专题15热点话题(话题解读)-备战新高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练含解析

备战2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读热点05 人的身心健康及智力发展一、阅读理解1About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.However, paradoxically(自相矛盾的), just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit (诉讼) in California c laiming that the state’s ban on IQ testing discriminates(歧视) against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (They believe, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating (评估) children for special education classes.) The judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially his original decision.And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even promoting such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause.What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a child’s physical condition or his intellectual level.Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation (起伏) back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.As to i ntelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child’s intellectual level, the better for the child in question.1. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?A. Its validity was challenged by many communities.B. It was considered discriminative against minority children.C. It met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.D. It robbed the black children of their rights to a good education.2. The author believes that intelligence testing .A. may ease racial discrimination in the United StatesB. can encourage black children to keep up with white childrenC. may seriously worsen racial discrimination in the United StatesD. can help black parents make decisions about their children’s education3. The author’s opinion of child adoption seems to be that.A. no definite rules can be prescribedB. white families should adopt black childrenC. adoption should be based on IQ test resultsD. cross-racial adoption is to be advocated4. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that ______.A. good will may sometimes complicate racial problemsB. social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of childrenC. intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areasD. American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issues【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。

备战⾼考英语必考话题分类解析话题03⾃然与灾害（NatureDisaster）（含解析）话题03 ⾃然与灾害（Nature & Disaster）【话题解读】＂⾃然与环境＂是⾼中新课程标准话题之⼀，亦是⾼考英语常考话题。

本话题包括动⼈与⾃然的和谐相处，⼈在⾃然界的⽣存、植物保护、⽣态保护、⾃然灾害、等⽅⾯。

这些话题与学⽣的⽣活息息相关，联系密切。

通过对这些话题的学习以及⾼考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学⽣多注意⾝边的⼈和事、关注⾃然环境、学会与⼤⾃然和谐相处。

＂⾃然与环境＂是⾼考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书⾯表达的形式考查。

例如：2017年新课标全国卷II阅读理解D篇。

Ⅰ.核⼼单词1. _____________________ n.灾难2. _____________________ vt.引起；导致n.原因；事业；⽬标3. _____________________ n.家具4. _____________________ vt.埋葬5. _____________________ vi.发⽣6. _____________________ vt. & n.（雷电、暴风⾬等）袭击7. _____________________ vt.毁坏8. _____________________ adj.以前的9. _____________________ n. & v.损失；损害10. _____________________ vt.经历→_____________________ adj.有经验的11. _____________________ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→_____________________ n.暴⼒12. _____________________ n.可能；可能性→_____________________ adj.可能的→_____________________ adv. 可能地13. _____________________ adj.吓⼈的；可怕的→_____________________ adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的→_____________________ vt.使惊恐；使受惊吓14. _____________________ adv.幸运地；幸亏→_____________________ adj.幸运的→_____________________ n.运⽓15. _____________________ adv.满怀希望地；有希望地→_____________________ adj.有希望的→_____________________ n. & vt.希望，期望16. _____________________ adv.伤⼼地；不幸地→_____________________ adj.悲伤的→_____________________ n.悲伤17. _____________________ n.警告→_____________________ vt.警告18. _____________________ adj.积极的；活跃的→_____________________ n.活动19. _____________________ n. ⾃然；性质；本性→_____________________ adj.⾃然的，天⽣的20. _____________________ n.灾难；灾祸；不幸1. 卷起；掀起；拾起；搭载；偶然学会________________________________2. 去掉；脱掉；起飞________________________________3. 平均起来________________________________4. 结果为……；以……结束________________________________5. 总共；共计________________________________6. 指的是；谈到；提到；涉及________________________________7. 记下；放下；镇压________________________________8. set fire to ________________________________9. catch fire ________________________________10. put out ________________________________11. take place ________________________________12. do damage to ________________________________13. turn over ________________________________14. in all ________________________________Ⅰ. 核⼼单词1.disaster2.cause3.furniture4. bury5. occur6.strike7.ruin8.previous9. damage 10. experience；experienced11.violent；violence 12. possibility；possible；possibly13.terrifying；terrified；terrify 14. luckily；lucky；luck 15. hopefully；hopeful；hope16. sadly；sad；sadness 17. warning；warn 18. active；activity19.nature；natural 20.disasterⅡ. 重点短语1. pick up2. take off4. end up5. in all6. refer to7. put down8. 放⽕(焚烧)……9. 着⽕ 10. 扑灭(⽕)11. 发⽣ 12. (对……)造成损害 13. 翻过来；翻阅(书页) 14. 总共；总计（⼀）世界最危险⽕⼭随时爆发或造成灾难Mount Nyiragongo is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world — and scientists say it is only a matter of time before it makes the city below a modernday Pompeii.尼拉贡⼽⽕⼭是世界上最危险的⽕⼭之⼀，科学家表⽰，⼭脚下的城镇重现庞培古城的悲剧只是时间的问题。

