40)lateral displacement stiffness of storey 楼层侧移刚度(20) lateral displacement stiffness of structure·结构侧移刚度(20) lateral force resistant wallstructure 抗侧⼒墙体结构(12) leg size of fillet weld ⾓焊缝焊脚尺⼨(57)length of shear plane 剪⾯长度(67)lift—slab structure 升板结构(25)light weight aggregate concrete 轻⾻料混凝⼟(28)limit of acceptance 验收界限(23)limitimg value for local dimension of masonry structure·砌体结构局部尺⼨限值(47)limiting value for sectional dimension 截⾯尺⼨限值(47)limiting value for supporting length ⽀承长度限值(47) limiting value for total height of masonry structure·砌体结构总⾼度限值(47)linear expansion coefficient 线膨胀系数(18)lintel 过梁(7)load bearing wall 承重墙(7)load-carrying capacity per bolt 单个普通螺栓承载能⼒(56) load—carrying capacity per high—strength holt 单个⾼强螺桂承载能⼒(56)load—carrying capacity per rivet 单个铆钉承载能⼒(55)log 原⽊(65)log timber structure 原⽊结构(64)long term rigidity of member 构件长期刚度(32)longitude horizontal bracing 纵向⽔平⽀撑(5)longitudinal steel bar 纵向钢筋(35)。

足够的压力英语短语在大家的理解之中，足够的压力会用什么样的英语短语表达呢?下面是店铺给大家整理的足够的压力英语短语，供大家参阅!足够的压力英语短语Sufficient pressure例句：1. Only then can we have enough pressure to motivate themselves.只有这样,我们才能有足够的压力来激励自己.2. A pressure transmitter monitors that the pressure level is sufficient and a valve prevents excessive pressure.用一个压力变送监视器保证足够的压力,用一个安全阀防止过压.3. This has proved a sham because they failed to apply enough pressure on its regime.这被看作是一个藉口,因为他们没有向该政权施加足够的压力.4. The essence of liquidity is the ability to raise ready money to meet pressing spending needs.流动性的本质是一种能提供足够的金钱来应对支出性压力的能力.5. Avoid situations that cause tension or stress, exercise regularly, and get enough sleep.原离那些引起紧张、压力的环境, 定期锻炼并保证足够的睡眠.6. By then , it is hoped, the economy will be strong enough to withstand it.希望到那时, 经济能够足够强大,承受该项计划实施所带来的压力.7. It was not clear that Nixon retained enough authority to manage the manifold pressures descend him.尼克松是否还保持着足够的权威来对付即将降临到他头上的多方面的压力,还很不清楚.8. The problem due to lack of sleep arose by pressure hasn tyet been fully recognized.然而目前对青少年由于学习压力等造成的睡眠不足现象却没有引起足够的重视.9. Without Beijing's help, you're never going to muster enough economic pressure to change our ways.没有北京的帮助, 你们就不能施加足够的经济压力以改变我们的态度.10. At sufficiently high temperature and low pressure this ratio approaches the value R for ideal gas.在足够高的温度和足够低的压力下,这个比值趋于理想气体的R值.11. Am I mature enough to cope with the stresses of venturing outside my own culture?我是不是已足够成熟,能应付得了脱离自己文化时的种种压力?12. Enormous pressure on lifting the ban, the need for enough funds to undertake.巨大解禁压力, 需要足够多的资金进行承接.压力的英语短语他不会在他们的压力下屈服的。

