常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(第4章 新英格兰超验主义

第5章英国浪漫主义填空题1.Two English poets,_____and_____published a book of poems Lyrical Ballads.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】William Wordsworth;Samuel Taylor Coleridge【解析】1798年，华兹华斯和柯勒律治联合出版了《抒情歌谣集》，标志着英国浪漫主义的诞生。

2.Two men fight a dual in the border region of England and Scotland and the loser causes more shame than pain to his aged father with his loss because his loss is considered not a loss of his own but a loss of the nation.（武汉大学2010研）Answer:“_____”by_____.【答案】Ivanhoe Walter Scott3.“I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud”is a poem written by the romantic poet_____.（首师大2008研）【答案】William Wordsworth.【解析】《我似一朵孤云独自游》，或译《水仙》，是英国著名浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯的名作。

4._____,a lyrical drama,is Shelly’s masterpiece.The story was taken from Greekmythology.（人大2006研）【答案】Oedipus Tyrannus5.William_____based his poetic theory on the principle that“all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of_____.”（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Wordsworth,powerful feeling【解析】(William Wordsworth和Samuel Taylor Coleridge共同出版的Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》标志着英国浪漫主义的开始。

3
American Romanticism
The
Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War.
1).Walter Scott: Waverly novels, The Lady of the Lake 2).Byron: Oriental romances 3).Gothic tradition, the cult of solitude and of gloom
8

Romanticism
started
ended
Backgrounds of American Romanticism
National
influences influences
International
6
National Influences

A. In politics: democracy and political equality lay the foundation of Romanticism; B. In economics: the spread of industrialism; the sudden influx of immigration and the pioneers pushing the frontier further west; C. In culture: the publication of Webster’s Dictionary marked the beginning of the American English; the appearance of many magazines and newspapers.

常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（二）I.Fill in the blanks1._____’s poems have the musical quality and romantic beauty.The Raven is his best-known poem.【答案】Edgar Allan Poe【解析】爱伦·坡的诗歌富有音乐感和浪漫主义色彩，《乌鸦》是最知名的一首。

2.Harriet Beecher Stowe’s masterpiece is_____.【答案】Uncle Tom’s Cabin【解析】比彻·斯托夫人(Harriet Beecher Stowe1811-1896)的名作长篇小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）是19世纪最畅销的小说（以及第二畅销的书，仅次于最畅销的书《圣经》）并被认为是刺激1850年代废奴主义兴起的一大原因。

3._____is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.【答案】Martin Eden【解析】杰克·伦敦名作《马丁·伊登》（Martin Eden）是一部带有自传色彩的长篇小说。

4.The Age of Realism is also what Mark Twain referred to as“_____”.【答案】The Gilded Age【解析】现实主义时期被马克吐温看作“镀金时代”。

5.Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the“_____”movement.【答案】imagism【解析】庞德是意象主义运动的领军人物。

6.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。

第21章自白派•垮掉的一代21.1复习笔记I.The Confessional School（自白派）The term is usually used to certain poets of the United States from the late1950s to the late 1960s.In a broad way,the poetry of this group of poets share common features such as a ruthless, excruciating self-analysis of one’s own background and heritage,one’s own most private desires and fantasies etc.,and the urgent“I’ll-tell-it-all-to-you”impulse.In a sense,it is Lowell who gave the Confessional poetry a new life and a new level of popularity with his ruthless self-dissection. Representatives of the Confessional are School Robert Lowell,Anne Sexton,Sylvia Plath.这一术语用来指20世界50年代末到60年代末的一些美国诗人。

广义上讲，这些诗人的诗歌具有以下共同特点，如对自己的背景和传统，自己的隐私、欲望和幻想等进行无情的、令人痛苦的自我分析，以及一种急切的“我将告诉你一切”的冲动。

从某种程度上讲，洛威尔用他无情的自我剖析使自白诗获得新生也使其成为新时尚。

自白派代表人物是罗伯特·洛威尔、安妮·塞克斯顿、西尔维娅·普拉斯。

第一章殖民地时期的美国文学填空题1. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.【答案】England【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。

其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。

2. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ______.【答案】American Puritanism【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。

美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。

3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values that dominated much of the early American writing.【答案】Puritan【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。

清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。

这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。

4. Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and______, rose to the level of real poetry.【答案】Edward T aylor【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特和爱德华·泰勒。

5. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by ______.【答案】Anne Bradstreet【解析】安·布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著名的诗人。

