迈克尔孙干涉仪测空气折射率实验报告

利用迈克耳逊干涉仪测气体折射率实验报告英文回答：Michaelson Interferometer for Gas Refractive Index Measurement Experiment Report。

Introduction:The Michelson interferometer is a highly precise instrument that can be used to measure the refractive index of gases. It works by splitting a beam of light into two paths, one of which passes through the gas sample. The two beams are then recombined, and the resulting interference pattern is used to calculate the refractive index of the gas.Experimental Setup:The Michelson interferometer is a relatively simpleinstrument to set up. It consists of two mirrors that are mounted on a rigid frame. A beam of light is split into two paths by a beam splitter, and one of the beams is directed through the gas sample. The two beams are then recombined by a second beam splitter, and the resulting interference pattern is observed on a screen.Procedure:To measure the refractive index of a gas using a Michelson interferometer, the following procedure is followed:1. The interferometer is set up as described above.2. A beam of light is shone into the interferometer.3. The gas sample is placed in the path of one of the beams.4. The interference pattern is observed on the screen.5. The refractive index of the gas is calculated using the following equation:```。

利用迈克耳逊干涉仪测气体折射率实验报告英文回答：Introduction。

The Michelson interferometer is a device that can be used to measure the refractive index of a gas. It consists of two arms of equal length, each of which is terminated by a mirror. A beam of light is split into two beams, and each beam is sent down one of the arms. The beams are then reflected back by the mirrors and recombined. If the refractive index of the gas in one of the arms is different from the refractive index of the gas in the other arm, the beams will be out of phase when they are recombined, and this will produce an interference pattern.Procedure。

I set up the Michelson interferometer and aligned themirrors so that the beams were recombining in the center of the screen. I then introduced a sample of gas into one of the arms and observed the interference pattern. I measured the distance between the bright bands and used this to calculate the refractive index of the gas.Results。

实验十一 用迈克尔逊干涉光路测空气折射率光的干涉是重要的光学现象之一，是光的波动性的重要实验依据。

两列频率相同、振动方向相同和位相差恒定的相干光在空间相交区域将会发生相互加强或减弱现象，即光的干涉现象。

光的波长虽然很短(4×10－７～8×10－７m 之间)，但干涉条纹的间距和条纹数却很容易用光学仪器测得。

根据干涉条纹数目和间距的变化与光程差、波长等的关系式，可以推出微小长度变化(光波波长数量级)和微小角度变化等，因此干涉现象在照相技术、测量技术、平面角检测技术、材料应力及形变研究等领域有着广泛地应用。

相干光源的获取除用激光外，在实验室中一般是将同一光源采用分波阵面或分振幅2种方法获得，并使其在空间经不同路径会合后产生干涉。

迈克尔逊干涉仪是1883年美国物理学家迈克尔逊和莫雷合作，为研究“以太”漂移而设计制造出来的精密光学仪器。

它是利用分振幅法产生双光束以实现干涉。

在近代物理和近代计量技术中，如在光谱线精细结构的研究和用光波标定标准米尺等实验中都有着重要的应用。

利用该仪器的原理，研制出多种专用干涉仪。

一、实验目的1、掌握迈克尔逊干涉光路的原理和调节方法。

2、学会调出非定域干涉条纹、等倾干涉条纹、等厚干涉条纹。

3、学习利用迈克尔逊干涉光路测量常温下空气的折射率。

二、实验仪器He-Ne 激光器及电源，扩束镜（短焦距凸透镜），全反镜，温度计，小孔光阑，密封玻璃管，气压计等。

三、实验原理1、迈克尔逊干涉光路图11.1是迈克尔逊干涉光路原理图，从光源S 发出的一束光射到分束板1G 上，1G 的后表面镀有半反射膜（一般镀金属银），光在半反射膜上反射和透射，被分成光强接近相等的两束光，一束为反射光1，一束为透射光2。

