词性转换60187
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词性转换总结与归纳总结词性转换是英语学习中的一个重要内容,它可以帮助我们拓展词汇量,丰富表达方式。
在这篇文章中,我将总结和归纳常见的词性转换规则,并给出一些示例,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些规则。
一、名词转动词名词转动词的常见方式有:加后缀、意义转换和词组转换。
1. 加后缀:- -ize、-ify:将名词转换为动词,并赋予“使……化”的含义。
例如:critic(评论家)→ criticize(批评)- -en:将名词转换为动词,并赋予“使……变得”的含义。
例如:deep(深度)→ deepen(加深)2. 意义转换:- 名词词义变动后,作为动词使用。
例如:experience(经验)→ experience(经历)3. 词组转换:- 名词+动词转换:名词作为动词使用。
例如:camera(相机)→ camera(拍照)二、动词转名词动词转名词的主要方式有:加后缀、意义转换和短语转换。
1. 加后缀:- -tion、-ation、-ment:将动词转换为名词,并赋予“……的行为、状态或结果”的含义。
例如:experience(经历)→ experience(经验)2. 意义转换:- 动词词义变动后,作为名词使用。
例如:swim(游泳)→ swim(游泳运动)3. 短语转换:- 动词+名词转换:动词作为名词使用。
例如:run(奔跑)→ run(竞选)三、形容词转副词形容词转副词的常见方式是:加后缀。
1. 加后缀:- -ly:将形容词转换为副词。
例如:quick(快速的)→ quickly(快速地)四、副词转形容词副词转形容词的方式主要是:移出后缀和意义转换。
1. 移出后缀:- 副词的-ly后缀去掉后,即变为形容词。
例如:beautifully(优美地)→ beautiful(美丽的)2. 意义转换:- 副词的词义变动后,作为形容词使用。
例如:fast(快速地)→ fast(快的)五、形容词转名词形容词转名词的方式主要是:加不定冠词或定冠词。
英语词性转换七⼤规则
英语词性转换包括:动词转化为名词;动词转化成名词-形容词;动词转化成形容词,副词,名词;名词转化为形容词;名词转化为名词复数;形容词转化为副词;形容词转化为副词,名词。
英语词性转换七⼤规则及例⼦
(1)动词转化为名词, post-postage mail-mail weigh-weight advise-advice
(2)动词转化成名词-形容词 act-actor / actress-active change-change-changeable
(3)动词转化成形容词,副词,名词 fill-full,need-necessary-necessarily interest(v. / n.) interested /interesting
(4)名词转化为形容词 person personal ( 个⼈的; 私⼈的 ) fun funny
(5)名词转化为名词复数 gentleman gentlemen human humans
(6)形容词转化为副词 possible possibly probable probably
(7)形容词转化为副词,名词 true truly truth lucky luckily luck。
英语词性转换归纳在英语学习中,词性转换是一个非常重要的知识点。
它不仅能够帮助我们更准确地理解单词的含义,还能让我们在写作和表达中更加灵活地运用词汇。
下面就来对英语中的词性转换进行一个归纳总结。
一、名词转换为动词很多名词都可以通过添加特定的后缀或改变词形来转换为动词。
例如,“hand”作为名词是“手”的意思,而“hand in”则是动词短语,表示“上交”。
“face”作为名词是“脸”,“face the problem”就是“面对问题”,此时“face”用作动词。
还有一些名词通过词形变化转换为动词,比如“water”,作名词是“水”,作动词表示“浇水”;“rain”,名词是“雨”,动词则是“下雨”。
二、动词转换为名词动词转换为名词的方式也多种多样。
常见的是在动词后加上“ion”“ment”“ance”“ence”等后缀。
例如,“decide”(决定)变成“decision”(决定);“develop”(发展)变成“development”(发展);“appear”(出现)变成“appearance”(出现;外表);“refer”(参考;提及)变成“reference”(参考;提及;参考书目)。
有的动词通过词形变化成为名词,比如“fly”(飞)变成“flight”(飞行;航班);“choose”(选择)变成“choice”(选择)。
三、形容词转换为动词形容词转换为动词相对较少,但也有一些常见的例子。
比如,“empty”,作形容词是“空的”,用作动词表示“使……空”。
“slow”作形容词是“慢的”,“slow down”则是“(使)减速”。
四、形容词转换为名词形容词转换为名词的情况比较常见。
可以在形容词后加上“ness”“ity”“th”等后缀。
例如,“happy”(快乐的)变成“happiness”(快乐);“able”(能够的)变成“ability”(能力);“wide”(宽的)变成“width”(宽度);“long”(长的)变成“length”(长度)。
词性转换choose (v) –choice (n)agree (v) –agreement (n)locate (v) –location (n)move (v) –movement (n)swim (v) –swimming (n) –swimmer (n)certain (adj) –certainly (adv)change(v)–changeable(adj)–exchange(v)changing roomwonder (v,n) –wonderful (adj) –wonderfully (adv)strong (adj) –strength (n)wood (n) –wooden (adj)shop (n) –shopping (n)tradition (n) –traditional (v)die (v) –death (n) –dying (adj) –dead (adj) –deadly (adj) luck(n)–lucky(adj)–unlucky(adj)–luckily(adv)–unluckily honour (n,vt) –honourable (adj)host (n,vt) –hostessfit (v) –fitting room –fitness clubimportant (adj) –importance (n)condition (n) –air conditionerquiet (adj) –quietly (adv)clean (v) –cleaning (n) –cleaner (n)health (n) –(un)healthy (adj)nation (n)–national (adj)–international (adj)–nationality decorate (v) –decoration (n)see (v) –sight (n) –sightseeing (n)celebrate (v) –celebration (n)invite (v) –invitation (n) –inviting (adj)young (adj) –youth (n) –youngster (n)rise (vi) –raise (vt)develop(v)—development(n)—developing/developed(adj)rich (adj) –enrich (vt)smile (v) –smiling (adj)clear (adj,v) –clearly (adv)happy (adj) –unhappy (adj) –happily (adv)保持句意U2L1I missed the football match between ManUtd and Arsenallast night. What a shame! (What a pity!)It’s a shame (It’s a pity) that I missed the football match between ManUtd and Arsenal.People usually call on their relatives during the holidays.People usually visit their relatives during the holidays.I often visit the Science Museum at weekends.I often pay a visit to the Science Museum at weekends.The flag is rising over the playground.We are raising flags in the playground.Peter stood up from the chair and answered the question. Peter rose from the chair and answered the question.U2L2She is talking with her friend at the moment.She is talking to her friend now.She is chatting with her friend now.We make and eat dumplings to honour poet Qu Yuan.We make and eat