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2015年职称英语考试《理工C》真题及答案（完整文字版）（2015年4月发布）词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)1. The weather last summer was awful.A.badB.fairC.dryD.hot【答案】A2.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.A.messageB.guiltC.obligationD.punishment【答案】D3. My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher.A.definitelyB.generallyC.certainlyD.greatly【答案】D4. There is a need for radical changes in education.A.revolutionaryB.long-termC.short-termD.systematic【答案】A5. It frustrates me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into practice.A.discouragesB.showsC.surprisesD.frightens【答案】A6. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.A.limitB.fearC.powerD.fool【答案】B7. He tried to assemble his thoughts.A.gatherB.clearC.shareD.spare【答案】A8.【题干】I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to. 【选项】A.partnerB.driveD.help【答案】D9. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establish【答案】C10. Railways are the most important mode o f transport for the economy.A.wayB.factorC.objectiveD.source【答案】A11.He said some harsh words about his brother.A.properB.unkindD.unclear【答案】B12.Under the terms of the contract, you must give 3 months' notice before you leave.A.subjectsB.expressionsC.wordsD.rules【答案】D13. Don't temp thieves by leaving valuables clearly visible.A.alarmB.catchC.spotD.attract【答案】D14.When did you first encounter these difficulties?A.createB.presentC.experienceD.resolve【答案】C15.We need to identify the potential problems.A.possibleB.mainC.immediatemon【答案】A阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
职称英语（理工类）C级模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．There’s no fun in spending the whole evening playing cards.A．enjoymentB．strengthC．temperD．excitement正确答案：A解析：根据句声(整个晚上都玩牌没有什么意思)确认答案A(乐趣)。
strength n. “长处，优点”；enjoyment n．“乐趣，享乐，快乐”；temper n．“(钢等)韧度，回火，性情，脾气”。
2．Three hours later he confessed that he had been involved in the attack.A．reportedB．rejectedC．admittedD．mentioned正确答案：C解析：confess意为“承认，供认”，该词与admit(承认，接受)是近义词。
report 意为“报告，汇报”；rejoct意为“拒绝，抵制”；mention意为“说起，讲到”。
该句的含义是“二个小时以后他承认自己曾参与了那次袭击。
”(be)involved in …是“参与/卷入……”。
3．If you are smart, you’d buy now before prices go up.A．cleverB．elegantC．loyalD．brave正确答案：A解析：smart(聪明的，漂亮的，时髦的，相当大[多]的)是多义词，根据该句句意(如果你……，你应该在涨价之前购买)判断，smart在句子中应该是“聪明的”，因此A(聪明的)是答案。
loyal adj．(常与to连用)“忠诚的，忠实的”；elegant adj．“文雅的，端庄的”：brave adj．“勇敢的”。
职称英语考试理工类(C级)试题及答案2第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，第题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Black HolesMost scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere (球体).Astronomers(天文学家)think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite(无限的)density(稠密).This single point is called a singularity (奇点).If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons.● No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to a telescope.● In astronomi cal terms,black holes are truly.For example,a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon(视界)only 18 miles across.● The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light year is about 6 trillion(万亿)miles.Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of themysteries of the universe.16.Black holes are part of space.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.The center of a black hole is empty.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.The sun is the heaviest star in the universe.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned。
2015年职称英语考试理工类C级全真模拟题及答案解析第1 部分：词汇选项（第1-1 5 题，每题1 分，共1 5 分}下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。
1. W h e n you are invited, you are supposed to be punctual.A. in timeB. on timeC. politeD. courteous2. The m a x i m u m speed of this car is 150 miles per hour.A. highestB. lowestC. m i n i m u mD. supreme3. H e purchased this stamp at an auction.A. boughtB. showedC. tookD. m a d e4. At first, all the people laughed at his ridiculous suggestion.A. amusingB. shockingC. frighteningD. foolish5. H e confessed that he did not read the assigned book.A. answeredB. agreedC. admittedD. alleged6. W e came across an old m a n lying in the road.A. savedB. sawC. facedD. encountered7. They often compelled us to work twelve or fourteen hours a day.A. m a d eB. compromisedC. smashedmanded8. D o n ’t just stand by. C a n ’t you lend a hand?A. loanB. offerC. helpD. understand9. N o b o d y could figure out this problem.A. m a k e outB. think ofC. solveD. discover10. T w o thirds of the sufferers of the disease were killed.A. patientsB. spreadersC.fansD. pioneers11. H e had a long conversation with his neighbor.A. talkB. speechC. debateD. discussion12. It is a marvel that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a six-storied building.A. curiosityB. wonderC. wanderD. spectacle13. The y didn’t want anyone to k n o w about their romance.A. adventureB. mysteryC. p o e mD. love14. She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.A.heardB. realizedC. noticedD. got15. His imagination transformed shadows into a monster.A. a beastB. a ghostC. a giantD. an angel2015年职称英语考试题库下载！100%压中原题：/RhFad1W [复制到链接栏打开] 第2 部分：阅读判断（第16-22 题，每题1 分，共7 分）下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A ; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B ; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
职称英语考试真题及答案理⼯类C阅读理解2015年职称英语考试真题及答案理⼯类C阅读理解 2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，为了让⼤家了解职称英语考试难易程度，下⾯yjbys⽹⼩编为⼤家提供了职称英语历年考试真题及答案详解，以下是2015年职称英语考试真题及答案理⼯类C级阅读理解部分。