高中英语作文社会热点问题深度剖析与观点阐述练习题40题(带答案)1. Environmental protection is becoming more and more important. Which of the following is NOT an environmental problem?A. Air pollutionB. Water pollutionC. Noise pollutionD. Economic development答案解析：D。

在写作中，学生应注意准确理解环保问题的概念。

A、B、C 选项分别是空气污染、水污染和噪音污染，都是常见的环境问题。

而D 选项经济发展本身不是环境问题，但如果经济发展方式不当可能会导致环境问题。

2. One of the main causes of environmental pollution is _____.A. industrial productionB. agricultural activitiesC. transportationD. people's lifestyle答案解析：D。

学生在写作时要考虑到多种导致环境污染的因素。

A 选项工业生产、B 选项农业活动和C 选项交通都是环境污染的原因之一，但人们的生活方式也是很重要的一个因素，比如过度消费、浪费资源等。

3. What can we do to protect the environment?A. Use more plastic productsB. Waste water freelyC. Plant more treesD. Burn garbage randomly答案解析：C。

在阐述环保措施时，A 选项使用更多塑料制品会加重环境问题；B 选项随意浪费水不可取；D 选项随意焚烧垃圾会污染空气。

而C 选项种植更多树木是有效的环保措施。

4. The government should take measures to _____.A. encourage pollutionB. ignore environmental problemsC. strengthen environmental protectionD. reduce economic development答案解析：C。

新高考I卷阅读理解备战高考英语复习之真题解读+高频考词+长难句分析+拔高突破练距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

阅读理解速选技能真题详解(思路解析, 阅读高频词,长难句分析)拔高突破练命题分析阅读理解文章体裁可以分为：应用文记叙文说明文议论文虽然阅读理解的材料内容千变万化，但考试中的考查方式是有限的，只要能够掌握以下几种主要类型题目的阅读技巧，那么阅读理解拿高分，甚至拿满分就是可以做到的了。

