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When we are driving our car or taking a bus ,even other vehicles ,we are wondering that such marvelous transportations can send us anywhere we like to go .As we know ,the engine is the heart of a vehicle, and it can produce great power to propel the vehicle. Here is the configuration of an engine. 当我们自驾车或乘坐公交车或其他车辆时，我们会好奇—这些奇妙的交通工具竟会带我们去任何想去的地方。
众说周知，发动机是汽车的心脏，他会产生巨大的动力驱动车辆前进。
Generally speaking, an engine contains one engine block ,two assemblies and five systems. 在本章中，我们会了解发动机的构造。
一般说来，发动机包括1个发动机汽缸体、2个机构和5个系统。
One engine block means that this assembly has a cylinder block, one or two cylinder heads and a crankcase. Two assemblies mean an engine crankshaft and connecting rod assembly and a valve train. Five systems mean the fuel supply system, the lubrication system, the cooling system, the ignition system and starting system.发动机缸体是一个总成，它包含有一个汽缸体、一个或两个缸盖和一个曲轴箱。
ECAS空气悬架电控系统介绍季翔;王皆;王学军【摘要】空气悬架系统以其舒适性和稳定性的特点在客车上已经成熟应用,文章着重介绍在重卡车型上应用的空气悬架电控系统的工作原理,零部件组成、故障诊断和参数标定.【期刊名称】《汽车实用技术》【年(卷),期】2015(000)008【总页数】3页(P11-13)【关键词】空气悬架;ECAS;重卡【作者】季翔;王皆;王学军【作者单位】陕西汽车集团有限责任公司,陕西西安710200;陕西汽车集团有限责任公司,陕西西安710200;陕西汽车集团有限责任公司,陕西西安710200【正文语种】中文【中图分类】U463.3ECAS空气悬架电控系统介绍季翔，王皆，王学军（陕西汽车集团有限责任公司，陕西西安 710200）摘要：空气悬架系统以其舒适性和稳定性的特点在客车上已经成熟应用，文章着重介绍在重卡车型上应用的空气悬架电控系统的工作原理，零部件组成、故障诊断和参数标定。
关键词：空气悬架；ECAS；重卡中图分类号：U463.3文献标识码：A文章编号：1671-7988(2015)08-11-03作者简介：季翔，就职于陕西汽车集团有限责任公司。
Introduce of ElectronicControlAir Suspension systemJi Xiang, Wang Jie, Wang Xuejun（Shaanxi Automobile Group Co., Ltd., Shaanxi Xi’an 710200）Abstract: Electronic control air suspension system is used maturely in field of bus, it have the characteristic of comfortand stability. This article refocus to introduct working elementsofElectronic control air suspension system and construction of system, diagnosis and calibration.Keywords: Air suspension system; ECAS; heavy truckCLC NO.: U463.3 Document Code: A Article ID: 1671-7988(2015)08-11-03 引言目前，人们对车辆的舒适性和稳定性要求越来越高，空气悬架系统与传统的钢板板簧相比有很大的优越性，在乘用车和客车上已经广泛的应用，现在重卡行业也将此技术引用进来。
汽车专业英语－试题库一、Choose the best answer from the following choices according to the text（每题2分）1、the first designers of cars of this kind are_____ and May Bach in Constant and Benz in Pforzheim, Germany. All the three.A .Daimler B.May Bach C.Dihu D. Wate2、A car body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, and ____built into it.A . coolantB .windowsC . a trunk deck D. oil cooler3、The Cylinder head is used to hold the valves, and it has ports to allow air, fuel and exhaust to move through the ____In addition, it has coolant passagesA .engineB .body C. chassis D .electrical4、The camshaft assembly includes the camshaft, camshaft timing gear, and timing chain, __belt（if used）.A . camshaft bearingB . modulator C.oil pump D . turbine5、The Engine Electronic Control System consists of various sensors, ____and actuators.A. switchesB. battery C .osition D .effective6 、The Mass Air Flow sensors convert the amount of air drawn into the engine into a ____ signal.A. frequencyB. electricalC. voltageD. position7、Engine knock occurs within a specific ___ range.A. voltageB. resistanceC. frequencyD. temperature8 、On a front wheel drive car , the transmission is usually combined with the final drive tofrom what is called a ____ .A. modulatorB. turbineC. solenoidD. transaxle9、The transmission ___ is responsible for producing all the oil pressure that is required in the transmission.A. oil pumpB. planetary gear setC. clutch packD. torque converter10 、With vehicle speed between ___ MPH , the EBCM performs a dynamic test of the modulator valves and pump motorA. 2 and 4 B .4 and 6 C. 6 and 8 D. 4 and 811、The____ has the job of supplying a combustible mixture of air and fuel to the engine.A. starting systemB. cooling systemC. lubricating systemD. fuel system12、Electronic Fuel injection system can be divided into ___ basic sub-systemsA. TwoB. thereC. fourD. five13、To maintain precise fuel metering, the fuel pressure regulator maintains a constant fuel____.A. pressureB. flowC. velocityD. quality14、In an automobile engine, heat flow or transfers from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the cooling water, and from the coolant to the copper or aluminum ____.A. pumpB. radiatorC. pistonD. fan15、The camshaft assembly includes the camshaft, camshaft timing gear, and timing chain, __belt（if used）.A. camshaft bearingB. modulatorC. oil pumpD. turbine16、Oils used in automobiles need some ___ to improve their characteristics.A. additivesB. antifreezeC. lubricantD. coolant17、The ___ on an internal combustion engine provides the spark that ignites the combustible air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.A. starting systemB. cooling systemC. ignition systemD. fuel system18、The purpose of the ignition switch is to connect and disconnect the ignition system from the ___, so the engine can be started and stopped as desire.A. batteryB. starterC. radiatorD. distributor19、When oil is being consumed by passing through the engine, it usually will cause heavy ____ to come from the exhaust, particularly after the engine has idled for several minutes.A. black smokeB. blue smokeC. white smokeD. steam20、Out – of – valance tires and propeller shafts are the most common causes of ___ vibration.A. chassisB. engineC. bodyD. flywheel;21、A normal battery voltage should be over____ voltsA. 