吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含考研真题)】-第一~二章【圣才出品】

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③安徽大学812英语综合知识之戴炜栋、何兆熊《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研核心题库（含答案）。

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②安徽大学812英语综合知识之吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》本科生课件。

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③安徽大学812英语综合知识之吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》复习提纲。

《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复习笔记和真题第一部分殖民地时期的美国文学第1章约翰·史密斯1.1 复习笔记I. Historical Introduction (历史背景)(1) At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the vast continental area that was to become the United States had been probed only slightly by English and European explorers. At last early in the seventeenth century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.(2) The colonies that became the first United States were for the most part sustained by English traditions, ruled by English laws, supported by English commerce, and named after English monarchs and English lands.(3) The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of the settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, about adapting to new life and dealing with Indians; they wrote letters, contracts, government charters, religious and political statements.(4) The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was Captain John Smith, an English soldier of fortune.His reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English. (1) 直到17世纪初，美国所在的广袤大陆才被英国及少数几个欧洲国家的探险家涉足。

第四章文艺复兴时期填空题1. The term _______ originally indicated a revival of classic Greek and Roman arts and science after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism.（北京交通大学2006研）【答案】Renaissance【解析】Renaissance—文艺复兴起初是指经历了漫长、蒙昧的中世纪后，对古希腊和罗马艺术及科学的复兴。

2. Shakespeare’s authentic non-dramatic poetry consists of two _______ and 154 _______.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】long poems；sonnets【解析】莎士比亚的作品除了戏剧之外，还包括两首长诗（“Venus and Adonis”及“The Rape of Lucrece”）和154首十四行诗。

3. “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines” is a line taken from “Sonnet 18” by William Shakespeare. The underlined phrase refers to _______.（首师大2008研）【答案】the sun.【解析】“天空中的眼睛”指的是太阳。

此句意为：有时候阳光过于炽烈。

4 In William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18, the speaker compares his beloved to thesummer season, and in the last two lines（“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see／So long lives this, and this gives life to thee”）, written in a rhymed _______, he states that his beloved will live in eternity through “this”, which refers to _______. （天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】heroic couplet，poem【解析】诗句为莎士比亚十四行诗第18首的最后两句。

吴伟仁《英国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）【圣才出品】第⼆部分模拟试题吴伟仁《英国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）I. Fill in the blanks1. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _______.【答案】ballads【解析】⼗五世纪英国歌谣开始兴起。

2. _______ is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical decadent novel written by him.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国唯美派剧作家、诗⼈、⼩说家和⽂学批评家。

《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray）是王尔德最出⾊的作品，最为详细地阐述了他的颓废主义思想。

3. Thomas Hardy’s novel _______tells a story about a poor villager’s love affairs with a married school mistress named Sue.【答案】Jude the Obscure【解析】《⽆名的裘德》讲述的是⼀个穷村妇爱上了⼀个已婚⼥教师的故事。