当激光束以45°角射向分束板1G 时，被分成相互垂直的两束光。

这两束光分别垂直射向两平面反射镜1M 和2M ，经它们反射后再回到分束板1G 的半反射膜上，又汇聚成一束光，射到光屏E 处。

实验四 用迈克尔逊干涉仪空气的折射率一、实验目的用分离的光学元件构建一个迈克尔逊干涉仪。

通过降低空气的压强测量其折射率。

二、仪器和光学元件光学平台；HeNe 激光；调整架，35x35mm ；平面镜，30x30mm ；磁性基座；分束器50:50；透镜，f=+20mm ；白屏；玻璃容器，手持气压泵，组合夹具，T 形连接，适配器，软管，硅管三、实验原理借助迈克尔逊干涉仪装置中的两个镜，光线被引进干涉仪。

通过改变光路中容器内气体的压强，推算出空气的折射率。

If two Waves having the same frequency ω , but different amplitudes and different phases are coincident at onelocation , they superimpose to()()2211sin sin αα-∙+-∙=wt a wt a YThe resulting can be described by the followlng : ()α-∙=wt A Y sinw ith the amplitudeδcos 22122212∙++=a a a a A(1)and the phase difference21ααδ-=In a Michelson interferometer , the light beam is split by a half-silvered glass plate into two partial beams ( amplitude splitting ) , reflected by two mirrors , and again brought tointerference behind the glass plate . Since only large luminous spots can exhibit circular interference fringes , the Iight beam is expanded between the laser and the glass plate by a lens L . If one replaces the real mirror M3 with its virtual image M3 /, , Which is formed by reflection by the glass plate , a point P of the real light source appears as the points P / , and P " of the virtual light sources L l and L 2 · Due to the different lightpaths , using the designations in Fig . 2 , 图 2the phase difference is given by :θλπδcos 22∙∙∙=d （2）λis the wavelength of the laser ljght used .According to ( 1 ) , the intensity distribution fora a a ==21 is2cos 4~222δ∙∙=a A I (3)Maxima thus occur whenδis equal to a multiple ofπ2,hence with ( 2 )λθ∙=∙∙m d cos 2；m=1，2，….. ( 4 )i. e . there are circular fringes for selected , fixed values of m , and d , sinceθ remains constant ( see Fig . 3 ) . If onealters the position of the movable mirror M 3 ( cf.Fig.1 ) such that d,e.g.,decreases , according to ( 4 ) , the ciroular fringe diameter would also diminish since m is indeed defined for this ring . Thus , a ring disappears each time d is reduced by 2λ. For d = 0 the ciroular fringe pattern disappears . If the surfaces of mirrors M 4 and M 3 are not parallelin the sense of Fig . 2, one obtains curved fringes , which gradually change into straight fringes at d = 0 . 空气衍射系数的确定To measure the diffraction n of air , an air-filled cell with plane- parallel boundaries is used . The diffraction index n of a gas is a linear function of the pressure P . For pressure P = 0 an absolute vacuum exists so that n=1.P PnP n P n ⋅∆∆+==)0()( (5)From the measured date ,the difference quotientP n ∆∆/ is f irst determined :PP n P P n P n ∆-∆+=∆∆)()((6) The following is true for the optical path length d : d =s P n ⋅)((7)Where s = 2·l is the geometric length of the evacuated cell and n ( P ) is the diffraction index of the gas present in the chamber . l is the lenght of the gas column in the glass cell . The fact that the path is traversed twice due to the reflect- ion on the mirror M4 is to be taken into consideration. Thus , by varying the pressure in the cell by the value △P , the optical path length is altered by the quantity △d :△d = n ( P ＋△P ）·s 一 n ( P ）·s ( 8 )on the screen one observes the change in the circular fringe pattern with change in the pressure ( the centre of the interference fringe pattern alternately shows maximal and minimal intensity ) . Proceeding from the ambient pressure Po,one observes the N-fold resetting of the initial position of the interference pattern (i.e. , establishment of an intensity minimum in the ring ’s centre ) until a specific pressure value P has been reached . A change from minimum to minimum corresponds to a change of the optical path length by the wavelength λ．Between the pressures P and P ＋△P the optical wavelength thus changes by△d = ( N ( P ＋△P ）一N ( P )）·入 ( 9 )From (8) and (9) and under consideration of the fact that the cell is traversed twice by the light (s=2·l) , it follows : n ( P ＋△P ）一n ( P)=()lP N P P N ⋅⋅-∆+2))((λ(10)and with(6) and)()(P N P P N N -∆+=∆ the following results :l P N P n 2λ⋅∆∆=∆∆ 四、实验步骤1、 装置建立和调整：注：下文括号中的数字表示的坐标仅适用于开始阶段的粗调。