第四部分：阅读理解 第⼀篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(⼟⽣⼟长的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕⾷者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might costa little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it. 31.【题⼲】What is the main idea of this passage? ⽂章的主旨是 A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. 农民正改变他们种咖啡的⽅式 B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce. 种植咖啡越来越贵 C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee. 蔽光⽣长的咖啡⽐向光⽣长的咖啡贵 D.People should buy shade-grown coffee. ⼈们应该买蔽光⽣长的咖啡 32.【题⼲】The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____. 段落2中的traditionally 作⽤是来显⽰ A.the positive effects of coffee. 咖啡的积极作⽤ B.a change of coffee growth. 咖啡种植的.变化 C.something that is the most important. 最重要的事情 D.how coffee production used to be. 咖啡⽣产过去如何 33.【题⼲】What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about? 【选项】阳光充⾜的咖啡增加的产量带来什么? A.More insects.更多的昆⾍ B.Better quality coffee.质量更好的咖啡 rger farms. 更⼤的农场 D.Higher profits. 更⾼利润 34.【题⼲】How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee? 【选项】农民如何找更多的⼟地来种植阳光充⾜的咖啡 A.They buy more land from other farmers. B.They cut down trees. C.They move to another country. D.They turn grassland into farmland. 35.【题⼲】The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sun ⽅式可能影响以下.... A.insects.昆⾍ B.air.空⽓ C.brids.鸟 D.humans⼈类 第⼆篇： Soot(煤烟灰)and Snow: a Hot Combination New reasearch from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes(维度)of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increase, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface."This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier." said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo(反照率), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinninbg Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. "Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heading the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon, " Hansen said. Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effecntive in warming the world's climate." This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude." Hansen noted. Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to bi the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century. The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hermisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. 36.【题⼲】Which of the following statements of soot is NOT true? A.It absorbs sun's heat. B.It is responsible for climate change. C.It reflects sunlight. D.It may account for a quarter of global warming over the past century. 37.【题⼲】Which of the following areas shows a greater warming effect? A.Ice sea areas. B.Areas with black carbon. C.Areas covered with white snow. D.Melting glaciers. 38.【题⼲】"This forcing" in Paragraph 5 refers to? A.sun's heating on snow surface. B.soot's increased absorption of solar energy. C.carbon-dioxide's warming effect. D.snow's increased reflection of sunlight. 39.【题⼲】What is the main cause of climate warming during the past century? A.Soot. B.Snow. C.Greenhouse gases. D.Wind. 40.【题⼲】The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere with A.X sea ice and insufficient sunlight. B.light snow cover and sufficient sunlight. C.heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight. D.thick sea ice and insufficient sunlight. 第三篇 A Record-Breaking Rover NASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before—at least in terms of distance. Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another&nnbsp;world. On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder—a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973. “This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for distance,” says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager. He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. “But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.” OPPORTUNITY The solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water. Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks. During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain. MARATHON ROVER The rover doesn’t seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars. Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment1. Opportunity’s continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet. 参考答案： 阅读理解：31-35、BCACD 36-40、CBBCC 41-45、BDDC(缺)【2015年职称英语考试真题及答案理⼯类C阅读理解】相关⽂章：09-1811-0110-1809-1609-1809-1809-1710-3009-1806-17。
职称英语考试理工类(C级)试题及答案3第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物)are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川)and polar (极地的) ice caps.If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate – they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone’s loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don’t have themoney for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.16. The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away bya sudden high tide.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17. High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18. The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19. Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20. The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21. The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22. Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned。