第二部分模拟试题第1章常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（一）I.Fill in the blanks1.Thomas Paine’s second most important work_____was an impassioned plea against hereditary monarchy.【答案】The Rights of Man【解析】1791年3月，托马斯·潘恩在伦敦出版《人权论》，激烈抨击埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke，1729—1797）的《法国革命感言录》（Reflections on the Revolution in France）（1790）。

《人权论》的可贵之处还在于，它冲破了当时笼罩于整个西方思想界对英国君主立宪政体的迷信，深入骨髓地批判了这一政体，给当时还处于摸索状态的法国革命指明了共和主义的崭新方向。

2._____was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.【答案】Washington Irving【解析】华盛顿·欧文是美国著名作家，他被誉为美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家。

3.In_____,Whitman’s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growing America.【答案】Song of Myself【解析】在惠特曼的《自我之歌》中他将自己早期的经历同一个正在成长中的美国等同起来。

4.The great work_____not only demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but also develops and tests Thoreau’s own transcendental philosophy.【答案】Self-Reliance【解析】富兰克林的《论自立》不仅表现了爱默生关于自立的思想，同时也表达了他的超验主义思想。

第15章南方文艺复兴•威廉姆•福克纳15.1复习笔记I.The Southern Renaissance（南方文艺复兴）1.Historical background（历史背景）The American south has been a unique region all along.There was the historically significant conflict between the Hamiltonian north and the Jeffersonian south.For a long time after the Civil War,the agricultural south remained subordinate to industrial north,and there existed a glaring gap in culture and way of thinking between the two parts of the country.Measures were taken to develop the south;economic improvements slowly came about.Although the south remained conservative,but there appeared a visible sign of change in literature,and there are efforts to reassess the past and the present and do self-searching.美国南方一直是一个独特的地区。

哈米尔顿式南方与杰斐逊式北方之间存在具有重大历史意义的冲突。

美国内战后相当长的时间内，农业式的南方仍然从属于工业化的北方。

美国这两个地区之间在文化和思维方式上存在显著的差距。

第7章19世纪中后期的散文家和诗人填空题1.The school of_____in English literature and art in the last decades of the_____ century is mainly represented by Walter Paler and Oscar Wilde,with_____as its chief authority and source of inspiration and_____as its most popular spokesman.（国际关系学院2010研）【答案】aestheticism;19th;Walter Pater;Oscar Wilde【解析】唯美主义运动（Aesthetic movement）是于19世纪后期出现在英国艺术和文学领域中的一场运动。

瓦尔特·佩特的一系列文章激发了当时的颓废主义者们的思想，这种思想继而在英国发展，其中最有名的代表则是奥斯卡·瓦尔德。

2.Author_____Title_____.（南京大学2007研）【答案】Author:Alfred Tennyson;Title:The Eagle【解析】题目节选自丁尼生的《鹰》。

3.Robert Browning’s poetic experiments transferred the thematic interest of poetry from mere narration of the story to revelation and study of characters’_____and brought to the Victorian poetry some_____element.【答案】inner world,psycho-analytical【解析】罗伯特·布朗宁的主要成就在于他的诗歌新形式戏剧独白，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内心世界，赋予了维多利亚时期的诗歌以心理分析的色彩。

第15章南方文艺复兴·威廉姆·福克纳Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1._____wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern States and its effect on the lives of modern people,both black and white.[人大2006研]【答案】William Faulkner【解析】福克纳的作品主要关于美国南方的沉浮。

在这中间，黑人和白人，南方与北方，农业和工业之间发生剧烈的摩擦和冲动。

结果是腐朽的古老传统被新兴的资本势力所击败，急剧的演变过程中形形色色的人物终不免成为客观势力和主观弱点的牺牲品。

2.In his novel,William Faulkner has invented a county named_____and the seat of the county_____.[国际关系学院2009研]【答案】Yoknapatawpha;the town of Jefferson【解析】福克纳在自己的一系列著作中虚构了位于密西西比州北部的约克纳帕塔法县，这个县的中心是杰斐逊镇。

3.The works written by_____may be viewed as a culmination of the development of twentieth-century southern fiction.【答案】William Faulkner【解析】威廉·福克纳的作品可以看作是20世纪美国南方小说发展的巅峰之作。

4.Quentin is a character in William Faulkner’s novel_____.【答案】The Sound and the Fury【解析】昆丁（Quentin）是威廉·福克纳小说喧哗与骚动（The Sound and the Fury）中的人物，同时也是该小说第三部分的叙述者。