6B. 8C. 10D. 1222、If a compensating fuel pressure regulator is used, pressure should drop approximately____ PSI , depending on manifold vacuum.A. 8-9B. 9-10C. 10-11D. 11-1223、The steering gear multiplies steering ____ and changes its direction as received through the steering shaft from the steering wheel.A. powerB. torqueC. frictionD. wheel24、Hydraulic brake systems utilize ___ to transfer force from the driver’s foot to the brake shoes.A. airB. liquidC. IgnitionD. linkage25、Diesel Smoke Meter is used for the measurement of smoke emitted from vehicle with____ engine.A. gasolineB. dieselC. Liquefied Petroleum GasD. natural gas26、Oils used in automobiles need some ___ to improve their characteristics.A. additivesB. antifreezeC. lubricantD. coolant27、The transmission ___ is responsible for producing all the oil pressure that is required in the transmission.A. oil pumpB. planetary gear setC. clutch packD. torque converter28、to prevent the engine from polluting the environment with noxious gases, we include a ____ in our emission systems.A. charcoal canisterB. dual exhaust systemC. tail pipeD. catalytic converter29、at very high temperatures, the nitrogen in the air mixes with the oxygen to create nitrous oxides, which the sun hits, will into ____.A. smogB. carbon monoxideC. steamD. hydrocarbon30、by measuring engine coolant temperature, the ECM knows the ____ temperature of the engine.A. effectiveB. averageC. highestD. lowest31.The (A) of the automobile can be traced to 3-wheel carriage developed by Nicolas cygnet in France in 1769.A. originB. BeginningC. historyD. from32. The carriage is power by a (c) engine.A. fireB. steamC. oilD. water33. The first American automobile was developed by (C)who were bicycle mechanics.A. benzB. DaimlerC. Charles and DuryeaD. N.A. Otto二、Translate the following into Chinese（每题3分）1、valve drive mechanism2、exhaust manifold gasket3、valve stem4、brake light switch signal5、self-diagnostic system6、vehicle speed sensor7、anti-lock brake system8、starting system circuit9、luggage compartment lid10、steering arm11、cooling system12、thermostat13、radiator cap14、spark plug15、battery16、distributor17、malfunction18、door courtesy light19、power window master SW20、electronic spark advance system21、return line22、adapter23、washer24、automatic transmission25、steering system26、wheel camber27、universal joint汽车专业英语28、leak detector29、PCV valve30、Exhaust Pipe31、Spare part32、camshaft33、Service34、Survey35、Service manager36、Sale manage37、Spare part manage38、Workshop39、Engine40、balance shaft41、combustion chamber42、crankshaft43、cylinder44、cylinder block45、cylinder sleeves46、cylinder head47、dual over head cam(Do HC)48、exhaust manifold49、exhaust valve50、flywheel51、gasket52、harmonic balancer53、head bolts54、head gasket55、horsepower56、hydraulic lifters57、inline cylinder block58、intake manifold59、intake valve60、journals61、lifters62、mechanical lifters63、oil cooler64、oil filter65、oil galleys66、oil pan67、oil pan gasket68、oil pressure69、oil plugs70、oil pump71、oil pump pickup72、overhead cam(OHC)73、over head valve(OH V)74、piston75、piston rings76、piston skirt77、push rods78、rocker arms79、rod bearings80、roller lifters81、timing belt82、timing chain83、air bleeds84、air／fuel ratio85、carburetor86、electric fuel pump87、fuel bow88、fuel filter89、fuel injector90、fuel pressure regulator91、fuel pump92、fuel sending unit93、idle jets94、intercooler95、lean mixture96、rich mixture97、supercharger98、throttle99、cooling system 100、antifreeze 101、coolant102、roof panel103、sunroof104、alternating current105、battery106、battery cables107、brushes108、cranking voltage109、externally regulated110、field coil111、regulator112、starter113、voltage drop114、voltage regulator115、AB air bag116、ABS anti-lock brake system 117、AC alternating current118、ADL automatic door clock119、ASC anti-slip control120、AT automatic transmission121、ATA anti-thief alarm122、ATS anti-thief system123、AWD all-wheel drive124、CCS cruise control system125、CR-V comfortable recreational vehicle 126、DCM diagnostic control mode127、DTC diagnostic trouble code 诊断故障码128、EAS electronic (control) air suspension 129、EBS electronic brake system130、EBTC electronic brake and traction control 131、ECI electronic control injection132、ECS Engine Control System133、EFI electronic fuel injection134、EGR exhaust-gas recirculation135、EHV electric and hybrid vehicle136、EGI electronic gasoline injection 137、ESC electronic spark control138、ESCS electronic suspension control system 139、ETC electronic traction control140、FF front141、FR front rear142、FWD four wheel drive143、Front wheel drive144、FWS four-wheel steering145、HV hybrid vehicle146、ICE internal combustion engine147、IFS independent front suspension汽车专业英语148、LNG liquefied natural gas149、LPG liquefied petroleum gas150、MT manual transmission151、MIL malfunction indicator lamp152、MPFI multi port fuel injection153、MPI multi point injection三、Translate the following into English（每题3分）1、缸盖螺栓2、活塞环3、节气门位置传感器4、发动机冷却液温度传感器5、空气流量计6、机油滤清器7、传动系8、转向盘9、差速器汽车专业英语10、点火线圈11、水泵12、大气压力传感器13、空调压缩机14、安全指示灯15、控制模块16、制动助力器17、起动机18、变速器油温19、压缩机电磁离合器20、鼓风机马达21、传动系22、转向盘23、雨刮器24、风挡玻璃25、驱动桥总成26、行星齿轮组汽车专业英语27、传动比28、制冷剂29、蒸发器30、遥控门锁系统31、活塞环32、活塞裙部33、推杆34、摇臂35、连杆轴承36、正时皮带37、燃油浮子室38、燃油滤清器39、喷油器40、燃油泵41、燃油传感器42、浓混合气43、节气门44、防冻液45、冷却液46、顶板47、顶窗48、蓄电池49、调节器50、起动机51、安全气囊52、防抱死制动系统53、自动变速器54、防盗系统55、全轮驱动56、电子制动系57、制动和牵引力电子控制58、电子控制喷射59、发动机控制系统60、废气再循环61、电动和混合动力汽车62、电子汽油喷射63、电子牵引力控制装置64、（发动机）前置后驱动65、前轮驱动66、四轮转向67、前轮独立悬架68、液化天然气69、液化石油气70、手动变速器71、多点喷射汽车专业英语四、Translate