4. Cordelia is a character in ______.【答案】King Lear【解析】Cordelia是莎⼠⽐亚著名悲剧《李尔王》中的李尔王最⼩的⼥⼉。

2 The Literature of Colonial AmericaⅠ. Fill in the blanks1. Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was ________, an English soldier of fortune, whose reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinct American literature written in English.2. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.3. _______College was established in 1636, with a printing press set up nearly in 1639.4. The first permanent English settlement in North American was established at _____, Virginia.5. ______ was a famous explorer and colonist. He established Jamestown.6. John Smith published _____ books in all.7. In the book _____ John Smith wrote that “here nature and liberty afford us that freely which in English we want, or it costs us dearly.”8. The General History of Virginia contains Smith’s most famous tale of how the Indian princess named ______ saved him from the wrath of her father.9. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the _____values that dominated much of the early American writing.10. The American poets who emerged in the seventeenth century adapted the style of established European poets to the subject matter confronted in a strange, new environment. _______Bradstreet was one such poet.11. Bradford used a word “_______” to describe the community of believers who sailed from Southampton England, on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620.12. In 1620, ______was elected Governor of Plymouth, Massachusetts.13. From 1621 until his death, ______probably possessed more power than any other colonial governor.14. Bradford’s work consists of two books. The first book deals with the persecutions of the Separatists in Scrooby, England, the second book describes the singing of the “______Compact”.15. The History of New England is a priceless gift _____left us.16. The writer who best expressed the Puritan faith in the colonial period was _______.17. The Puritan philosophy known as ______ was important in New England during colonial time, and had a profound influence on the early American mind for several generations.18. Many Puritan wrote verse, but the work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward ______, rose to the level of real poetry.19. Before his death, Jonathan ______had gained a position as America’s firstsystematic philosopher.Ⅱ. Match the names of the writers with their works.1. Jonathan Edwards a. The Day of Doom2. Increase Mather b. The magnolia Christi America3. John Smith c. The History of the Dividing Line4. William Byrd d. The General History of Virginia5. Olaudah Equiano e. A True Sight of Sin6. William Bradford f. Freedom of the Will7. Cotton Mather g. Cases of Conscience concerning Evil Spirits8. Thomas Hooker h. The Interesting Narrative9. Anne Bradstreet i. Preparatory Meditations10. Edward Taylor j. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America11. Michael Wigglesworth k. The History of Plymouth Plantation12. Roger Williams l. A Key into the Language of AmericaⅢ. Multiple Choice.1．Early in the seventeenth century, the English settlements in ________began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.A. Virginia and PennsylvaniaB. Massachusetts and New YorkC. Virginia and MassachusettsD. New York and Pennsylvania2. The first writings that we call American were the narratives and _______of the early settlements.A. journalsB. poetryC. dramaD. folklores3. Among the earliest settlers in North America were Frenchmen who settled in the Northern colonies and along the _____River.A. St. LouisB. St. LawrenceC. MississippiD. Hudson4. In 1620 a number of Puritans came to settle in ________.A. VirginiaB. GeorgiaC. MarylandD. Massachusetts5. Whose reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been regarded as the first distinct American literature written in English?A. John Winthrop’sB. John Smith’sC. William Bradford’sD. Christopher Columbus’s6. In 1612, John Smith published in England a book called ________.A. A Map of Virginia with a Description of the CountryB. The General History of MassachusettsC. A Description of New EnglandD. The Early History of Plymouth Colony7. What style did the seventeenth century American poets adapt to the subject matter confronted in a strangely new environment?A. The style of their own.B. The style mixed with England and American elements.C. The style mixed with native-American and British tradition.D. The style of established European poets.8. ______ was a civil covenant designed to allow the temporal state to serve the godly citizen.A. The early history of Plymouth colonyB. The magnolia Christi AmericaC. Mayflower CompactD. Freedom of the Will9. How many books did Cotton Mather, an inexhaustible writer, produced?A. About 400.B. About 500C. About 600D. About 30010. Somewhere in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean ______delivered his sermon A Model of Christian Charity. It became his important work.A. John WinthropB. Michael WigglesworthC. William BradfordD. Thomas Hooker11. ______ was regarded as the most eminent and admired minister in the first generation of New England Puritans.A. Cotton MatherB. John CottonC. John EliotD. Edward Taylor12. Who among the following translated the Bible into the Indian tongue?A. Roger WilliamsB. John EliotC. Cotton MatherD. John Smith13. The best of Puritan poets was ______, whose complete edition of poems appeared in 1960, more than two hundred years after his death.A. Anne BradstreetB. Michael WigglesworthC. Thomas HookerD. Edward Taylor14. English literature in America is only about more than ________years old.A. 500B. 600C. 200D. 10015. The early history of ________ Colony was the history of Bradford’s leadership.A. PlymouthB. JamestownC. New EnglandD. mayflower16. Which statement about Cotton Mather is not true?A. He was a great Puritan historian.B. He was an inexhaustible writer.C. He was a skillful preacher and an eminent theologian.D. He was a graduate of Oxford College.17. Jonathan Edwards’ best and most representative sermon was _________.A. A True Sight of SinB. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry GodC. A Model of Christian CharityD. God’s Determinations18. Which writer is not a poet?A. Michael WigglesworthB. Anne BradstreetC. Edward TaylorD. Thomas Hooker19. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the ________.A. revolutionismB. reasonC. individualismD. rationalism20. Anne Bradstreet was a puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she become known as the “_______” who appeared in America.A. Ninth MuseB. Tenth MuseC. Best MuseD. First Muse21. The ship “_______” carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Titanic22. Which writer best expressed the Puritan sense of the self?A. Jonathan Edwards.B. Increase Mather.C. John Smith.D. Thomas Hooker.23. Before ______ the American newspapers were cultural and literary in nature, but after this time, they become more political.A. 1620B. 1700C. 1775D. 1750Ⅳ. Literary Terms1. Separatists2. Pilgrims and Puritans3. Olaudah Equiano (1745~1797)4. Literary Journals5. Slave Narratives6. John Smith (1580~1631)7. William Bradford (1590~1657)8. Jonathan Edwards (1703~1758)9. John Winthrop (1588~1649)10. The Mathers11. Michael Wigglesworth (1631~1705)Ⅴ. Identification.1. Identify the author and briefly introduce the following works.(1) Leah and Rachel(2) The Magnalia Christi Americana(3) The Freedom of the Will2. Identify the poem.I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part,They kept one tune, and played on the same string,Seeming to glory in their little art.Shall creatures abject thus their voice raise?And in their kind resound their maker’s praise,Whilst I, as mite, can warble forth no higher lays?“Under the cooling shadow of a stately Elm,Close state I by a goodly River’s side,Where gliding streams the Rocks did overwhelm;A lonely place with pleasures dignifi’d.I once that lov’d the shady woods so well,Now thought the rivers did the trees excel,And if the sun would ever shine there would I dwell.“While musing thus with contemplation fed,And thousand fancies buzzing in my brain,The sweet tongu’d Philomel percht o’er my head,And chanted forth a most melodious strain,Which rapt me so with wonder and delight,I judg’d my hearing better than my sight,And wisht me wings with her awhile to my flight.”Questions:(1) This is taken from the Contemplations written by an early American woman writer. What is her name?(2) Make a brief comment on this short poem.3. Identify the except. Make a brief comment on this except.“The clouds gathering thick upon us, and the winds singing and whistling most unusually, . . . a dreadful storm and hideous began to blow from out the Northeast, which swelling and roaring as it were by fits, some hours with more violence than others, at length did beat all light from heaven, which like an hell of darkness, turned black upon us…“Prayers might well be in the heart and lips, but drowned in the outcries of the Officers, —nothing heard that could give comfort, nothing seen that might encourage hope…“The sea swelled above the Clouds and gave battle unto heaven.“Sir George Summers being upon the watch, had an apparition of a little round light, like a faint star, trembling and streaming along with a sparking blaze, half the height from the mainmast, and shooting sometimes from shrouds, and for three or four hours together, or rather more, half the night it kept with us, running sometimes along the mainyard to the very end, and then returning…“It being now Friday, the fourth morning, it wanted little but that there had been a general determination to have shut up hatches and commending our sinful souls toGod, committed the ship to the mercy of the sea.”4. Identify the poem.