第四章现实主义文学填空题1. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called ______, that is poetry withouta fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.【答案】free verse【解析】沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman，1810-1892）是美国著名诗人、人文主义者，他创造性地运用了诗歌的自由体（Free Verse），其代表作品是诗集《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）。

自由诗是诗体的一种，其结构自由﹐段数、行数、字数没有一定规格，语言有自然节奏而不用韵。

2. O. Henry’s ______ is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.【答案】The Gift of the Magi【解析】《麦琪的礼物》（The Gift of the Magi）是美国著名文学家欧·亨利的一篇短篇小说，它描写了一个感人的故事：在圣诞节前一天，一对小夫妻互赠礼物，结果阴差阳错，两人珍贵的礼物都变成了无用的东西，而他们却得到了比任何实物都宝贵的东西——爱3. In ______, Whitman’s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growing America.【答案】Song of Myself【解析】在惠特曼的《自我之歌》中他将自己早期的经历同一个正在成长中的美国等同起来。

4. In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, ______ gave America its first genuine epic poem.【答案】Walt Whitman【解析】《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）是十九世纪美国作家沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman）浪漫主义诗集。

第5章霍桑·麦尔维尔Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Pearl is a character in_____written by_____.[大连外国语学院2007研]【答案】The Scarlet Letter,Nathaniel Hawthorne【解析】Pearl是美国作家Nathaniel Hawthorne小说《红字》中的人物。

2.As a reflection of Hester Prynne’s moral development,the_____symbolically undergoes a gradual and imperceptible change from“_____”to“able”and last to“angel”.[天津外国语学院2008研]【答案】scarlet letter A,adultery【解析】霍桑的小说《红字》中海斯特·白兰经历了道德的洗礼，红字A的含义也逐渐由“通奸”转变为“能干”以至后来的“天使”3.Tashtego,Daggoo and Queequeg are the three main harpooners in the novel _____.[首师大2008研]【答案】Moby Dick【解析】这三个人是《莫比·狄克》里的捕鲸手。

4.The way in which_____wrote The Scarlet Letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.【答案】Nathaniel Hawthorne【解析】纳撒尼尔·霍桑的小说《红字》暗示了美国浪漫主义遵循美国清教伦理道德。

5.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel_____.【答案】The Scarlet Letter【解析】海斯特·白兰是霍桑小说《红字》中的女主人公。

第26章多种族文学（2）26.1 复习笔记I. Native American Literature（美国本土印第安文学）1. Brief Introduction（简介）For a long time the image of the American Indian in American literature has been a distorted one. Whatever portrayal of them there is in mainstream literature has been once or twice removed from the truth. As the Native American writer N. Scott Momaday puts it, “There was at one time a real danger of the Indian simply being frozen as an image in the American mind.” For a long time now, the Native Americans have been telling their own stories from their own perspectives, and they have succeeded in dislodging that image so that it has become something vital and real. In 1968 N. Scott Momaday published his House Made of Dawn and won the Pulitzer Prize. This led to what has become known as “The Native American Renaissance”around the end of the 1960s. Today books by Native American writers fill the bookstores, and their literature has become a distinct ingredient of American literature.很长一段时期内，美国文学中的印第安人一直是一种被歪曲的形象。

常耀信《美国⽂学简史》（第3版）章节题库-第⼗六章⾄第⼗七章【圣才出品】第16章安德森·斯坦·刘易斯·凯瑟·沃尔夫Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Winesburg,Ohio was written by_____.[⼤连外国语学院2007研]【答案】Sherwood Anderson【解析】《俄亥俄州的温斯堡》（或译《⼩城畸⼈》）是美国⼆⼗世纪早期⼩说家舍伍德·安德森（Sherwood Anderson）的⼀部著名⼩说。

2.Two writers played important roles in making Faulkner what he later became. _____helped him to write and publish his first novel Soldier’s Pay and_____was his idol and inspired him to write creatively.【答案】Sherwood Anderson;James Joyce【解析】安德森和乔伊斯对福克纳的⽂学创作产⽣了很⼤影响。

3.The author of Main Street is_____.【答案】Sinclair Lewis【解析】《⼤街》的作者是⾟克莱·刘易斯，他是第⼀个获得诺贝尔⽂学奖的美国⼈。

4.An American woman writer named_____who had lived in Paris since1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon,and gave them a name “the Lost Generation”.【答案】Gertrude Stein【解析】美国作家格特鲁德·斯坦因于1903年移居法国巴黎并开始组织⼀个著名的沙龙，海明威、菲茨杰拉尔德等⼈都来过这⾥。