dumplings in honour of poet Qu Yuan. A: When is Double Seventh Festival?B: It’s on July 7 of the Chinese Lunar Year.It falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. We e-mail each other to say “Happy New Y ear”.We send e-mails to each other to say “Happy New Year”.U2L3I’ll be right back after a few minutes.I’ll come back a few minutes later.Jenny looks really nice in this blue dress.This blue dress looks very nice on her.I’ll let you have it at 10 percent off.I’ll give you a 10 percent discount.You can buy it at 10 percent off.You can take it at a 10 percent discount.My father goes to work by underground.My father takes an underground to work.重点usually surf the Internet twice a week.How often do you surf the Internet?Spring Festival Gala lasted 6 hours.How long did Spring Festival Gala last?I will stay in Germany for a few months.How long will you stay in Germany?It takes me one and a half hours to get to school.How long (how much time) does it take you to get to school? The post office is about 5 minutes’walk from here.How far is the post office from here?look at the blackboard=look at itlook for my wallet=look for itlook after kids=look after themget all the clothes together=get together all the clothes=get them togetherwrite out the names of the books=write them out=write the names of the books outcut down trees=cut trees down=cut them downtry on this pair of trousers=try this pair of trousers on=try it on put on your coat=put your coat on=put it onhang your hat on the hook=hang on your hat on the hook=hang it on the hookbring us children presents=bring presents to us childrengive me your money=give your money to mesend me text messages=send text messages to melend us your books=lend your books to ustell her the truth=tell the truth to herbuy me a meal=buy a meal for memake me a cake=make a cake for medraw me a picture=draw a picture for meget me some bread=get some bread for me。
初中英语词性转换归纳汇总1、动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾achieve —— achievement 成就advertise —— advertisement 广告agree —— agreement 同意amuse——amusement 娱乐commit ——commitment 奉献develop —— development 发展disagree —— disagreement 不赞同equip 装备——equipment 装备,器材govern 统治——government 政府manage——management 经营,管理argue ——argument 争吵2.V+ ion 结尾attract ——attraction 吸引discuss —— discussion 讨论express ——-expression 词语;表达instruct ——instruction 指导,介绍invent——invention 发明predict ——prediction 预言impress —— impression 印象suggest ——suggestion 建议,暗示educate —— education 教育graduate ——graduation 毕业operate ——operation 操作,动手术illustrate —— illustration 阐明,举例说明pollute —— pollution 污染introduce ——introduction 介绍organize ——organization组织imagine —— imagination 想象力inspire——inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心的invite —— invitation 邀请compete —— competition 竞争,比赛pronounce ——pronunciation发音admit ——admission 承认permit —— permission 允许conclude —— conclusion 结论decide —— decision 决定describe —— description描写,描绘resolve —— resolution 决心solve ——solution 解决方法3.V+ ance 结尾allow —— allowance 允许appear —— appearance 外貌,出现perform —— performance 演出exist —— existance 存在4.V+ ing 结尾end —— ending 结尾,结局train ——training训练mean —— meaning 意义say—— saying 谚语remind —— reminding提醒bathe ——bathing沐浴5.词尾加-er或-or后变成表示“某一类人”的名词work——worker 工人teach——teacher老师sing——singer 歌手jump——jumper跳高运动员play——player表演者、运动员learn——learner 学习者visit——visitor访问者invent——inventor发明家6.V+ 其他beg——beggar 乞丐sit——seat 座位believe —— belief 信仰behave —— behavior 行为know—— knowledge 知识fly—— flight 飞行mix —— mixture 混合物press —— pressure 压力serve —— service 服务succeed ——success 成功pursue —— pursuit 追求,从事propose —— proposal 建议withdraw —— withdrawal 取钱;收回;撤退survive —— survival--survivor 幸存者arrive —— arrival到达analyze —— analysis 分析2形容词变名词1.词尾ent改为ency或enceefficient有效率的——efficiency 效率patient——patience/impatience 耐性/无耐心dependent——dependence依赖性independent——independency 独立性urgent——urgency 紧急2.ble结尾,ble改为bility possible——possibility 可能responsible——responsibility 责任;职责3.其他accurate——accuracy 准确性prosperous——prosperity 繁荣true——truth 真相wide——width 宽度long——length 长度high——height 高度名词/动词变形容词1.名词+yhonest —— honesty 诚实的guilt 罪恶——guilty 内疚的health——healthy 健康的luck——lucky 幸运的cloud——cloudy 多云的wind—windy 多风的rain——rainy 多雨的snow——snowy 多雪的tourist —— touristy 游客多的er结尾,改er为ryhunger——hungry 饥饿的anger —— angry 生气的fog—— foggy 有雾的sun—— sunny 阳关灿烂的fur—— furry 毛皮的shine——shiny 发亮的taste —— tasty 美味的2. 