五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练：专题13文娱与体育

英语专题目录一览表专题01冠词名词和主谓一致含解析专题02代词介词和介词短语含解析专题03形容词和副词含解析专题04动词和动词短语含解析专题05动词的时态和语态含解析专题06情态动词和虚拟语气含解析专题07非谓语动词含解析专题08定语从句含解析专题09连词和状语从句含解析专题10名词性从句含解析专题11特殊句式含解析专题12交际用语含解析专题13人物传记故事类含解析专题14新闻报道广告类含解析专题15社会生活说理议论类含解析专题16科普类说明文含解析专题17阅读新题型含解析专题18完形填空之记叙文含解析专题19完形填空之夹叙夹议含解析专题20完形填空之议论文和说明文类含解析专题21语法填空含解析专题22短文改错含解析专题23文字提纲式含解析专题24图画式含解析专题12 交际用语2018年高考题1.【2018·天津】5. —I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.—___________. Just let me know when, and I'll be there.A. You betB. It dependsC. Forget itD. No kidding【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。

句意：——我在几天内会搬家，我想知道你是否能帮忙。

——没问题，只需要让我知道什么时候，我就会到那儿。

A. You bet没问题；B. It depends看情况而定；C. Forget it算了吧；D. No kidding别开玩笑。

根据答句中的Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.可以判断：他/她一定会帮忙。

故选A。

点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句Just let me know whe n, and I’ll be there.，就不难选出正确答案。

专题03社会文化类【话题解读】“社会文化类”是高中英语课程标准中24话题之一，包括东西方文化交流、文化习俗、宗教信仰、婚丧嫁娶等风俗习惯、艺术等的传播、东西方社会礼仪的差别等方面。

通过本话题的学习与高考英语的考查，了解东西方以及不同民族之间的文化交流，掌握一定的社会礼仪知识，为将来走向社会打下基础。

【高考探究】“社会文化类”是高考英语常考话题之一，常在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达中出现。

例如：2018年新课标卷I阅读理解B篇，2018年新课标卷II 阅读理解D篇；2017年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇，2017年天津卷阅读理解C篇，2016年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇；2015全国卷Ⅰ书面表达；2014年陕西卷书面表达；2012年大纲全国卷Ⅰ完形填空等。

【典例剖析】The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as nece ssary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person inauthority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care­givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silen ce is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture­specific.D. It is content­based.【答案】C33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。