阅读理解题的速选技能，需要结合下面几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题。

秒杀技能一主旨大意题主旨大意题分为两种：一种是要求归纳标题，另一种是归纳段落大意或者文章中心思想。

1. 注意文章的首句和尾句，以及therefore, thus, but, however, in short这些很可能提示文章主旨的词语。

2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-科学新知01（2022·广西·南宁三中模拟预测）Scientists in the Netherlands have trained bees to identify COVID-19 through their sense of smell, according to a press release from Wageningen University. The research was conducted on more than 150 bees in Wageningen University’s bio-veterinary research laboratory.The scientists trained the bees by giving them a treat — a sugar-water solution — every time they were exposed to the scent of a mink (貂) infected with COVID-19. Each time the bees were exposed to a non-infected sample, they wouldn’t get a reward. Eventually, the bees could identify an infected sample within a few seconds — and would then stick out their tongues like clockwork to collect the sugar water.Bees aren’t the first animals to detect COVID-19 by scent. Researchers have also trained dogs to distinguish between positive and negative COVID-19 samples from human saliva (唾液) or sweat with fairly high levels of accuracy. A small German study found that dogs could identify positive COVID-19 samples 94% of the time. That’s because metabolic changes from the coronavirus make an infected person’s bodily fluids smell slightly different from those of a non-infected person. But researchers still aren’t sure whether animals are the best bet for sniffing out COVID-19 cases outside the lab.“No one is saying they can replace a PCR machine, but they could be very promising,” Holger V olk, a neurologist, told Nature. PCR machines are what lab technicians use to process standard COVID-19 swab tests. At the very least, certain animals could be useful for identifying COVID-19 in places or countries in which high-tech laboratory equipment is scarce or inaccessible.Wageningen scientists are working on a prototype of a machine that could automatically train multiple bees at once. Then bees can use their skills to test for coronavirus aerosols (气溶胶) in the surrounding environment.1．How did the researchers teach the bees to identify COVID-19?A．By offering bees some rewards.B．By infecting bees with COVID-19.C．By raising bees with sugar water.D．By exposing bees to infected humans.2．Why are dogs capable of finding out negative COVID-19 samples?A．For dogs can sniff out hidden virus of the samples.B．For dogs can tell the different smell of the samples.C．For dogs can feel metabolre changes of the samples.D．For dogs can distinguish saliva from sweat of the samples.3．What is the follow-up task of Wageningen scientists?A．To breed more multiple bees.B．To detect coronavirus aerosols.C．To help underdeveloped countries.D．To develop a new type of machine.4．Which can be a suitable title for the text?A．A New Way to Cure COVID-19 DiseaseB．Bees: Well-trained COVID-19 DetectorsC．Bees’ Extremely Accurate Sense of SmellD．The Best Method of Identifying COVID-1902（2022·广西北海·高三阶段练习）Dogs are born to socialise with people because we raise them that way. Two-month-old dogs can already recognise when people are pointing at objects and will stare at our faces when they’re spoken to—both signs that dogs have an innate capacity to interact with us through body language.“Although individual relationships with people might influence that behaviour, at least 40percent of this ability comes from genetics alone, “says Emily Bray at the University of Arizona. “Over the course of keeping dogs, there has been a clear selection for these social skills,” she says. “It’s something that’s deep in them and that comes out at a really young age even before they have much experience with humans.”Bray and her colleagues tested these types of skills in 375 eight-week-old dogs that were chosen tobecome service dogs. Bray says, “It was the earliest age when the dogs could carryout such experiments because they were only just old enough to be motivated by food rewards.”The researchers found that pointing at food hidden under a cup helped the dogs to find it nearly 70 percent of the time. The success rate was high from the start, meaning they weren’t learning to follow pointing, but had already known to do so. In a control test, the randomly selected dogs couldn’t find food hidden under one of the two cups at a higher rate, indicating that they weren’t simply smelling it. Much of the variation in different dogs’ abilities to follow finger-pointing is explained by genetics. Using statistical analyses based on the dogs’ parents and other relatives, the researchers found that genetic factors were responsible for much of these variations.The team also ran another experiment in which the researchers spoke “baby talk” to the dogs and found that the dogs fixed their eyes on the person for more than 6 seconds on aver-age, representing an understanding that the researchers were communicating with them.5．What does the underlined word “innate” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Weak.B．Natural.C．Secret.D．Complete.6．What’s the future mission of the 375 eight-week-old dogs?A．To serve humans.B．To take part in tests.C．To entertain researchers.D．To learn human body language.7．What mainly influenced the dogs’ success rate in finding the hidden food?A．Food smell.B．Their genes.C．Their habits.D．Professional training.8．How do dogs react to “baby talk”?A．Randomly.B．Confusedly.C．Sensitively.D．Absentmindedly.03（2022·广东深圳·高三阶段练习）The first time that I met a blind scientist. I worked in a program for disabled students interested in pursuing STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Maths) research. Until that point, it had never occurred to me how blind students were prevented from receiving science education. My daily experience in classrooms consisted of professors drawing and writing on the board with the assumption that students in the class could see. But what about those students who cannot see or suffer fromvision problems?A recent paper from Baylor University, led by Katelyn Baumer and Bryan Shaw, was inspired by exactly this problem.They designed a study to assess whether people could learn to recognize 3D models, like those often used to teach science, with their mouths instead of with their eyes.A 202l paper in Nature found that primates(灵长类动物)showed the same brain circuit activation(激活)when grasping objects with their hands and when moving an object with their tongues.This indicates that there may be underlying similarities of physical manipulations(操纵)of the hand and the mouth.Baumer and Shaw found that there was comparable touch recognition with hands to mouth manipulation recognition when using these models. 365 college students and 31 primary school students participated in the study. The participants were blindfolded and then divided into two groups, one assigned to manipulate objects by hand, and one to manipulate the objects with only their mouths. Each participant was given a single model protein to study. They then were asked to identify whether each of a set of eight other protein models matched the original they were given.The research team saw that both age groups of students were able to successfully distinguish between models. Moreover, the accuracy of recalling the structures was higher in people who only assessed the models through mouth manipulation.Although this study did not involve blind or low-vision students, it sets the basis for expanding into them next. It may offer a way to have science become more accessible, which is the ultimate goal. 9．Who will most probably benefit from Baumer and Shaw’s study?A．Professors.B．College students.C．Primary school students.D．Blind and low-vision students.10．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?A．Explain a concept to readers.B．Provide supporting information.C．Summarize the previous paragraphs.D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.11．What method is used in the study?A．Making comparisons.B．Doing surveys.C．Conducting interviews.D．Reviewing papers.12．What is the text mainly about?A．A recent paper about STEM education.B．A protein model used in science teaching.C．A potential way for disabled students to learn science.D．An academic program for blind scientists to do research.04（2022·江西·高三阶段练习）Music can really affect your well-being, learning, quality of life, and even happiness. The fact that music can make a difficult task more tolerable may be why students often choose to listen to it while doing their homework. But is listening to music the smart choice for students who want to improve their learning? A new study suggests that for some students, listening to music is a wise strategy, but for others, it isn’t. The effect of music on cognitive (认知的) function appears to depend partly on your personality—specifically, on your need for external stimulation (刺激).Researchers not only assessed listeners’ personality but also changed the difficulty of the task and the complexity of the music. Participants first completed a personality test used to determine the need for external stimulation. Then, they engaged in an easy cognitive task (searching for the letter A in lists of words) and a more challenging one (remembering word pairs) in order. Participants finished both tasks under one of two sound conditions:(1)no music, (2)with music.The data suggest that for those with a high need of external stimulation, on the simple task of finding A’s, the scores for the music condition were significantly worse than those for the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, their performance was worse whenever music was played. For those with a low need of external stimulation, however, on the simple task, such participants’ scores for the music condition were much better than those for the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, the participants showed a small but reliable benefit when listening to music.According to the study, there are individual differences in the impact of music on cognitive function. Students who are easily bored and who seek out stimulation should be cautious of adding music to the mix. On the other hand, students with a low need for stimulation may benefit significantly from the presence of music.With the right personality, the right music and the right task, the presence of music may significantly improve cognitive functioning. Given the benefits of music, subscription to Spotify will be rewarding! 13．What can we learn about the study in paragraph 2?A．It only involved the participants’ response to music.B．Participants completed two tasks when composing songs.C．The difficulty of the two tasks decreased in the experiment.D．Participants were grouped by their need for external stimulation.14．What can we infer from the result of the research?A．The complexity of tasks might reduce the benefit of music.B．Students should listen to music when performing complex tasks.C．Students with less external stimulation perform badly with music.D．The presence of music benefits students who seek for external stimulation.15．What might the underlined word “Spotify” be?A．A travel guide.B．A psychology journal.C．A music platform.D．A personality test.16．What could be the best title for the article?A．Why is music essential in your study?B．Is music beneficial to your personality?C．How can music affect your external stimulation?D．Does music promote your cognitive performance?05（2022·山东·高三阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