“The kingly Lion and the strong-armed Bear,The large-limbed Mooses, with the tripping Deer;Quill-darting Porcupines and Raccoons beCastled in the hollow of an aged tree;The skipping Squired, Rabbit, purblind Hare,Immured in the self=same castle are.“Concerning lions I will not say that I ever saw any myself, but some affirm that they have seen a lion at Cape Ann, which is not above six leagues from Boston; some likewise being lost in woods have heard such terrible roarings as have made them much aghast: which must either be devils or lions; there being no other creatures which use to roar saving bears, which have not such a terrible kind of roaring.”Questions:(1) The name of the poem is ________.(2) Briefly introduce the writer.5. Identify the poem.Some hide themselves in Caves and DelvesIn places underground.Some rashly leap into the Deep,To scape by being drowned:Some to the Rocks (O senseless blocks!)And woody mountains runThat there they might this fearful sight,And dreaded Presence shun…Not we, but he ate of the Tree,Whose fruit was interdicted:Yet on us all of his sad Fall,The punishment’s inflicted.How could we sin that had not been,Or how is his sin ourWithout consent, which to prevent,We never had a power…Yet to compare your sin with theirWho lived a longer time,I do confess yours is much less,Though every sin’s a crime.…A crime it is, therefore in blissYou may not hope to dwell;But unto you I shall allowThe easiest room in hell.The glorious King thus answering,They cease and plead no longer:Their consciences must needs confessHis reasons are the stronger.Questions:What is the name of the poem? Make a brief comment on it.Ⅵ. Questions and AnswersWho was Anne Bradstreet? What were her literary achievements?Ⅶ. Essay Questions.Do you agree that in colonial America there was no poetry at all? Give your reason. KeysⅠ. Fill in the blanks1. Captain John Smith2. England3. Harvard4. Jamestown5. Captain John Smith6. 87. A Description of New England8. Pocahontas9. Puritan 10. Anne11. Pilgrims 12. William Bradford13. Bradford 14. Mayflower15. John Winthrop 16. John Winthrop17. Puritanism 18. Taylor19. EdwardsⅡ. Matching.1-f ; 2-g; 3-d; 4-c; 5-h; 6-k; 7-b; 8-e; 9-j; 10-i; 11-a; 12-l Ⅲ．Multiple Choice.1-5 CABDB 6-10 ADCBA 11-15 AADCA16-20 DBDCB 21-23 CDDⅣ. Literary Terms.1.Separatists:In the colonial period, the Puritans who had gone to extreme were known as “separatists”. Unlike the majority of Puritans, they saw no hope of reforming the Church of England from within. They felt that the influences of politics and the court had led to corruptions within the church. They wished to break free from the Church of England. Among them was the Plymouth plantation group. They wished to follow Calvin’s model, and to set up “particular” churches.2. Pilgrims and Puritans: A small group of Europeans sailed from England on the Mayflower in 1620. The passengers were religious reformers—Puritans who were critical of the Church of England. Having given up hope of “purifying” the Church from within, they chose instead to withdraw from the Church. This action earned them the name separatists. We know them as the Pilgrims. They landed in North America and established a settlement at what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. The colony never grew very large, however. Eventually, it was engulfed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the much larger settlement to the north.Like the Plymouth Colony, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was also founded by religious reformers. These reformers, however, did not withdraw from the Church of England. Unlike the separatists, they were Puritans who intended instead to reform the Church from within, in America, the Puritans hopes to establish what John Winthrop, governor of the Colony, called a “city upon a hill,” a model community guided in all aspects by the Bible.Their form of government would be a theocracy, a state under the immediate guidance of God.Among the Puritans’ central beliefs were the ideas that human beings exist for the glory of God and that the Bible is the sole expression of God’s will. They also believed in predestination-- John Calvin’s doctrine that God has already decided who will achieve salvation and who will not. The elect, or saints, who are to be saved cannot take election for granted, however. Because of that, all devout Puritans searched their souls with great rigor and frequency for signs of grace. The Puritans felt that they could accomplish good only through continual hard work and self-discipline. When people today speak of the “Puritan ethic”, that is what they mean.Puritan ideas of hard work, frugality, self-improvement, and self-reliance are still regarded as basic American virtues.3. Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797): When published in 1789, the autobiography of Olaudah Equiano created a sensation.The Interesting Narrative made society face the cruelties of slavery and contributed to the banning of the slave in both the United States and England.The son of a tribal elder in the powerful kingdom of Benin, Equiano might have followed in his father’s footsteps had he not been sold into slavery. When Equiano was eleven years old, he and his sister were kidnapped from their home in West Africa and sold to British slave traders. Separated from his sister, Equiano was taken first to the West Indies, then to Virginia, where he was purchased by a British captain and employed at sea.Renamed Guatavus Vassa, Equiano was enslaved for nearly ten years. After managing his Philadelphia master’s finances and making his own money in the process, Equiano amassed enough to buy his freedom. In later years, he settled in England and devoted himself to the abolition of slavery. To publicize the plight of slaves, he wrote his tow-volume autobiography, The Interesting Narrative. Although Equiano’s writing raised concern about the less than human conditions inherent ill slavery, the slave trade in the United States was not abolished by lawuntil 1808, nearly 20 years after its publication.4. Literary Journals:a journal is an individual’s day-by-day account of events. It provides valuable details that can be supplied only by a participant or an eyewitness. As a record of personal relations, a journal reveals much about the writer.While offering insights into the life of the writer, a journal is not necessarily a reliable record of facts. The writer’s impressions may color the telling of events, particularly a reliable record of facts. The writer’s impressions may color the telling of events, particularly when he or she is a participant. Journals written for publication rather than private use are even less likely to be objective. The European encounters with and conquest of the Americas are recorded in the journals of the explores.5. Slave Narratives: A uniquely American literary genre, a slave narrative is an autobiographical account of life as a slave. Often written to expose the horrors of human bondage, it documents a slave’s experiences from his or her own point view.Encouraged by abolitionists, many freed or escaped slaves published narratives in the year before the Civil War.6. John Smith (1580-1631): adventurer, poet, mapmaker, and egotist are just a few of the labels that apply to Smith, who earned a reputation as one of England’s most famous explorers by helping to lead the first successful English colony in America. Stories of his adventures, often embellished by his own pen, fascinated readers of his day and continue to provide details about early exploration of the Americas.Following a ten-year career as a soldier, Smith led a group of colonists to his continent, where they landed in Virginia in 1607 and founded Jamestown. As president of the colony from 1608 to 1609, Smith helped to obtain food, enforce discipline, and deal with the local Native Americans. Though Smith returned to England in 1609, he made two more voyages to America to explore the New England coast. He published several works in the course of his life, including The General History of Virginia, New England, and The Summer Isles (1624).7. William Bradford (1590-1657): Survival in North America was a matter of endurance, intelligence, and courage. William Bradford had all three. Thirteen years after the founding of Jamestown, Bradford helped lead the Pilgrim to what is now Massachusetts.Bradford, who was born in Yorkshire, England, joined a group of Puritan extremists who believed the Church of England was corrupt and wished to separate from it. In the face of stiff persecution, they eventually fled to Holland and from there sailed to North America.After the death of the colony’s first leader, the Pilgrims elected William Bradford governor. He was reelected thirty times. During his tenure, he organized the repayment of debts to financial backers, encouraged new immigration, and established good relations with the Native Americans, without whose help the colony never would have survived.In 1630, Bradford began writing Of Plymouth Plantation, a firsthand account of the Pilgrims’ struggle to endure, sustained only by courage and unbending faith. The work, written in the simple language known as Puritan Plain Style, was notpublished until 1853.8. Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758): Jonathan Edwards is so synonymous with “fire and brimstone”—a phrase symbolizing the torments of hell endured by sinners—that his name alone was enough to make many eighteenth-century Puritans shake in their shoes.This great American theologian and powerful Puritan preacher was born in east Windsor, Connecticut, where he grew up in an atmosphere of devout discipline.A brilliant academic, he learned Latin, Greek, and Hebrew by the age of twelve, entered Yale at thirteen, and graduated four years later as class valedictorian. He went on to earn his master’s degree in theology.Edwards began his preaching career in 1727 as assistant to his grandfather, Solomon Stoddard, pastor of the church at Northampton, Massachusetts, one of the largest and wealthiest congregations in the Puritan worlds. Edwards also preached as a visiting minister throughout New England. Strongly desiring a return to the orthodoxy and fervent faith of the puritan past, he become a leader of the Great Awakening, a religious revival that swept the colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s.The great Awakening did not last, however, and in 1750 Edwards was dismissed from his position after his extreme conservatism alienated much of the congregation. He continued to preach and write until his death in 1758, shortly after becoming president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). Edward’s highly emotional sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” is by far his most famous work. It was delivered to congregation in Enfield, Connecticut, in 1741, and it is said to have caused listeners to rise from their seats in a state of hysteria.9. John Winthrop (1588-1649): Among the company of English Puritans who, in 1630, settled on the shore of Massachusetts Bay, the foremost figure was that of John Winthrop, already appointed Governor of the colony. His family was well known in his home shire of Suffolk, a family of property and position. Winthrop himself was a man of noble character, a conscientious Puritan, yet catholic in spirit beyond some of his associates, possessing the tastes and accomplishments of culture. During his voyage to America, he had busied himself in the composition of a little treatise which was characteristic of this broad-minded man. A Model of Christian Charity is the title of his essay; and in it he presents a plea for the exercise of an unselfish spirit on the part of all the members of this devoted band, now standing on the threshold of an experience which could not but be trying in the extreme on the nerves and temper of the of all. “We must be knit together in this work as one man!” was his cry.10. The Mathers: through three generations Mathers—in grandfather, son and grandson—appear as brilliant intellectual leaders of the Massachusetts clergy.Richard Mather, 1596-1669, an Oxford graduate, who arrived in Boston in 1635, was one of that conscientious Puritan brotherhood that of necessity sought a refuge and a field for spiritual conquest in the New World. He became the minister at Dorchester. “My brother Mather is a mighty man,” Thomas Hooker said of him. Although he was a prolific writer, it is sufficient to the preface of the old BayPsalm Book.Increase Mather, 1639-1723. Among the 4 sons who became ministers, it was through Increase Mather that the chief inheritance of scholarly gifts was transmitted. The father’s eloquence was more than equaled by the son’s; his Puritan zeal, his love of learning, his industry in the production of pamphlets and books, brought the name of Increase Mather into greater prominence than Richard Mather’s vigorous quill had won. For fifty-nine years, he served as minister of the North Church in Boston. He added some ninety titles to the list of colonial publications--the majority representing discourses prepared for his congregation. Perhaps the only one of his books sufficiently vitalized by human interest to be noted today is An Essay for the Recording of Illustrious Providences(1684), in which the piety, pedantry, and superstition characteristic of the religious scholar in that age are curiously mingled. This collection of strange visitations and marvelous deliverances was designed for the pious entertainment and spiritual comfort of its readers. It is one of the most interesting of these early American classics; and, like so many of the works previously cited, affords a vivid glimpse into the Puritan mind. For sixteen years, Increase Mather served as President of Harvard College.Cotton Mather, 1663-1728. His paternal relationship was not the only source of hereditary influence. The famous John Cotton was his grandfather on his mother’s side. All the accumulated piety and learning of his distinguished ancestry seemed to reside in this extraordinary man. He has been not inappropriately termed “tin literary behemoth of New England.” He had read Homer at ten years of age, and at eleven was admitted to Harvard College. He took his first degree at fifteen; at seventeen he began to preach, and soon afterward became associate with his father in the pastorate of the North Church in Boston, a connection which lasted for forty years. In his religious life, he became abnormal also; at times he lay for hours on the floor of his study in spiritual agony. He fortified himself for the conflict with error by fasts and vigils. His speech was full of pious ejaculations. Unhappily, Cotton Mather is most often remembered as a leader in the pitiful persecution of the unfortunate people accused of witchcraft at Salem in the last decade of the century. His Memorable Providence Relating to Witchcrafts (1691) and Wonders of the Invisible World (1693) contain curious records and much interesting matter relative to satanic possession; ideas which were firmly believed at that time, not only in New England, but very generally throughout Europe also.The most remarkable thing about Cotton Mather’s literary career is the number of his writings; four hundred or more titles are included in the catalogue of his works. The great work, the magnum opus of Cotton Mather’s prolific industry, was the famous Magnalia Christi Americana.11. Michael Wigglesworth (1631-1705): He is Puritan versifier whose inspiration appealed strongly to contemporary minds. This most popular of early American poets was Rev. Michael Wigglesworth, minister at Malden, Massachusetts, author of a tremendous and dismal epic, surcharged with the extreme Calvinism of the time. His masterpiece of Puritan theological belief is entitled The Day of Doom; it was published in 1662, and for a hundred years remained—as Lowell expressesit— “the solace of every fireside” in the northern colonies.Ⅴ. Identification.1. (1) Leah and RachelIt was written by John Hammond. John Hammond, a resident in the newer colony of Maryland, visiting his old home in 1656, became homesick for the one he had left so America. “It is not long since I came from thence,” he said, “nor do I intend, by God’s assistance, to be long out of is again...It is that country in which I desire to spend the remnant of my days, in which I covet to make my grave,” His little work, entitled Leach and Rachel(“the two fruitful sisters, Virginia and Maryland”), was written with a purpose to show what boundless opportunity was afforded in these two colonies to those who in England had on opportunity at all. (2) The Magnalia Christi MatherIt was written by Cotton Mather.The book, completed in December, 1697, was published at London in 1702. It stands fitly enough is the last important literary effort of seventeenth-century colonial Puritanism. Something over a thousand pages of closely printed matter is included in the seven parts or volumes of this monumental work. The planting of New England and its growth, the lives of its governors and its famous divines, a history of Harvard College, the organization of the churches, “a faithful record of many wonderful Providences,” and an “account of the Wars of the Lord --being an history of the manifold afflictions and disturbances of the churches in New England “--such is the scope of the Magnalia Christi Americana, or The Great Acts of Christ in America.The style is pedantic and artificial, but the spirit of the writer is perfectly sincere. Now and them the narrative grows simple and strong. There is a frequent use of Old Testament phraseology which indicates a clear perception of its poetical value. Cotton Mather lived throughout the first quarter of the eighteenth century; but in all essential respects, in personality and in utterance, he belongs wholly to the seventeenth. The consummate product of the old Puritan theology, he stands as the last important representative of the type in American literature.(3) The Freedom of the WillIt is, however, as the author of an extraordinary book entitled An Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will, that Jonathan Edwards holds his position in American letters. This work is a defense of the Calvinistic doctrines of foreordination, original sin, and eternal punishment. It is a masterpiece of philosophical reasoning, and although in the broadening of men’s minds the old theological ideas have been greatly modified, The Freedom of the Will is still recognized as a profound work, and has a definite place in the literature of theological discussion; it has been called “the one large contribution which America has made to the deeper philosophic thought of the world.”2. (1) Anne Bradstreet.(2) These stanzas, written by Anne Bradstreet, taken from her best known and most attractive poem, Contemplations, was written late in her life, at her home in。