第⼀部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下⾯每个句⼦中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、The storm caused severe damage. A.physical B.accidental C.serious D.environmental 2、Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early A.selected B.operated C.developed D.discovered 3、The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers A.real B.main C.only D.practical 4、A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy A.gathered B.watched C.shouted D.walked 5、He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia A.gradual B.regular C.direst D.occasional 6、On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers A.wild B.fresh C.lovely D.false 7、We had trouble finding a pure water supply A.typical plete 8、“What do you mean by that”Paul asked sharply A.critically B.helplessy C.politely D.quickly 9、She only needs a minute amount of money A.certain B.fair C.full D.small 10、Keep your passport in a secure place A.special B.good C.safe D.different 【答案】：CDCAB，DCADC，ABBDD 11、He inspired many young people to take up the sport A.encouraged B.allowed C.called D.advised 12、Did she accept his research proposal? A.invitation B.plan C.offer D.view 13、The city centre was wiped out by the bomb A.covered B.destroyed C.reduced D.moved 14、I’d like to withdraw 500 from my current account A.leave D.draw 15、The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious A.hate B.need C.love D.pity 第⼆部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 下⾯的短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息⽂中没有提及，请选择C。
The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all："I just can't remember a thing!"But of course we all have a memory.Our memory tells us who we are.Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.In fact we have different types of memory.For example,our visual memory helps us recall facts and places.Some people have such a strong visual memory，they can remember exactly what they have seen，for example，pages of a book，as a complete picture.Our verbal(言语的)memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written：items of a shopping list,a chemical formula,dates，or a recipe.With our emotional(情感的)memory，we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings.perhaps of happiness or unhappiness.We also have special memories for smell,taste, touch and sound，and for performing physical movements.We have two ways of storing any of these memories.Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial.Our long-term memory,On the other hand,may store items for a lifetime.Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than short-term.They may forget what they have done only a few hoursago，but have the clearest remembrance(记忆)of when they were very young.Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past，and that we invent the rest.It is as though we remember only the outline of a story.We then make up the details.We often do this in the way we want to remember them，usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past-or maybe victims needing sympathy(同情).16Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned17Visual memory may be used when we read a story.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20Animals do not have a long-term memory.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22Generally we remember only a few facts about the past.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned参考答案：16.A l7.A l8.B l9.B20.C21.C22.AThe Supercomputer Network1Recently,ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked.Their computers have been connected so they can"talk"to each other.This may not seem very dramatic news，but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously.2The Internet is an interconnected(互联)system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information.The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network.This depends on the power that your system allows you to use.The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download(下载)files,how much data you can store，etc.If your computer is old and slow，accessing the information can be very difficult.3The new development in information technology has been called"the grid"(网格技术)，and it will be a network ofcomputers that are linked together。
The"grid"will work in a different way from the Internet,enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer.Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer.The idea is that while you access information,you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.40ne advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant.The"grid"will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want.This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.5The"grid"can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant.You can give your assistant a task and"he"will do it for you.The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data,compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the"grid" that happen to have the relevant information.All you have to do is assign the task,sit back and wait.6At present,possible applications of the"grid"in scientific research are being explored.While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread,expertsbelieve that the"grid"could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly.Scientists working on"grid" projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.23Paragraph224Paragraph325Paragraph426Paragraph5A How does the"grid"work?B Power sharedC Just make a requestD Limitations of present