名词/动词+ ed以辅音+辅音结尾的单词,直接加edtalent —— talented 有天赋的offend ——offended 生气的crowd ——crowded 拥挤的以元音字母e结尾的单词直接加dbalance —— balanced 平衡的organize——organized 有组织的pollute ——polluted 被污染的please ——pleased 高兴的元音加辅音结尾的单词,词尾辅音双写再加edspot —— spotted 有斑点的3.名词+ ful/lesscare —— careful/ careless 小心的/ 粗心的help—— helpful / helpless 有帮助的/ 无助的use—— useful/ useless有用的 / 无用的meaning —— meaningful / meaningless有意义的/无意义的colour—— colourful /colourless多彩的/无色的pain 疼痛——painful /painless痛苦的/ 不痛的thank—— thankful / thankless 充满感激的/ 不知感恩的peace 和平—— peaceful 和平的play游戏—— playful 爱玩耍的home —— homeless 无家可归的4.名词/动词+ ablechange —— changeable 易变的adjust——adjustable 可调整的comfort——comfortable 舒适的knowledge——knowledgeable 知识渊博的suit ——suitable 合适的动词以辅音加y结尾把y变i 加able ,deny—— deniable 可否认的rely—— reliable 可靠的5.名词+ ouscourage——courageous 勇敢的danger—— dangerous 危险的以y结尾,改y为i再加ousmystery 神秘—— mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变 tconfidence—— confident 自信的difference——different 不同的dependence —— dependent 依赖他人的independence—— independent 独立的7.词尾加 aladdition—— additional 附加的,额外的music—— musical 音乐的person——personal (私人的)nation—— national 国家的education——educational有教育意义的tradition—— traditional 传统的origin起源——original 新颖的;独创的以元音字母结尾的单词,去掉词尾元音加al nature——natural 自然的globe—— global 全球的特例:class—— classical 经典的medicine 药——medical 医学的grammar—— grammatical 语法的8.名词+ lyfriend—— friendly 友好的live——lively 活跃的,有生气的love——lovely 可爱的week——weekly 每周的man——manly 男子气概的;强壮的9.词尾+ enwood—— wooden 木制的wool—— woolen 羊毛的10. 表示方位的词East——easternWest——western South——southern North——northern11.四大洲Asia 亚洲—— AsianAfrica 非洲——AfricanEurope欧洲—— EuropeanAmerica 美洲——American12. 其他energy精力——energetic 精力充沛的strategy——strategic 战略的scientist——scientific 科学的fool 傻子——foolish 愚蠢的love——loving 慈爱的pleasure——pleasant令人愉快的 / pleased高兴的pride——proud 自豪的3形容词变动词1.词尾加izemodern——modernize 使...现代化social——socialize 使...社会化2.词尾加enfast——fasten 使固定;集中于short—— shorten 缩短wide——widen 放宽less——lessen 使...减少特例(有变形):long——lengthen 使延长strong ——strengthen 加强;巩固3.词前加enlarge —— enlarge 扩大;放大4形容词变副词1.形容词+ lybad——badly 坏地bright——brightly 明亮地casual——casually 随意地clear——clearly 清楚地complete——completely 完全correct——correctly 正确地final——finally 最后fortunate——fortunately幸运地general——generally 一般来讲loud——loudly 大声地particular ——particularly特别地polite——politely 礼貌地proper ——properly适当地main——mainly 主要地most ——mostly 多半,大多数normal——normally 正常地quick——quickly 迅速地quiet——quietly 轻轻地,安静地real——really 真正地recent ——recently 最近;近来sad——sadly 悲哀地slow——slowly 缓慢地special——specially 专门,特殊地specific——specifically 特定地,明确地strong——strongly 坚决地,强烈地sudden——suddenly突然usual——usually 通常2. 以le 结尾的,去e + y comfortable——comfortably 舒服地gentle——gently 温柔地possible——possibly 可能地simple——simply 仅仅;只;简单地terrible——terribly 非常;极度地3. 辅音字母+ y 变y为 ily easy——easily 容易地heavy——heavily 沉重地happy——happily 快乐地4.特殊good——well好地true——truly 真实地。
英语单词词性转换的基本规律.动词(v.)→名词(n.)(a)词形不变,词性改变例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer,jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等. 注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.例如:drive—driver, write—writer等.2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er例如:run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner 等.(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieve—achievement (成就)advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告)agree—agreement disgree—disagreement amuse—amusement (娱乐) improve—improvement(争吵)commit(奉献)—commitment develop—development (发展)depart—department (局,部) govern(统治)—government(政府)manage—management (管理) equip—equipment (装备)有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment.例如:argue—argument(争论)(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction;invent—invention discuss—discussion;express—expression educate—education;graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion") compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion")decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改为s再加"ion")describe—description描写,描绘(这是特例,不规则变化) (e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现)perform—performance (演出)accept—acceptance (接受)(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waitingbathe—bathing say—saying(谚语) mean —meaningend —ending train —training wash—washing注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行为举止)—behaviorknow(知道)—knowledge(知识) fly—flight (飞行)heat (加热)—heat(热量) hit (撞击)—hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) press(按,压)—pressure(压力)sit(坐)—seat (座位) succeed—success(成功)tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)2.