Book 9_U1_Grammar and usage 1

必修三U1 Grammar知识点梳理：一、What is ellipsis? When can we use ellipsis? What's the function of ellipsis?什么是省略？什么时候我们可以用省略？省略的作用是什么？Ellipsis means the act of leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately. We can use ellipsis when the meaning can still be understood without using a word or certain words. In other words, ellipsis is used when you do not want to repeat some words or phrases whose meaning is obvious. Using ellipsis is an efficient way to make sentences concise.省略是指在一个句子中故意省略一个或几个词的行为。

当不使用某个词或某些词仍能理解其含义时，我们可以使用省略。

换句话说，省略是在你不想重复一些意思明显的词或短语时使用的。

意思很明显的一些词或短语时使用。

使用省略是一种使句子简洁的有效方法。

二、句子中可被省略的部分1.简单句省略（1）省略主语例：(That/It) Sounds like a great idea!这听起来是个好主意！（2）省略表语例：— Are you hungry? — No, I am not (hungry).——你饿吗？——不，我不饿。

（3）同时省略几个部分①省略主谓或主谓一部分例：Why (do you) not say hello to him?你为什么不去和他打招呼呢？②省略动宾例：— Did you finish the homework? — No, I didn't finish (the homework) ——你作业写完了吗？——不，我没有写完。

Unit1 Grammar and usage and Integrated skills 课后习题基础夯实Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.2.The film reminds me the happiest days when I was young.3.In our childhood,we were often reminded by Grandma (pay) attention to our table manners.4.Lily felt down because her (propose) was turned down by the manager.5.The top universities aim (choose) the most intelligent students.6.After his efforts,his dream (come) true.7.Doctor Li Wenliang,in Hubei Province,made great (achieve) during the outbreak of the virus.8.These ideas will be explored detail in next chapter.9.Saving and recycling are great value in the development of the modern society.10.If you follow me,you will make greater (succeed).11.(profession)spent more time on the research.12.They asked me to design a (post) for the activity.Ⅱ.短语填空1. the heavy rain,the football match was put off.2.After his retirement,he can his personal interests.3.Whatever happens,we’ll our promise.4.His dream of becoming a university teacher has .5.You’ll be able to choose a room your own personal taste.6.Even if the child’s access to schooling is difficult,you should not .7.To our satisfaction,his efforts on his children will .8.We to be there around six.Ⅲ.完成句子1.他们成功地克服了各种困难。

教师学科教案[ 20 – 20 学年度第__学期]任教学科：_____________任教年级：_____________任教老师：_____________xx市实验学校牛津高中英语教学设计教材：牛津高中英语(模块九) 高三上学期文档内容：教学设计——教案单元：Unit 2 Witnessing time板块：Grammar 1作者：商三英Thoughts on the design:本节课主要目的是复习名词性从句的概念，种类，引导词及名词性从句的基本用法。

学生首先回顾了什么是名词性从句，名词性从句包含哪些从句。

对于每一类名词性从句，学生通过朗读大量的例句首先对此类从句有一个感性的认识，并从这些例句中找出规律及其特征。

本节课设计的主要特色就是让学生学会在使用中找出规律，培养学生自主学习能力，提高学生的合作学习精神。

Teaching aims:After learning this lesson, the students will be able to understand what noun clauses are. This lesson is aimed to guide the students to have a general understanding of noun clauses by presenting numerous examples, thus enabling the students to use them correctly and freely in their daily life.Teaching procedures:Step 1 General idea of noun clauses (ppt5)Ask the students: What are noun clauses? Collect some examples from some individual students. Or the teacher can give some examples. From these examples we can see “Noun clauses act like nouns and can function as the subject, object, predicative or appositive in the sentence.”[Explanation]名词性从句在日常生活中随处可见，教师可以引导学生从已知的知识导入课题，让学生在轻松的交流中了解名词性从句的基本含义。

Unit 1 Wish you were hereGrammar and usageNon-restrictive relative clauses◆内容分析：本板块围绕单元话题，引导学生在有关“旅游业的利弊”的语篇中观察、探究非限制性定语从句的使用情况，自主归纳其核心规则，再通过单句、语篇两个层面的巩固练习让学生内化新知；最后要求学生运用所学，准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法，讨论如何在旅游过程中践行可持续发展理念，实现“形式—意义—使用”的统一。