the following sentences into Chinese(每题10分)1. The ability of the brake system to bring a vehicle toad safe controlled stop is Absolutely essential in preventing accidental vehicle damage, personal injury, andLoss of life.2. The oxygen sensor in the exhaust system provides the module with constant feedback “closed-loop” control which enables it to adjust the mixture to provi de the best possible conditions for the catalytic converter to operate.3.The anti-theft alarm system is a vehicle protection device which sounds an alarm when someone intrudes into the vehicle by opening a door or the engine hood or the tailgate/luggage compartment lid.4.Shock absorbers are mounted between the frame and the suspension by means of brackets and rubber bushings.5.The Malfunction indicator lamp will come on when the ignition switch is turned ON and the engine is not running6.If the light stays on or comes on while the engine is running, you have lost oil pressure and continued operation will cause severe engine damage.7.The ignition system is used to ignite the air and fuel in the cylinder.8. The computer-controlled ignition system is composed of Electronic Control Module (ECM), various sensors, battery, the ignition switch, igniter, ignition coil, distributor and the spark plugs.9. The battery is used to provide electrical energy needed to operate the system.10. The starting System is used to start an engine.11. The purpose of the charging system is to provide the electrical energy needed to charge the battery.12. The steering system is the means by which the driver of a vehicle is able to control the position of the front wheels.一、Choose the best answer from the following choices according to the text（每题2分）1.A 2 .C 3 .A 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.D11.D 12.C 13.A 14.B 15A 16.D 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.A21.D 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.B 26.D 27.A 28.D 29.A 30.A31.A 32.C 33.C二、Translate the following into Chinese（每题3分）1、气门驱动机构2、排气歧管垫3、气门挺杆4、刹车灯开关信号5、自诊断系统6、车轮速度传感器7、防抱死系统8、起动系统电路9、行李相盖10、转向臂11、冷却系统12、节温器13、散热器盖14、火花塞15、电瓶16、分电器17、多功能18、门控灯汽车专业英语19、电动窗主开关20、电子点火提前装置21、回油管22、适配器23、垫圈24、自动变速器25、转向系统26、车轮外倾角27、万向节28、防漏保护29、曲轴箱通风阀30、排气管31、零配件32、凸轮轴33、售后服务34、信息反馈35、服务经理36、销售经理37、零配件经理38、维修车间39、发动机40、平衡轴41、燃烧室42、曲轴43、气缸44、气缸体45、气缸套46、气缸盖47、双顶置凸轮轴48、排气岐管50、轮51、气缸垫52、谐振平衡器53、缸盖54、缸盖垫55、马力56、液压挺杆57、直列气缸体58、进气岐管59、进气门60、轴颈61、挺杆62、机械挺杆63、机油冷却器64、机油滤清器65、机油油道66、油底壳67、油底壳垫68、机油压力69、机油塞70、机油泵71、机油泵集滤器72、顶置式凸轮73、顶置式气门74、活塞75、活塞环76、活塞裙部77、推杆78、摇臂80、滚子挺杆81、正时皮带82、正时链条83、放气84、空燃比85、化油器86、电动燃油泵87、燃油浮子室88、燃油滤清器89、喷油器90、燃油进油针阀91、燃油泵92、燃油传感器93、怠速喷嘴94、中间冷却器95、稀混合气96、浓混合气97、增压器98、节气门99、冷却系统100、防冻液101、冷却液102、顶板103、顶窗104、交流电105、蓄电池106、蓄电池线107、电刷108、起动电压汽车专业英语109、外部调节110、磁场线圈111、调节器112、起动机113、电压降114、电压调节器115、安全气囊116、防抱死制动系统117、交流电118、自动门锁119、驱动防滑控制系统120、自动变速器121、防盗报警122、防盗系统123、全轮驱动124、巡航控制系统125、舒适休闲车126、诊断控制模块127、诊断故障码128、电子控制空气悬架129、电子制动系130、制动和牵引力电子控制131、电子控制喷射132、发动机控制系统133、电子控制燃油喷射134、废气再循环135、电动和混合动力汽车136、电子汽油喷射137、电子点火控制138、电子悬架控制系统汽车专业英语139、电子牵引力控制装置140、前置前驱动141、前置后驱动142、四轮驱动143、前轮驱动144、四轮转向145、混合动力车146、内燃机147、前轮独立悬架148、液化天然气149、液化石油气150、手动变速器151、故障指示灯152、多点燃油喷射153、多点喷射三、Translate the following into English（每题3分）1、Cylinder head bolt2、Piston ring3、Throttle Position Sensor4、Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor5、Airflow Sensor6、Oil filter7、Drive system8、Steering wheel9、differential10、ignition coil汽车专业英语11、Water pump12、Atmospheric Pressure Sensor13、Air Condition Compressor14、security indicator15、control module16、brake booster17、starter18、transmission fluid temperature19、compressor magnetic20、blower motor21、Drive system22、Steering wheel23、wiper24、windshield25、transaxle assembly26、planetary gear set27、gear ratio28、refrigerant29、evaporator30、Remote Keyless Entry System31、piston rings32、piston skirt33、push rods34、rocker arms35、rod bearings36、timing belt37、fuel bow38、fuel filter39、fuel injector40、fuel pump汽车专业英语41、fuel sending unit42、rich mixture43、throttle44、antifreeze45、coolant46、roof panel47、sunroof48、battery49、regulator50、starter51、AB air bag52、ABS anti-lock brake system53、AT automatic transmission54、ATS anti-thief system55、AWD all-wheel drive56、EBS electronic brake system57、EBTC electronic brake and traction control58、ECI electronic control injection59、ECS Engine Control System60、EGR exhaust-gas recirculation61、EHV electric and hybrid vehicle62、EGI electronic gasoline injection63、ETC electronic traction control64、FR front rear（发动机）65、Front wheel drive66、FWS four-wheel steering67、IFS independent front suspension68、LNG liquefied natural gas69、LPG liquefied petroleum gas70、MT manual transmission汽车专业英语71、MPI multi point injection四、Translate the following sentences into Chinese(每题10分)1、制动系统的作用是控制车安全停下，对防止车辆意外损伤、人身伤亡和死亡是绝对必要的。
汽车电路图常用英文缩写我国轿车企业现在大多数都与国外的轿车企业合资生产，因此其电器元件位置与电路图常用英文甚至缩写标出，为了方便广大读者使用本书，在这里列出常用的英文、缩写及其含义，详细内容见表1-3-1所列。