History And Anthology of American Literature (VolumeⅠⅡ)美国文学史及选读1、2PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学1.17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。

在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexicoand other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。

2.17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史3.美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,French ,Spaniards ,Italians andPortuguese (荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。

4.美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.5.第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established atJamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。

6.船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品in the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.他讲述了filled with themes, myths, images, scenes, character and events,吸引了朝圣者和清教徒前往lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans.7.美国第一位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写了封信《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”.8.他的第二本书1612年《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of theCountry”.9.他一共出版了八本书，其中有关于新英格兰的历史及描述。

第五章20世纪美国文学一、填空题1. The decade of the 1920s in America was a time of carefree prosperity, isolation, social change and a feverish pursuit of pleasure. The most representative novelist of the period is _____, whose works were a harsh judgment on the false values of the 1920s and the loss of the great American dream.【答案】F. Scott Fitzgerald【解析】菲茨杰拉德是20世纪20年代最具代表性的作家。

菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》通过完美的艺术形式描写了20年代贩酒暴发户盖茨比所追求的“美国梦”的幻灭，揭示了美国社会的悲剧。

2. Fitzgerald’s greatness lies in the fact that he found intuitively in his personal experience the embodiment of that of the nation and created a myth out of American life. The story of The Great Gatsby is a good example. Gatsby’s life pattern—at first, _____, then disenchantment, and finally a sense of despair —approximates the whole of the American experience.【答案】hope【解析】盖茨比的个人经历与20世纪前几十年美国整个国家的经历如出一辙。

吴伟仁《英国⽂学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库（含名校考研真题）-第三章杰弗⾥第三章杰弗⾥·乔叟填空题1. Geoffrey Chaucer’s famous work ______ contains 20-odd stories unified by a fictitious pilgrimage.（天津外国语2008研）【答案】The Canterbury Tales【解析】乔叟的代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》，其中涵盖了20个完整的、虚构出来的朝圣之旅的故事。

（乔叟在去世前只完成了全书的总引和20个完整的故事，另有4个故事的残⽚。

）2. ______ is generally considered to be Chaucer’s masterpiece. （国际关系学院2007研）【答案】The Canterbury Tales【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》被公认为是乔叟的代表作。

3. The English great writer Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1343 and died in 1400. His most important work is ______, a long poem made up of a general introduction and 24 stories. （南开⼤学2007研）【答案】The Canterbury Tales【解析】乔叟的代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》，是⼀⾸由⼀篇序⾔和24个故事（其中22个诗体和两个散⽂体）组成的长诗。

4. The most magnificent prose work of the 15th century is Le Morte D’ Arthur concerning with _______ legend.【答案】Arthurian【解析】15世纪左右公认的集⼤成作品为《亚瑟王之死》，是关于亚瑟王的传奇故事。

第二章理性时代和革命时期文学填空题1. In Philadelphia, ______ edited the Pennsylvania Magazine, and contributed to the Pennsylvania Journal.【答案】Thomas Paine2. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet ______ appeared.【答案】Common Sense【解析】1776年美国独立的风潮开始，托马斯·潘恩支持美国独立，反对英国的殖民专政，撰写了他的成名小册子《常识》，为美国从英国殖民中独立出来辩论，批评英国国王残暴无能，认为独立后的美国应该建立共和国。

3. Except Common Sense, Paine’s the other two famous works were______ and ______.【答案】The Rights of Man，The Age of Reason【解析】潘恩著名的作品包括，《常识》、《人的权利》、《理性的时代》。

4. Thomas Paine’s second most important work ______ was an impassioned plea against hereditary monarchy.【答案】The Rights of Man【解析】1791年3月，托马斯·潘恩在伦敦出版《人权论》，激烈抨击埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke，1729-1797）的《法国革命感言录》（Reflections on the Revolution in France）（1790）。

《人权论》的可贵之处还在于，它冲破了当时笼罩于整个西方思想界对英国君主立宪政体的迷信，深入骨髓地批判了这一政体，给当时还处于摸索状态的法国革命指明了共和主义的崭新方向。

第二部分章节题库第一章中古时期一、填空题1. ______ is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.【答案】Beowulf【解析】《贝奥武夫》讲述了斯堪的纳维亚的英雄贝奥武夫的英勇事迹。

是迄今为止发现的英国盎格鲁-撒克逊时期最古老、最长的一部较完整的文学作品，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。

2. Today Chaucer is acclaimed not only as “the father of English poetry”but also as “the father of English fiction”. His masterpiece is ______.【答案】The Canterbury Tales【解析】乔叟的代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》。

3. ______ is the “father of English poetry”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, whose masterpiece The Canterbury Tales is one of the most famous works in all literature.【答案】Geoffrey Chaucer【解析】杰弗里·乔叟于1340年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌的创始者。

他逝于1400年，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂，也被称作“诗人角”。

4. In “The Canterbury Tales”, Chaucer employed the writing _____ with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.【答案】heroic couplet【解析】杰弗里·乔叟（1340—1400）英国小说家、诗人，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”，代表作品《坎特伯雷故事集》，大部分采用的是英雄双韵体。

第二章吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（二）I. Fill in the blanks1. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s masterpiece is ______.【答案】Uncle Tom’s Cabin【解析】比彻·斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896）的名作长篇小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）是19世纪最畅销的小说（以及第二畅销的书，仅次于最畅销的书《圣经》）并被认为是刺激废奴主义于1850年代兴起的一大原因。

2. The Age of Realism is also what Mark Twain referred to as “_______”.【答案】The Gilded Age【解析】现实主义时期被马克吐温看作“镀金时代”。

3. Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the “______”movement.【答案】imagism【解析】庞德是意象主义运动的领军人物。

4. Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote ______, which has been called “the Manifesto ofA merican Transcendentalism,”and ______, which has been regarded as A merica’s “Declaration of Intellectual Independence.”【答案】Nature；“The A merican Scholar”【解析】爱默生的《论自然》被称为“美国超验主义的宣言”，其《美国学者》则被誉为美国知识分子的独立宣言。

5. William Bradford’s work ______ consists of two books. The first book deals with the persecutions of the Separatists in Scrooby, England, and the second book describes the signing of the “Compact”.【答案】MayflowerII. Multiple Choice1. Which ONE of the following is the author of The Leather-Stocking Tales?A. Henry David ThoreauB. Washington IrvingC. Edgar Allan PoeD. James Fennimore Cooper【答案】D【解析】James Fenimore Cooper（库柏），美国早期作家，The Leather-Stocking Tales （《皮裹腿故事集》）是他的经典之作。