动词(v.)→形容词(adj.)(a)动词后面加able,以e结尾的动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.例如: afford-affordable;love-lovable(b)动词后面加ed,以e结尾的动词则直接加d,表示被动性的属性或特点.例如: scatter-scattered use-used(c)不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b).3.名词(n.)→形容词(adj.)(a)在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)例如: rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty(内疚的)tourist—touristy(游客多的) , salt (盐)—salty (咸的)silk(丝绸)—silky(丝绸般的), sleep—sleepy (昏昏欲睡的)注意:1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy(有雾的), fur—furry(毛皮的)2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e 再加"-y".如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny(发亮的), taste(口味)—tasty(甜的)(b)名词后面加-ed,以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot(斑点)—spotted(有斑点的); talent—talented (有天赋的)organize—organized 有组织的; balance—balanced(平衡的)(c)一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, meaning—meaningful(d)在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:care—careless(粗心的), use—useless(无用的)hope—hopeless(没希望的),home—homeless(无家可归的) (e)一些以-ce结尾的名词,把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: difference—different, silence—silent, confidence—confident(f).在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friend—friendly, love—lovely, live---lively(g).在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: danger—dangerous(h)名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: music—musical; medicine—medical (这个比较特殊) (i)名词后面加-able变为形容词,如果以e结尾就去e再加"-able".例如: adjust—adjustable 可调整的value—valuable有价值的(j)名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的(k)一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍,语言的形容词例如:China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English,America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)4..形容词(adj.)→副词(adv.)▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词例如: quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等但是,以下几点值得注意:(a) 一些以"辅音字母+y"结尾的形容词,要把y改为i再加-ly 例如: happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily(b) 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉e加-y例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly(c)少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly例如: true—truly但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly 例如: polite—politely, wide—widely(d)以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y.例如: usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefullyfull—fully (以-ll结尾的才只加y)OK,以上就是英语单词词性变化的一般规律,希望对大家有所帮助PS:有些同学可能对元音辅音以及重读闭音节不是很了解,那我在这里再做下补充说明.1.英语26个字母中,a e i o u是元音字母, y是半元音字母, 其余都是辅音字母.★所谓半元音就是有时候做元音,有时候做辅音.半元音字母y做元音有: shy,sky做辅音比如最简单的:yes2.开音节和闭音节开音节分两种:绝对开音节和相对开音节绝对开音节指的是"元音字母结尾"的音节(例如we, hi等) 相对开音节是指"辅音字母-元音字母-辅音字母-不发音的e"的音节,(r除外). ( 例如,take,make等)比如:take (在这个单词中,t是辅音,a是元音,k是辅音,e是不发音的元音)◆在开音节中, 元音字母发他们在字母表中的音闭音节, 则是指"辅音字母-元音字母-辅音字母"的音节( -al 等除外) (例如:leg,cross等)◆在闭音节中,元音字母发不同的音a e i o u例sat let sit not nut (试着读下这些单词,这些单词中,元音发的音都不是它们在字母表中发的音)2.英语重读闭音节就是以辅音因素结尾的,而且是重读音节的音节.比如apple 划音节就因该是ap/ple 前面那个ap是一个音节,这个音节以辅音因素p结尾,所以就是闭音节.(仅仅能看出是闭音节,是不是重读闭音节还要看这个音节是不是重读的) 重读闭音节三要素:1. 必须是重读音节;2. 最后只有一个辅音字母;3.元音字母发短元音( 说通俗点,打个比方, /u/是短元音,/u:/是长元音)重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.如:sit---sitting begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上)●像travel这个单词,"vel"也是"辅音+元音+辅音"的结构,但是重音不在vel这个音节上,所以不用双写"l",可以为travelled,也可以是traveled,更常用的是后者.英语单词词根词缀和词性转换英语中常见的后缀一、名词性后缀1,-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称percentage百分数,百分率,voltage电压,伏特数,lavage灌洗,洗,出法,gavage管词法,curettage刮除法,shortage不足,缺少。