表1-3-1常用英文、英文缩写及含义英文缩写英文含义中文含义A AAmpers(s)安培AAC Auxiliary Air Control(Valve)辅助空气控制(阀)，二次空气怠速控制(阀)ABS Antilock Brake System防抱死制动系统A/C Air Conditioning空调AC Altemating Current交流电ACC Accessory辅助设备ACC Activated Carbon Canister活性炭罐ACL Air Cleaner空气滤清器A/D Analog to Digital模数转换ADL Automatic Door Lock自动门锁AIR Secondary Air Injection二次空气喷射ALC Automatic Level Control，Automatic Lamp Control自动高度控制、自动液面控制、自动灯控制ALT Alternator交流发电机AM1/AM2 Air Management 1/2空气控制管理1/2 AM/FM Amplitude Modulation/Frequency Modulation调幅/调频Ant Antenna天线APCM Accessory Power Control Module辅助设备动力控制模块APP Accelerator Pedal Position加速踏板位置ASCD Auto Speed control Device自动速度调节装置ASR Acceleration Slip Regulation驱动防滑调节系统、加速打滑调节AST Automatic starter自动起动器A/T Automatic Transmission/Transaxle自动变速器/自动变速桥ATC Automatic Temperature Control自动温度控制ATF Automatic Transmission Fluid自动变速器油ATSLC Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control自动变速器换档锁控制Auto Automatic自动B B+Battery Positive Volt age蓄电池正极电压BATT Battery蓄电池BCM Body Control Module车身控制模块BLK Black黑色BLU Blue蓝色BOSCH BOSCH波许(公司)BPCM Battery Pack Control Module蓄电池部件控制模块BPP Brake Pedal Position制动踏板位置BRAKE Brake制动BRN Brown褐色BTDC Before Top Dead Center上止点前BTM Battery Thermal Module蓄电池接柱组件BTSI Brake Transmission Shift lnterlock制动-变速器换档联锁装置Bulb Bulb灯泡BUS Bus(电线的)母线，通讯线C℃Degrees Celsius摄氏度Cam Camshaft凸轮轴CAN Computer Area net电脑控制区域网CAN Controller Area network控制器区域网络CCM Chassis Control Module底盘控制模块CCOT Cycling Clutch Orifice Tube循环离合器节流扎管CCP Climate Control Panel气候控制面板CD Compact Disc高密度盘，光盘CEX Cabin EXchanger客舱热交换器CHG Charge充电CHMSL Center High Mounted Stop Light中央高位制动灯CKP Crankshaft Position曲轴位置CKT Circuit线路C/Ltr Cigar Lighter点烟器CL Closed Loop闭环CLS Coolant Level Switch冷却液位开关CLU Clutch离合器CMC Compressor Motor Controller压缩机电动机控制器CMP Camshaft Position凸轮轴位置CO Carbon Monoxide一氧化碳CO2 Carbon Dioxide二氧化碳COMM Communication通讯Conn Connector连接器Conce rt调谐CPU Central Processing Unit中央处理系统(装置)CS Charging System充电系统CTP Closed Throttle Position节气门关闭位置CYP Cylinder Position缸位D DAB Delayed Accessory Bus辅助设备延时系统DC Direct Current，Duty Cycle直流电，频宽比DCM Door Control Module车门控制模块DEF Defrost除雾DI Distributor Ignition分电器点火DIC Driver Information Center驾驶员信息中心DIM Dash Integration Module控制板集成组件DK Dark黑色DL Data Line数据传输线DLC Data Link Connector数据传输装置连接器DMM Digital Multi-meter数字式万用表DMSDS Drive Motor Speed and Direction Sensor驱动电动机速度和方向传感器DMU Drive Motor Unit驱动电动机DOHC Dual Overhead Camshafts双顶置凸轮轴DOME Dome顶灯DP Diffusion Pump扩散泵DR，Drv Driver驾驶员DRL Daytime Running Lamps白天行车信号灯DTC Diagnostic Trouble Code故障代码E EBCM Electronic Brake Control Module电控制动控制模块EBTCM Electronic Brake and Traction Control Module电控制动和牵引力控制模块EC Electrical Center，Engine Control电子中心、发动机控制ECC Electronic Climate Control电控气候控制ECCS Electronic Center Control System电子中央控制系统ECI Extended Compressor at Idle怠速额外压缩机ECL Engine Coola nt Level发动机冷却液液面ECM Engine Control Module，Electronic Control Module发动机控制模块、电控模块ECO/SPORT Economy/Sport经济/运动模式ECS Emission Control System排放净化控制系统ECT Engine Coolant Temperature发动机冷却液温度ECU Electronic Control Unit电子控制单元(也称为电脑)EDS Electronic Differential Lock电子差速锁定装置EDS Electronic(anti-slip)Differential System电子防滑差速锁定系统EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory电可擦程序只读存储器EFI Electronic Fuel Injection电子控制燃油喷射装置E-Gas Electronic Gasoline电子油门EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation废气再循环、废气回流量EGR TVV Exhaust Gas Recirculation Thermal Vacuum Valve废气再循环水温感知器真空控制阀EI Electronic lgnition电子点火ELC Electronic Level Control电控水平控制ELD Electrical Load Detector电流负载检测器EMF Electromotive Force电动势Eng Engine发动机EOP Engine Oil Pressure发动机机油压力EOT Engine Oil Temperature发动机机油温度EPS Electronic power steering电动助力转向EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory可擦写程序只读存储器ESC Electronic Suspension Control电子悬架控制ESP Electronic Stabilization Procedure电子稳定化程序系统ETR Electronical ly Tuned Receiver电子调谐接收器EVAP Evaporative Emission燃油蒸气排出物，燃油蒸发污染Exh Exhaust排气F℉ Degrees Fahrenheit华氏度FC Fan Control风扇控制FI Fuel Injection燃油喷射FICD Fast Idle Control Device(汽车空调压缩工作时)快怠速控制装置FL Fusible Links熔断器FP Fuel Pump燃油泵FT Fuel Trim燃油微调、燃油导轨FWD Front Wheel Drive前轮驱动G gas Gasoline汽油Gen Generator发电机、发生器GM General Motors通用公司GM SPO General Motors Service Parts Operations通用公司车辆维修工序Gnd Ground搭铁、接地GRA车速控制装置GRN Green绿色GRY Gray灰色H H2O Waster水Ham Hamess线束HC Hydrocarbons碳氧化合物HEATER Heater加热Hi High高HO2S Heated Oxygen Sensor加热型氧传感器HPVS Heat Pump Ventilation System热泵通风系统Htd Heated加热的HTR Heater加热器HUD Head-up Display风窗玻璃映像显示HVAC Heater-Ventilation-Air Conditioning热风空调装置HVACM Heater-Vent-Air Conditioning Module热风空调装置组件HVM Heater Vent Module加热器通风组件HZ Hertz赫兹I IAC Idie Air Control怠速空气控制IAT Intake Air Temperature进气温度IC Integrated Circuit，Ignition Control集成电路，点火控制ICM Ignition Control Module点火控制模块IDI Integrated Direc tIgnition集成式直接点火IGBT Insulated Gate Bi-Polar Transistor绝缘闸门双级性晶体管IGN/IG Ignition点火IIA Integrated Ignition Assembly(分电器、点火线圈)一体式点火装置ILC Idle Load Compensator怠速负荷补偿器INJ Injection喷射I/P Instrument Panel仪表安装板IPC Insstrument Panel Cluster仪表板元件组IPM Instrument Panel Module仪表板模块I/PEC Instrument Panel Electrical Center仪表板电子中心ISC Idle Speed Control怠速控制ISO Intemational Standards Organization国际标准协会ISS Input speed Shaft，Input Shaft Speed输入轴速度K kHz Kilohertz千赫兹kPa Kilopascals千帕KS Knock Sensor爆震传感器kV Kilovolts千伏L L4 Four Cylinder Engine，In-Line直列四缸发动机L6 Six cylinder Engine，In-Line直列六缸发动机LCD Liquid Crystal Display液晶显示LDCL Left Door Closed Locking左车门关闭锁止LDCM Left Door Control Module左车门控制模块LED Light Emitting Diode发光二极管LF Left Front左前LH Left Hand左侧LHD Left Hand Drive左驾LO Low低LOCK Lock锁LR Left Rear左后LT Light淡色的、明亮的M MAF Mass Airflow空气质量流量MAIN Main主要的Man Manual手动MAP Manifold Absolute Pressure进气歧管绝对压力MAT Manifold Absolute Tempe rature进气歧管绝对温度max Maximum最大值MFI