利用迈克耳逊干涉仪测气体折射率实验报
告
实验目的：
通过利用迈克耳逊干涉仪测量气体折射率，掌握干涉仪的原理
和使用方法，了解气体折射率与气体压强、温度的关系。

实验仪器和材料：
迈克耳逊干涉仪、激光器、气体容器、气压计、温度计、计算
机等。

实验原理：
迈克耳逊干涉仪利用干涉现象测量折射率，当激光穿过气体时，由于气体折射率的影响，光程差发生变化，进而引起干涉条纹的移动。

通过测量干涉条纹的移动距离，可以计算出气体的折射率。

实验步骤：
1. 将迈克耳逊干涉仪放置在稳定的平台上，调整仪器使得激光垂直射入气体容器。

2. 打开激光器，调整干涉仪使得干涉条纹清晰可见。

3. 逐渐增加气体压强，观察干涉条纹的移动情况。

4. 测量不同气体压强下的干涉条纹移动距离，并记录下相应的气体压强和温度。

实验结果：
根据实验数据，我们得到了不同气体压强下的干涉条纹移动距离，并计算出了相应的气体折射率。

通过分析数据，我们发现气体折射率随着气体压强的增加而增加，与温度的关系也符合一定的规律。

实验结论：
通过本次实验，我们成功利用迈克耳逊干涉仪测量了气体的折射率，并得到了一定的实验数据。

同时，我们也掌握了干涉仪的使
用方法和原理，并对气体折射率与气体压强、温度的关系有了更深入的了解。

这对于今后的相关研究和实验具有一定的参考价值。

利用迈克耳逊干涉仪测气体折射率实验报告英文回答：Determination of Refractive Index of Gas Using Michelson Interferometer。

The Michelson interferometer is a versatile tool that can be used to measure various optical properties of materials, including the refractive index of gases. In this experiment, we employed the Michelson interferometer to determine the refractive index of an unknown gas sample.The Michelson interferometer consists of two mirrors, M1 and M2, mounted on a rigid frame in a configuration known as the "common path interferometer." A beam of light from a coherent source is split into two beams using asemi-transparent mirror, M3. One beam travels to mirror M1, while the other travels to mirror M2. The beams are then reflected back to the semi-transparent mirror, where theyrecombine to produce an interference pattern.The interference pattern is typically observed as a series of bright and dark fringes. The position of these fringes depends on the optical path length difference between the two interfering beams. By introducing a cell containing the gas sample into one of the arms of the interferometer, the optical path length is changed, resulting in a shift in the fringe pattern.The change in the fringe pattern can be used to determine the refractive index of the gas sample. The refractive index is a dimensionless quantity that describes the speed of light in a medium relative to its speed in vacuum. A higher refractive index indicates that the light travels slower in the medium.The refractive index of the gas sample can be calculated using the following formula:```。

迈克尔逊干涉仪实验报告英文回答：Michelson Interferometer Experiment Report。

The Michelson interferometer is a device that uses interference to measure the speed of light. It was invented by Albert Michelson in 1881, and it has been used to make many important measurements, including the speed of light, the index of refraction of air, and the gravitational constant.The Michelson interferometer consists of two mirrors that are placed at a distance of about 20 meters apart. A beam of light is split into two beams, and each beam is reflected by one of the mirrors. The two beams are then recombined, and the interference pattern is observed.The interference pattern is a series of bright and dark bands. The bright bands are formed when the two beams arein phase, and the dark bands are formed when the two beams are out of phase. The distance between the bands is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the light.The Michelson interferometer can be used to measure the speed of light by measuring the distance between the bands and the frequency of the light. The speed of light is equal to the wavelength of the light multiplied by the frequency of the light.The Michelson interferometer has also been used to measure the index of refraction of air. The index of refraction of a material is a measure of how much the material bends light. The Michelson interferometer can be used to measure the index of refraction of air by measuring the distance between the bands and the wavelength of the light.The Michelson interferometer is a very precise instrument. It has been used to make many important measurements, and it is still used today in research laboratories.中文回答：迈克尔逊干涉仪实验报告。