复合材料英汉词汇Fabric composites||织物复合材料Fabric impregnation||织物浸渍Fabric preform||织物预成型Fabric prereg||织物预浸料Fabrication parameter||制造参数Fabrication procedure||制造工序Fabricating machinery||加工设备Face plate coupling||法兰式连接Factory primer||工厂底漆，工厂防锈漆Fairing||整流罩，整流装置Fairing panel||前裙板Fascia bracket||仪表板支架Fascia mask||仪表板罩板Fastening clamp||夹紧装置，紧固夹子Fatigue tension test||拉伸疲劳性试验FCM(Fibrous Composite material)||纤维复合材料FEA(Finite Element Anlysis)||有限元分析Feed system||供料系统Feeding pump||供给泵Feeding speed||进给速度Female groove||凹模Female mould(tooling)||阴模Fender||翼子板；护板Fender apron||挡泥板Fender inner panel||翼子板内衬护板Fiber composite laminate||纤维复合材料层板Fiber mat layer||纤维毡层Finisher(Finishing component)||装饰件Flange||法兰, 凸缘Flange fitting||法兰式管接头Flash||毛边Flash mold||毛边模具Front sheet metal||车前板制件Fuselage fairing||机身整流装置Gage kit||仪表组，仪表套件Gas cavity||气泡，砂眼Gauge panel||仪表板Gear assembly||齿轮传动装置, 减速器Gearbox cover||变速器壳盖Gear bracket support||齿轮托支架Gel coat||胶衣,凝胶涂层Gel coat drum||胶衣圆桶Gel coat flow monitor||胶衣流量监控器Gel time||凝胶时间Glass fiber winding machine||玻璃纤维缠绕机Glass wool||玻璃棉Glass yarn||玻璃丝Guiding device||导向装置Gunk||预混料Gusset||角撑件Gutter channel||流水槽Hand lay-up ||手工铺叠，手工铺贴Hardness testing machine||硬度测试仪Hauling truck||拖车Header board outside panel||前板外板Headrest||靠枕Heat barrier material||隔热材料Heat forming||热成型High molecular material||高分子材料High pressure bag molding||高压袋成型工艺High pressure injection moulding||高压注射成型，高压注射模塑High-strength structural adhesives||高强度结构粘合剂High temperature coating||高温涂层Hose support||软管支架Hub assembly||毂组件Hub bearing||车轮轮毂轴承Hydraulic device||液压装置Hydraulic engine||液压发动机Hydrostatic strength||流体静力强度IMC(In-Mold Coating)||模具内部涂层Immersion paint||浸漆Immersion test||浸渍试验，浸泡试验Immovable support||固定刀架Impact analysis||碰撞试验撞击分析Impact bending||冲击挠曲Impact specimen||冲击试样Impegnate||浸渍Impelling strength||冲击韧性Injection head||注射头Injection-moulded composites||注射模塑复合材料Injection moulded part||注塑制件Injection nozzle||注射喷口，压注喷口Intermittent entry||间歇供给，不连续供给Intermittent failure||间接性故障Izod test||悬臂冲击试验Jack||千斤顶，起重器；传动装置Jack engine||辅助发动机Jackbit insert||切刀，刀具，刃口Jacket||护套，套管，保护罩，蒙皮Jar-proof||防震的Jaw||钳口；定位销Jell||胶凝，凝固，固结Jet milling||喷射研磨Jig||夹具，定位模具Jig-adjusted||粗调的Job program||工作程序Joining nipple||接合螺管Joining on butt||对头接合Joint face of a pattern||分模面Joint gate||分型面内浇口Joint packing||填充垫圈，接合填密Joint sealing material||填缝料Joint-shaped support||铰接支架Joint strenght||连接强度Jump welded tube||对缝焊管，焊接管Junction bolt||接合螺栓Junction point||接点Keeping life||保存期，产品有效期Kenel||型芯Ketene||乙烯酮, 烯酮Ketene dimethyl||二甲酮Ketimide||酰基酮亚胺Ketimine||酮亚胺Ketoamine||酮胺，氨基酮Ketol||乙酮醇Ketone||甲酮Keying strength||咬合强度Knife holder||刀具，刀架Knockout||脱模Knockout pin||脱模销Knockout plate||脱模板Knoop scale||努氏硬度标度Knuckle joint||铰链连接Koplon||高湿模量粘胶纤维Koroseal||氯乙烯树脂Lacquer||挥发性漆；涂漆Lacquer finish||喷漆，上漆，罩光Lacquer formation||漆膜形成，成漆Lacquer putty||腻子，整面用油灰Lacquering ||上清漆Laminate construction thickness||结构层厚度Laminated panel||薄层状板Laminated plastics||层压塑料制品, 塑料层板Laminated thermosetting plastics||层压热固塑料Latex paints ||清漆Lay-up||(塑料，夹板的)铺叠成型Light-alloy body part||轻合金车身零件Lining ||衬里，衬垫Loaded haul cycle||载货行程Location bearing||定位轴承Location guide||固定导杆，定位导杆Location hole||定位孔Location tolerance||位置公差, 安装公差Locatin pin||定位销Lock bolt||锁紧螺钉Low pressure injection moulding||低压模塑成型Low shrink resin||低收缩树脂Luggage rack||行李架Machining accuracy||加工精度Machining center||加工中心Main shaft gear bushing||主轴齿轮衬套Mandrel ||卷芯，模芯；芯轴Manifold hood||歧管外罩Manual Lay-Up||人工手糊Manual spray-up||手工喷射Manual truck||手推车Manufacturing drawing||制造图纸Matched molds||合模Matrix ||基体，基质Mechanical properties||机械性能Metal bonding||金属粘结Metal-working machine||金属加工机床Methanol||甲醇Mismachining tolerance||加工误差Modular||组装式的Mofulus of elasticity||弹性模量Mould operation||模具操作Moulded plastics||模压塑料Moulding||嵌条；成型；装饰件Mount support||装配支架Multi-axial stress||多轴向应力Multi-tool machining||多刀切削加工Needled mat||针刺毡，针织毡Non-ductile fracture||无塑性破坏Nontwisting fiber||不加捻纤维Notched izod test||带缺口悬臂梁式冲击试验Nozzle||管嘴，喷嘴Numerically controlled engine lathe||数控普通车床Nylon resin||尼龙树脂OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) ||原始设备生产商Offset cab||侧置驾驶室On-site forming||现场发泡On-site winding||现场缠绕成型Open molding||敞开式模塑法Opening mould||开模Optimized design||优化设计Orifice||注孔Orthophenyl tolyl ketone||邻苯基甲苯基酮Orthophthalic resin ortho||邻苯二甲酸树脂Osmotic pressure||渗透压力Outboard wing||外翼Outer panel skin||蒙皮Oven heating||烘箱加热，加热固化Over-engineering||过份设计的Over flow||溢流Over-spray||过喷Overhead traveling crane||高空移动行车Overhead-valve engine||顶置气门发动机Overhung trailer||外伸式拖车Oxide paint||氧化物涂料Package power||动力装置总成Packed ||紧密的，密实的；有密封的，有填料的Packing||衬垫；填料，密封填料；包装PAD(Paint As Required)||按需涂漆Paint base coat||上底漆Paint blemish||涂漆缺陷Paint blower||喷漆用压力机，喷漆枪Paint brush||涂漆刷Paint dilution||油漆稀释PE(Polyethlene)||聚乙烯Pedestal mounted||落地安装的Phenolic plastic||酚醛塑料Phenyl ketone||苯基甲酮Pit mounted||嵌入式安装Pivotal arm||枢轴Platic structural component||塑料结构零部件Plastic upholstery||(座椅)塑料蒙面Play compensation||间隙补偿PLC(Programmable Logical Controller) ||可编程序逻辑控制器Polycarbonate plastics||聚碳酸脂塑料Polyester resin||聚脂树脂Polyimide||聚酰亚胺Polymer||聚合物，高分子，多聚体Polyurethane foam||聚氨酯泡沫塑料Polyvinyl||聚乙烯的, 聚乙烯Polyvinyl fluoride||聚氟乙烯Prefabricated parts||成品零部件，制造好的零部件Propylene resin||丙烯类树脂Protecting lacquer||防护漆PSF(Polystyrene Foam)||聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene)||聚四氟乙烯Pultrusion||拉挤成型Putty knife||油灰（腻子）刮铲QC(Quality Control)||质量控制QCS(Quality Control Standard)||质量管理控制标准QR(Quality Requirements)||质量规格(要求)Quality certification||质量认证Quantity production||大量（成批）生产，大规模生产Quantity production||大量（成批）生产，大规模生产Quarter panel brace||后侧围板支撑件Quarter panel lower extension||后侧围板下延伸部Quarter trim cap||后侧围装饰板盖Quarte wheel house||后侧围轮滚罩，后侧围车轮室Quasi-isotropic laminate||准各向同性层板Quench||淬火Rack truck||架子车, 移动架Radial dispersion||径向位移Radial loading||径向力(载荷)Radial pump||径向离心泵Radiation protective paint||防辐射涂料Radiator||散热器Rag||毛刺RARTM(Rubber-assisted RTM)||橡胶辅助RTM(用橡胶取代芯材的热膨胀RTM) Reactive resin||活性树脂, 反应型树脂Rear skirt rail||后围裙边梁Reciprocating engine||活塞式发动机, 往复式发动机Reinforcement||车身加强件，增强材料；构架Repeat accuracy||重复精确度Repeatability||设备重复定位精度Resin formulation||树脂配方Retaining nest||定位槽Return trip||回程，返回行程Rib||筋，加强筋RIFT(Resin Infusion Under Flexible Tooling)||挠性上模具树脂浸渍工艺RIM(Reaction Injection Molding)||反应注射模塑Safety hood||安全罩Sample testing||样品试验Sand wet||(车身/涂装)湿砂打磨Sandwich body||夹层结构车身Sandwich construction||夹层结构Sandwich panel||多层板，复合板Shaft assembly||轴组件Skin coat||表层；罩面层Solvent reclaim||溶剂的回收Stiffener||加强件Storage modulus||储能模量Stress at definite elongation||定伸应力Stretched actylic plastic||拉伸丙烯酸塑料String milling||连续铣削Stroke||(悬架)减振器，冲程Structural instrument panel||结构仪表板Structural layer||结构层Styrene||苯乙烯Styrofoam||聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Surface mat||表面薄毡Synthetic resin paint||合成树脂涂料Tack strength||粘着强度Tail gate||(卡车等的)后挡板Teflon||聚四氟乙烯(塑料, 绝缘材料)TERTM(Thermal-Expansion Resin Transfer Molding)||热膨胀树脂传递模塑Thermoplastic plastics||热塑性塑料Thermoset resin||热固性树脂Thickening agent||增粘剂Trim waste||内饰废料Trimming orientation||修边定位Turbulent heating||湍流加热Turndown ratio||衰减比率Twisting stress||扭胁强, 扭应力U bolt||U形螺栓U bolt plate||U 形螺栓垫板Ultimate mechanical strength||极限机械强度Ultraviolent sensitive coating||紫外线感光涂层Undercoat paint||头道漆Uniaxial drawing||单轴拉伸Unsaturated polyester resin||非饱和聚酯树脂Unyielding support||不可压缩支架, 刚性支架Upper yield stress||上屈服应力Urethane coating||氨基甲酸乙酯涂层UVRTM(Ultra-violet RTM)||紫外线固化RTM（利用紫外线进行固化）VA RTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) ||真空辅助RTM Vacuum bag molding||真空袋模制法VARI(Vacuum Assisted Resin njection)||真空辅助树脂注射Variable speed||无级变速Ventilation duct||通风管Ventilator(Ventilating equipment)||通风装置Vibratory stress||振动应力VIMP (Variable Infusion Molding Process)||可变浸渍模塑Vinyl chloride resin||聚氯乙烯树脂VOC(Volatile Organic Compound)||挥发性有机化合物Volume modulus||体积模数Vortex generator||(车身)扰流器，导流板VRV(Vacuum Reducer Valve)||真空减压阀Warping stress||翘曲应力Waste utilization||废物利用，废物处理Water shield||防水罩，挡泥板；密封条Water tolerance||耐水性Wedge gripping||楔形夹具Wheel fender||翼子板Wing trussgrid||翼子（挡泥）板加强件Winding||缠绕Wingtip assembly||翼尖整流罩Wire drawing||拉丝Wiring press||卷边压力机, 嵌线卷边机Workpiece grippe||工件夹子（持器），机械手Woven roving fabric||（玻璃纤维）无捻粗纱布织物Xylenol Carboxylic Acid||二甲苯酚酸Xlylene||亚二甲苯基Xyster||刮刀X alloy||铜铝合金Xenidium||胶合板Xenidium||胶合板Xylene ||二甲苯Xylene resin||二甲苯树脂Yard-crane||移动吊车，场内移动起重机Yarn count||纱线支数，丝线支数Yarn strength||纱线强度，长丝强度Yield limit||屈服极限，屈服点Yield point under bending stress||弯曲应力下的屈服点Yield stress||屈服应力, 屈服点Yield stress controlled bonding||屈服应力粘结Zedeflon||四氟乙烯均聚物Zero checker||定零位装置, 零位校验Zero clearance||零间隙Zero compensation||零位补偿Zero initial condition||零初始条件Zero setting||(仪表)零位调整, 置零Zero shrinkage resin||零收缩树脂Zone control||区域控制复合材料Acetyl 乙酰Acid-proof paint 耐酸涂料, 耐酸油漆Acrylic fiber 丙烯酸纤维Acrylic resin 丙烯酸树脂Active filler 活性填料Adapter assembly 接头组件Addition polyimide 加成型聚酰亚胺Addition polymer 加聚物Adjusting valve 调整阀，调节阀Adhersion assembly 粘合装配Adhersion bond 胶结Adjustable-bed press 工作台可调式压力机Adjuster shim 调整垫片Adjusting accuracy 调整精度，调校精度Admissible error 容许误差Admissible load 容许载荷Adsorbed layer 吸附层Advanced composite material 先进复合材料，高级复合材料Advanced development vehicle 试制车，预研样车AE(Automobile Engineering) 汽车工程技术Aeolotropic material 各向异性材料Aerated plastics 泡沫塑料, 多孔塑料Aerodynamic body 流线型车身Aft cross member 底盘/车架后横梁Air bleeder 排气孔Air clamp 气动夹具Air deflector 导流板；导风板，气流偏转板Air intake manifold 进气歧管Air servo 伺服气泵Air-tight joint 气密接头All-plastic molded 全塑模注的All polyster seat 全聚酯座椅Alligatoring 龟裂，涂膜皱皮,表面裂痕Amino resin 氨基树脂Angular test 挠曲试验Anti-chipping primer 抗破裂底漆（底层涂料）Apron 防护挡板Aramid fibre composites 芳胺纤维复合材料Assembly drawing 装配图Assembly jig 装配夹具Assembly part 装配件，组合件Autoclave forming 热压罐成型Autocorrection 自动校正Automatic compensation 自动补偿Automatic feed 自动进料Automobile instrument 汽车仪表板Automotive transmission 汽车传动装置，汽车变速器Auxiliary fasia console 副仪表板Axial strain 轴向应变Axle bushing 轴衬Axle fairing 底盘车桥整流罩A Stage A 阶段(某些热固性树脂聚合作用的初期阶段)AAC(Auxiliary Air Control) 辅助空气控制ABC(Active Body Control) 主动式车身控制装置Abherent 阻粘剂Ability meter 测力计，性能测试仪ABL (Ablative) 烧蚀剂Ablation 烧蚀Ablative composite material 烧蚀复合材料Ablative insulative material 烧蚀绝热材料Ablative polymer 烧蚀聚合物Ablative prepreg 烧蚀性预浸料Ablative resistance 耐烧蚀性ABR(Acrylate Butadience Rubber) 丙烯酸丁二烯橡胶Abradant material 研磨材料，磨料Abrade 研磨；用喷砂清理Abrasion 磨耗Abrasion coefficient 磨耗系数Abrasion loss 磨耗量，磨损量Abrasion performance 磨耗性Abrasion-proof material 耐磨材料Abrasion resistant paint 耐磨涂料Abrasion test 磨损试验Abrasive blast system 喷砂清理系统Abrasive cloth 砂布Abrasive disc 砂轮盘，砂轮片Abrasive finishing 抛光Abrasive paper 砂纸Abrasive resistance 耐磨性ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)resin ABS树脂，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(热塑性)树脂ABSM(American Bureau of Standard Materials) 美国标准材料局Absolute dynamic modulus 绝对动态模量Absolute error 绝对误差Absorbent material 吸收性材料,吸收性物质，吸声材料，吸收剂Absorber 减振器，阻尼器，缓冲器ACA(Automotive Composite Alliance) 汽车复合材料协会ACC(Automatic Clutch Control) 自动离合器操纵控制Accelerant 促进剂，加速剂Accelerated aging test 加速老化试验，人工老化试验Accelerator pedal shaft 加速踏板轴Accelerator pump nozzle 加速泵喷嘴Acceptable life 有效使用寿命Acceptance test specification 验收测试规范Access panel 罩板,盖板Accessory 配件，附属品Accessory equipment 辅助设备Accessory kit 附件包，成套附件Accumulator can 储电池外壳Accumulator package 蓄压器组件，蓄压器单元Accuracy in calibration 校准精度Accuracy of finish 最终加工精度Accuracy of manufacture 制造精度Accuracy of positioning 定位精度Accuracy of repetition 重现精度，复制精度Acetal matrix composites 缩醛树脂基复合材料Acetal plastic 缩醛塑料,聚甲醛塑料Acetal resin 缩醛树脂Acetamide 乙酰胺Acetate fiber 醋酸纤维，乙酸纤维Acetone 丙酮Back corner panel 后围角板Back panel 后围板Back side panel 后侧板Back wall pillar 