高考英语长难句
历年高考阅读理解总会有长难句，而且这些长难句通常是文章中的重要内容，因此一句没读懂，全文的理解就出了问题，这必定影响后面的阅读答题！在高三复习阶段，读一些长难句是必要的，也是有益的！
1.Decision-thinking is not unlike poker---it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.
2.Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) ,it can have a major effect on the quality of life and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，”said Professor Peter Barnes. (2008全国D篇)
3.You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as well as you can, and even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, it doesn't matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.
4.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals（ITA）in salt Lake City.（NMET2003.B篇）
突破策略
(1) 结构分析法
所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。
方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分
较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。
①However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.
此句的主语为many scientists，主语里面包含了一个由who引导的定语从句。主句有两个谓语，即are doubtful和say，say后面又包含了一个宾语从句。
②Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.
此句的主语为some companies,有两个谓语，即have made和emphasize。
③At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute(道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.
此句的主语为a microcomputer，也有两个谓语，即locks 和sets。
方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
①The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing.
②Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted.
第一句话中第一个and和第2句中的and是连接两个并列成分的，两句话的and 都是
连接两个并列单句。
方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
①Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave afailing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.
whereas引导了一个从句，即a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave afailing marriage, 而it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriagewas in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。
方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.
首先弄清并列复合句，即but连接的两个句子，再看but前有一个条件状语从句，but后为一个单句，单句里又有一个who引导的定语从句。
(2)意群阅读法
意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。例如：
When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other①, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield②with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters③.
分析：①是状语从句，②是主句，③是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句子划为4个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。
典型例题
例1 What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation(移植).
解析：此句的主语为What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life整个从句，其中主语里面又包含了一个由who引导的定语从句；主语的谓语为is，后面的that引导两个并列的表语从句。
点评：分析长难句时找出主句的谓语是至关重要的一步。
例2 Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.
解析：此句的主语为Pasteur，谓语即discovered，第一个that引导的是宾语从句。在宾语从句中after引导状语从句，第二个that引导定语从句。第三个that引导同位语从句。
点评：that在长难句里面用得非常多，所以正确理解that在不同从句中的用法非常重要。
跳出陷阱
1. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan—“a woman who knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”.
分析：第一句的主语为James Green, the librarian，谓语为told，第一个宾语为the magazine “American Libraries”，第二个宾语为宾语从句，此宾语从句的主语为This chance