1高中英语写作词汇词性转换第一组:1. ability (n. )能力;才能---able (a.)---unable (a..) —disability (n. ) —disabled (a.)be able to do…= be capable of doing2. absence (n. ) 缺席;不在--- absent (a.) ---present (a..) –presence (n.) be a bsent from; be present at3. absolute (a.) 绝对的;完全的---absolutely (adv.)4. abundant (a.) 丰富的;充裕的---abundance (n.) be abundant in5. academic (a.) 学院的,理论的(n.) 大学教师--- academy (n.) 学院6. accept (v.) 接受---acceptable (a.)可接受的- –refuse (opp.) 拒绝7. access (n.) 通路,入门;(v.)接近;存取---accessible (a.)have access to(to为介词)可以使用;可以接触8. accurate (a.) 正确的,精确的--- accuracy (n.) –accurately (adv.)-- (opp.)inaccurate 不准确9. achieve (v.) 取得,达到--- achievement (n.)10. acquire (v.) 获得,学到--- acquisition (n.)11. act (n. ) 法令,条例;(v.)表演;行动---action (n.) –active (a.) 主动的—inactive (a.) —actively (adv.) —activity (n. ) 活动--passive (a.) 被动的---actor (n.) –actress (n.)12. actual (a.) 实际的;现实的–actually (adv.) = as a matter of fact13. adapt (v.) 使适应;改编---adaptation (n.) 适应,顺应;改编,改编本---adaptable (a.) 有适应能力的adapt oneself to 适应于; adapt…(for sth.) from sth. 改编14. add (v.) 添加,增加;补充说- --addition (n.) ---additional (a.) –additionally (adv.)add…to 将…(添)加到…add to 增加,加强add up加起来add up to共计达in addition (to) 另外,除此之外15. addict (n.) 成瘾的人---addicted (a.) –addition (n.) ---addictive (a.) 使成瘾的;上瘾的;易令人沉溺的be addicted to (to为介词)对…上瘾16. adjust (v.) 调整,使适应---adjustment (n.) --- adjustable (a.)17. admire (v.) 钦佩,羡慕---admiration (n.) --- admirable (a.)18. admit (v.) 承认,准许( admitted, admitted) --- admission (n.)19. adopt (v.) 收养,采用---adoption (n.) --- adopted (a.)20. advance (v.) 推进,促进;前进(n.)前进,提升—advanced (a.) 先进的;高等的21. advantage (n.) 有点;好处---disadvantage (n.)take advantage of利用;欺骗,占…的便宜22. adventure (n.) 冒险,奇遇--- adventurous (a.)23. advertise (v.) 为…做广告---advertisement (n.)24. advise (v.) 建议,劝告----adviser (n.) 顾问,忠告者--- advice (n.) a piece of advice25. affect (v.) 影响--- affection (n.) 影响,感情= have an effect on26. Africa (n.) 非洲--- African (a.) (n.)27. age (n.) 年纪--- aged (a.)老年的—elderly (a.)28. agree (v.) 同意--- agreement (n.) --- disagree (opp)—disagreement (n.)29. agriculture (n.) 农业–agricultural (a.)30. allow (v.) 准许,允许---allowance (n.) 允许;紧贴,补助31. amaze (v.) 惊奇,震惊--- amazement (n.) ---amazed (a.) –amazed (a.)to one’s amazement32. ambition (n.) 抱负,雄心---ambitious (a.)33. amuse (v.) 使…快乐--- amusement (n.) –amused (a.) --- amusing (a.)to one’s amusement34. analyze (v.) 分析--- analysis (n.)35. anger (n.) 愤怒--- angry (a.)36. announce (v.) 宣布, 宣告--- announcement (n.) --- announcer (n.)37. annoy (v.) 使烦恼–annoyed (a.) --- annoying (a.) --- annoyance (n.) to one ’s annoyance38. annual (a. ) 一年一次的,每年的(n.)年刊--- annually (a.)39. anxious (a.) 忧虑的,焦急的--- anxiety (n.)40. apologize (v.) 道歉--- apology (n.)apologize to sb. for sth.; make an apology to sb. for sth.因…事向某人道歉41. appear (v.) 出现---appearance (n.)外貌,外观;出现,露面42. apply (v.) 申请, 应用--- application (n.) 申请表--- applicant (n.) 申请人--- applied (a.) 应用的43. appoint (v.) 约定,任命–appointment (n.) -----make an appointment 约会44. appreciate (v.) 欣赏,感激--- appreciation (n.)45. approve (v.) 批准,同意--- approval (n.) approve of…赞成(opp.) disapprove (v.) 不赞成disapprove of…46. argue (v.) 争辩,辩论—argument (n.)47. arrange (v.) 安排--- arrangement (n.)48. arrive (v.) 到达–arrival (n.)49. Asia (n.) 亚洲---Asian (a.) (n.)50. assess (v.) 评价,估价--- assessment (n.)51. assist (v.) 帮助,协助--- assistance (n.) 帮助,援助---assistant (n.) 助手,助理52. associate (v.) 联系,交往--- association (n.) --- associated (a.)53. assume (v.) 假定,采取--- assumption (n.)54. astonish (v.) 使惊讶--- astonished (a.) --- astonishing (a.) –astonishment (n.)55. astronaut (n.) 宇航员--- astronomy (n.) 天文学--- astronomer (天文学家)56. athlete (n.) 运动员--- athletic (a.) 运动员的;运动的;体格健壮的;行动敏捷的57. attend (v.)参加,照料-- attendance (n.)出席,参加- -attender (n.) 出席者;参加者58. attention (n) 注意,专心--- attentive (a) –attentively (ad v.)59. attract (v.) 吸引–attraction (n.) --- attractive (a.)60. aware (a.) 知道的,明白的--- awareness (n.) be aware of61.61. bacterium (n.) 细菌---(pl. ) bacteria62. bad (a.) 坏的--- badly (adv. ) (worse, worst) --- good (a.) –well (a.) (adv.) (better, best)63. base (n.) 基地,根据地(v.) 以…为基地-- basic (a.) --- basically 大体上64. basis (n.) 基础,要素--- (pl.) bases65. bath (n.) 洗澡,浴室—bathe (v.) –bathroom (n.) --- bathtub (n.) 澡盆66. bear (v.) 忍受(bore, borne)--- bearable (a.) 可忍受的--- unbearable (opp.) 不可忍受的67. beat (v.) 敲打,跳动,打赢(beat, beaten)68. beautiful (a.) 美丽的--- beauty (n. ) --- beautify (v.)69. behave (v.) 行为,守规矩--- behavior (n.)70. belief (n) 信条,信念---(pl.)beliefs-- believe (v.) --- believable (a.) ---(opp.) unbelievab le71. begin (v.) 开始,着手(began, begun)--- beginning (n.)第二组:72. bend v. 