后围立柱Backer 衬料Baffler 挡板，阻尼器；导流叶片Bag Molding 气囊施压成型(袋模法)Baggage holder 行李架Barrier coat 阻挡层；防渗涂层Batch mixing 分批混合，批混Batching unit 分批加料装置Bearing assembly 轴承组合件Biaxial winding 双角缠绕, 双轴缠绕Binder fiber 粘合纤维Bipolymer 二元共聚物Bismaleimide composites 双马来酰亚胺复合材料Blank placement 坯料的放置Blanket 玻璃纤维毡；坯料Blanking press 冲压机, 冲割压力机Blending resin 掺合树脂BMC(Bulk Moulding Compound) 团状膜塑料BMI (Bismaleimide) 双马来酰亚胺Body back panel 车身后板Body back wall 车身驾驶室后围Body bracket 车身支架Body control module 车身控制模块Body frame (Body skeleton) 车身骨架Body front panel 车身驾驶室前围板Body monocoque 单壳体车身，单壳式结构车身Body outer panel 驾驶室覆盖件；驾驶室覆盖件Body structural member 车身结构件Body trim 车身装饰件Bonded riveted structure 胶铆结构Bonnet 发动机罩Brake 制动器Brake arrangement 制动装置Brinell hardness test 布氏硬度试验Brittle coating 脆性涂层Bulk coat 整体涂层Bulk heat treatment 整体热处理Bulk moulding compound (增强塑料)预制整体模塑料Bumper bracket(holder) 保险杠托架Bus brake system 客车制动系Butt flange 对接法兰Butt joint 对接接头；对接Butterfly valve 节流阀，节气门BWI (Body In White) 白车身Cab deflector shield 驾驶室导流板Cab fairing 驾驶室整流罩Cab floor 驾驶室地板Cab mounting 驾驶室悬置CAD(Computer Aided Design) 计算机辅助设计CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) 计算机辅助工程设计Calibration tolerance 校准公差Calibrating instrument 校准仪表Camouflage paint 覆面漆, 盖面涂料, 伪假漆Cantilever beam impact test 悬臂梁冲击试验Carbon-felt reinforced carbon composites 碳毡增强碳复合材料Carbon fiber clutch 碳纤维离合器Carbon filament cloth 碳丝织物Case extension 外壳的伸出部分，延伸外壳Casing gasket 外壳密封垫Catalyst manifold 固化剂总成Catalyst pump 固化剂泵Catalyst ratio 固化剂比率Cavity 模槽，型腔；凹模Cavity block 阴模Cavity depth 模槽深度Cellular board 蜂窝状板，多孔板Cellular plastics 泡沫塑料，多孔塑料Centre boss 轮毂Centre pin 销轴，枢轴，主销Centrifugal casting moulding 离心浇铸成型Centrosymmetry 中心对称层板Ceramic matrix composites 陶瓷基复合材料Charge 填充气体，填充料Chasis 底盘；机壳，车架Chlorinated polyethlene 聚氯乙烯Chopped fiber 短切纤维Chopped random mat 短切无序毡Chopped strand 短切原丝CIRTM(Co-Injection RTM) 共注射RTM Clamping fixture 夹具，夹紧装置Clamping force 夹持力，合模力Class A surface A级表面Clear coat 透明涂层，透明罩漆，清漆层Clear coat finish 清漆涂层Clicker die 冲模Climb milling 同向铣削, 顺铣Clipping press 切边压力机Closure pressing speed 合模速度CMM(Closed Mould Moulding) 闭合模塑CMT(Compression Molding 挤压成型工艺CNC(Computerized Numerical Control）电脑数值控制Coarse grinding 粗磨，用砂轮初加工Coating defect 涂层缺陷Collision test 碰撞试验，撞车试验Combination property 综合性能Concept design 概念设计Convection modulus 对流模量Convergence test 收敛试验Cooling fixture 冷却夹具Cooling tower 冷却塔Crazing 龟裂，细裂纹Cresol resin 甲酚树脂Cutting felt 毡的剪切Cutting-off bushing 环形下料模; 下料环Damped structure 阻尼缓冲结构Damper bracket 件振器支架Dashboard illumination 仪表板照明Dash trimming 前围板衬板Deburring 去毛刺，倒角，除飞边Deepdrawing forming 深拉成型Deflection test 挠曲试验Dent resistance 耐冲击性Design freedom 设计自由度Detail drawing 祥图，零件图Die assembly 压模装置Die casting 压模铸件,压模铸法Dimethyl fomamide 二甲基甲酰胺Dimethyl ketone 二甲基甲酮; 丙酮Dip pretreatment 浸渍预处理Die prime coat 浸渍打底漆Dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性Dip coating 浸涂Dip forming 浸渍成型Durability testing 耐久性试验，寿命试验Dwell 保压,暂停加压；滞留时间Dynamometer 测力计Edge effect 边缘效应，边界效应Edge feed 边缘进料Edge gate 侧浇口Ejection force 脱模力Ejector 起模杆Ejector guide pillar 推板导套Ejector housing 支架Elasticizer 增塑剂Elastomeric composites 高弹体复合材料Elongation at break 断裂延伸率Energy absorbing foam 吸能泡沫塑料Epoxy resin 环氧树脂Ether ketone 酮醚Explosion proof 防爆Exterior body panelling 车身外板部蒙皮Exterior trim 外饰，外饰件Fabric composites 织物复合材料Fabric impregnation 织物浸渍Fabric preform 织物预成型Fabric prereg 织物预浸料Fabrication parameter 制造参数Fabrication procedure 制造工序Fabricating machinery 加工设备Face plate coupling 法兰式连接Factory primer 工厂底漆，工厂防锈漆Fairing 整流罩，整流装置Fairing panel 前裙板Fascia bracket 仪表板支架Fascia mask 仪表板罩板Fastening clamp 夹紧装置，紧固夹子Fatigue tension test 拉伸疲劳性试验FCM(Fibrous Composite material) 纤维复合材料FEA(Finite Element Anlysis) 有限元分析Feed system 供料系统Feeding pump 供给泵Feeding speed 进给速度Female groove 凹模Female mould(tooling) 阴模Fender 翼子板；护板Fender apron 挡泥板Fender inner panel 翼子板内衬护板Fiber composite laminate 纤维复合材料层板Fiber mat layer 纤维毡层Finisher(Finishing component) 装饰件Flange 法兰, 凸缘Flange fitting 法兰式管接头Flash 毛边Flash mold 毛边模具Front sheet metal 车前板制件Fuselage fairing 机身整流装置Gage kit 仪表组，仪表套件Gas cavity 气泡，砂眼Gauge panel 仪表板Gear assembly 齿轮传动装置, 减速器Gearbox cover 变速器壳盖Gear bracket support 齿轮托支架Gel coat 胶衣,凝胶涂层Gel coat drum 胶衣圆桶Gel coat flow monitor 胶衣流量监控器Gel time 凝胶时间Glass fiber winding machine 玻璃纤维缠绕机Glass wool 玻璃棉Glass yarn 玻璃丝Guiding device 导向装置Gunk 预混料Gusset 角撑件Gutter channel 流水槽Hand lay-up 手工铺叠，手工铺贴Hardness testing machine 硬度测试仪Hauling truck 拖车Header board outside panel 前板外板Headrest 靠枕Heat barrier material 隔热材料Heat forming 热成型High molecular material 高分子材料High pressure bag molding 高压袋成型工艺High pressure injection moulding 高压注射成型，高压注射模塑High-strength structural adhesives 高强度结构粘合剂High temperature coating 高温涂层Hose support 软管支架Hub assembly 毂组件Hub bearing 车轮轮毂轴承Hydraulic device 液压装置Hydraulic engine 液压发动机Hydrostatic strength 流体静力强度IMC(In-Mold Coating) 模具内部涂层Immersion paint 浸漆Immersion test 浸渍试验，浸泡试验Immovable support 固定刀架Impact analysis 碰撞试验撞击分析Impact bending 冲击挠曲Impact specimen 冲击试样Impegnate 浸渍Impelling strength 冲击韧性Injection head 注射头Injection-moulded composites 注射模塑复合材料Injection moulded part 注塑制件Injection nozzle 注射喷口，压注喷口Intermittent entry 间歇供给，不连续供给Intermittent failure 间接性故障Izod test 悬臂冲击试验Jack 千斤顶，起重器；传动装置Jack engine 辅助发动机Jackbit insert 切刀，刀具，刃口Jacket 护套，套管，保护罩，蒙皮Jar-proof 防震的Jaw 钳口；定位销Jell 胶凝，凝固，固结Jet milling 喷射研磨Jig 夹具，定位模具Jig-adjusted 粗调的Job program 工作程序Joining nipple 接合螺管Joining on butt 对头接合Joint face of a pattern 分模面Joint gate 分型面内浇口Joint packing 填充垫圈，接合填密Joint sealing material 填缝料Joint-shaped support 铰接支架Joint strenght 连接强度Jump welded tube 对缝焊管，焊接管Junction bolt 接合螺栓Junction point 接点Keeping life 保存期，产品有效期Kenel 型芯Ketene 乙烯酮, 烯酮Ketene dimethyl 二甲酮Ketimide 酰基酮亚胺Ketimine 酮亚胺Ketoamine 酮胺，氨基酮Ketol 乙酮醇Ketone 甲酮Keying strength 咬合强度Knife holder 刀具，刀架Knockout 脱模Knockout pin 脱模销Knockout plate 脱模板Knoop scale 努氏硬度标度Knuckle joint 铰链连接Koplon 高湿模量粘胶纤维Koroseal 氯乙烯树脂Lacquer 挥发性漆；涂漆Lacquer finish 喷漆，上漆，罩光Lacquer formation 漆膜形成，成漆Lacquer putty 腻子，整面用油灰Lacquering 上清漆Laminate construction thickness 结构层厚度Laminated panel 薄层状板Laminated plastics 层压塑料制品, 塑料层板Laminated thermosetting plastics 层压热固塑料Latex paints 清漆Lay-up (塑料，夹板的)铺叠成型Light-alloy body part 轻合金车身零件Lining 衬里，衬垫Loaded haul cycle 载货行程Location bearing 定位轴承Location guide 固定导杆，定位导杆Location hole 定位孔Location tolerance 位置公差, 安装公差Locatin pin 定位销Lock bolt 锁紧螺钉Low pressure injection moulding 低压模塑成型Low shrink resin 低收缩树脂Luggage rack 行李架Machining accuracy 加工精度Machining center 加工中心Main shaft gear bushing 主轴齿轮衬套Mandrel 卷芯，模芯；芯轴Manifold hood 歧管外罩Manual Lay-Up 人工手糊Manual spray-up 手工喷射Manual truck 手推车Manufacturing drawing 制造图纸Matched molds 合模Matrix 基体，基质Mechanical properties 机械性能Metal bonding 金属粘结Metal-working machine 金属加工机床Methanol 甲醇Mismachining tolerance 加工误差Modular 组装式的Mofulus of elasticity 弹性模量Mould operation 模具操作Moulded plastics 模压塑料Moulding 嵌条；成型；装饰件Mount support 装配支架Multi-axial stress 多轴向应力Multi-tool machining 多刀切削加工Needled mat 针刺毡，针织毡Non-ductile fracture 无塑性破坏Nontwisting fiber 不加捻纤维Notched izod test 带缺口悬臂梁式冲击试验Nozzle 管嘴，喷嘴Numerically controlled engine lathe 数控普通车床Nylon resin 尼龙树脂OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) 原始设备生产商Offset cab 侧置驾驶室On-site forming 现场发泡On-site winding 现场缠绕成型Open molding 敞开式模塑法Opening mould 开模Optimized design 优化设计Orifice 注孔Orthophenyl tolyl ketone 邻苯基甲苯基酮Orthophthalic resin ortho 邻苯二甲酸树脂Osmotic pressure 渗透压力Outboard wing 外翼Outer panel skin 蒙皮Oven heating 烘箱加热，加热固化Over-engineering 过份设计的Over flow 溢流Over-spray 过喷Overhead traveling crane 高空移动行车Overhead-valve engine 顶置气门发动机Overhung trailer 外伸式拖车Oxide paint 氧化物涂料Package power 动力装置总成Packed 紧密的，密实的；有密封的，有填料的Packing 衬垫；填料，密封填料；包装PAD(Paint As Required) 按需涂漆Paint base coat 上底漆Paint blemish 涂漆缺陷Paint blower 喷漆用压力机，喷漆枪Paint brush 涂漆刷Paint dilution 油漆稀释PE(Polyethlene) 聚乙烯Pedestal mounted 落地安装的Phenolic plastic 酚醛塑料Phenyl ketone 苯基甲酮Pit mounted 嵌入式安装Pivotal arm 枢轴Platic structural component 塑料结构零部件Plastic upholstery (座椅)塑料蒙面Play compensation 间隙补偿PLC(Programmable Logical Controller) 可编程序逻辑控制器Polycarbonate plastics 聚碳酸脂塑料Polyester resin 聚脂树脂Polyimide 聚酰亚胺Polymer 聚合物，高分子，多聚体Polyurethane foam 聚氨酯泡沫塑料Polyvinyl 聚乙烯的, 聚乙烯Polyvinyl fluoride 聚氟乙烯Prefabricated parts 成品零部件，制造好的零部件Propylene resin 丙烯类树脂Protecting lacquer 防护漆PSF(Polystyrene Foam) 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene) 聚四氟乙烯Pultrusion 拉挤成型Putty knife 油灰（腻子）刮铲QC(Quality Control) 质量控制QCS(Quality Control Standard) 质量管理控制标准QR(Quality Requirements) 质量规格(要求)Quality certification 质量认证Quantity production 大量（成批）生产，大规模生产Quantity production 大量（成批）生产，大规模生产Quarter panel brace 后侧围板支撑件Quarter panel lower extension 后侧围板下延伸部Quarter trim cap 后侧围装饰板盖Quarte wheel house 后侧围轮滚罩，后侧围车轮室Quasi-isotropic laminate 准各向同性层板Quench 淬火Rack truck 架子车, 移动架Radial dispersion 径向位移Radial loading 径向力(载荷)Radial pump 径向离心泵Radiation protective paint 防辐射涂料Radiator 散热器Rag 毛刺RARTM(Rubber-assisted RTM) 橡胶辅助RTM(用橡胶取代芯材的热膨胀RTM) Reactive resin 活性树脂, 反应型树脂Rear skirt rail 后围裙边梁Reciprocating engine 活塞式发动机, 往复式发动机Reinforcement 车身加强件，增强材料；构架Repeat accuracy 重复精确度Repeatability 设备重复定位精度Resin formulation 树脂配方Retaining nest 定位槽Return trip 回程，返回行程Rib 筋，加强筋RIFT(Resin Infusion Under Flexible Tooling) 挠性上模具树脂浸渍工艺RIM(Reaction Injection Molding) 反应注射模塑Safety hood 安全罩Sample testing 样品试验Sand wet (车身/涂装)湿砂打磨Sandwich body 夹层结构车身Sandwich construction 夹层结构Sandwich panel 多层板，复合板Shaft assembly 轴组件Skin coat 表层；罩面层Solvent reclaim 溶剂的回收Stiffener 加强件Storage modulus 储能模量Stress at definite elongation 定伸应力Stretched actylic plastic 拉伸丙烯酸塑料String milling 连续铣削Stroke (悬架)减振器，冲程Structural instrument panel 结构仪表板Structural layer 结构层Styrene 苯乙烯Styrofoam 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Surface mat 表面薄毡Synthetic resin paint 合成树脂涂料Tack strength 粘着强度Tail gate (卡车等的)后挡板Teflon 聚四氟乙烯(塑料, 绝缘材料)TERTM(Thermal-Expansion Resin Transfer Molding) 热膨胀树脂传递模塑Thermoplastic plastics 热塑性塑料Thermoset resin 热固性树脂Thickening agent 增粘剂Trim waste 内饰废料Trimming orientation 修边定位Turbulent heating 湍流加热Turndown ratio 衰减比率Twisting stress 扭胁强, 扭应力U bolt U形螺栓U bolt plate U 形螺栓垫板Ultimate mechanical strength 极限机械强度Ultraviolent sensitive coating 紫外线感光涂层Undercoat paint 头道漆Uniaxial drawing 单轴拉伸Unsaturated polyester resin 非饱和聚酯树脂Unyielding support 不可压缩支架, 刚性支架Upper yield stress 上屈服应力Urethane coating 氨基甲酸乙酯涂层UVRTM(Ultra-violet RTM) 紫外线固化RTM（利用紫外线进行固化）VA RTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) 真空辅助RTM Vacuum bag molding 真空袋模制法VARI(Vacuum Assisted Resin njection) 真空辅助树脂注射Variable speed 无级变速Ventilation duct 通风管Ventilator(Ventilating equipment) 通风装置Vibratory stress 振动应力VIMP (Variable Infusion Molding Process) 可变浸渍模塑Vinyl chloride resin 聚氯乙烯树脂VOC(Volatile Organic Compound) 挥发性有机化合物Volume modulus 体积模数Vortex generator (车身)扰流器，导流板VRV(Vacuum Reducer Valve) 真空减压阀Warping stress 翘曲应力Waste utilization 废物利用，废物处理Water shield 防水罩，挡泥板；密封条Water tolerance 耐水性Wedge gripping 楔形夹具Wheel fender 翼子板Wing trussgrid 翼子（挡泥）板加强件Winding 缠绕Wingtip assembly 翼尖整流罩Wire drawing 拉丝Wiring press 卷边压力机, 嵌线卷边机Workpiece grippe 工件夹子（持器），机械手Woven roving fabric （玻璃纤维）无捻粗纱布织物Xylenol Carboxylic Acid 二甲苯酚酸Xlylene 亚二甲苯基Xyster 刮刀X alloy 铜铝合金Xenidium 胶合板Xenidium 胶合板Xylene 二甲苯Xylene resin 二甲苯树脂Yard-crane 移动吊车，场内移动起重机Yarn count 纱线支数，丝线支数Yarn strength 纱线强度，长丝强度Yield limit 屈服极限，屈服点Yield point under bending stress 弯曲应力下的屈服点Yield stress 屈服应力, 屈服点Yield stress controlled bonding 屈服应力粘结Zedeflon 四氟乙烯均聚物Zero checker 定零位装置, 零位校验Zero clearance 零间隙Zero compensation 零位补偿Zero initial condition 零初始条件Zero setting (仪表)零位调整, 置零Zero shrinkage resin 零收缩树脂Zone control 区域控制。