专题15 热点话题真题训练Passage 1（2017年·新课标卷II）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decisi on five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugiasays an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars. C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It burns too much fuel.30. What is the govern ment’s attit ude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s First FlightC.Pil ots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to Reality【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。

话题天气【话题解读】英美人谈论天气，除个别情况是实实在在地了解天气情况外，其他绝大部分情况都不是为了天气而谈天气，而是为了引入新的话题。

比如旅行的人们坐在车上，彼此互不认识，假若大家都默默地坐着，那未兔太尴尬，而让人难受。

为了打破这种冷局，人们就得无话找话说，说什么呢？在英美人看来，最方便也是最安全的办法，就是谈沦天气。

因为天气这一话题人人都可以发表见解，虽不涉及他人私事，也不至于失礼或引起误解。

命题人可能要求考生写一篇关于天气预报或介绍某地气候特征以及相应的穿衣、生活、出行的注意事项。

另外，随着近年来全球气候变暖，在世界各地频繁出现极端天气，高考也就经常以天气为话题来命题。

话题导读：约翰逊博士曾说：“两个英国人一见面，头一句话就是天气。

”一个国家民众的习惯总是会有它独特的原因的，本文带你一起去分析这背后的根源。

Why do the English Love Weather-speak①It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to ②come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak.Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather③has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.Bryson and Paxman④stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among the English. Bothcommentators, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”.⑤In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding.英国人为何偏爱谈论天气众所周知任何一段英语对话都是以谈论天气开始的。