美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一I.Multiple Choice (1’×15=15’)1.C______was the first colony in American history.A. MassachusettsB. New JerseyC. VirginiaD.Georgia2. _B_____ was the only good American author before the Revolutionary War. Oneof his fellow Americans said, “His shadow lies heavier than any other man’s on this young nation.”A. John SmithB. Benjamin FranklinC. Thomas JeffersonD.Thomas Paine3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____.A. common senseB. imaginationC. intuitionD. individualism4. The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______A. Philip FreneauB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowD. Emily Dickinson5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beatits way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Titanic6. Melville’s novel __D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage inpursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.A. TypeeB. OmooC. White JacketD. Moby Dick7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New Englandfrom the 1830s to the Civil War.A.ModernismB.RationalismC.SentimentalismD.Transcendentalism8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______.A. The Scarlet LetterB. Sister CarrieC. The Great GatsbyD. The Old Man and Sea9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically.A. PuritanB. materialisticC. psychologicalD. religious10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions, and paved the way to Modernism.A. RationalismB. RomanticismC. NeoclassicismD. Enlightenment11. __C______ was a poet in American modern period who was deeply influence by eastern culture.A. T. S EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra PoundD. Walt Whitman12. Which of the following statements about Emily Dickinson is NOT true?DA. After 1862 she became a total recluse, not leaving her house nor seeing close friends.B. She once felt a deep affection for Charles Wadsworth, a married aged minister, but it proved to be a frustrated love affair for Dickinson.C. She wrote about death, immortality, nature, success and failure.D. During her lifetime, all her poems are published.13. The realistic period is referred to as “the Gilded Age” by __A_____.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. Emily DickinsonD. Theodore Dreiser14. Which of the following works is NOT by Ernest Hemingway?CA. The Old Man and SeaB. A Farewell to ArmsC. Sound and FuryD. For Whom the Bell Tolls15. Which one is NOT the characteristic of modernism?DA. Modernism in literature is characterized by experimentation, anti-realism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral rather than emotive aspects.B. Modernism is greatly influenced by the two world wars.C. The work of Marx, and Freud, had mounted an assault against orthodox religious faith that lasted into the twentieth century.D. Modernists believe that human nature is kind.II.Match the Column A with Column B (1’×10=10’)Column A Column B( c ) 1. Dimmesdale a. Robert Frost( e) 2. Ahab b. Mark Twain( i ) 3. Drouet c. The Scarlet Letter ( a ) 4. Pulitzer Prizer d. Thomas Jefferson( h ) 5. Reclusive poet e. Moby Dick(b ) 6. humorist and satirist f. Ernest Heminway( d) 7. The Decalration of Indepenence g. Henry David Thoreau( g ) 8. transcendentalist h. Emily Dickinson( j) 9. The Great Gatsby i. Sister Carrie( f ) 10. The Lost Generation j. F. Scott FitzgeraldIII.Define the following words within one phrase(2’×5=10’)1. free verse2. Ralph Waldo Emerson3. Mark Twain4. Benjamin Franklin5. Ezra PoundIV.Simple questions (5’×4=20’)1.What are Puritan thoughts?2.What is Transcedentalism and list some representative figures?3. Explain the symbolic meanings of “A” in The Scarlet Letter.4. Illustrate the three principles of Imagist Poetry.V.Interpreting the following texts (45’)Text 1When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things.Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumesthe cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse. Of an intermediatebalance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The city has itscunning wiles, no less than the infinitely smaller and more human tempter.There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expressionpossible in the most cultured human. The gleam of a thousand lights is often aseffective as the persuasive light in a wooing and fascinating eye. Half theundoing of the unsophisticated and natural mind is accomplished by forceswholly superhuman. A blare of sound, a roar of life, a vast array of human hives,appeal to the astonished senses in equivocal terms. Without a counsellor at handto whisper cautious interpretations, what falsehoods may not these things breathe into the unguarded ear! Unrecognised for what they are, their beauty, like music, too often relaxes, then weakens, then perverts the simpler human perceptions.Questions1.Please use one phrase to summarize the above paragraph (2’)2.What are the two possibilities for a girl of eighteen leaving her home?(2’)3.Please find out the figures of speech (2’)4.What are the attractive forces mentioned in a big city? (4’)5.How are naturalist views are reflected in this paragraph? Illustrate yourpoints with examples (5’)Text 2Because I could not stop for Death –He kindly stopped for me --The Carriage held but just Ourselves --And Immortality.We slowly drove -- He knew no hasteAnd I had put awayMy labor and my leisure too,For His Civility –We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess -- in the Ring --We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain --We passed the Setting Sun –…Since then -- 'tis Centuries -- and yetFeels shorter than the DayI first surmised the Horses' HeadsWere toward Eternity –Questions:1.Identify the poet and the title of this poem? (2’)2.Explain the underlined words (4’)3.What are the implications of “the School”, “the fields of Gazing Grain”, “the SettingSun”? (3’)4.How do you understand “Since then -- 'tis Centuries -- and yet / Feelsshorter than the Day” ? (3’)5.What are the speaker’s opinions about death? (3’)Text 3Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth.Then took the other, as just as fair,And having perhaps the better claim,Because it was grassy and wanted wear;Though as for that the passing thereHad worn them really about the same.And both that morning equally layIn leaves no step had trodden black.Oh, I kept the first for another day!Yet knowing how way leads on to way,I doubted if I should ever come back.I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I--I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.Questions:1.Please examine the poetic form (rhyme and meter) (2’)2.Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does thespeaker take? (3’)3.How do you understand the word “sigh”? (4’)4.What might the two roads stand for in the speaker’s mind? (4’)5.What is the theme of this poem? (2’)参考答案I.Multiple Choice (1’×15=15’)1. _C___2._B__3.__A__4.__B__5.__C___6.__D_7.__D__8._A__9.__B__ 10.__B___11._C__ 12.__D__ 13._A_ 14._C __ 15._D__II.Match the Column A with Column B (1’×10=10’)1.( c )2.( e )3.( i )4.( a )5.( h )6.( b )7.( d )8.( g )9.(j ) 10.( f )III.Define the following words within one phrase (2’×5=10’)(Any related information can be given marks)1. poetry without a fived beat or regular rhyme scheme, produced by Walt Whitman2. is the representative of transcedentalists, who believes in individualism andself-reliance and brings transcendentalism to New England3．is a humorist and satirist, who uses broad humor and biting social satire4．is on e of Thoreau’s masterpieces, which is the result of the author’s two years of living near Walden lake.5. is regarded as the classical poem of imagist poetry by Ezra Pound, conveying thetheme of the speaker’s sudden pleasure of finding some beautiful faces in the subwayIV.Simple Questions (5’×4=20’) (Answers should be to the points. 1 score fortime, 2 scores for features and 1 score for representative figures when defining theliterary terms)a)Puritan thoughts: to make pure their religious beliefs and practices, to restoresimplicity, to live a hard and disciplined life and oppose pleasure and arts.b)Transcendentalism is the climax of American Romanticism.First, the Transcendentalist placed emphasis on spirit, or the oversoul, as the mostimportant thing in the universe.Secondly, Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual.Thirdly, the Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic ofthe spirit.3. a. The letter’s meaning shifts as time passes. Originally intended to mark Hester asan adulterer, the “A”eventually comes to stand for “Able”or“Angel”.b. Besides Hester, Dimmesdale also ironed the letter A on his body, which provokedhis self-consciousness and showed his repent for what he did.c. Pearl, their baby, wore a green letter a in a piece of seaweed while playing on thebeach. This green letter A symbolizes vitality or new life, and also suggests herinheritance from her mother.4. a. direct treatment of the “thing”（no fuss, frill, or ornament）,b. exclusion of superfluous words（precision and economy of expression）,c. the rhythm of the musical phrase rather than the sequence of a metronome（free verse form and music）.V.Interpreting the following texts (45’)Text 11. The attraction of big city (2’)2. One is to fall into the saving hands and becomes better; secondly, she may admit themoral value of big city and becomes worse. (2’)3. Simile, metaphor and synecdoche (2’)4. The gleam of lights, a blare of sound, a roar of life, and a vast array of humanhives (4’)5. Naturalist attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presentingcharacters of low social and economic classes who were dominated by their environment and heredity. In this novel, the major female character Carrie Meeber is deeply influenced by the present environment and heredity, which leads to the result of her dynamic character.(5’) (the features of naturalism 3 scores, examples2 scores)Text 21. Emily Dickinson and “Because I Could not Stop for Death”(2’)2. He: death; civility: politeness; Recess: break Surmised: guessed (4’)3. They represent three stages of life. The school is the childhood and young age; the fields of gazing grain refers to the mature period and the setting sun the old age, that is the end of one’s life. (3’)4. Because this day is towards death, immortal and eternal (3’)5. Death is immortality (3’)Text 31. It is written in iambic tetrameter and rhymed abaab.(2’)2. Similarities: both of the roads are beautiful (fair)Differences: one is quiet and grassy, less-traveled; the other is trodden by many people and flatHe took the less-travelled road (3’)3. The word “sigh”is a tricky word. Because sigh can be interpreted into nostalgic relief or regret. If it is the relief sigh, then the difference means the speaker feels glad with the road he took. If it is the regret sigh, then the difference would not be good, and the speaker would be sighing in regret. Hence, sigh is ambigous here for the speaker is not showing whether his choice is right or wrong. (4’)4. The real road; the life road and the road in career (4’)5.Choice is inevitable but you never know what your choice will mean until you havelived it. This is also the theme of the poem. (2’)。