使弯曲(bent, bent)be bent on doing 一心想,决心要做…73. benefit n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于--- beneficial adj.有益的, 受益的benefit from…从…中受益;be beneficial to对…有益74. bitter adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的---–unpleasant adj不愉快的;讨厌的75. boring adj. 无聊的,乏味的(修饰物)—---bored adj.无聊的, 无趣的, 烦人的(用于人)76. botany n.植物学-------botanical adj.植物学的77. brave adj.勇敢的---bravery n.勇敢------coward n.懦弱的人, 胆小的人78. boycott n./vt. 联合抵制, 排斥79. breath n. 呼吸, 气息-----breathe v.呼吸, 发出----breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的80. bring vt. 拿来, 带来---brought(分去式)---brought(过去分词)81. bury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏---buried(过去式或过去分词) be buried in sth 埋头做某事82. business n.商业, 买卖, 交易, 生意---businessman ----businesswoman83. calculate v.计算, 考虑, 计划, 打算----calculation n.计算, 考虑----calculator n.计算机, 计算器84. calm adj.(天气、海洋等)静的, 平静的, 镇静的, 沉着的v. (使)平静, (使)镇定, 平息calmness n.平静, 冷静, 镇静85. care n.注意, 照料, vi.关心, 顾虑, 照顾, 喜爱vt.在意----careful(a.) ----careless (a.)86. catch v.捕获, 赶上(车船等), 发觉, 感染(疾病)---(caught, caught)87. caution n.小心, 谨慎, 警告vt.警告----cautious adj. 小心的,谨慎的88. celebration n.庆祝, 庆典-----celebrate v.庆祝89. certain adj.确定的, 某一个----certainly adv. -----certainty n. -----uncertainty n.无常, 不确定90. challenge n.挑战vt.向...挑战----challenging adj.具有挑战性的91. change n.改变, 变化, 找回的零钱vt.改变, 变革----changeable adj.可改变的92. character n. 人物,特点,性格,品质----characteristic n. 特性,特征93. chemical adj.化学的n.化学制品, 化学药品----chemist n.化学家, 药剂师-chemistry n.化学94. choice n.选择, 抉择, 精选品----choose v.选择, 选定(chose, chosen)95. cloth n.布, 织物, 衣料------clothes n.衣服, [总称]被褥, 各种衣服----clothing n.(总称)衣服96. collect vt. 收集----collection n. 收藏, 征收, 搜集品, 捐款----collective adj.集体的n.集体97. comfort n.安慰, 舒适vt.安慰----comfortable adj.舒适的98. communicate v.沟通, 交流,传达-----communication n.99. compete vi.比赛, 竞争----competition n.竞争, 竞赛----competitor n.竞争者---competitive adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的;(指人)好竞争的100. conclude v.作出结论vt.推断-----conclusion n. 结论101. confident adj.自信的, 确信的----confidence n.信心----confidently adv.信赖地, 安心地102. conduct n.行为, 操行v. 组织, 实施,管理-----conductor n. (乐队)指挥第三组:1. crazy adj.疯狂的----craze n.狂热,疯狂;风行一时的东西;be crazy about 对…疯狂/着迷;like crazy拼命地;发疯似地2.create vt.创造,产生(syn.)----produce creative adj - -creation n. 创造,创建----creativity n.创造力----creator n.创造者;创作者----create jobs/opportunities/ a good image/ wealth3. crime n.罪犯----criminal n.罪犯----commit a crime 犯罪4. cross vt.穿过----crossing n.十字路口----crossroads n.交叉路口----at the crossroads5. crowd n. 人群vt. 拥挤----crowded adj. 拥挤的----crowdedness n.adj. 残忍的,残酷的---be cruel to sb ----cruelly n. 残忍7. culture n.文化---cultural adj. ----cultural difference (shock) 文化差异;文化冲击-----multi-culture 多元文化8. cure n&v. 治疗;医好---a cure for cancer ----cure sb of one’s disease/one’s habit 9. curious adj. 好奇的;奇异的(about/to do sth)--curiosity n.好奇心;求知欲satisfy one’s curiosity 满足好奇心-----out of curiosity 出于好奇10. cycle vi骑自行车;循环----recycle v.再循环,回收再用----cyclist n.骑自行车的人11.damage n&vt 毁坏,损害-----do /cause damage to (the earth) 对...造成损害12 danger n.危险dangerous adj. 危险的endanger vt 使……濒临危险----endangered animals 濒危动物be in danger/be at risk 处于危险中13. dead. adj. 死的the dead/living ----death n. 死亡----cause many deaths and injuries造成很多伤亡deadly adj.致命的die v. 死亡dying adj. 垂死的,渴望的be dying for sth./to do sth14. decide n.决定decisive adj. 决定性的decision n. make a decision15. declare vt.声明;断言--- declaration n. declare war on Japan 像日本宣战16. decorate vt.装饰,修饰---- decoration n. be decorated with17. decline n&v.下降,婉拒I offered to give them a lift but they declined .18. 18. decrease/increase n&v. 减少/增加--- increase/decrease to/by 20%19. defend vt. 防守,保卫---defense in defense of 为保护某人为……辩护20. deliberate adj. deliberately adv.故意地---on purpose21. delight n 快乐;乐事delighted adj. be delighted with/by/at sb/sthtake delight in 喜欢,以……为乐delight sb 使某人高兴to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是22. deliver vt.投递,接生,发表讲话deliver parcels/ a baby/ a speech delivery n.23.depend vi依赖;依靠depend on sb dependent adj. 依赖的be dependent on sb independent adj.独立的be independent from/of sb independence n.独立24. deep adj/adv. 深的--deeply adj.深深的-- depth n.深度-- deepen v.加深far/deep into the night深夜be deeply moved/touched/affected ---Still water runs deep.静水流深/大智若愚25. describe vt.描述,描写description n. give a description of sth26. design vt.设计n.