兴趣爱好指音乐、舞蹈、表演、体育运动、游戏(包括网络游戏)、集邮、阅读、烹饪、看电影、看电视、听收音广播、欣赏戏剧、音乐会、观光旅行、招待客人、访问博物馆、饲养宠物等.关于“兴趣爱好”这一话题，就基础写作而言，命题人可能要求考生介绍某一项兴趣爱好，写一份校园比赛的海报，给英国笔友写一封信描述自己如何度过课余时间等.就读写任务而言，命题人可能就家长如何培养孩子的兴趣爱好、电影与电视的优劣比较、现场看表演和看电视转播的比较、极限运动兴起的原因分析等话题发表看法.如：(1)你班进行了一次以“我的爱好”为主题的演讲比赛，请你谈谈你的爱好及缘由，并号召同学和你一起发展这项爱好.(2)假设你有一位英国笔友叫Jack，请你给他写一封信简介你在课余时间的兴趣爱好，并询问他在课余时间的兴趣爱好.(3)你想约志同道合的同学一起去参观自然博物馆，请你在布告板上写一份邀请函，包括自然博物馆的特点和参观博物馆的好处等.(4)现在很多学生都是“追星一族”，他们密切注视着明星们的一举一动.试分析当下流行文化对青少年兴趣爱好的影响.一.话题常用单词1.hobby爱好2.interest兴趣1.adore喜爱1.appreciate欣赏2.admire敬佩，欣赏1.affection喜爱2.adventure冒险8.collection收集9.explore探索10.amusement娱乐11.architecture建筑12.adaptation适应8.ambition决心8.taste口味9.assessment评估10.availability有效;有益11.amusement娱乐8.attend参加9.favorite最喜欢的8.appetite嗜好二.话题常用短语1.surf the internet上网2.chat online在线聊天1.enjoy popular music喜欢流行音乐2.be fond of/be keen on喜欢…3.have some hobbies有一些爱好4.be interested in对……感兴趣5.take an interest in对……感兴趣6.be crazy about...对……着迷e to like...越来越喜欢8.develop a great liking for...渐渐爱上1.be addicted to对……上瘾2.be hooked on喜欢3.fall for喜欢上4.prefer doing to doing与做某事相比更喜欢做某事15.would rather do than do宁愿做某事而不愿16.have a gift for有……天赋17.feel like doing想要做17.participate in参加18.spare time空余时间19.have a taste in有品位20.develop an interest in培养某方面的兴趣21.read novels读小说22.play football/basketball踢足球/打篮球23.play games玩游戏24.collect stamps集邮25.make e-friends交网友26.climb mountains爬山17.watch TV看电视三、参考语句话题常用句型1.I prefer watching a TV show to going to a concert.我宁愿看电视表演，而不愿去听音乐会.2.He goes for playing on-line games.他喜欢玩在线游戏.3.Shopping is my favorite hobby in my spare time.购物是我闲暇时最喜欢的爱好.2.I hate visiting museums, for I think they are boring.我讨厌参观博物馆，因为我觉得它们让人感到无趣.3.The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感.4.Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康.7. A proper part—time job does not occupy students'too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy forthem to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间.事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻.8. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论.9. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.必须指出学习只能靠自己.10.An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望.11.For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源.12. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老.13. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure lifestyle isundergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，悠闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事.14.The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years. 近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注.15.Furthermore, people who addict to fashion clothes have to spend more time going shopping andpay more attention to the impression they make on others.而且，沉湎于时尚服装的人们不得不花费更多时间逛商店，更加注意自己给别人的印象.16. As a result, it is impossible to devote enough time and energy in their study and job.因此，他们不可能有足够的时间用于学习或工作.【典例01】（2018·天津卷）假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友C hris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖.你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛.请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件.（1）比赛的时间、地点；（2）邀请他的原因；（3）训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议.注意：（1）词数不少于100；（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.参考词汇：世界青少年机器人技能竞赛the World Adolescent Robotics CompetitionDear Chris,I have good news to tell you.______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Jin【思路点拨】本篇书面要求写一封邀请信.写作的时候要注意以下几点：一、动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题.内容要点包括：1.代表兴趣小组发出邀请；2.介绍比赛的时间、地点等安排；3.说明邀请他的原因，包括Chris曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖；4.告诉他训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议.二、写作时注意准确运用时态，对于本文来说，以一般将来时为主，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次.【满分范文】Dear Chris,With this email I also send you our training plan,about which I wish to get your advice because you are more experienced than us.We sincerely hope that we can participate in the competitionas team partners.I’m looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Jin【典例02】（2017·新课标卷II）假定你是李华，想邀请邀请外教H enry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展.请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.展览时间、地点；2.展览内容.注意：1.