绪论勘探exploration 开发production顿钻钻井cable drilling旋转钻井Rotary drilling 转盘钻井Rotary drilling顶驱钻井top drive drilling 井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling 涡轮钻具钻井turbine drilling 螺杆钻具钻井screw drilling旋转钻井钻机Rotary Rig 动力系统(Power System)旋转系统(Rotating System) 提升系统(Hoisting System)循环系统(Circulating System) 井控系统(Well Control System)监测系统 (monitoring System)井架derrick 天车crown block 游动滑车travelling block大钩hook 大绳drilling line 绞车drawworks泥浆泵mud pump泥浆池mud pit 振动筛Vibration Screen防喷器组blowout preventers 地面管汇surface pipeline遥控面板remote control pane 压井管汇kill line钻前准备drill preparation 钻进drilling固井well cementation 完井well completion直井straight/vertical well 定向井directional well水平井horizontal well 浅井shallow well中深井medium-deep well 深井deep well超深井ultra deep well 特超深井super/extra deep well探井exploration well 采油井production well多底井multi-bore well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells第一章沉积岩sedimentary rock 变质岩metamorphic rock 岩浆岩magmatic rock 岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock岩石的泊松比rock Poisson’s ratio岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock抗拉伸强度tension resistance 抗压缩强度 compressive resistance抗剪切强度 shearing resistance 抗弯切强度 bending resistance弹性elasticity 脆性岩石 brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石塑性系数rock plasticity coefficient地应力in situ stress 围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress 压持效应chip hold effect 岩石的可钻性drillability岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness地层水formation brine比重specific gravity静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure 孔隙压力pore pressure地层压力formation fluid pressure地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 基岩应力matrix stress压力梯度pressure gradient 异常压力abnormal pressure压实作用compaction 欠压实作用 undercompaction function机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent methoddc指数法 dc-exponent method 声波时差法acoustic travel time岩石硬度rock hardness漏失试验法leak-off test第二章刮刀钻头（blade bit）牙轮钻头（cone bit）金刚石钻头（diamond bit）天然金刚石钻头（ＮＤ）natural diamond人造聚晶金刚石钻头（ＰＤＣ） polycrystalline diamond compact bit热稳定聚晶金刚石钻头（ＴＳＰ）thermally stable polycrystalline diamond bit水力结构hydraulic structure 超顶（cone overhang）复锥（offset axis）移轴（multiply cone ）钻头的经济指标(economic indicators of bit)钻头进尺(bit footage) 钻头工作寿命(bit operating life)钻头平均机械钻速(bit average rate of penetration)钻头单位进尺成本(cost per singer footage)第三章浮力 buoyancy 钻柱drill stem/string 钻铤drill collar钻杆drill pipe 方钻杆kelly钻头bit 稳定器stabilizerHWDP-厚壁钻杆（Heavy wall drill pipe）复合钻柱combination string中性点neutral point 最大安全静拉力maximum safety static tension第四章钻井液drilling fluids/mud 水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids 低固相钻井液low solids fluids API滤失量API filtration 分散相(dispersion phase )分散介质(dispersion medium)化学处理剂(Chemical treating agent)滤失filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids流变方程rheological equation牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 非牛顿流体non- Newtonian fluid塑性流体plastic fluid 幂律流体power law假塑性流体pseudo plastic fluid 膨胀液体expansion fluid钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 剪切稀释特性(shear thinning)静切力gel strength 动切力yield value 塑性粘度Plastic Viscosity动塑比ratio of yield value to plastic viscosity初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt压差卡钻(differential pressure sticking)井漏(lost circulation )井塌(borehole collapse) 钻井液污染(drilling fluid contamination ) 第五章井眼轨道(well trajectory)井眼轨迹(well track)井深Measure Depth 井斜角inclination/deviation angel方位角azimuth angle井斜变化率rate of deviation 方位变化率rate of azimuth井眼曲率hole curvature垂深True vertical depth(TVD)水平投影长度horizontal projection length (hole deviation)水平位移horizontal displacement平移方位角(translational azimuth) N坐标和E坐标(N-coordinate & E-coordinate)视平移(apparent horizontal displacement )水平投影图(horizontal projection)垂直投影图(vertical projection)垂直剖面图(vertical cross section )直井段(Vertical section)ok造（增）斜段(build section) kb稳斜段(hold section ) bh降斜段(drop section) hd目标点(target point)靶区及靶区半径(target area) rt 靶心距(off-target distance) St造斜点(kick off point) k 二维定向井Two-dimensional directional well三维定向井Three-dimensional directional well第六章喷射式钻头jet bit 射流喷速jet velocity射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic-power钻头压降bit pressure-drop钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump额定泵压rated pump pressure额定功率rated pump power循环压耗circulating pressure loss 优选标准optimization standard钻压weight on bit转速rpm-revolution per minute 排量rate of flow 进尺footage 喷嘴nozzle钻速方程drilling rate equation /model第七章测斜deviational survey 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 井斜well deviation满眼钻具packed hole assembly 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly钟摆力pendulum force井底动力钻具bottomhole motor转盘钻 rotary drill 工具面角tool face orientation装置方位角tool face azimuth 定向方位角Directional azimuth反扭角reactive torque angle第八章地层井眼系统的压力平衡 balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure井侵 influx 溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout正压差positive differential pressure负压差negative differential pressure平衡钻井balanced drillin g 欠平衡under balanced drilling近平衡near balanced drilling 过平衡over balanced drilling关井shut in 防喷器blow out preventer 地面管汇surface drill pipe环形空间annulus 压井killing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法（二次循环法）driller’s method第九章套管程序casing program导管conductor 表层套管surface casing技术套管intermediate casing strings 生产套管production casing 尾管line 钻井尾管drilling liner 生产尾管production liner套管接箍casing coupling套管柱casing string 前置液ahead fluid隔离液spacer fluid 冲洗液flushing fluid套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance完井方法completion methods 裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion衬管完井法slotted liner completion砾石充填完井法gravel pack completion固井质量cement job quality 固井质量评价cement evaluation窜槽cement channeling 顶替效率displacement efficiency尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger井口装置wellhead 油管头tubing head 套管头casing head采油树Christmas tree稠化时间thickening time 凝结时间setting time。