◆教学目标：By the end of this section, students will be able to:1. identify the use of non-restrictive relative clauses;2. work out the rules of non-restrictive relative clauses;3. use non-restrictive relative clauses to finish the tasks of rewriting sentences and completing an article;4. discuss how to be a sustainable tourist using non-restrictive relative clauses.◆教学重难点：1.To summarize the general rules;2.To apply the rules correctly and properly.◆教学过程：Step 1 Lead-inHave the students compare two sentences and tell the difference between them.1. He has two sisters who work in the same company.2. He has two sisters, who work in the same company.Answer:1. Perhaps he has more than two sisters.2. He has only two sisters.Step 2 Exploring the rules1. Have students read the article on page 6 and answer the following question.What are the advantages and disadvantages of tourism?Possible answer:Advantages:Tourism allows service industries to grow consistently, thus giving jobs to the local population, and bringing more wealth to the surrounding community. Disadvantages:Tourist destinations may be at risk physically and culturally, with wildlife habitats suffering and the local culture receiving insufficient respect.Useful expressions:1. 社区的命脉the lifeblood of the communities2. 服务行业service industries3. 持续增长grow consistently4. 依次，轮流；反过来in turn5. 繁荣的产业booming business6. 称心如意的境遇 a bed of roses7. 观光胜地tourist attractions8. 和谐相处live in harmony (with)9. 野生物栖息地wildlife habitats10. 土地的自然特性physical characteristics of the land11. 处于危险中at risk12. 使…...受到伤害put …in harm’s way13. 失去对......的尊重the loss of respect for ...14. 旨在...... aim to15. 未来许多代人many future generations2. Have students find the sentences with non-restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box of part A on page 6.Answer:These industries, in turn, give jobs to the local population, whose welfare depends on tourism.The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.More nature-centred tourist attractions, where man and nature live in harmony, can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals.Local festivals and customs, which may have deep meaning in a particular culture, can simply become entertainment for tourists.3. Have students read and compare the following pair of sentences.These industries, in turn, give jobs to the local population, whose welfare depends on tourism.These industries, in turn, give jobs to the local population whose welfare depends on tourism.Possible answer:The first sentence contains a non-restrictive relative clause. It simply adds more information to the main clause and does not affect its meaning; it is separated from the main clause by a comma. It tells us that the local population depend on tourism forwelfare. The second sentence contains a restrictive relative clause. It defines its antecedent in the main clause more specifically and makes a difference to the meaning of the sentence. It implies that these industries give jobs only to the people whose welfare depends on tourism, but not to those who do not depend on tourism.4. Have stu dents read the following sentences and identify what “which”refers to respectively.The prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too, which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained, wildlife habitats are likely to suffer, which could endanger the local plants and animals.Possible answer:In both the sentences above, “which” refers to the main clause as a whole. In the first sentenc e, “which” refers to the fact that the prices of tourist essentials such as transport, accommodation and food usually increase too. In the second sentence, “which” refers to the fact that wildlife habitats are likely to suffer.Step 3 Working out the rules1. Have students finish “Working out the rules" on page 6.Answer:1) cannot 2) which2. Have students go through “Grammar notes” on page 95.Give explanations if necessary.Step 4 Applying the rules1. Have students finish B1 on page 7.Answer:1. My parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people, some of whom had never been abroad before.2. My favourite place to visit is a little village near Shanghai, where my grandma was born.3. Dr Luo, who is an expert in Chinese history, will give us a tour of Beijing.4. I'd rather visit Europe in summer, when the weather is at its best.5. I'm reading a guidebook to Rome, which is really fascinating and helpful.2. Have students finish B2 on page 7.Answer:1) c 2) a 3) d 4) b3. Have students answer the following question.What is sustainable tourism?Answer:It is not just about seeing the sights—it is also about connecting with people and their cultures, making a positive impact on the places we visit and enhancing opportunities for the future.4. Have students complete the table according to the article on how to be a sustainable1) Avoid flying if possible2) Avoid having bedding and towels washed every day3) Culture4) Respect the right to privacy.5. Have students finish B3 on page 7.Possible answer:When visiting national parks, where the ecosystem might be particularly sensitive, we should make sure that we do not disturb the balance of nature in any way.Local communities, whose needs are often overlooked, should benefit from tourism. We can use locally owned businesses like hotels, restaurants and travel agencies, which offer a more authentic travel experience as well as ensure that tourists’ money supports local communities.When travelling, try to reduce single-use plastic items like shopping bags, which take many years to break down in the environment and can injure wildlife that mistakenly eats them.【设计意图】本板块的教学设计首先引导学生阅读有关“旅游业的利弊”的文章，自主探究并归纳非限制性定语从句的核心规则；再通过改写句子的练习，让学生巩固所学、内化新知；然后引导学生在主题为“可持续旅游”的语篇中用非限制性定语从句补全篇章的信息；最后指导学生准确、得体地使用非限制性定语从句，讨论如何在旅游中践行可持续发展理念。