Multiport Fuel Injection多点燃油喷射MIL Malfunction Indicator Lamp故障指示灯min Minimum最小值M/T Manual Transmission/Transaxle手动变速器/变速驱动桥MV Megavolt兆伏mV Millivolt毫伏N NC Normally Closed常闭NEG Negative负极Neu Neutra空挡N•；m Newton-meter(torque)牛顿•；米(扭矩单位) NO Normally Open常开NOX Oxides of Nitrogen氮氧化物O O2S Oxygen Sensor氧传感器OBD On-Board Diagnostics随车诊断系统OBD II On-Board Diagnostics II第二代随车诊断系统O/D Overdrive超速档ODO Odometer里程OFF OFF关闭OL Open Loop开环ON ON打开ORN Orange橙黄色P PC Pressure Control压力控制PCM Powertrain Control Module动力系统控制模块PCV Positive Crankcase Ventilation曲轴箱通风PGM-FI Programmed Fuel Injection编程的燃油喷射PIM Power Inverter Module动力转换模块P/N Part Number元件号码PNK Pink粉红色PNP Park/Neutral Position驻车/空挡位置PRNDL Park，Reverse，Neutral，Drive，Low驻车挡、倒挡、空挡、驱动挡、低速挡POT Potentiometer(Variable Resistor)电位计(可变电阻器)PPL Purple紫色PROM Programmable Read Only Memory可编程只读存储器P/S，PS Rower Steering动力转向PTC Positive Temperature Coefficient Thermistor正温度系数热敏电阻PWM Pulse Width Modulated脉冲宽度调制R R-12 Refrigerant– 12制冷剂-12 R-134a Refrigerant-134a制冷剂-134a RAP Retained Accessory Power维持辅助设备供电RCDLR Remote Control Door Lock Receiver遥控门锁接收器RDCM Right Door Control Module右侧车门控制模块RECIRC Recirculation循环Ref Refe rence参考Rev Reverse倒档RF Right Front右前RH Right Hand右侧RHD Right Hand Drive右驾RKE Remote Keyless Entry遥控无钥匙进门Rly Relay继电器RPM Revolutions Per Minute(Engine Speed)每分钟转数(发动机速度) RR Right Rear右后RUN run运行S sSecond(s)秒SAE Society of Automotive Engineers(美国)汽车工程师学会SCM Seat Control Module座椅控制模块SDM Sensing and Diagnostic Module检测与诊断模块SFI Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection顺序多点燃油喷射SI System International(modem version of metric system)国际单位制SIR Supplemental Inflatable Restraint充气式乘员保护装置、安全气囊SOL Solenoid电磁线圈、电磁阀SO2 Sulfur Dioxide二氧化硫SRS Supplemental Restraint System辅助乘员保护系统START/ST start起动STP Switch To Power停车灯开关(丰田公司用)SUB Subordinate辅助的Sw Switch开关SWPS Steering Wheel Position Sensor转向盘位置传感器syn Synchronizer同步电动机T TAN TB Throttle body节气门体TCC Torque Converter Clutch液力变矩器TRAC/TCS Traction Control System牵引力控制系统TDC Top Dead Center上止点TEMP Temperature温度TEC Transmission Electronic Control Assembly变速器电子控制总成TEST Test测试TFT Transmission Fl uid Temperature变速器油温TIRE tire轮胎TR Transmission Range变速范围TP Throttle Position节气门位置TRANS Transmission/Transaxle变速器/变速驱动桥TWC Three Way Converter(Catalytic)三元催化器TWC+OC Three Way+Oxidation Converter(Catalytic)三元催化氧化器U UAMJB Underhood Auxiliary Manage Junction Block(Box)发动机罩内辅助设备接线盒U/H Underhood发动机罩内U/HEC Underhood Electrical Center发动机罩内电器中心UNLOCK Unlock开锁UTD Universal Theft Deterrent万能防盗系统V VVolt(s)，Voltage伏特V6 Six Cylinder Engine，V-Type V型6缸发动机V8 Eight Cylinder Engine，V-Type V型8缸发动机VATS Vehicle Anti-Theft System车辆防盗系统VCM Vehicle Control Module车辆控制模块VDOT Variable Displacement Orifice Tube可变排量的节流孔管VENT Ventilator通风VFD Vacuum Fluorescent Display真空荧光(灯)显示器VIO Violet紫色VIN Vehicle Identification Number车辆识别码VR Voltage Regulator电压调节器V ref Voltage Reference参考电压VSS Speed Sensor车速传感器VTEC Variable Timing Electronic System可变正时电子控制系统W 2-Way 2路WHT White白色WSS Wheel Speed Sensor转速传感器Y YEL Yellow黄色。
大学汽车专业英语教材Chapter 1: Introduction to Automotive Engineering 1.1 Overview of the Automotive Industry1.2 Importance of English in the Automotive Field 1.3 Basic Terminology in Automotive Engineering 1.3.1 Vehicle Components and Systems1.3.2 Technical Terms and Definitions1.4 Careers in Automotive Engineering1.5 Study Tips for Automotive Engineering Students Chapter 2: Automotive Design and Development2.1 Vehicle Design Process2.1.1 Concept Development2.1.2 Design Specifications2.1.3 Styling and Aesthetics2.2 Vehicle Testing and Validation2.2.1 Performance Testing2.2.2 Safety Testing2.2.3 Environmental Testing2.3 Materials Used in Automotive Design2.3.1 Metals2.3.2 Polymers2.3.3 Composites2.4 Case Studies of Successful Automotive Design Projects Chapter 3: Automotive Powertrain Systems3.1 Internal Combustion Engines3.1.1 Engine Components and Operations3.1.2 Types of Engines3.1.3 Alternative Powertrain Technologies3.2 Transmission Systems3.2.1 Manual Transmissions3.2.2 Automatic Transmissions3.2.3 Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVTs)3.3 Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies3.3.1 Hybrid Electric Vehicles3.3.2 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles3.3.3 Electric Vehicles3.4 Case Studies on Innovative Powertrain Systems Chapter 4: Automotive Electronics and Control Systems4.1 Introduction to Automotive Electronics4.2 Engine Control Systems4.2.1 Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)4.2.2 Ignition Systems4.2.3 Engine Management Systems4.3 Vehicle Communication Systems4.3.1 Controller Area Network (CAN)4.3.2 In-Car Entertainment Systems4.3.3 Telematics Systems4.4 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)4.4.1 Adaptive Cruise Control4.4.2 Lane Departure Warning Systems4.4.3 Collision Avoidance Systems4.5 Case Studies on Automotive Electronics and Control Systems Chapter 5: Vehicle Dynamics and Suspension Systems5.1 Basics of Vehicle Dynamics5.1.1 Vehicle Handling and Stability5.1.2 Tire Behavior and Performance5.1.3 Braking Systems5.2 Suspension Systems5.2.1 Types of suspensions5.2.2 Suspension Design and Tuning5.3 Steering Systems5.3.1 Rack and Pinion Steering5.3.2 Power Steering Systems5.3.3 Electronic Steering Systems5.4 Case Studies on Vehicle Dynamics and Suspension Systems Chapter 6: Automotive Safety and Crashworthiness6.1 