CMmi@ Selected Technical Terms in Mechanics of Materials材料力学部分专业术语中英文对照（version 1.0, September 4, 2011）This tabulated list of selected technical terms in mechanics of materials is developed by Changwen Mi to facilitate the students in various engineering majors at the Southeast University. This file reflects part of our constant efforts in implementing bilingual teaching of a series of undergraduate and graduate mechanics courses hosted by the Department of Engineering Mechanics at the Southeast University. We had made every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this file for the students’ sake. We, however, make no guarantee of the effects of using this file.Geometric properties of an area 截面几何性质centroid 形心centroidal axis 形心轴first moment of an area 静矩moment of inertia; second moment of an area 惯性矩parallel axis theorem 平行移轴定理products of inertia 惯性积polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩radius of gyration 惯性半径composite area组合截面principal centroidal axis主形心轴principal moment of inertia主惯性矩principal moments of inertia about centroidal axes 主形心惯性矩Structural members 构件bar 杆prismatic bars 等截面直杆CMmi@ shaft 轴column 柱（只受压缩）thin-walled tubes （闭口）薄壁杆thin-walled open tubes 开口薄壁杆pressure vessel 压力容器beam 梁neutral surface 中性层neutral axis 中性轴simply supported beams 简支梁cantilever beams 悬臂梁composite beams 复合梁overhanging beams 外伸梁continuous beams 连续梁fully stressed beams; beams of constant strength 等强度梁beams of variable cross section 变截面梁wide-flange beams 工字梁web 腹板flange 翼缘fixed support; clamped support 固定端pin support 固定铰支座roller support 可动铰支座curved beams 曲梁truss 桁架frame 刚架cross-section 横截面oblique cross-sectionaxis 轴线rigid joint 刚性结点CMmi@ Loads 荷载/载荷force 力force couple 力偶moment 力矩moment of a couple 力偶矩unit load 单位力unit couple 单位力偶concentrated loads 集中力distributed loads 分布力intensity of distributed loads 分布力的集度surface force 面力body force 体积力static loads 静载dynamic loads 动载allowable loads 许用荷载reaction 反作用力internal forces 内力axial force 轴力shear force 剪力Stress, Strain and Deformation 应力、应变及变形normal stress 正应力nominal stress 名义应力true stress 真实应力average stress 平均应力maximum stress 最大应力minimum stress 最小应力allowable stress 许用应力shear stress 剪切应力pure shear 纯剪切normal strain 正应变nominal strain 名义应变true strain 真实应变shear strain 切应变deformation 变形displacement 位移deflection 挠曲Common Terms in Mechanics of Deformable Bodies 可变形体力学常用术语mechanics of materials 材料力学strength of materials 材料力学mechanics of deformable bodies 变形体力学strength 强度stiffness 刚度stability 稳定性homogeneity/homogeneous 均质/匀质的continuity/continuous 连续性/连续的isotropy/isotropic 各向同性/各向同性的infinitesimal elastic deformation 微小弹性变形elasticity 弹性elastic deformation弹性变形linearly elastic body线性弹性体mechanical properties力学性质plasticity 塑性elastoplastic materials 弹塑性材料tension 拉伸compress 压缩shearing 剪切torsion 扭转bending 弯曲buckling 失稳allowable load method 许用荷载法allowable stress 许用应力allowable stress method 许用应力法method of safety factor 安全系数法method of discount factor 折扣系数法factor of safety 安全系数stress concentration factor 应力集中因数residual stress / initial stress / prestress 残余应力初应力，预应力stress distribution 应力分布equation of equilibrium 平衡方程method of sections 截面法Other Mechanical Terms 其它力学术语dimensionless quantities 无量纲量composite material复合材料specimen 试件elastic-perfectly plastic assumption理想弹塑性假设plastic hinge塑性铰Axial Loading 轴向荷载axially loaded bars 拉压杆，轴向承载杆axial tension 轴向拉伸axial compression 轴向压缩axial forces 轴向力internal forces 内力method of section 截面法diagram of axial forces 轴力图stress tensor 应力张量longitudinal 纵向的transverse 横向的Saint-Venant’s Principle 圣维南原理stresses on oblique planes 斜截面上的应力axial deformation 轴向变形elongation 伸长量extensometer 引伸计、伸展仪、伸长计uniaxial stress 单向应力，单轴应力normal stress 正应力sign convention 符号规定transverse/lateral strain 横向应变Tension/compression rigidity 拉压刚度(EA)stress concentration factor 应力集中系数Mechanical Behavior of Materials 材料力学行为gauge length 标记长度constitutive relations 本构关系（物理方程）Hooke’s Law 胡克定律generalized Hook’s law广义胡克定律stress-strain diagram 应力应变图Hook’s law of shearing剪切胡克定律brittle 脆性brittle materials脆性材料ductile 韧性ductile materials塑性材料，韧性材料，延展性材料plastic deformation塑性变形，残余变形creep 蠕变CMmi@ relaxation 松弛proportional limit 比例极限elastic modulus; modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Young’s modulus 杨氏模量elastic limit 弹性极限yield stress 屈服应力yield strength 屈服强度offset yield stress名义屈服强度strain hardening 强化，冷作硬化ultimate strength, strength limit 强度极限ultimate stress极限应力low carbon steel 低碳钢cast iron 铸铁transversely isotropic 横向同性necking 颈缩plastic flow 塑性流动percent reduction in area 断面收缩率percent elongation 延伸率bulk modulus 大块模量，体积模量Poisson’s ratio 泊松比Shearing and bearing Stress 剪切和挤压应力Shear/shearing 剪切Shear/shearing stress 切应力bearing 挤压bearing stress挤压应力bearing surface 挤压面single shear 单剪double shear 双剪CMmi@ rod 吊杆boom 托架pin 销钉rivet 铆钉joints/connectors 连接件lap joint 搭接butt joint 对接pure shear 纯剪切theorem of conjugate shearing stress 切应力互等定理shear modulus切变模量ultimate shear stress 剪切极限应力yield shear stress 剪切屈服应力Torsion 扭转torsional moment 扭矩twisting moment 扭力矩power & torque 功率与扭矩torque diagram 扭矩图angle of twist 扭转角angle of twist per unit length 单位长度扭转角torsional rigidity 抗扭刚度，扭曲刚度section modulus in torsion 抗扭截面系数slip-lines 滑移线slip bands 滑移带，剪切带free torsion 自由扭转constrained torsion 约束扭转Bending 弯曲symmetric bending 对称弯曲symmetric longitudinal plane 纵向对称面transverse loading 横向荷载shear force 剪力shear flow 剪流shear force diagram 剪力图equation of shear forces 剪力方程bending moment 弯矩equation of bending moment 弯矩方程bending moment diagram 弯矩图pure bending纯弯曲Transverse bending 横力弯曲plane cross-section hypothesis 平面假设hypothesis of uniaxial stress 单轴应力假设neutral surface 中性层neutral axis 中性轴bending normal stress 弯曲正应力section modulus 抗弯截面系数bending shear stress弯曲切应力constant-strength beam; fully stressed beams 等强度梁deflection 挠曲，挠度angle of rotation 转角slope 斜率curvature 曲率radius of curvature 曲率半径deflection curve 挠曲线approximate differential equation of deflection 挠曲轴近似微分方程flexural rigidity 抗弯刚度method of successive integrations 积分法boundary condition 边界条件continuity condition 连续性条件symmetry condition 对称性条件method of superposition 叠加法linear superposition 线性叠加superposition of loads 荷载叠加superposition of rigidized structures 刚化叠加，变形叠加method of singular/discontinuity function 奇异函数法boundary values 边界值moment-area theorems 图乘法unsymmetric bending 不对称弯曲shear center弯曲中心bending strain energy 弯曲应变能Indeterminate Problems 超静定问题statically determinate problem 静定问题statically indeterminate problem 静不定问题，超静定问题degree of static indeterminacy 静不定次，超静定次数redundancy 冗余，多余redundant restraint 多余约束basic determinate system 基本静定系force method 力法equation of deformation compatibility 变形协调方程complementary equation 补充方程thermal stress 热应力coefficient of thermal expansion 线胀系数assembly stress 装配应力residual stress 残余应力thermal strain 热应变eigenstrain 特征应变CMmi@ Stress States 应力状态state of stress 应力状态damage mechanisms 破坏机制stress state of a point 一点应力状态transformation of stresses 应力变换principal stresses 主应力principal axes 主轴，主方向stress circle 应力圆Mohr’s Circle 莫尔圆state of biaxial stress 二向应力状态state of plane stress 平面应力状态state of triaxial stress 三轴（复杂）应力状态triaxial stress 三向应力experimental stress analysis 实验应力分析volumetric strain energy density 体积应变能密度distortional strain energy density 畸变能密度volumetric strain 体应变decomposition of stress tensor 应力张量分解transformation of strain 应变变换Strength Theory 强度理论strength condition 强度条件equivalent stress 相当应力maximum tensile stress theory最大拉应力理论maximum tensile strain theory最大拉应变理论maximum shear stress theory最大切应力理论maximum distortion energy theory 最大畸变能理论Mohr theory of failure莫尔强度理论measurements of strain 应变测量strain gauge 应变计strain rosette 应变花three-element rectangular rosette 三轴直角应变花three-element delta rosette 三轴等角应变花full bridge 全桥接线法half bridge 半桥接法bridge balancing 电桥平衡compensating block 补偿块Combined Loadings 组合荷载eccentric tension 偏心拉伸eccentric compression 偏心压缩core of cross-sections 截面核心Stability of Columns 压杆稳定buckling 屈曲stability condition 稳定条件Euler’s formula欧拉公式critical load 临界压力critical stress 临界应力equivalent length相当长度，有效长度coefficient of equivalent length 长度因数slenderness ratio （压杆的）柔度或长细比long columns 大柔度杆intermediate columns 中柔度杆short columns小柔度杆safety factor of stability稳定安全因数discount factor of stability 折扣安全因数Energy Methods 能量方法strain energy 应变能strain energy density 应变能密度modulus of resilience 回弹模量modulus of toughness 韧度模量principle of work and energy 功能互等定理Castigliano’s theorem 卡氏定理reciprocal theorem of displacement; Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem位移互等定理method of dummy, method of virtual forces 虚力法method of unit dummy load 单位力法Dynamic Loading 冲击荷载impact load 冲击荷载dynamic load 动荷载constant acceleration 等加速constant rotation 等角速转动horizontal impact 水平冲击vertical impact 竖直冲击statically equivalent load 静力等效荷载dynamic load factor 动荷系数Cyclic Loading and Fatigue 交变荷载及疲劳cyclic/alternate load 交变荷载cyclic stress交变应力，循环应力fatigue failure 疲劳失效stress amplitude应力幅stress scope 应力范围cycle characteristics 循环特征symmetric cycling 对称循环unsymmetric cycling 非对称循环pulse cycling 脉冲循环fatigue life疲劳寿命stress-life diagram应力-寿命曲线，S-N曲线endurance limit 疲劳极限fatigue strength 疲劳强度surface roughness 表面粗糙度surface strength 表面强度equal-amplitude fatigue 等幅疲劳fatigue strength condition 疲劳强度条件fatigue factor of safety 疲劳安全因数。