第四章英国启蒙运动阶段一、填空题1.The Graveyard Poets were a number of pre-Romantic English poets of the18th century characterized by their gloomy meditations on mortality in the context of the graveyard.A contemplative and mellow mood is achieved in the celebrated opening verse of Gray’s_____.【答案】Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard【解析】这首诗充满感伤情调，成为18世纪后期感伤主义诗歌的典范之作。

2.Swift is a master of_____,his satire is usually masked by an outward gravity andan apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful.【答案】satirist【解析】乔纳森·斯威夫特（1667—1745）是英国作家、政治家、讽刺文学大师，代表作品《格列夫游记》《一只桶的故事》。

3.It is simply for convenience that we study the18th century English literature in three main divisions:the region of_____,the revival of_____,and the beginning of _____.【答案】classicism;poetry;novel【解析】受启蒙运动的影响，18世纪英国文学出现新流派——新古典主义；18世纪后半期，前浪漫主义产生并逐渐取代新古典主义；小说产生于18世纪，并成为一个重要的文学体裁。

美国文学第二部分理性和革命时期文学历史背景众所周知，神学主宰了清教徒时期的美国文学，给当时人们思想影响也最深。

其次才是政治。

用书面或口头形式倡导的这些理念，鼓舞和指引了当时殖民地人们的行为。

其中大部分作者作为思想的引导者，理所当然地在美国独立战争中扮演了极其重要的角色。

托马斯·佩因声情并茂的《常识》和美国的《独立宣言》在取得战争胜利的过程中，同华盛顿、拉斐特的武装力量一样起到了同等重要的雄浑有力的作用。

如果没有托马斯·佩因的作品，很有可能就没有华盛顿领导的军队;没有托马斯·杰弗逊的作品，法国人就不可能帮助殖民地人民完成独立革命。

正在各州积极准备独立战争时，是政治家和文学家相互争论，才使得原来的十三州统一了认识。

他们必须联合起来，形成一个统一的联邦国家。

十八世纪的中期，殖民地的美国人不再是由一些分散的殖民者构成，他们的生活较之以前更为安稳。

随着殖民地的迅速扩大和发展，相邻的繁荣的各种殖民地逐渐形成，人们开始相互融合，逐渐呈现出一派欣欣向荣的景象。

这时人们习惯用“州”来取代以往的“殖民地”，“州”开始指代一个独立的政府，代表了当时的时代潮流，这也是人们政治思想转变的一个极其重要的信号。

这些州的人们生机勃勃，对生活充满了希望，自然资源丰富，本土工业开始迅速生根发芽。

同时文学活动也逐渐活跃起来。

波士顿仍是当时文化的中心，费城、纽约和弗吉尼亚州经过发展开始逐渐享有同波士顿同等重要的地位，这里政治家、文学家辈出，同波士顿比较起来也毫不逊色。

社会进步，尤其是工业的增长，直接加剧了殖民地与英国之间的矛盾。

英国政府不愿意让殖民地的工业迅速发展强大，以至同他们本土竞争。

他们希望这块土地在政治上、经济上永远隶属于英国。

他们采取一系列措施来防止殖民地独立，加强同英国本土联系。

在经济方面，英国要求殖民地出口原材料，然后从英国购回高成本的机器。

这无疑直接阻碍了殖民地的经济发展。

政治方面，他们要求这些殖民地由隔海相望的英国政府统一管理，殖民地必须交纳各种税收，但在议会中却并没有殖民地的代表。

第四章现实主义文学填空题1. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called ______, that is poetry withouta fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.【答案】free verse【解析】沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman，1810-1892）是美国著名诗人、人文主义者，他创造性地运用了诗歌的自由体（Free Verse），其代表作品是诗集《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）。