Importance of Automotive Safety6.2 Passive Safety Systems6.2.1 Seatbelts and Restraint Systems6.2.2 Airbag Systems6.2.3 Safety Cage Design6.3 Active Safety Systems6.3.1 Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS)6.3.2 Electronic Stability Control (ESC)6.3.3 Adaptive Headlights6.4 Crashworthiness and Impact Analysis6.4.1 Crash Simulation and Testing6.4.2 Energy Absorption Structures6.4.3 Case Studies on Automotive SafetyChapter 7: Automotive Manufacturing and Quality Control7.1 Automotive Manufacturing Processes7.1.1 Stamping7.1.2 Welding7.1.3 Assembly7.2 Lean Manufacturing Principles in the Automotive Industry7.3 Quality Control and Assurance7.3.1 Six Sigma Methodology7.3.2 Statistical Process Control7.3.3 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)7.4 Case Studies on Automotive Manufacturing and Quality ControlConclusionIn conclusion, this English textbook for university-level automotive engineering students provides comprehensive coverage of essential topics in the field. From the fundamentals of automotive design and development to advanced concepts in automotive electronics and control systems, this textbook aims to equip students with the necessary knowledge and skills tosucceed in their future careers. By studying this textbook, students will gain a solid foundation in both technical English vocabulary and automotive engineering principles.。
Unit 8 Types of electronic suspension The types of electronic suspension systems used on General Motors vehicles, as examples, include:(1) Selectable Ride.(2) Automatic Level Control.(3) Air Suspension.(4) Computer Command Ride.(5) Vehicle Stability Dampening/Road-Sensing Suspension.(6) Vehicle Stability Enhancement System.(7) Magneto-Rheological Suspension.Selectable Ride (SR)The Selectable Ride (SR) system is the most basic of the electronic systems offered by General Motors. Ride {SR) allows the driver to choose between two distinct damping levels:(1) Firm(2) NormalSR is found Chevrolet and GMC full-size (C/K) trucks. See Figure 8-1. A switch is used to control four electronically controlled gas-changed dampers. The mode select switch activates the bi-state ( two settings ) dampers at all four corners of the vehicle, allowing the driver to select vehicle ride characteristics. The system is either energizing or de-energizing the bi-state dampers to provide a firm or normal ride.Fig.8-1 Selectable Ride as used on Chevrolet and GMC C/K trucksAutomatic Level ControlThe Automatic Level Control (ALC) system automatically adjusts the rear height of the vehicle in response to changes in vehicle loading and unloading. Automatic Level Control is found on many General Motors vehicles. ALC controls rear leveling by monitoring the rear suspension position sensor and energizing the compressor to raise the vehicle or energizing the exhaust valve to lower the vehicle. ALC has several variations across the different platforms. See Figure 8- 2.Fig.8- 2 ALC maintains the same ride height either loaded or unloaded Air Suspension (AS). Air Suspension is a system very similar to the ALC system. The purpose of the AS system includes keep the vehicle visually level, provide optimal headlight aiming and maintain optimal ride height.The AS system includes the following components:(1) An air suspension compressor assembly.(2) Rear air springs.(3) Air suspension sensors.The AS system is designed to maintain rear trim height within 4 mm in all loading conditions,and the leveling function will deactivate if the vehicle is overloaded. The AS system also includes an accessory air inflator found in the rear cargo area. See Figure 8- 3.Fig.8- 3 A typical schematic showing the air suspensioncompressor assembly and sensorVariable-Fats Air SpringsIn an air spring system with ordinary shock absorbers, the ECM uses the air springs to control trim height and is used on many Ford, Mercury and Lincoln vehicles. The three height sensors transmit a signal to the ECM that reflects trim height at each axle. See Figure 8- 4. The ignition and brake light switches tell the ECM whether the ignition switch is on or off, and if the brake pedal is depressed. The dome light switch indicates whether any doors are open. The on/off switch disables the air spring system to avoid unexpected movement while towing or servicing the vehicle.The ECM receives information from the height sensors indicating that the trim height is too high or too low, and it energizes the actuators to add or bleed air from the air springs. The system actuators can still operate for up to an hour after the ignition is switched off.Fig.8- 4 The typical variable-rate spring system uses three height sensors, two in the frontand one in the rear, to monitor trim height and to provide input signals to the ECMAny time the ignition is switched to the "run" position, the ECM raises the vehicle, of necessary, within the first 45 seconds. If trim height is too high and the vehicle must be lowed, the ECM delays doing so for 45 seconds after the ignition is switched on.An air compressor with a regenerative dryer provides the air change requires to inflate the air springs on the air suspension system, and a vent solenoid is used to relieve air pressure air deflate the springs. See Figure 8- 5. By energizing the compressor relay, the ECM directs current to turn on the