Allowable stress：许用应力Allowable load：许用荷载Buckling：失稳Flexural rigidity：弯曲刚度，bending 弯曲，normal stress in bending 弯曲正应力Shear stress in bending 弯曲切应力Bending moment ：弯曲Bending moment diagram：弯矩图Critical stress ：临界应力，critical load ：临界荷载Eccentric tension 偏心拉伸Limit load：极限荷载，ultimate stress 极限应力，ultimate stress in tension 抗拉强度Normal Principal stress 主应力，principal stress trajectory 主应力迹线Theorem of conjugate shearing stress切应力互等定律，reciprocal-displacement theorem位移互等定律Torsion ：扭转弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility 拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem 布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff- Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave 柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space 有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plasticMaterial刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface 截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity 米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation 特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation 结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics一.综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ domain fo r effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio 15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscriptsb and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short。

elasticitytheory of elasticity homogeneous state ofstressstress invariant strain invariant strain ellipsoid homogeneous state ofstrainequation of strain compatibilityLame constants isotropic elasticityrotating circular diskwedgeKelvin problemBoussinesq problemAiry stress functionKolosoff-Muskhelishvili methodKirchhoff hypothesisPlateRectangular plate Circular plate Annular plate Corrugated plate Stiffened plate,reinforced弹性力学 弹性理论 均匀应力状态 应力不变量 应变不变量 应变椭球 均匀应变状态应变协调方程拉梅常量各向同性弹性旋转圆盘楔开尔文问题布西内斯克问题 艾里应力函数 克罗索夫―穆斯赫利什维 利法基尔霍夫假设板 矩形板 圆板 环板 波纹板 加劲板PlatePlate of moderate thickness Stress function of bendingShell Shallow shell Revolutionary shell Spherical shell Cylindrical shell Conical shell Toroidal shell Closed shell Corrugated shell Stress function of torsionWarping function semi-inverse method Rayleigh-Ritz method Relaxation methodLevy method Relaxation Dimensional analysis self-similarity Influence surface Contact stress Hertz theory Conforming contact Sliding contact Rolling contact中厚板 弯［曲］应力函数壳 扁壳 旋转壳 球壳 ［圆］柱壳锥壳 环壳 封闭壳 波纹壳 扭［转］应力函数翘曲函数 半逆解法 瑞利―里茨法松弛法 莱维法 松弛 量纲分析 自相似［性］影响面 接触应力 赫兹理论 协调接触压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity 颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle 褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity 大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave 体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave 畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave 勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave 边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness 拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity 安定［性］理论Shake-down theory 运动安定定理kinematic shake-downtheoremStatic shake-down theorem rate dependent theoremload factor Loading criterion Loading function Loading surface Plastic loading Plastic loading waveSimple loading Proportional loadingUnloading Unloading wave Impulsive load step load pulse load limit load nentral loading instability in tension acceleration wave constitutive equation complete solution nominal stress over-stress true stress equivalent stressflow stress stress discontinuity静力安定定理 率相关理论 载荷因子 加载准则 加载函数 加载面 塑性加载 塑性加载波 简单加载 比例加载 卸载 卸载波 冲击载荷 阶跃载荷 脉冲载荷 极限载荷 中性变载 拉抻失稳 加速度波 本构方程 完全解 名义应力 过应力 真应力 等效应力 流动应力 应力间断stress space principal stress space hydrostatic state of stresslogarithmic strain engineering strain equivalent strain strain localizationstrain ratestrain rate sensitivitystrain space finite strain plastic strain incrementaccumulated plastic strainpermanent deformationinternal variable strain-softening rigid-perfectly plasticMaterialrigid-plastic materialperfectl plastic material stability of material deviatoric tensor of strain deviatori tensor of stress spherical tensor of strain spherical tensor of stresspath-dependency linear strain-hardening应力空间 主应力空间 静水应力状态 对数应变 工程应变 等效应变 应变局部化 应变率 应变率敏感性 应变空间 有限应变塑性应变增量累积塑性应变永久变形 内变量 应变软化 理想刚塑性材料刚塑性材料 理想塑性材料 材料稳定性 应变偏张量 应力偏张量 应变球张量 应力球张量 路径相关性strain-hardening kinematic hardening isotropic hardening strain-hardening moduluspower hardening plastic limit bendingMomentplastic limit torque elastic-plastic bending elastic-plastic interface elastic-plastic torsionViscoplasticityInelasticityelastic-perfectly plasticMaterial limit analysislimit design limit surface upper bound theorem upper yield point lower bound theorem lower yield point bound theorem initial yield surface subsequent yield surface convexity of yield surface shape factor of cross-section应变强化 随动强化 各向同性强化 强化模量 幕强化 塑性极限弯矩塑性极限扭矩 弹塑性弯曲 弹塑性交界面 弹塑性扭转粘塑性非弹性理想弹塑性材料极限分析 极限设计 极限面 上限定理 上屈服点 下限定理 下屈服点 界限定理 初始屈服面 后继屈服面 屈服面［的］外沙堆比拟屈服屈服条件屈服准则屈服函数屈服面塑性势能量吸收装置能量耗散率塑性动力学塑性动力屈曲塑性动力响应塑性波运动容许场静力容许场流动法则速度间断滑移线滑移线场移行塑性铰塑性增量理论米泽斯屈服准则普朗特―罗伊斯关系特雷斯卡屈服准则sand heap analogyYieldyield conditionyield criterionyield functionyield surfaceplastic potential energy absorbing device energy absorbing device dynamic plasticity dynamic plastic buckling dynamic plastic response plastic wave kinematically admissibleFieldstatically admissibleFieldflow rule velocity discontinuityslip-linesslip-lines field travelling plastic hinge incremental theory ofPlasticityMises yield criterion prandtl- Reuss relation Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数莱维―米泽斯关系亨基应力方程赫艾一韦斯特加德应力空间洛德应变参数德鲁克公设盖林格速度方程结构力学结构分析结构动力学拱三铰拱抛物线拱圆拱穹顶空间结构空间桁架雪载［荷］风载［荷］土压力地震载荷弹簧支座支座位移支座沉降Lode stress parameterLevy-Mises relation Hencky stress equation Haigh-Westergaardstress space Lode strain parameter Drucker postulateGeiringer velocityEquation structural mechanics structural analysis structural dynamicsArchthree-hinged archparabolic archcircular archDomespace structurespace trusssnow loadwind loadearth pressureearthquake loadingspring support support displacementsupport settlementdegree of indeterminacy kinematic analysis method of joints method of sectionsjoint forces conjugate displacementinfluence line three-moment equation unit virtual force stiffness coefficient flexibility coefficientmoment distributionmoment distribution methodmoment redistribution distribution factor matri displacement method element stiffness matrix element strain matrix global coordinates Betti theorem Gauss-Jordan eliminationMethod buckling mode mechanics of compositescomposite materialfibrous composite unidirectional composite超静定次数 机动分析 结点法 截面法 结点力 共轭位移 影响线 三弯矩方程 单位虚力 刚度系数柔度系数力矩分配力矩分配法 力矩再分配 分配系数 矩阵位移法 单元刚度矩阵 单元应变矩阵 总体坐标 贝蒂定理 高斯一若尔当消去法屈曲模态复合材料力学 复合材料foamed composite particulate compositeLaminate sandwich panel cross-ply laminate angle-ply laminatePlycellular solid ExpansionDebulk Degradation DelaminationDebond fiber stress ply stress ply strain interlaminar stress specific strength strength reduction factor strength -stress ratio transverse shear modulustransverse isotropyOrthotropyshear lag analysis chopped fiber continuous fiber fiber direction泡沫复合材料 颗粒复合材料层板 夹层板 正交层板 斜交层板 层片 多胞固体 膨胀 压实 劣化 脱层 脱粘 纤维应力 层应力 层应变层间应力比强度强度折减系数 强度应力比 横向剪切模量 横观各向同性 正交各向异 剪滞分析 短纤维 长纤维fiber break fiber pull-out fiber reinforcementDensification optimum weight design netting analysis rule of mixture failure criterion Tsai-W u failure criterionDugdale model fracture mechanics probabilistic fractureMechanicsGriffith theory linear elastic fracturemechanics, LEFMelastic-plastic fracturemecha-nics, EPFMFracture brittle fracturecleavage fracture creep fracture ductile fracture inter-granular fracture quasi-cleavage fracture trans-granular fractureCrack纤维断裂 纤维拔脱 纤维增强 致密化 最小重量设计 网格分析法 混合律 失效准则 蔡一吴失效准则 达格代尔模型断裂力学概率断裂力学格里菲思理论线弹性断裂力学弹塑性断裂力学断裂 脆性断裂 解理断裂 蠕变断裂 延性断裂 晶间断裂 准解理断裂 裂纹Flaw Defect Slit MicrocrackKinkelliptical crack embedded crack penny-shape crackPrecrack short crack surface crack crack blunting crack branching crack closure crack front crack mouthcrack opening angle,COAcrack opening displacement,CODcrack resistancecrack surfacecrack tipcrack tip opening angle,CTOAcrack tip openingdisplacement, CTOD crack tip singularity裂缝 缺陷 割缝 微裂纹 折裂 椭圆裂纹 深埋裂纹 ［钱］币状裂纹预制裂纹 短裂纹 表面裂纹 裂纹钝化 裂纹分叉 裂纹闭合 裂纹前缘 裂纹嘴 裂纹张开角 裂纹张开位移裂纹阻力裂纹面裂纹尖端 裂尖张角裂尖张开位移Fieldcrack growth rate stable crack growth steady crack growth subcritical crack growthcrack retardation crack arrest arrest toughness fracture mode sliding mode opening mode tearing mode mixed mode Tearingtearing modulus fracture criterionJ-integral J-resistance curve fracture toughness stress intensity factor Hutchinson-Rice-RosengrenFieldconservation integraleffective stress tensor strain energy density energy release ratecohesive zone裂纹扩展速率 稳定裂纹扩展 定常裂纹扩展 亚临界裂纹扩展 裂纹［扩展］减速 止裂 止裂韧度 断裂类型 滑开型 张开型 撕开型 复合型 撕裂 撕裂模量 断裂准则 J 积分 J 阻力曲线 断裂韧度 应力强度因子HRR 场守恒积分 有效应力张量 应变能密度 能量释放率塑性区plastic zone张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transitiontempe- rature剪切带shear band 剪切唇shear lip无损检测non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件double edge notchedspecimen, DEN specimen 单边缺口试件single edge notchedspecimen, SEN specimen 三点弯曲试件three point bendingspecimen, TPB specimen 中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tensionspecimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件center cracked panelspecimen, CCP specimen 紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen,CT specimen 大范围屈服large scale yielding 小范围攻屈服small scale yielding 韦布尔分布Weibull distribution 帕里斯公式paris formula空穴化Cavitation应力腐蚀stress corrosion概率风险判定probabilistic riskassessment, PRAdamage mechanicsDamagecontinuum damage mechanics microscopic damage mechanicsaccumulated damage brittle damage ductile damage macroscopic damage microscopic damage microscopic damagedamage criteriondamage evolution equationdamage softeningdamage strengtheningdamage tensor damage threshold damage variable damage vector damage zone Fatigue low cycle fatigue stress fatigue random fatigue creep fatigue corrosion fatigue fatigue damage 损伤力学 损伤 连续介质损伤力学 细观损伤力学 累积损伤 脆性损伤 延性损伤 宏观损伤 细观损伤 微观损伤损伤准则损伤演化方程损伤软化 损伤强化 损伤张量 损伤阈值 损伤变量 损伤矢量 损伤区 疲劳 低周疲劳 应力疲劳 随机疲劳 蠕变疲劳 腐蚀疲劳fatigue failure fatigue fracture fatigue crack fatigue life fatigue rupture fatigue strength fatigue striations fatigue threshold alternating load alternating stress stress amplitudestrain fatiguestress cyclestress ratio safe life overloading effect cyclic hardening cyclic softening environmental effectcrack gage crack growth, crackPropagation crack initiationcycle ratio experimental stressAnalysisactive[strain] gage疲劳失效 疲劳断裂 疲劳裂纹 疲劳寿命 疲劳破坏 疲劳强度 疲劳辉纹 疲劳阈值 交变载荷 交变应力应力幅值应变疲劳应力循环 应力比 安全寿命 过载效应 循环硬化 循环软化 环境效应 裂纹片 裂纹扩展裂纹萌生 循环比工作［应变］片backing material stress gage zero shift, zero drift strain measurementstrain gage strain indicator strain rosette strain sensitivity mechanical strain gage rectangular rosetteExtensometertelemetering of strain transverse gage factor transverse sensitivity weldable strain gage balanced bridge bonded strain gage bonded foiled gage bonded wire gage bridge balancing capacitance strain gage compensation technique compensation techniquereference bridge resistance strain gageself-temperature compensating gage基底材料 应力计 零［点］飘移 应变测量 应变计 应变指示器 应变花 应变灵敏度 机械式应变仪 直角应变花弓I 伸仪 应变遥测 横向灵敏系数 横向灵敏度 焊接式应变计 平衡电桥 粘贴式应变计 粘贴箔式应变计 粘贴丝式应变计桥路平衡 电容应变计 补偿片 补偿技术 基准电桥 电阻应变计semiconductor strainGageslip ring strain amplifier fatigue life gage inductance [strain] gagePhotomechanics Photoelasticity Photoplasticity Young fringe birefrigent effect contour of equal Displacement dark fringefringe multiplication interference fringeIsochromatic Isoclinic isopachic stress- optic lawIsostatic light fringe optical path differencephoto-thermo -elasticityphotoelastic coatingMethodphotoelastic sandwich半导体应变计集流器 应变放大镜 疲劳寿命计 电感应变计 光［测］力学光弹性 光塑性 杨氏条纹 双折射效应 等位移线暗条纹 条纹倍增 干涉条纹 等差线 等倾线 等和线 应力光学定律 主应力迹线亮条纹光程差热光弹性 光弹性贴片法Methoddynamic photo-elasticityspatial filtering spatial frequencyPolarizerreflection polariscope residual birefringentEffectstrain fringe valuestrain-optic sensitivitystress freezing effectstress fringe valuestress-optic pattern temporary birefringentEffect pulsed holographytransmission polariscope real-time holographic interfero - metrygrid methodholo-photoelasticityHologram Holographholographic interferometry holographic moire techniqueHolography whole-field analysis动态光弹性 空间滤波 空间频率 起偏镜 反射式光弹性仪 残余双折射效应应变条纹值应变光学灵敏度应力冻结效应应力条纹值 应力光图 暂时双折射效应脉冲全息法 透射式光弹性仪 实时全息干涉法网格法 全息光弹性法全息图 全息照相 全息干涉法 全息云纹法 全息术散斑干涉法speckle interferometry 散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearinginterferometry,shearography散斑图Specklegram 白光散斑法white-light speckle method 云纹干涉法moire interferometry ［叠栅］云纹moire fringe［叠栅］云纹法moire method 云纹图moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moire method 参考栅reference grating试件栅specimen grating分析栅analyzer grating面内云纹法in-plane moire method脆性涂层法brittle-coating method 条带法strip coating method坐标变换transformation ofCoordinates计算结构力学computational structuralmecha-nics加权残量法weighted residual method 有限差分法finite difference method 有限［单］元法finite element method 配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variationalPrinciple 最小二乘法least square method胡［海昌］一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-ReissnerPrinciple修正变分原理modified variationalPrinciple约束变分原理constrained variationalPrinciple混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调兀conforming element非协调兀non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition自然边界条件natural boundary condition离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized straingeneralized stress interface variable node, nodal pointElement corner node mid-side node internal node nodeless variablebar element truss element beam elementtwo-dimensional elementone-dimensional elementthree-dimensional element axisymmetric elementplate element shell elementthick plate element triangular element quadrilateral element tetrahedral element curved element quadratic element linear element cubic element quartic element isoparametric element广义应力 界面变量 节点 ［单］元 角节点 边节点 内节点 无节点变量杆元 桁架杆元梁元二维元一维元 三维元 轴对称元厚板元 三角形元 四边形元 四面体元 曲线元 二次元 线性元 三次元 四次元 等参［数］super-parametric element sub-parametric element variable-number-nodeelement Lagrange element Lagrange family serendipity element serendipity family infinite element element analysis element characteristicsstiffness matrixgeometric matrixequivalent nodal forcenodal displacementnodal load displacement vectorload vector mass matrix lumped mass matrix consistent mass matrixdamping matrix Rayleigh damping assembly of stiffnessMatricesconsistent mass matrix assembly of mass matrices assembly of elements超参数元 亚参数元 节点数可变元 拉格朗日元 拉格朗日族 巧凑边点元 巧凑边点族 无限元 单元分析 单元特性刚度矩阵几何矩阵等效节点力节点位移 节点载荷 位移矢量 载荷矢量 质量矩阵 集总质量矩阵 相容质量矩阵 阻尼矩阵 瑞利阻尼 刚度矩阵的组集载荷矢量的组集 质量矩阵的组集local coordinate systemlocal coordinate area coordinates volume coordinates curvilinear coordinates static condensation contragradienttransformation shape function trial function test function weight function spline function substitute function reduced integration zero-energy mode p-convergenceh-convergenceblended interpolation isoparametric mapping bilinear interpolationpatch test incompatible modenode number element number band width banded matrix profile matrix局部坐标系 局部坐标 面积坐标 体积坐标 曲线坐标 静凝聚合同变换 形状函数 试探函数 检验函数 权函数 样条函数 代用函数 降阶积分 零能模式P 收敛H 收敛 掺混插值 等参数映射 双线性插值 小块检验 非协调模式 节点号 M 二 口. 单兀号minimization of band widthfrontal method subspace iteration method determinant search methodstep-by-step methodNewmark Wilsonquasi-Newton method Newton-Raphson method incremental method initial straininitial stresstangent stiffness matrixsecant stiffness matrix mode superposition method equilibrium iterationSubstructure substructure techniquesuper-element mesh generationstructural analysis programpre-processing post-processing mesh refinement stress smoothing composite structure带宽最小化 波前法 子空间迭代法 行列式搜索法逐步法 纽马克法 威尔逊法 拟牛顿法 牛顿-拉弗森法增量法初应变初应力切线刚度矩阵 割线刚度矩阵 模态叠加法 平衡迭代 子结构 子结构法 超单元 网格生成 结构分析程序前处理 后处理 网格细化 应力光顺。