自由诗是诗体的一种，其结构自由﹐段数、行数、字数没有一定规格，语言有自然节奏而不用韵。

2. O. Henry’s ______ is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.【答案】The Gift of the Magi【解析】《麦琪的礼物》（The Gift of the Magi）是美国著名文学家欧·亨利的一篇短篇小说，它描写了一个感人的故事：在圣诞节前一天，一对小夫妻互赠礼物，结果阴差阳错，两人珍贵的礼物都变成了无用的东西，而他们却得到了比任何实物都宝贵的东西——爱3. In ______, Whitman’s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growing America.【答案】Song of Myself【解析】在惠特曼的《自我之歌》中他将自己早期的经历同一个正在成长中的美国等同起来。

4. In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, ______ gave America its first genuine epic poem.【答案】Walt Whitman【解析】《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）是十九世纪美国作家沃尔特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman）浪漫主义诗集。

吴伟仁《美国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）【圣才出品】第⼀章吴伟仁《美国⽂学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（⼀）I. Fill in the blanks1. ______, by Ezra Pound, employs the complex association of scholarly lore, anthropology, modern history and personages, private history and Witticism, and obscure literary interpolations in various languages.【答案】The Cantos【解析】庞德的《诗章》包罗万象，是庞德的代表作。

2. ______ was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 【答案】Washington Irving【解析】华盛顿·欧⽂是美国著名作家，他被誉为美国第⼀位浪漫主义散⽂⽂体作家。

3. The protagonist of Theodore Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire is ______.【答案】Frank Cowperwood【解析】西奥多·德莱塞的《欲望三部曲》（Trilogy of Desire）包括《⾦融家》（The Financier），《巨⼈》（The Titan），《斯多葛》（The Stoic）。

《欲望三部曲》的主⼈公是法兰克·柯帕乌（Frank Cowperwood）。

4. The great work ______ not only demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but also develops and tests Thoreau’s own transcendental philosophy.【答案】Self-Reliance【解析】富兰克林的《论⾃⽴》不仅表现了爱默⽣关于⾃⽴的思想，同时也表达了他的超验主义思想。

第五章20世纪美国文学填空题1. “Impersonal theory” of poetry was developed by ______, a famous poet as well as a distinguished literary critic.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】T. S. Eliot【解析】（“非个性化”理论是艾略特诗歌理论的核心内容，包括艺术情感、传统、客观对应物三个相互影响、相互制约的核心概念，“诗不是表现情感，而是逃避情感；不是表现个性，而是逃避个性。

”）2. In his ______, Ezra Pound expresses his fascination with Chinese history and the doctrine of Confucius. （天津外国语大学2011研）【答案】Cantos【解析】Ezra Pound在长诗《诗章》中阐述孔子学说，他的另一诗集Cathay《华夏》收集并翻译了十几首中国古诗。

3. Author ______ Title ______ （南京大学2009研）The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.【答案】Author: Ernest Hemingway Title: A Clean, Well-lighted Place【解析】题目节选自海明威的A Clean, Well-lighted Place（《一个干净明亮的地方》）。

这是海明威的一个短篇小说。

4. Author ______ Title ______ （南京大学2008研）His mother’s hand to uched his shoulder.“Does hit hurt?” she said.“Naw,” he said. “Hit don’t hurt. Lemme be.”【答案】Author: William Faulkner Title: Barn Burning【解析】题目节选自福克纳的Barn Burning（《烧牲口棚》）。

第二章盎格鲁-诺尔曼时期填空题1. ________ conquered England on October 14, 1066. From then on began the medieval period. （南开大学2008研）【答案】Duke of Normandy【解析】公元1066年，诺曼底公爵，或者叫William, the Conqueror（征服者威廉），占领英格兰，从此开始了中世纪时期。

2. In the year 1066, the Normans defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of ________.【答案】Hastings【解析】1066年黑斯廷之战，盎格鲁-撒克逊人溃败，诺曼征服开始。

3. After the _______ Conquest, feudal system was established in English society. 【答案】Norman【解析】诺曼征服后英国封建主义制度建立。

4. In the year 1066, the Normans defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the battle of _______. 【答案】Hastings【解析】1066年黑斯廷之战盎格鲁-撒克逊人溃败，诺曼征服开始。

5. By the time when England entered into feudal society, the society was divided into two classes: _______ and _______.【答案】landlords; peasants【解析】英国进入封建社会后社会分为地主和农民两大阶级。

选择题1. In 1066, _______, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius【答案】A【解析】1066年征服者威廉率领他的诺曼底军队打败英军成为英伦三岛的统治者。

美国文学史考试题第一部分：选择题（每题10分，共10题）1. 美国的英语文学起源于哪个时期？A. 开拓殖民时期B. 独立战争时期C. 革命战争时期D. 后现代主义时期2. 下列哪位作家被誉为美国南方文学的代表人物？A. 威廉·福克纳B. 纳撒尼尔·霍桑C. 马克·吐温D. 索尔·贝娄3. 哪位作家是美国失落一代文学的代表人物？A. 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德B. 约翰·斯坦贝克C. 伊莎贝尔·艾伦德D. 埃米莉·狄金森4. 以下哪本小说是托尼·莫里森的代表作？A. 《傻白甜心理学》B. 《百年孤独》C. 《百年孤寂》D. 《亲爱的安德烈》5. 下列哪本经典小说是赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的作品？A. 《百年孤独》B. 《白鲸记》C. 《傲慢与偏见》D. 《诺大卡尼亚号》6. 以下哪位作家是美国现代主义文学运动的重要代表人物？A. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙B. 《钢铁是怎样炼成的》C. 奥斯卡·王尔德D. 约翰·欧文7. 哪位作家被称为黑人文学的奠基人？A. 托尼·莫里森B. 朱莉娅·阿尔瓦雷兹C. 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔D. 菲利普·罗斯8. 美国浪漫主义文学的代表作是哪部？A. 《大卫·科波菲尔》B. 《老人与海》C. 《寻找失去的时光》D. 《丛林中的莫娜·利萨》9. 下列哪本小说是约翰·斯坦贝克的代表作？A. 《雾都孤儿》B. 《西游记》C. 《钢铁是怎样炼成的》D. 《愤怒的葡萄》10. 哪位作家是美国现代主义诗歌的代表人物？A. 罗伯特·佩斯B. 艾米莉·狄金森C. 西奥多·德莱塞D. 菲利普·罗斯第二部分：简答题（每题20分，共4题）1. 简要介绍美国哈莱姆文艺复兴运动及其对美国文学的影响。