图案,图样designer 设计师be designed to 设计的目的是,计划是27. desperate adj.不顾一切的;绝望的---be desperate for/to do sth 极渴望--- desperation n.绝望28.destroy vt.破坏,毁坏-- destroyed buildings 被毁的建筑物destruction n.30. hard adj.硬的, 坚固的adv.努力地, 辛苦地-----hardship n. 困苦, 艰难, 辛苦31. harm vt.伤害, 损害n.伤害, 损害-----harmful adj. (be harmful to)32. harmony n. 和谐,协调, 融洽live in harmony with与…和谐共处----harmonious adj. 和谐的, 协调的, 和睦的33. hate vt.憎恨, 恨, 不愿, 不喜欢n.憎恶, 憎恨-------hateful adj.可恨的, 讨厌的, 可恶的34. health n. 健康,卫生-----(in good health)-----healthy adj.35. high adj.高的-----height n. 高度----highly adv. 高度地36. help n.帮忙vt.帮助, 助长------helpful adj. ---helpfully adv. ---helpless adj.无助的, 无能的, 没用的37. hesitate v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿----hesitation n.犹豫, 踌躇---without hesitation毫不犹豫38. hide vt.隐藏, 掩藏, 隐瞒, 掩饰-----(hid---hidden)39. hire vt. 租用,租; 雇用,雇(hired, hiring) hire out 出租-----rent (v.)租, 租借, 出租n.租金Why don't you hire out your spare room to other people, and earn s ome money你为什么不把空闲的房间租给别人来赚些钱40. hit n.打击, 打, 碰撞; vt.打, 打击, 碰撞, 击中, 袭击(hit, hit) ----strike v.41. honest adj.诚实的, 正直的----honesty n.诚实, 正直----dishonest adj.不诚实的42. hope n.希望, 信心v.希望, 盼望(hoped, hoping) ----hopeful adj.怀有希望的, 有希望的hopeless adj.没有希望的, 绝望的, 不可救药---with the hope of怀着…希望43. horrible adj.可怕的, 恐怖的, 讨厌的----horror n. -----horribly adv.可怕地, 非常地44. humorous adj.富幽默感的, 滑稽的, 诙谐的----humor n. 幽默, 心情, 诙谐---humorously adv.45. hunger n.饥饿, 欲望, 渴望v.饥饿----hungry adj. -----a hunger for kindness 渴望得到恩惠(hunger 作名词) ------hunger for friends 极想有朋友(hunger作动词)46. hunt (hunt, hunt) v.打猎, 搜寻n.打猎, 搜寻47. identity n. 身份,特性----identification n. 身份证明,识别----identify vt.识别, 鉴别, 把... 和...看成一样48. imagine vt.想象, 设想----imagination n.想象, 空想, 想象的事物, 想象力----imaginative adj.想象的, 虚构的49. impossible adj.不可能的---possible adj.可能的----possibility n.可能性, 可能发生的事物50. impress vt. 印, 盖印, 留下印象----impression n. 印象, 感想-----make an impression on sb impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的,感人的;引人注目的51. improve v.改善, 改进-----improvement n. 改进, 进步----make an improvement改进52. independent adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的-----independence n.独立, 自主----dependent adj. 依靠的, 依赖的----dependence n.依靠, 依赖, 信任, 信赖53. injure vt.损害, 伤害-----injury n.伤害, 侮辱injured adj. 受伤的;受损害的54. innocent adj.清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的-----innocence n.清白55. inspect vt.检查, 视察----inspection n.检查, 视察56. insure vt.给...保险----insurance n.保险, 保险单, 保险业, 保险费57. intelligence n.智力, 聪明, 智能-----intelligent adj.聪明的, 伶俐的, 有才智的58. invent vt.发明, 创造----invention n. inventor n.59. invite vt.邀请, 引起----invitation n. -----accept [decline] an invitation 接受[拒绝]邀请at the invitation of sb. 应某人邀请60. judge n.法官, 审判员, 裁判员vt.审理, 鉴定, 判断----judgment n.审判, 判决, 判断力61. just adj.正义的, 公正的------justice n.正义, 正当, 公平(adv. 正好, 仅仅, 刚才)62. kind n.种类, 性质adj.仁慈的, 和蔼的, 亲切的, 友爱的-----kindness-----kindly adv.温和地, 亲切地第五组:1. last adj 最后的反义词first(无比较级和最高级)the last man to arrive;刚过去的in the last few years; 最不可能的He is the last man to tell a lie. ----lastly 最后(一点)lasting adj 持久的,永恒的 a lasting interest in art2. late (a.) 迟的,晚的反义词early ----be late for school 靠后一点的in one’s late fifties2 days later (单独使用)后来,以后sooner or later 迟早----最高级latest: 最晚, 最新的,最近的the latest news from the front -----lately adv: 近来,最近3. laugh v. 笑,大笑----n.笑声have a good laugh over sth 对……大笑了一番----n. laughter burst into laughter 爆发出笑声4. law n. 法律;规律obey/break the law 定律----lawyer n. 律师lawful adj =legal 合法的,法定的----illegal adj.不合法的5. lay-laid-laid 摆;搁;放lay the table;lay down6. lazy adj. 懒的,偷懒的;令人懒洋洋的----a lazy afternoon; 缓慢的----a lazy river----lazily adv. ----laziness n. U7. lie―lay―lain v. 平躺,卧;位于;躺下;在于;lie-lied-lied说谎n 谎言,假话――tell a lie lay-laid-laid 放置,下蛋8. light n. 光;光线;日光,白昼in (the) light of按照,根据,考虑到throw light on阐明,lighten vt. 减轻负担;使愉快;照亮,弄亮;使明亮9. likely adj 很可能的,可期待的It is likely that she’ll win the match.sb. be likely to do某人很可能会做…. adv.或许, 很可能(多用于most, very 之后)10. live adj. 活的 a live animal; 生动的, 精力充沛的, 实况转播的, 点燃的lively adj.活泼的, 活跃的, 栩栩如生的, 真实的living adj.活的, 逼真的, 现存的11. long adj. 长的, 长期的--vi.渴望, 热望long for…/ long to do ---adv.长期地, 始终length n.长度, 长, 时间的长短----lengthen v.延长, (使)变长----lengthened adj. 加长的12. luck n.运气,命运;好运;幸运; 吉祥物lucky adj幸运的,好运的---- luckily adv. 幸运地;幸好----unluckily 不幸地;倒霉地13. magic n.[U]魔法,巫术;魔术,戏法;神奇的力量,魔力,魅力adj.