分类号TQS5;TS734 学位代码308学校代码10298密级GK 学号*******硕士学位论文论文题目：CMC添加及打浆方式对化机浆纤维悬浮液屈服应力的影响******专业：制浆造纸工程研究方向：制浆造纸节能减排技术与装备指导教师：张辉教授二〇一七年六月致谢在南林大度过了七个春秋，我见证了南林大的种种变化，同时南林大也见证了我的蜕变。

在南林大所经历的点点滴滴将是我一生的财富。

在毕业论文完成之际，我对这七年间的陪伴在我身边的人表示由衷的感谢。

感谢我的导师张辉教授，在我读研究生的三年期间，不止在学术研究中，更是在生活、工作中给予了我无微不至的关怀与帮助。

感谢他为我的课题研究提供的便利条件与机会，使得课题工作顺利的完成；感谢他在学习、工作上给予足够的信任与自由，为我提供了更为广阔的发展空间。

导师的博学善思而不失谦逊，厚德务实而不失严谨，是我今后在工作、学习、生活中的宝贵财富。

感谢南京林业大学轻工科学与工程学院的景宜老师、童国林老师、胡慕伊老师、程金兰老师、熊智新老师和王晨老师等人对我课题研究给予的悉心指导，感谢江苏省制浆造纸科学与技术重点实验室的皮成忠老师、张欢老师、刘学斌老师和宜勇钢老师为我的实验进行提供了便利的条件。