词数 100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作指导】剪纸是中国的国粹，出现在作文中很常见，这种内容的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉.考生成文时应注意：1.要点要齐全：（1）时间和地点；（2）展览内容.2. 时态：以一般将来时为主；3. 人称：第一人称为主；4.注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅.5.适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次.【范文赏析】Dear Henry,It must have been heard by you that there’ll be an art exhibition organized to display elegantChinese paper-cuttings.Remembering your devotion to Ch inese culture, I’m writing to invite you to come with us.As for the timetable and specific information, the activity will be held next Wednesday at the stadium.One graphic scene to which you might readily relate is numerous charming paper-cuttings of distinctive appearance shown together along with splendid history of China. Owing to frequent media coverage,it is paper-cutting that has aroused huge attention.Not onlywill the works produced by eminent craftsmen be offered, but also some created by kids in kindergarten are planned to be included.Were I you,I wouldn’t miss this opportunity.What a delightful day it’ll be if you can come!YoursLi Hua【典例03】（2016·四川卷）某中学生英文报正举办“T he Season I Like Best”的征文活动.请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.你最喜欢的季节；2.你喜欢该季节的两条理由（如：气候、景色、活动、感受……）.注意：1.词数100左右；2.题目已为你写好；3.行文连贯，语篇完整；4.文中不得透露个人真实信息.The Season I Like Best____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路点拨】该篇书面表达是开放类命题作文，学生可以按照要点自由发挥.在写作本文时考生需注意以下几点：1.确定文章的文体：命题作文.2.确定文章的要点：你最喜欢的季节；你喜欢该季节的两条理由（如：气候、景色、活动、感受……）.3. 确定文章的布局.4.确定文章的时态，在本文中根据要求判断应该用一般现在时.5. 正确使用较高级词汇和多种句式，如定语从句，状语从句，主语从句等.6.准确使用一些恰当的连接成分以使语意更连贯.【满分范文】The Season I Like BestSpring,the symbol of beauty and hope,is the season I like best.I am fond of spring becauseit treats me poetic scenery of nature.Blooming flowers add vivid colors to my sight. Also, the symphony of all kinds of insects and birds brings aesthetic(美学的)harmony to me.What’s more, the gentle rain makes spring a fantasy world. And it’s because spring arouses everyone’s hopethat I’m keen on spring most. Look! The frozen ice is melting. Listen! All living creatures are waking up. Spring pictures a world where cold and death are fading away while warmth and lifeare coming back. Thus, everyone is bound to be filled with hope and love. I love spring, which can’t be too admirable and cherished.【典例04】你们班同学打算周六去爬香山.请给外教Chris写一封英文信，邀请他参加此次活动.具体内容如下： 1.时间：8a.m—5p.m;2.集合地点：校门口;3.交通工具：公交车;4.携带物品：雨具，午餐，相机.注意：1.词数不少于50;2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.Dear Chris，________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours,Joe【思路点拨】本题是一篇应用文.作文要点已经给出，包含：1.时间：8a.m—5p.m；2. 集合地点：校门口；3.交通工具：公交车；4.携带物品：雨具，午餐，相机.可以分段分别论述所给要点，注意作文的连贯性，做到流畅、自然.最好使用第一人称和一般将来时来写.【满分范文】Dear Chris，We are planning to climb the Xiangshan Hill this Saturday and sincerely invite you to go with us.We will get together at the school gate at 8am and probably come back at5 pm. To make ita green travel,we will take the bus there.You’d better take your camera to record the beautifulscenery. And don’t forget to take some food, because we plan to have lunch on the top of the hill. Remember, take your umbrella or raincoat in case it rains.If you can join us, we will be very happy.Yours,Joe 【典例05】（2016·北京卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华.你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物.请你给 Jim回信，内容包括：1.该人物是谁；2.该人物的主要贡献；3.该人物对你的影响.注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.Dear Jim,It’s great to hear from you. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua【思路点拨】本文要求考生以李华的身份给英国朋友Jim写信，介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物.文章要使用第三人称和一般现在时为主的时态.要点：1.该人物是谁；2.该人物的主要贡献；3. 该人物对你的影响.在写作时，注意书信的格式以及过渡用语的正确使用；同时尽量使用熟悉的词汇及短语，尤其注意不要出现中国式英语，恰当使用一些复合句或者谚语以增加获得高分的可能性.【满分范文】Dear Jim,It’s great to hear from you.I feel proud to know your interest in Chinese history. As for试题习题、尽在百度my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi(Maps and Records of the World), introduced moderntechnologies andideas to China. That opened our eyes to the world. In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college and to be a bridge between China and the world.Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know. Cheers!Yours,Li Hua（1）假设你是李华，你们学校下周举办英语艺术节.