巫术的;魔术的;有魔力的,不可思议的---magician n. 魔术师,变戏法的人;术士,巫师14. major n.<美>主修课; adj.主修的, 主要的major in…vi.主修…----majority n.多数, 大半15. manage vi.处理, 应付过去----manager n.经理, 管理人员, 管理器----management n.经营, 管理, 处理, 操纵16. marry vt娶, 嫁, 和...结婚――marriage n.结婚,婚姻married adj.已婚的, 婚姻的 a newly married couple一对新婚夫妇adj.低劣的, 卑鄙的, , 吝啬的---be meant to do应做;照道理,照规矩应该做;注定要You don't mean to say so! 你不是这个意思吧! 真的吗mean much [a great deal] to sb. 对某人很重要; 对某人很可贵meaning n. 意义, 含意, 意图----meaningful adj.意味深长的----meaningless adj无意义的18. medical adj.医学的, 内科的, (医)药的――medical care---medicine n 药, 医学, 内科学19. memory n.记忆, 记忆力, 回忆, 存储(器),内存――in memory of纪念…-----memorize vt.20. mistake n.错误, 过失v弄错, 误解, 把...误认为----mistaken adj.犯错的, 错误的21. mobile adj.可移动的, 易变的, 机动的--mobile library 流动图书馆mobile phone 手提电话,手机-----mobility n活动性, 灵活性, 迁移率, 机动性n. 动机motivate vt激发motivated adj 有根据的, 有动机的,由...推动的23. move .v移动, 搬家--movement n 运动, 动作----moving / moved adj24. music n 音乐, 乐曲――musical adj音乐的, 悦耳的;n.音乐喜剧――musician n 音乐家n.自然, 自然界, 大自然, 自然状态, 本性, 天性in nature 性质上; 实际上, 事实上----natural adj.自然的, 自然界的; 天生的, 天赋的--naturally adv自然地;天生地;不用人工地26. necessary a.必要的, 必需的, 必然unnecessary adj. ----necessarily adv.必要地----necessity n.必要性, 需要,必需品27. negotiate v. (与某人)商议, 谈判, 磋商, ,买卖, 通过--negotiation n.[常用复]谈判, 磋商;准备, 安排--carry on negotiation with sb. 与某人进行谈判28. occupy vt.占, 占用, 占领, 占据----be occupied in 正在(做某事) occupy oneself with 从事于..., 忙于..., 专心于... ---occupy oneself in 从事于..., 忙于..., 专心于-----occupation n.职业, 占有, 占有(房屋等)29. own adj.自己的, 特有的, ---on one’s own.独自-----vt拥有, 自认, 承认---owner n.所有者, 业主----ownership n.所有权, 物主身份第六组:1.paint(油漆) n././ n..---painting n.2.participate(参加) n.3.particular(尤其) adv. be particular about 对..很挑剔4.patience(耐心)n. ---patient n/adj. —patiently /adv 5.peace (和平)/ /adj.6.perform(表演)v. ---performer n. ---performance n7.permit(允许)v. ---permit n.许可,许可证---permission8. person个人)n. --- personal adj. ----personally adv ---person ality个性,人品9 .persuade(说服)v ----persuasive adj10. phenomenon (现象)----phenomena(复数)11. physics n.物理---physicist n.物理学家---physician n.医生---physical 自然(界)的;身体的;物质的;自然规律的12. pleasant(高兴的)adj. ---please vt.& vi. 使高兴;使满意;讨人喜欢----pleased adj ---pleasing adj ---plea sure n.13. poison(毒品) n. ----poisonous adj.14. politics(政治)n ----political adj ---politician n. 政治家;政客15. pollute(污染)v. ---pollution n.16. possess(拥有)v. ----possession n.17. possible (可能的)adj ----possibly adv ----possibility n.18. practice(实践)n. -----practice v. ----practical adj(更喜欢)v. ------preference n.20. present(礼物/出席)n./v. ----presentation n. 陈述;报告;介绍;赠送21. probable(可能的)adj ----probably adj22. pronounce(发音)v. ----pronunciation n.23. protect(保护)v ---protection n.24. punish (惩罚)v----punishment n.25.real(真正的)adj ---really adv ---reality n. 现实,现实性;真实情况26. receive (接收)v. ----receiver n.接受者,收款员;接收器---reception n.接待;欢迎;招待会at the reception desk/counter在接待处---receptionist n.接待员27.regular (有规律的)adj ---regularly adv. ---regulation n. 管理;规章;规则(regulations)28.relate(相关) v. —relation n. ---relationship n.29.retire (退休) v---retirement n.30. revolute (革命)/v ---revolution /n(信赖) adj(参考) v. ----reference n.33. religion (宗教) n. ---religious adj34. require (需求) v. ------requirement n.35. reserve v. 储备;保留;预约n.保存,储备,储存-----reservation n. make a reservaton (for…)预订(房间、桌子、航班…)36 resist(抵制)v ----resistance n.37. respond (回应/响应)v. ----responsible adj(责任)---responsibility n.38.review(复习/修订)v. ----revision n.第七组:n.& v.法规,规则,常规,统治; break one’s rule破例; make it a rule to do sth.养成做某事的习惯ruler n. 尺,统治者2. run --ran --run running;running water自来水;run across偶然遇到;run into撞(车),偶然遇到;run out(of)用完,耗尽3. rush v.& n急忙,冲促,催促,冲rush hour(上下班)交通拥挤时刻;rush for 冲向rush sb/sth to 使某人急速去4. sad adj. sadly adv. sadness n; 同义词unhappy, upset; 反义词happy5. safe adj 安全safely adv. safety n. safe n.保险箱,保险柜secure adj. security n.6. sale n.卖,出卖;销售额,销售sell vt for sale待售;on sale 出售上市,廉价出售salesman (pl.) salesmen saleswoman, (pl.) saleswomen7. salt n. salty adj adj.含盐的;咸的;辛辣的8. sand [U]沙(子)(pl) sands沙滩9. satisfy vt.使满意satisfactory adj 令人满意的satisfied(感到)满意的adj. satisfying adj令人满意的satisfaction n 满意; be satisfied with…,对…感到满意far from satisfactory远远不能令人满意;satisfy(meet) sb’s demand满足某人的要求10. save vt. 救,节省,储存;savings储蓄金,存款11. scholar n. 学者scholarship n.奖学金12. science n. scientific adj. scientist n.13. seat n.& v.座位,使坐下;seated adj. Be seated.请坐下。