高中英语作文社会热点问题深度剖析与观点阐述练习题40题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly important part of our lives. It has brought many benefits to society, but it also has some potential negative impacts.On the positive side, AI has greatly improved efficiency in various fields. For example, in the medical field, AI can help doctors diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly. It can analyze large amounts of medical data and provide valuable insights for treatment decisions. In the manufacturing industry, AI-powered robots can perform repetitive and dangerous tasks, reducing the risk of accidents and improving production quality.However, AI also poses some challenges. One concern is job displacement. As AI technologies become more advanced, some jobs may be replaced by machines. This could lead to unemployment and social instability. Another issue is privacy and security. AI systems collect and process large amounts of personal data, raising concerns about data breaches and privacy violations.In conclusion, while AI has brought many advantages, we need to beaware of its potential negative impacts and take appropriate measures to address them.1. What is one positive impact of AI mentioned in the passage?A. It causes unemployment.B. It reduces production quality.C. It helps doctors diagnose diseases more accurately.D. It leads to social instability.答案：C。

专题15热点话题（话题解读）-备战新高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练含解析专题15 热点话题【话题解读】“热点话题”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语热点话题。

本话题主要包括全球变暖、节约能源、环境保护、交通问题、人口问题等。

通过本话题的学习和高考的考查，帮助学生学习有关气候、能源和环保的有关知识，树立“节约能源，保护环境”的主人翁意识。

【高考探究】“热点话题”在高考英语当中通常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五或书面表达的形式出现，例如：2017年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年北京卷阅读理解B篇，江苏卷D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解B篇、2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。

【参考词汇】重点单词Ⅰ.写作必记单词1.afford v.负担得起；给予；提供2.defend v.防守，捍卫→defence n.保卫；防卫3.observe vt.观察；注意到；遵守→observation n.观察4.prohibit v.阻止；禁止→pr ohibition n.禁止；禁令5.purchase v.& n.购买；购买的东西6.realize v.实现(目标等)；意识到→reality n.真实，现实7.relax v.放松；休息→relaxin g adj.令人轻松的，令人放松的→relaxed adj.感到松懈的；感到放松的8.remain v.保持；依然；留下；剩余9.strength n.力气；长处10.voluner n.志愿者Ⅱ.阅读识记单词11.absorb v.吸收；吸引……的注意12.budget n.预算13.career n.事业；职业14.celebrity n.名人15.circula v.传播；流通；循环→circulation n.循环；流传bine v.(使)结合；(使)组合→combi nation n.联合；混合→combined adj.联合的，共同的17.conclude v.推断出，断定；使结束，终止→conclusion n.结论；结束18.consumption n.消费；消耗19.discourage v.使气馁；阻碍20.economically adv.在经济上；节俭地→economy n.经济→economic adj.经济(上)的21.essential adj.必要的；基本的22.financial adj.财政的；金融的23.harmful adj.有害的24.harmonious adj.和谐的；和睦的25.hesita vi.犹豫，踌躇26.instructor n.教员，指导老师27.irresponsible adj.不负责任的；不可靠的28.majority n.多数29.massive adj.大量的；巨大的30.mental adj.心理的；精神的31.moral adj.道德的；精神上的32.negative adj.消极的；否定的33.phenomenon n.现象34.professional adj.职业的；专业的35.psychological adj.心理的；心理学的36.rural adj.农村的，乡下的37.security n.安全38.spoilt adj.宠坏的；损坏的39.urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的40.weaken v.变弱重点短语1.adapt to适应于……2.be aware of意识到3.be bound to必然；必定4.be devod to专心于，献身于5.draw up起草；拟定6.go up上升；增长；升起7.in favo(u)r of有利于；支持，赞同8.in possession of拥有，占有ck of没有，缺乏10.opera on对……动手术；对……起作用11.oppose to反对12.pull down摧毁；推翻13.result in导致14.search for搜寻，搜索【典例剖析】Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotn a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many，many times，” says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first EarthDay.According to US government reports，emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevend pollution.Twenty five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today，it’s hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that，nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.5. According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about .A. the social movementB. recycling chniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day【答案】 C6. Where does the support for environmental proction mainly come from?A. The grassroots level.B. The business circle.C. Government officials.D. University professors.【答案】 A【解析】细节理解题。