Internet useE Distance is not a problemF A new era for the Internet27Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access.28The"grid"will enable you to get on your computer the power of in the world.29The"grid"would be like，who can perform your tasks efficiently.30It is believed that the widespread use of the"grid"will become possible in the next.A the bigger computer stationsB the advantageC ten yearsD informationE your personal assistantF fifteen years参考答案：23.D24.F25.E26.A27.D28.A29.E30.CSunspotsIt's not surprising that sunspots(太阳黑子)were observed by ancient astronomers(天文学家).The largest sunspots on the sun can be seen without a telescope.It was not until the invention of the telescope(望远镜)in the early l7th century，however，that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken.The great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of sunspots.Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields(磁场)found on the sun's surface.A sunspot has a dark central core known as the umbra.The umbra is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra，where the magnetic field spreads outward.Sunspots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation.They are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface.Sunspots are frequently observed in pairs or in paired groups.The members of a spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot.They are identified by their position in the pair in terms of the direction in which the sun rotates(旋转).The number of sunspots at any one time varies.A large spot group may consist of as many as10groups and300spots across the sun.The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle.The largest number occurs about every 11years.At sunspot minimum，there are at most just a few small spots.The average lifetime of an individual spot group is roughly one solar rotation,which is about25days.The most persistent large spots,however,can survive for two to three months.31Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspotsA were made by ancient astronomers.B started in the early17th century.C were made by Galileo only.D could be made without a telescope.32Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface becauseA they produce less energy.B they are buried in the sun.C they are far away from magnetic fields.D they are close to magnetic fields.33The leading spot and the following spot are the names ofA two large sunspots.B a large spot and a small spot.C the two spots in a spot pair.D the central core and the ring around it.34If an intense sunspot activity had occurred in1857,the next one would have been inA1858.B1862.C1865.D1868.35In the last paragraph the word"persistent"meansA important.B effective.C enduring.D visible.参考答案：31.B32.A33.C34.D35.CWhere Have All the Bees Gone?Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands.All across the country,honeybees are leaving their hives(蜂巢)and never returning.Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse(群体瘫痪)disorder.It is reported that25to40percent of the honeybees in the US have vanishedfrom their hives since last fall.So far,no one can explain why.Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat.As they feed，honeybees spread pollen(花粉)from flower to flower.Without this process，a plant can't produce seeds or fruits.Now，a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what's causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies.They hope to find out what's contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future.It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees.To explore that possibility，Jay Evans，a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)Bee Research Laboratory,examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing."We know what a healthy bee should look like on the inside,and we can look for physical signs of disease,"he says.And bees from collapsing colonies don't look very healthy."Their stomachs are worn down,compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,"Evans says.It may be that a parasite(寄生虫)is damaging the bees'digestive organs.Their immune(免疫的)systems may not be working as they should.Moreover,they have high levels of bacteria inside theirbodies.Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops，says Jerry Hayes，chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture.Some studies，he says，suggest that a certain type of insecticide(杀虫剂)affects the honeybee's nervous system and memory."It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,"he says.If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse，bees'genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not.In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes.The more different genes a group has，the higher the group's genetic diversity.So far scientists haven't determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse，but it's a promising theory，says Evans.36What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain?A Honeybees are flying all across the country.B Half of the honeybees in the US have died.C Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return.D Honeybee hives are in disorder.37Researchers are seriously concerned with the phenomenonof colony-collapse disorder becauseA honeybees help produce one-third of the foods we eat.B parasites on bees may spread everywhere.C honeybees cannot find enough food elsewhere.D honeybees feed on flowers.38Which of the following is a possible cause of the colony-collapse disorder?A Population explosion.B Decreasing number of flowers around.C Genetically modified products.D Diseases and chemicals.39Which of the following explanations is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon?A Bee-keepers do not understand the honeybee's behavior.B A certain type of chemical destroys the honeybee's nervous system.C Honeybees are infected by unwanted insects.D Some crops are poisonous to the honeybees.40The word"diversity"in the last paragraph meansA variety.B makeup.C disorder.D distinction.