定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who 或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.Practice:1. He met my brother, from ___ he got the news of my marriage.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whose2. Would you please put the book ___ it belongs?A. to whomB. to whichC. into whichD. where3. Do you remember the name of the company ___?A. where she works atB. in which she worksC. for which she works inD. in where she works4. The brave man, ___ the tiger was shot, is a good hunt.A. of whomB. by thatC. by whomD. by which5. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ___ he could see what was going oninside the house.A. on whichB. at whichC. through whichD. in which6. This is the girl ___ I believe was the driver of the car.A. whoB. whomC. in whomD. /7. You can take any seat ___ is free.A. in whichB. thatC. whereD. on which8. She hasn’t got enough money ___ to buy the rings.A. for whichB. with whichC. thatD. which9. The Second World War ___ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A. on whichB. whereC. in thatD. during which10. Did you tell your mother all ___ you had seen on the way home?A. whatB. whyC. thatD. which11. Do you know who lives in the building ___ there is a well.A. in front of itB. in front of whoseC. in front of whichD. in the front of which12. I’ll never. forget the day ___ I joined the League.A. on whichB. whichC. in whichD. at which13. Didn’t you see the man ___?A. I nodded just nowB. whom I nodded just nowC. I nodded to him just nowD. I nodded to just now14. Have you seen the girl ___?A. that I toldB. I told you ofC. whom I told youD. I told you of him15. Can you lend me the novel ___ the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about16. Is there anything ___ to you?A. that is belongedB. that belongsC. that belongD. which belongs17. Is this the museum ___ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one18. May the fourth is the day ___ we Chinese people will never forget.A. whichB. whenC. on whichD. about which19. October 1,1945 is the day ___ the People’s Republic of China was founded.A. whichB. whenC. thatD. on that20. The hotel ___ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed atB. where we stayed atC. we stayedD. in that we stayed21. He has two sons, ___ work as chemists.A. two of whomB. both of whomC. both of whichD. all of whom22. ① He has two sons, _____ are college students.② He has two sons, and _____ are college students.A. both of whichB. both of whomC. both of themD. both of it23. ① He still lives in the room _____ window faces to the east.② He still lives in the room, the window _____ faces to the east.③ He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city.④ He still lives in the room _____ there is a beautiful table.A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. of which24. ①I’ll never forget the days _____ we studied together.②I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent together.A. thatB. 不填C. whenD. A and B25. ① This is the only way _____ you can find.②I don’t like the way _____ he spoke to his mother.A. thatB. 不填C. in whichD. A, B and CE. A and B26. This is just the place ___ I am longing to visit these years.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. to where感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

《英语》（必修·第一册）Unit 1 Back to schoolGrammar and usage 教学设计I. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1.identify different elements in a sentence;2.understand five basic sentence structures;3.apply the rules in new situations;4.write a short passage about how to achieve the goal for the new term.II. Key competence focus1. Understand different elements in a sentence and basic sentence structures.2. Apply grammar knowledge to expressing ideas.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. Use five basic sentence structures in new situations.2. Create a passage based on given topics and sentence structures.IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Lead-inT asks Ss to link randomly presented words into a logical and meaningful sentence.Miss Yan to was excited to the opportunity give be given really a speech.→Miss Yan was really excited to be given the opportunity to give a speech.【设计意图：通过连词成句的方式导入，引发学生对句中不同成分的注意和思考，为后续环节中的句子成分和五大基本句式的内容做好铺垫。

主谓一致所谓主谓一致就是指在句子中，谓语动词必须在“人称”和“数”上与主语保持一致。

主谓一致涉及三个基本原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则，就近一致原则，就远一致原则。

一、主谓一致的概念及基本原则语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数，谓语动词用单数；反之，谓语动词用复数。

My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子不想与我一起度假。

My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。

意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。

①主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数时，谓语动词用复数。

The police were hot on his trail.警方正全力追捕他。

Many people like pets.②主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数时，谓语动词用单数。

No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。

Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。

3. 就近一致原则由there be句形，or、not only... but also...、either... or...、neither... nor、whether...or..., …等连接两个词作主语时，谓语动词应遵循就近一致原则，与后面那个主语的“人称”和“数”保持一致。

Not only the students but also the teacher hasn't come.学生们和老师都没来。

Either he or I am wrong.不是他错，就是我错。

当主语后有with、along with、together with、as well as、rather than、like、besides、but、except、in addition to等词引导的短语，谓语动词与这些结构前面的主语保持一致。