迈克尔逊干涉仪实验报告
前言
迈克尔逊干涉仪是一种通过干涉现象测量光波长和折射率的仪器。

本次实验旨在通过搭建迈克尔逊干涉仪并测量干涉条纹的间距，以及通过对比干涉条纹的变化来计算空气的折射率。

实验装置
•激光器
•两块反射镜
•半反射镜
•三角架
•平移台
•动态计算机显示器
实验步骤
1.将激光器直接指向半反射镜，将半反射镜的一面对着一个反射镜后照
到墙上观察。

根据反射光路情况能看到一条条垂直的光便是干涉条纹，即洛伦兹-费涅尔干涉条纹。

2.将一个反射镜固定在三角架上的一侧，尽量调节反光镜的髙度与半反
射镜朝向垂直。

3.调整半反射镜的朝向，使反射光与反射光垂直，即把距离半反射镜
50%的光反并到一起。

4.将另一个反射镜点在电子器上，利用电子计算器的平移台，将该反射
镜移动，则会发现干涉条纹的位置也随之移动。

实验结果
我们使用一个动态计算机显示器观察到了干涉条纹的变化。

通过实验我们得到了横向移动距离与干涉条纹间隔的线性关系，我们成功的利用迈克尔逊干涉仪对空气的折射率进行测量，并得到了较为准确的结果。

本次实验成功地搭建了迈克尔逊干涉仪，并对干涉条纹的间距进行了测量。

我们通过干涉条纹的变化成功的计算出了空气的折射率。

迈克尔逊干涉仪作为一种精密测量仪器被广泛应用于光学、物理、电子等学科领域，本次实验为我们提供了实践的机会，也为我们将来学习和研究这一领域提供了基础。

迈克尔逊干涉仪测量空气折射率实验报告一、实验目的1、了解迈克尔逊干涉仪的结构和工作原理。

2、掌握用迈克尔逊干涉仪测量空气折射率的方法。

3、加深对光的干涉现象的理解。

二、实验原理迈克尔逊干涉仪是一种利用分振幅法产生双光束干涉的精密光学仪器。

其光路图如下图所示：此处可插入迈克尔逊干涉仪光路图由光源 S 发出的光射在分光板 G1 上，被分成两束光，反射光（1）射向平面镜 M1，透射光（2）射向平面镜 M2。

两束光分别被 M1、M2 反射后，又回到分光板 G1，在观察屏 E 处相遇产生干涉条纹。

当 M1 和 M2 严格垂直时，得到的是等倾干涉条纹；当 M1 和 M2 有微小夹角时，得到的是等厚干涉条纹。

本实验中，我们通过测量等倾干涉条纹的变化来测量空气折射率。

假设初始时，干涉仪两臂长度相等，即 L1 ＝ L2，对应的光程差为Δ ＝ 2(L2 L1) ＝ 0，此时观察屏上出现中心为亮点的等倾干涉条纹。

当向迈克尔逊干涉仪的一臂中缓慢充入空气时，光在空气中的传播速度变慢，导致光程增加。

设充入空气后光程变化量为ΔL，空气折射率为 n，则有：ΔL ＝（n 1)L （其中 L 为充入空气的光路长度）通过测量充入空气前后干涉条纹的变化数Δk，以及已知的波长λ和干涉仪的臂长 L，可以计算出空气折射率 n：n ＝ 1 ＋ΔL ／ L ＝ 1 ＋Δkλ ／ 2L三、实验仪器迈克尔逊干涉仪、HeNe 激光器、气室、气压表、真空泵等。

四、实验步骤1、仪器调节调节迈克尔逊干涉仪的底座螺钉，使仪器大致水平。

打开激光器，使激光束大致垂直入射到分光板 G1 上，并通过调节M1 和 M2 背后的螺钉，使反射回来的两束光在屏上重合，出现干涉条纹。

仔细调节 M1 和 M2 背后的螺钉，使干涉条纹为圆心在视场中心的同心圆环。

2、测量干涉条纹的变化记录初始时干涉条纹的位置和个数。

打开气室阀门，用真空泵缓慢抽出气室内的空气，观察干涉条纹的变化，记录条纹消失的个数。