常耀信《美国⽂学简史》（第3版）章节题库-第⼗三章⾄第⼗四章【圣才出品】第13章弗罗斯特·桑德堡·卡明斯·哈特·克兰·穆尔Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.In Robert Frost’s______,the speaker tells us how the course of his life was determined when he came upon two roads that diverted in a wood.【答案】The Road not Taken【解析】《未选择的路》是美国著名诗⼈罗伯特·弗罗斯特的著名诗篇。

这⾸深邃的哲理诗展现了现实⽣话中⼈们处在⼗字路⼝时难以抉择的⼼情。

2.Robert Frost poetry focused on the landscape and people in_______.【答案】New England【解析】弗罗斯特的抒情诗主要描写了⼤⾃然和农民，尤其是新英格兰的景⾊和北⽅的农民。

3._____combined traditional verse forms with a clear American local speech rhythm，forming his own characteristic.【答案】Robert Frost【解析】弗罗斯特将传统诗歌形式与美国本⼟⼝语体结合起来，形成了独特的诗歌特点。

4.At one time,Sandburg’s reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume biography of_____including The Prairie Years and The War Years.【答案】Abraham Lincoln【解析】卡尔·桑德堡（Carl Sandburg）美国现代诗⼈及传记作家。

第10章美国自然主义·克兰·诺里斯·德莱赛·罗宾森Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Dreiser’s novel_____,a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900,was reissued in1907and won high praise for its grim,naturalistic portrayal of American society.[人大2006研]【答案】Sister Carrie【解析】德莱赛的《嘉莉妹妹》在1900年首次出版时在商业上和文学批评界是失败的，在1907年重新被发现，因其对美国社会的自然描写赢得了很高的评价。

2.Naturalism stresses the determinism of_____and_____.[国际关系学院2009研]【答案】heredity;social environment【解析】自然主义强调遗传和社会环境决定论。

3._____is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.[人大2006研]【答案】Martin Eden【解析】杰克·伦敦名作《马丁·伊登》（Martin Eden）是一部带有自传色彩的长篇小说。

4.The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to another school of realism:American_____.【答案】naturalism【解析】达尔文的进化论对美国思想和19世纪法国文学产生深远影响，从而产生了美国自然主义这一新的学派。

第6章惠特曼·狄金森Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.Dickinson differs from Whitman in a variety of ways.For one thing,Whitman seems to keep his eye on the society at large;Dickens explores the inner life of the individual,in formal terms,the two poets are also vastly different:Whitman’s endless all-inclusive catalogs contrast with the_________which characterize Dickinson’s poetry.【答案】concise,direct and simple diction and syntax.【解析】惠特曼更细致地关注社会生活，而狄金森更倾向于探索人的内心世界。

惠特曼的视野放眼“全国”，而狄金森关注“地方”。

狄金森诗歌的风格简明，直接，善用最平易的词，而惠特曼并非如此。

2.Open,fluid and long lines sweeping boldly across the pages,familiar,informallanguage,all-including subject matter are the features of Whitman’s poetry.He is interested in all kinds of things,the ants,blades of grass,and even our hearing, breathing.All his love of life and philosophy about life are expressed through the image of______.【答案】grass【解析】惠特曼认为最伟大的诗人给世界注入了宇宙的壮观和生机。

刘炳善《英国⽂学简史》（第3版）配套题库-⼆⼗世纪英国⽂学名校考研真题和章节题库（圣才出品）第8章⼆⼗世纪英国⽂学填空题1._____is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence.The Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical decadent novel written by him.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国唯美派剧作家、诗⼈、⼩说家和⽂学批评家。

《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of D ORIAN Gray）是王尔德最出⾊的作品，最为详细地阐述了他的颓废主义思想。

2.The Happy Prince and Other Tales and The House of Pomegranates are two collections of_____written by Oscar Wilde.【答案】children’s stories3.The Importance of Being Earnest,which mercilessly exposes the hypocrisy of the upper society in VictorianEngland,is_____’s masterpiece in drama.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】《认真的重要性》（The Importance of Being Earnest）是奥斯卡·王尔德的代表性剧作。

剧本通过俏⽪的对话对维多利亚时期的英国上流社会的虚伪、腐败进⾏了⽆情的批判。

4.The English writer_____set his major novels in the south and southwest of_____,which he called“Wessex”.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Thomas Hardy,England【解析】韦塞克斯位于英国西南部，中古盎格鲁撒克逊⼈所建的王国，虽然在历史上确实存在这个地⽅，但在托马斯·哈代的⼩说中仍被赋予了虚拟的成分。