compressor motor when trim height needs to be raised. The ECM command to lower the vehicle is an electrical signal that opens the vent solenoid to bleed air pressure out of the system. See Figure 8- 6.Fig.8-5 The air spring compressor assembly is usually mounted on rubbercushions to help isolate it from of the vehicle. All of the air enteringor leaving the air springs flows through the regenerative air dryer.Fig.8-6 A solenoid valve at the top of each spring regulates airflow into and out of the air springs General Motors Computer Command RideThe General Motors Computer Command Ride (CCR) system controls ride firmness by automatically controlling an actuator in each of the four struts to increase ride firmness as speed increases. The three damping modes are Comfort, normal and Sport.Damping mode selection is controlled by the CCR control module according to vehicle speed conditions, driver select switch position, and any error conditions that may exist. In the perform ride mode, the system will place the damping level in the firm mode regardless of vehicle speed. In the touring ride mode, the damping level depends on vehicle speed. See Figure 8- 7.Fig.8-7 Schematic showing Computer Command Ride (CCR) system.Real-Time Dampening and Road-Sensing SuspensionReal-time dampening (RTD) independently controls a solenoid in each of the four shock absorbers in order to control the vehicle ride characteristics and is capable of making changes within milliseconds (0.001 second). Road-sensing suspension (RSS), along with ALC, controls damping forces in the front struts and rear shock absorbers in response to various road and driving conditions.RTD and RSS incorporate the following components (See Figure 8-s 8 and 9):(1) An electronic suspension control module,(2) Front and rear suspension position sensors,(3) Bi-state dampers(4) A ride select switch, and an air compressor is used on some models.Bi-State and Tri-State DampersThe bi-state damper is also known as a solenoid controlled damper. Bi-state dampers are found on the RTD, RSS, and SR systems. Each of the suspension dampers used in these systems have an integral solenoid. The solenoid valve provides various amounts of damping by directing hydraulic damping fluid in the suspension shock absorber or strut. See Figure 8- 10.The General Motors version of ESC is called the vehicle stability enhancement system (VSES) and includes an additional level of vehicle control to the EBCM. VSES is also known as stabilitrak.The purpose of the vehicle stability enhancement system along with the antilock brake system (ABS) is to provide vehicle stability enhancement during over-steer or under-steer conditions.The pulse-width modulation (PWM) voltage signal from the suspension control module controls the amount of current flow through each of the damper solenoids. With a low PWM signal de-energized, more hydraulic damping fluid is allowed to bypass the main suspension damper passage, resulting in a softer damping mode.Fig.8- 8 Schematic showing the shock control used in the RSS systemFig.8- 9 Bi-state dampers (shocks) use a solenoid to control fluid flow inthe unit to control compression and rebound actionsFigure 8- 10 Solenoid valve controlled shock absorber circuitshowing the left front (LF) shock an exampleAs the PWM signal increases, or is energized, the damping mode becomes more firm. See Figure 8- 11.The main difference between a tri-state damper and a bi-state damper is that the tri-state damper uses an electrical actuator, whereas the bi-stats damper is solenoid include controlled. The three damping modes include comfort, normal, and Sport.A tri-state damper has an integral electrical strut actuator that rotates a selector change the flow of hydraulic damping find. See Figure 8- 12.Fig.8- 11 A typical CCR module schematicThe CCR module controls the operation of the strut actuators to provide the three damping modes. The strut position input provides feedback to the CCR module. The strut position input is compared to the commanded actuator position to monitor system operation. See Figure 8- 13.Fig.8-12 The three dampening modes Fig.8- 13 Integral shock solenoid of a CCR shock absorberReading materials1 General Motors Electronic Suspension SensorsThere five five different sensors found on electronic suspension systems, and GM ,vehicles can have between one and four of these sensors, depending on the system. Depending on the vehicle, the suspension position sensor may be called by a different name. It can be called:(1) An automatic level control sensor.(2) An electronic suspension position sensor.(3) A position sensor.