基于CFD的汽车外流场数值模拟及优化
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硕士学位论文
基于CFD的汽车外流场数值模拟及优化
二零一五年五月 研究生姓名: 查朦
导师姓名: 苏小平
申请学位级别: 硕士
一级学科名称: 机械工程
二级学科名称: 机械制造及其自动化
基
于
CFD
的
汽
车
外
流
场
的
模
拟
及
优
化
南
京
工
业
大
学
Numerical Simulation and Model Optimization For Car
body Base on CFD
A Thesis Submitted to
Nanjing Tech University
For the Academic Degree of Master of
Engineering
BY
Meng Zha
Supervisor: Prof. Xiaoping Su
May. 2015
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日 期: 日 期: 硕士学位论文
I 摘 要
随着汽车工业技术及经济的发展,人们对汽车安全性、舒适性要求越来越
高,而这很大程度上取决于汽车空气动力特性。由于近年来数值计算理论及计
算技术的发展进步,在新车开发初期越来越趋向于采用计算流体力学对汽车空
气动力性能进行测试计算,该方法试验周期短、耗资少。本文以某车型为研究
对象,利用CATIA软件和FLUENT软件结合进行三维外流场模拟分析及车型
优化,并对改型后的模型进行模拟的对比分析。主要研究内容如下:
(1)简述了汽车空气动力学研究历史发展现状及其趋势,对计算流体力学
的理论基础以及数值计算常用方法作了一定介绍研究;
(2)利用软件CATIA创建了某车型的几何模型,采用ANSYS的前处理
软件ICEM确定计算域,并对其进行八叉树方法的网格划分;
(3)在商用软件FLUENT中选择采用标准k湍流模型并对计算域进行
边界条件的设置,得到汽车外流场的车身表面压力分布、速度矢量分布以及空
气阻力系数
DC和汽车升力系数
LC;
(4)以汽车阻力系数为优化目标,对模型车身前端造型、后翘脚以及后扰
流板这关键因素进行了局部改型,并且对改进后的车型进行了数值模拟,对各
改型前后的方案进行了简要的评价,通过对湍流动能、速度矢量以及纵对称面
压力云图等的分析表明通过优化,模型表现出良好的气动性能,气动阻力系数
均得到了一定程度的减小。
本文通过对汽车进行数值模拟计算,并对优化后的模型进行气动特性分析,
减小了气动阻力系数并为汽车造型优化提供了基本的参考。
关键词: 空气动力学; Fluent; 数值模拟; 造型优化; 空气阻力系数
硕士学位论文
i ABSTRACT
With the development of economic and industry technology , people's
requestment on car safety and comfort are increasing high, this largely depends on
the aerodynamic properties of the car. With the development of computing
technology and theory of numerical calculation , CFD is largely adopted in the
aerodynamic properties of the test calculation in early exploitation of the car. the
method has shorter cycle and less cost. A certain model is adopted as the research
object in this article, this paper combines software of CATIA and FLUENT for
pro-design of three-dimensional and outflow field simulation analysis and
optimization of model, comparative analysis and simulation models were modified
after. The main contents are as follows:
(1) The aerodynamic research、status and development trend of car were briefly
described; and the theoretical of the computational fluid dynamics and numerical
calculation methods was specially focused on.
(2) The model geometry was established by CATIA, the computational domain
was divided reasonably by the pre-processing software of ANSYS, and it meshed
with octree method.
(3) The standard turbulence model and the boundary condition of computing
domain were set up by FLUENT. The pressure,the velocity vector distribution of the
body and aerodynamic drag coefficient and lift coefficient was obtained.
(4) Let the drag coefficient as the optimization objective,Front-end shape of the
model body, later lifted leads and a rear spoiler which were a key factor in partial
modification was optimized.And the numerical simulations were carried on the
improved models,and take some brief evaluation on each modified scheme,through
the analysis of turbulent kinetic energy, velocity vector and pressure of symmetry
plane shows the optimized models has better aerodynamic performance, the
aerodynamic drag coefficient was reduced to some extent. ABSTRACT
ii In this paper, the numerical simulation calculation of the selected model and the
analysis of aerodynamic characteristics on optimized models provide a basic
reference in the vehicle body modeling optimization.
KEYWORDS:Aerodynamics; Fluent; Numerical simulation; Shape optimization;
Aerodynamic drag coefficient