参考答案：36.C37.A38.D39.B40.AA Tale of Scottish Rural LifeLewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song(1932)was voted"the best Scottish novel of all time"by Scotland's reading public in2005.Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland's poor rural farmers,it has been adapted for stage,film，TV and radio in recent decades.The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie,in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War l.At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine(女主人公).We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father;experience tragedy(her mother's suicide and murder of her twin children);and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman.We see her marry,lose her husband,then marry again.Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris.It is truly a novel of a place and its people.Its opening section tells of Kinraddie's long history,in alanguage that imitates the place's changing patterns of speech and writing.The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents.It is told from Chris'point of view but also from that of the gossiping community,a community where everybody knows everybody else's business and nothing is ever forgotten.Sunset Song has a social theme too.It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War l.Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war.Despite this,the war takes the young men away,a number of them to their deaths.In particular，it takes away Chris' husband,Ewan Tavendale.The war finally kills Ewan,but not in the way his widow is told.In fact,the Germans aren't responsible for his death，but his own side.He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead.It is a"Sunset Song"but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie,indeed of the new European world.Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.41What is Sunset Song mainly about?A The First World War.B The beauty of the sunset.C The new European world.D The lives of rural Scottish farmers.42Which statement is NOT true of Chris?A She is the heroine,of Sunset Song.B She had a miserable childhood.C She is the creation of a man.D She married only once.43What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?A The climate of Kinraddie.B The history of Kinraddie.C The geography of Kinraddie.D The language spoken in Kinraddie.44Who killed Chris'husband,Ewan?A His own troops.B The French army.C The Germans.D The Russian soldiers.45The word"Sunset"in the title of this novel most probably meansA the end of the heroine's life.B the end of the story.C the end of the traditional way of life.D the end of the day.参考答案：41.D42.D43.B44.A45.CRising Tuition in the USEvery Spring,US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year's budget.They consider faculty salaries，utility costs for dormitories，new building needs and repairs to old ones.They run the numbers and conclude-it seems, inevitably-that，yet again，the cost of tuition must go up.According to the US's College Board，the price of attending a four-year private university in the US rose81percent between l993and2004.(46)In2005and2006，the numbers continued to rise.According to university officials,college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks. "Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year,"said the university's president，Dr BIII Brown."Student tuition pays for78percent of the university's operating costs."Brown's school is aprivate university that enrolls about3,100undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college ranking guides like US News and World Report's and The Princeton Review's.(47) Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then sent for approval to the school's board of trustees(董事).(48)This board oversees(监管)all of a state's public institutions.John Durham.assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University(ECU)，explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free.Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay22percent of the cost of their education.(49)State residents attending ECU pay about US$10,000for tuition，room and board before financial aid.Amid the news about continued increases in college costs，however，there is some good news.Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university.To receive financial aid，US students complete a formal application with the federal government.The federal government then decides whether an applicant is eligible(有资格的)for grants or loans.(50)A The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much.B At public universities，however,tuition increases must also be approved by a State education committee,sometimes called the board of governors.C The school currently charges US$23,410a year for tuition.D Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food.E That's more than double the rate of inflation.F The state government covers the rest.参考答案：46.E47.C48.B49.F50.A。