感谢黄依杭老师、曹海峰老师、张义生老师、张德珍老师、郑志红老师、尹红梅老师、施婧老师给予的关怀与帮助。

感谢师兄沙九龙、杨帅、刘钰，师姐朱文、刘立苹、窦靖、张欣，师妹李金苗、蔡慧、蒋旸，师弟陈辰。

在7B429同他们在一起的这段时间弥足珍贵。

感谢南京林业大学轻工科学与工程学院7B414、7B420、7B422、7B424实验室的同学们在我实验过程中提供的帮助。

感谢刘洪豪、姜冲、陈帅帅三位可爱舍友以及段海涛和柴江松两位挚友的陪伴，有了他们，我的研究生期间更加充实、欢乐无限。

感谢朱超、何晶、于蒙蒙、金鑫、张莉莉、徐辉等南林轻工1015022班的小伙伴们，与他们在一起的大学生活多姿多彩，终生难忘。

结构控制structural controlstructure control结构控制: structural control結構控制: structural control结构控制剂: constitution controller裂缝宽度容许值裂缝宽度容许值： allowable value of crack width装配式预制装配式预制: precast装配式预制的: precast—segmental装配式预制混凝土环: precast concrete segmental ring安装预应力安装预应力: prestressed最优化optimization最优化： Optimum Theory｜optimization｜ALARA 使最优化: optimized次最优化: suboptimization空心板梁空心板梁： hollow slab beam主梁截面主梁截面： girder section边、中跨径边、中跨径: side span ＆middle spin主梁girder主梁： girder｜main beam｜king post 桥主梁: bridge girder主梁翼: main spar单墩单墩： single pier单墩尾水管： single—pier draught tube单墩肘形尾水管: one—pier elbow draught tube结构优化设计结构优化设计： optimal structure designing扩结构优化设计： Optimal Struc ture Designing 液压机结构优化设计软件包： HYSOP连续多跨多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports拼接板splice barsplice plate拼接板： splice bar｜scab｜splice plate 端头拼接板: end matched lumber销钉拼接板： pin splice裂缝crack crevice跨越to step acrossstep over跨越: stride leap|across|spanning跨越杆: cross—over pole｜crossingpole 跨越点: crossing point|crossover point刚构桥rigid frame bridge刚构桥： rigid frame bridge形刚构桥： T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续刚构桥： continuous rigid frame bridge刚度比stiffness ratioratio of rigidity刚度比： ratio of rigidity|stiffness ratio 动刚度比： dynamic stiffenss ratio刚度比劲度比： stiffnessratio等截面粱uniform beam等截面粱： uniform beam|uniform cross-section beam桥梁工程bridge constructionbridgework桥梁工程： bridgeworks｜LUSAS FEA｜Bridge Engineering 桥梁工程师： Bridge SE铁路桥梁工程： railway bridge engineering悬索桥suspension bridge悬索桥： suspension bridge｜su e io ridge 懸索橋: Suspension bridge|Puente colgante 加劲悬索桥: stiffenedsuspensionbridge预应力混凝土prestressed concrete预应力混凝土: prestressed concrete|prestre edconcrete 预应力混凝土梁： prestressed concrete beam预应力混凝土管： prestressed concrete pipe预应力钢筋束预应力钢筋束: pre-stressing tendon｜pre-stre ingtendon 抛物线型钢丝束（预应力配钢筋结构用）： parabolic cable最小配筋率minimum steel ratio轴向拉力axial tensionaxial tensile force轴向拉力: axial tension｜axial te ion 轴向拉力, 轴向拉伸： axial tension轴向拉力轴向张力: axialtensileforce承台cushion cap承台： bearing platform|cushioncap｜pile caps 桩承台： pile cap｜platformonpiles低桩承台: low pile cap拱桥arch bridge拱桥： hump bridge|arch bridge｜arched bridge 拱橋: Arch bridge|Puente en arco｜Pont en arc 鸠拱桥: Khājū强度intensitystrength强度： intensity｜Strength｜Density刚强度： stiffness|stiffne|westbank stiffness 光强度： light intensity｜intensity箍筋hooping箍筋: stirrup｜reinforcement stirrup|hooping 箍筋柱： tied column｜hooped column形箍筋: u stirrup u预应力元件预应力元件： prestressed element等效荷载equivalent load等效荷载： equivalent load等效荷载原理： principle of equivalent loads 等效负载等效荷载等值负载： equivalentload模型matrix model mould pattern承载能力极限状态承载能力极限状态： ultimate limit states正常使用极限状态serviceability limit state正常使用极限状态: serviceability limit state正常使用极限状态验证: verification of serviceability limit states弹性elasticityspringinessspringgiveflexibility弹性： elasticity｜Flexibility｜stretch 彈性: Elastic｜Elasticidad|弾性弹性体: elastomer｜elastic body|SPUA平截面假定plane cross-section assumption平截面假定: plane cross-section assumption抗拉强度intensity of tension tensile strength安全系数safety factor标准值standard value标准值: standard value,|reference value作用标准值： characteristic value of an action 重力标准值: gravity standard设计值value of calculationdesign value设计值： design value｜value｜designed value 作用设计值: design value of an action荷载设计值: design value of a load可靠度confidence levelreliabilityfiduciary level可靠度： Reliability｜degree of reliability 不可靠度: Unreliability高可靠度: High Reliability几何特征geometrical characteristic几何特征: geometrical characteristic配位几何特征： coordinated geometric feature 流域几何特征： basin geometric characteristics塑性plastic nature plasticity应力图stress diagram应力图： stress diagram|stress pattern 谷式应力图： Cremona’s method机身应力图: fuselage stress diagram压应力crushing stress压应力： compressive stress｜compression stress 抗压应力: compressive stress|pressure load内压应力: internal pressure stress配筋率ratio of reinforcement reinforcement ratioreinforcement percentage配筋率: reinforcement ratio平均配筋率: balanced steel ratio纵向配筋率: longitudinal steel ratio有限元分析finite element analysis有限元分析: FEA｜finite element analysis (FEA)｜ABAQUS 反有限元分析: inverse finite element analysis有限元分析软件： HKS ABAQUS|MSC/NASTRAN MSC/NASTRAN有限元法finite element method有限元法： FInite Element|finite element method 积有限元法: CVFEM线性有限元法: Linear Finite Element Method裂缝控制裂缝控制: crack control控制裂缝钢筋: crack-control reinforcement检查，核对，抑制，控制，试验，裂缝，支票,账单,牌号，名牌： check应力集中stress concentration应力集中: stress concentration应力集中点： hard spot｜focal point of stress 应力集中器： stress concentrators主拉应力principal tensile stress主拉应力: principal tensile stress非线性nonlinearity非线性振动nonlinear oscillationsnonlinear vibration非线性振动: nonlinear vibration非线性振动理论： theory of non linear vibration 非线性随机振动： Nonlinear random vibration弯矩flexural momentment of flexion (moment of flexure）bending momentflexural torque弯矩: bending moment|flexural moment｜kN—m 弯矩图： bending moment diagram|moment curve 双弯矩： bimoment弯矩中心center of momentsmoment center弯矩中心： center of moments|momentcenter弯矩分配法moment distributionmomentdistribution弯矩分配法: hardy cross method|cross method弯矩图bending moment diagrammoment curvemoment diagram弯矩图： bending moment diagram|moment curve 最终弯矩图： final bending moment diagram最大弯矩图: maximum bending moment diagram剪力shearing force剪力: shearing force｜shear force｜shear剪力墙: shear wall｜shearing wall|shear panel 剪力钉： shear nails｜SHEAR CONCRETE STUD弹性模量elasticity modulus young’s modulus elastic modulus modulus of elasticity elastic ratio剪力图shear diagram剪力图： shear diagram｜shearing force diagram剪力和弯矩图： Shear and Moment Diagrams绘制剪力和弯矩图的图解法： Graphical Method for Constructing Shear and Moment Diagrams剪力墙shear wall剪力墙: shear wall|shearing wall|shear panel 抗剪力墙: shearwall剪力墙结构: shear wall structure轴力轴力： shaft force｜axial force螺栓轴力测试仪： Bolt shaft force tester 轴向力: axial force|normal force｜beam框架结构frame construction等参单元等参数单元等参元： isoparametricelement板单元板单元： plate unit托板单元： pallet unit骨板骨单元： lamella/lamellaeosteon梁（surname) beam of roof bridge桥梁bridge曲率curvature材料力学mechanics of materials结构力学structural mechanics结构力学: Structural Mechanics|theory of structures 重结构力学: barodynamics船舶结构力学： Structual Mechamics for Ships弯曲刚度flexural rigiditybending rigidity弯曲刚度: bending stiffness｜flexural rigidity 截面弯曲刚度: flexural rigidity of section弯曲刚度，抗弯劲度： bending stiffness钢管混凝土结构encased structures钢管混凝土结构： encased structures极限荷载ultimate load极限荷载: ultimate load极限荷载设计： limit load design｜ultimate load design 设计极限荷载： designlimitloadDLL｜design ultimate load极限荷载设计limit load designultimate load analysisultimate load design极限荷载设计： limit load design|ultimate load design 设计极限荷载: designlimitloadDLL｜design ultimate load板壳力学mechanics of board shell板壳力学: Plate Mechanics板壳非线性力学: Nonlinear Mechanics of Plate and Shell本构模型本构模型: constitutive model体积本构模型： bulk constitutive equation 本构模型屈服面: yield surface主钢筋main reinforcing steelmain reinforcement主钢筋： main reinforcement｜Main Reinforcing Steel 钢筋混凝土的主钢筋： mainbar悬臂梁socle beam悬臂梁: cantilever beam|cantilever|outrigger 悬臂梁长: length of cantilever双悬臂梁: TDCB悬链线catenary悬链线: Catenary，|catenary wire｜chainette 伪悬链线: pseudocatenary悬链线长: catenary length加劲肋ribbed stiffener加劲肋： stiffening rib|stiffener｜ribbed stiffener 短加劲肋： short stiffener支承加劲肋： bearing stiffener技术标准technology standard水文水文: Hydrology水文学： hydrology｜hydroaraphy｜すいもんがく水文图： hydrograph｜hydrological maps招标invite public bidding投标（v） submit a bid bid for连续梁through beam连续梁： continuous beam｜through beam多跨连续梁： continuous beam on many supports 悬臂连续梁： gerber beam加劲梁stiff girder加劲梁： stiffening girder｜buttress brace 加劲梁节点： stiff girder connection支撑刚性梁，加劲梁，横撑: buttress brace水文学hydrology水文学： hydrology|hydroaraphy｜すいもんがく水文學： Hydrologie|水文学|?？? ？?？??？古水文学： paleohydrology桥梁抗震桥梁抗震加固: bridge aseismatic strengthening抗风wind resistance抗风: Withstand Wind|Wtstan Wn｜wind resistance 抗风锚： weather anchor抗风性： wind resistance基础的basal桥梁控制测量bridge construction control survey桥梁控制测量: bridge construction control survey桥梁施工桥梁施工控制综合程序系统： FWD桥梁最佳施工指南: Bridge Best Practice Guidelines桥梁工程施工技术咨询： Bridge Construction Engineering Service总体设计overall designintegrated design总体设计: Global｜overall design|general arrangement 总体设计概念： totaldesignconcept工厂总体设计图： general layout scheme初步设计predesign preliminary plan技术设计technical design技术设计: technical design|technical project 技术设计员: Technical Designer|technician技术设计图: technical drawing施工图设计construction documents design施工图设计： construction documents design施工图设计阶段： construction documents design phase基本建设项目施工图设计： design of working drawing of a capital construction project桥台abutment bridge abutment基础foundation basebasis结构形式structural style结构形式: Type of construction|form of structure 表结构形式: list structure form屋顶结构形式： roof form地震earthquake地震活动earthquake activityseismic activityseismic motionseismicity地震活动： Seismic activity|seismic motion 地震活动性： seismicity｜seismic地震活动图： seismicity map支撑体系支撑体系: bracing system|support system 物流企业安全平台支撑体系: SSOSP公路桥涵公路施工手册-桥涵： Optimization of Road Traffic Organization —Abstract引道approach roadramp wayapproach引道： approach｜approach road引道坡: approach ramp｜a roachramp 引道版: Approach slab装配式装配式桥: fabricated bridge|precast bridge 装配式房屋: Prefabricated buildings装配式钢体: fabricated steel body耐久性wear耐久性： durability|permanence｜endurance不耐久性: fugitiveness耐久性试验： endurance test｜life test|durability test持久状况持久状况： persistent situation 短暂状况短暂状况: transient situation 偶然状况偶然状况： accidental situation永久作用永久作用： permanent action永久作用标准值： characteristic value of permanent action可变作用可变作用： variable action可变作用标准值： characteristic value of variable action 可变光阑作用： iris action偶然作用偶然作用： accidental action偶然同化（作用）: accidental assimilation作用效应偶然组合： accidental combination for action effects作用代表值作用代表值： representative value of an action作用标准值作用标准值: characteristic value of an action地震作用标准值： characteristic value of earthquake action 可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action作用频遇值作用频遇值 Frequent value of an action安全等级safe class安全等级: safety class｜Security Level|safeclass 生物安全等级： Biosafety Level生物安全等級： Biosafety Level作用actionactivity actionsactseffectto play a role设计基准期design reference period设计基准期： design reference period作用准永久值作用准永久值： quasi－permanentvalueofanaction作用效应作用效应: effects of actions｜effect of an action 互作用效应： interaction effect质量作用效应: mass action effect作用效应设计值作用效应设计值 Design value of an action effect分项系数分项系数： partial safety factor｜partial factor 作用分项系数: partial safety factor for action抗力分项系数： partial safety factor for resistance作用效应组合作用效应组合: combination for action effects作用效应基本组合： fundamental combination for action effects 作用效应偶然组合: accidental combination for action effects结构重要性系数结构重要性系数Coefficient for importance of a structure桥涵桥涵跟桥梁比较类似,主要区别在于：单孔跨径小于5m或多孔跨径之和小于8m的为桥涵,大于这个标准的为桥梁公路等级公路等级: highway classification标准：公路等级代码： Code for highway classification标准:公路路面等级与面层类型代码: Code for classification and type of highway pavement顺流fair current设计洪水频率设计洪水频率： designed flood frequency水力water powerwater conservancyirrigation works水力： hydraulic power|water power|water stress水力学: Hydraulics|hydromechanics｜fluid mechanics 水力的: hydraulic｜hydrodynamic|hyd河槽river channel河槽： stream channel|river channel｜gutter 古河槽： old channel河槽线： channel axis河岸riversidestrand河岸: bank|riverside｜river bank 河岸林: riparian forest河岸权： riparian right河岸侵蚀stream bank erosion河岸侵蚀： bank erosion｜stream bank erosion 河岸侵蚀河岸侵食： bank erosion河岸侵蚀，堤岸冲刷: bank erosion高架桥桥墩高架桥桥墩: viaduct pier桥梁净空高潮时桥梁净空高度： bridge clearance行车道lane行车道： carriageway｜traffic lane｜Through Lane 快行车道: fast lane西行车道: westbound carriageway一级公路A roadarterial roadarterial highway一级公路： A road arterial road arterial highway 一级公路网: primaryhighwaysystem二级公路b roadsecondary road二级公路: B road, secondary road涵洞culvert涵洞： culvert梁涵洞： Beam Culverts 木涵洞: timber culvert河床riverbedrunway河床： river bed｜bed｜stream bed冰河床： glacier bed型河床： oxbow|horseshoe bend|meander loop河滩flood plainriver beach河滩: river shoal｜beach|river flat 河滩地： flood land|overflow land 河滩区: riffle area高级公路high-type highway高级公路: high—typehighway高架桥trestleviaduct高架桥: viaduct|overhead viaduct 高架橋： Viadukt｜Viaducto｜高架橋高架桥面： elevated deck洪水流量volume of floodflood dischargeflooddischarge洪水流量： flood discharge|flood flow｜peak discharge 洪水流量预报: flooddischargeforecast平均年洪水流量: average annual flood设计速度design speed设计速度: design speed｜designed speed|design rate设计速度，构造速度: desin speed|desin speed 〈haha最大阵风强度的设计速度： VB Design Speed for Maximum Gust Intension跨度span紧急停车emergency shutdown （cut—off）emergency cut—off紧急停车: abort|panic stop｜emergency stop 紧急停车带： lay-by|emergency parking strip 紧急停车阀: emergency stop valve减速gear downretardment speed-down deceleration slowdown车道traffic lane路缘带side tripmarginal stripmargin verge路缘带: marginal strip|side strip|margin verge路肩shoulder of earth body路肩： shoulder｜verge|shoulder of road 硬路肩： hard shoulder｜hardened verge 软路肩： Soft Shoulder最小值minimum value最小值: minimum|Min｜least value 求最小值: minimization找出最小值: min最大值max.最大值原理principle of the maximummaximum principlemaximal principle最大值原理： maximum principle，｜maximal principle 离散最大值原理： discrete maximum principle极大值原理,最大值原理： maximum principle车道宽度车道宽度： lane-width自行车道cycle—track自行车道: bicycle path｜cycle path｜cycle track旗津环岛海景观光自行车道： Cijin Oceanview Bike Path 自行车道专供自行车行驶的车道。