(4) An air suspension sensor.The sensor provides the control module with information regarding the relative position and movement of suspension components. The common mounting location is between thevehicle body and the suspension control arm. See Figure 8- 14.Fig.8-14 Typical suspension position sensor Fig.8-15 A three-wire suspensionposition sensor schematic The operation of the sensor is either an air suspension sensor two-wire type or a potentiometer three-wire type. The air suspension sensor is also known as a linear Hall-effect sensor. The air suspension sensor operation consists of a moveable iron core linked to the components. As the core moves, it varies the inductance of the internal sensor coil relative to suspension position.The suspension control module energizes and de-energizes the coil approximately 20 times asecond, thereby measuring sensor inductance as it relates to suspension position. The potentiometerthree-wire sensor requires reference and ground voltage. Similar to the throttle position (TP) sensor,it produces a variable analog voltage signal. See Figure 8- 15.As the suspension moves up or down, an arm moves on the suspension position sensor through a ball-and-cup link. See Figure 8- 16.Suspension position sensor voltage changes relative to this movement. The sensor receives a 5-volt reference signal from the control module. The position sensor returns a voltage signal between 0 and 5 volts depending on suspension arm position.Fig.8-16 A suspension height sensor2 Actuator MotorsIf a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic, it tends to move from the stronger field area to the weaker field area. A motor uses this principle to current is electrical energy into mechanical movement. Electrical current is directed through the field coils on the motor frame to current to the armature, which is inside the motor frame, the armature rotates from a strong field area to a weaker field area. Armature movement can in turn move anther part, such as a gear, pulley, or shaft, attached to it.Located at the top mount of the air spring variable shock assembly of each wheel, the suspension control actuator moves a control rod that regulates air pressure to the spring, which determines ride height. The actuator is an electromagnetic device consisting of four stator coils and a permanent magnet Coil. See Figure 8- 17.Fig.8- 17 An actuator motor uses a permanent magnet andfour stator coils to drive the air spring control rodThe ECM applies current to two stator coils at a time to create opposing magnetic fields around the core, which causes the core to rotate into a new position. Which coils are energized determines how far and in which direction the core rotates. See Figure 8- 18.By switching current from one pair of coils to the other, the ECM moves the core into a new position, and a third position is available by reversing the polarity of the coils.A gear at the base of the permanent magnet connects to a rod that operates the air valve to the air spring. The gear also drives anther gear, which operates the control rod of the variable shock absorber. Therefore, the three positions of the suspension control actuator motor provide three shock absorber stiffness settings in addition to a variable air spring.Fig.8-18 The stator coils of the actuator are energized in three ways to providesoft, medium, or firm ride from the air springs and shock absorbers.3 Diagrams of Service Procedure for Motor Vehicle Maintenance and Repair (4)Incoming Inspection(a) (b)(c) (d)Contracts of Vehicles Maintenance and Repair(a) (b)(c) (d) Exercises1 Translate the following passage into Chinese(1) Failure to turn off the system will cause the air springs to be vented when the vehicle is hoisted, his will cause the vehicle to drop almost to the ground when the vehicle is lowed, and this can cause damage to the air springs and/or to the vehicle.(2) Whenever working on the suspension system check the RPO (Regular Production Option) code for the type of suspension used. For example, the F55 RPO may be called by a different name depending on the make and model of vehicle. Also, service procedures will be different on the name vehicle depending on whether it is equipped with an F45 or F55 system.(3) If the suspension module does not control the shock absorber solenoid, a full soft damping mode results. In some system malfunctions, the module may command one or all of the damper solenoids to a full soft damping.(4) A German company, ZF Sachs, supplies a self-leveling shock absorber to several vehicle manufacturers, such as Chrysler for use on the rear of minivans, plus BMW, Saab, and Volvo. The self-leveling shocks are entirely self-contained and do not require the use of height sensors or an external air pump.(5) The suspension control module energizes the relay to activate tire compressor motor. This adjusts the rear trim height as needed. The suspension control module controls the compressor relay for normal operation or for the accessory air inflator.2 Multiple choice questions(1) What type of electronic suspension systems used on General Motors vehicles?A. Computer Command RideB. Air SuspensionC. Vehicle Stability Dampening/Road-Sensing SuspensionD. All of the above(2) In an air spring system with ordinary shock absorbers, the ( ) uses the air springs to control trim height.A. ECMB. SRC. CCRD. All of the above(3) The components of AS system includes ( ).A. An air suspension compressor assembly.B. Rear air springs.C. Air suspension sensors.D. All of the above(4)Technician A says that an electronic control module used in the suspension system is the same that used for the engine control. Technician B says that most electronically controlled suspension systems use a separate control module. Which technician is correct?A. Technician A onlyB. Technician B onlyC. Both Technicians A and BD. Neither Technician A nor B(5) What type of actuator is used on electronically controlled suspension?A. SolenoidB. RelayC. Electric motorD. All of the above。