请根据下边的节目安排调整表，给外教老师 Dave 写一 封 100 词左右的电子邮件，告知他调整的内容并给出你认为恰当的理由.Schedule for English Art FestivalDateTimeActivitiesPlace14:00—15:00English Talk ShowArt TheaterJan 6th13:30—14:3015:00—16:0016:00—17:00English Speech Contest LibraryEnglish Corner Playground________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】Dear Dave,I ’m sorry to inform you that there are two changes to the schedule for English Artstival.FeFirst, there will be a very important meeting after lunch in our school, so English Talk Showwill be put off by 30 minutes. That is, it starts at 14:00 and ends at 15:00. Second, the placewhere the English Corner will be held is to be changed from Playground to the School Hall becausethe weather report says it ’s going to rain that afternoon. In order to have the Festival going．．．．． ．．well, we have to do the changes.Please come and join us on time.We are all expecting you!Yours,Li Hua【写作指导】这是一篇开放式作文，要求根据表格内容写信告知D ave节目安排调整的内容和时间并给出理由，学生首先要根据表格内容找出变化的时间，地点，再用适当的语言表述出来.文章应该使用一般将来时和第一人称.写作时尽量使用多种句型结构，使句式富于变化，增加文章的亮点.此外，为了使文章衔接紧凑，自然流畅，还要注意关联词、插入语的使用.【素材积累】此文语言流畅，言简意赅，要点齐全.关联词语运用得恰到好处，使整个语篇衔接紧密,逻辑清楚.而短文中较多高级词语和句式的使用也提升了文章的得分档次.关联词语：first,second, finally等.亮点词汇：schedule,gain, in order to, on time, put off，that is等.高级句式：because引导的原因状语从句；says后面是宾语从句等.（2）假如你热衷集邮，但家长并不支持，于是你向一个学生心声的专栏写信咨询解决的办法.内容包括：1.你的意见：(1)增长知识；(2)减压；(3)挣钱.2.家长意见：(1)浪费钱；(2)占了学习时间.注意：1.词数不少于100；2.可以适当增加细节.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】Dear Sir，However，my parents are strongly against it for they consider it as a waste of money and theyalso think that sorting out my stamps may take up too much of my time，which should be spent on my studies.I don’t want to argue with them any more. Could you help me out?Looking forward to your early reply!A Worried Reader 【写作指导】这篇书面表达是书信类写作，语言一定要准确简洁、通俗易懂、逻辑性强、结构多变、节奏感强.题目已经要求内容包括你的意见和家长的意见，每个要点又包含次要点，因此重点是将所要表达的语言点都表达到位，不要遗漏了某一点.同时应尽量选择自己最熟悉的单词、句型来表达自己的意思.在写作过程中注意使用起承转合的连词和高级词汇，这样作文就能得到比较高的分数.【素材积累】此文语言流畅，言简意赅，要点齐全.关联词语运用得恰到好处，使整个语篇衔接紧密,逻辑清楚.而短文中较多高级词语和句式的使用也提升了文章的得分档次.关联词语：besides,what’s more等.亮点词汇：valuable,As far as I’m concerned,a meaningful hobby, a waste of money,sort out, take up too much of my time, argue with等.高级句式：helping me to know a lot.现在分词作状语，not only…but also…结构；my parents are strongly against it for they consider it as a waste of money and they also think that sorting out my stamps may take up too much of my time，which should be spent on my studies.which引导非限制性定语从试题习题、尽在百度句等.（3）培养孩子的兴趣爱好是非常必要的，但现在有很多家长一味地追求子女的多才多艺，迫使孩子学习他们不感兴趣的东西，请你以大约120个词谈谈对这种现象的看法，内容包括：(1)你是否赞同上述家长的做法；(2)以你或你朋友的经历说明你的观点；(3)呼吁家长们要尊重孩子的意愿.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】Today’s children are lucky to have many opportunities to develop their talents.But on the other hand，a lot of parents push their children too hard.Therefore,parents should see the bad effects from their over-effort to cultivate children’stalents. Parents are supposed to help children learn what they are interested in. Only in this way can they learn well and be happy!【写作指导】这篇书面表达是提纲类作文，话题是针对现在家长一味地让学生培养兴趣的问题，要点包括：(1)你是否赞同上述家长的做法；(2)以你或你朋友的经历说明你的观点；(3)呼吁家长们要尊重孩子的意愿.基本时态应该为一般现在时态.写作时考生需注意适当地使用一些过渡性的连接词，使行文流畅贯通.同时也要注意整个语篇的层次，即要分好段落,不能是一段式的.最后，在用词上尽量做到准确达意,，并选用一些高级词汇,句式要丰富多样，避免单调.亮点点击：关联词：however,on the other hand，therefore等;亮点词汇：push their children too hard,find it a burden等;高级句式：what引导宾语从句；Only in this way can they learn well and be happy!倒装句等.（4）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Helen正在写一篇关于各国中学生课外阅读情况的调查报告.她给你发了一封邮件，想了解相关情况.请你根据以下提示，给她回一封电子邮件：1.你校学生课外阅读的现状；2.原因分析；3.你的看法.注意：1.根据所给提示，适当发挥，要求内容充实，语意连贯；2.词数120左右.开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数；3.邮件中不得提及考生所在的学校和本人姓名.参考词汇：课外阅读extra-curricular readingDear Helen’Thank you for your email. Now I would like to tell you something____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes!Yours,Li Hua【范文】Dear Helen,Thank you for your email. Now I would like to tell you something about the extracurricular reading in our school.I’m sorry to say that most of the students in our school haven’t realizedthe importance of reading,especially extracurricular reading, as a result, the time and energystudents devoted to reading are very limited. Besides, some students prefer to read cartoons, magazines and newspapers rather than classic reading materials.I think the reasons behind that are various.First of all, quite a lot of students are burdenedwith too much homework. Still others haven’t formed a habit of reading.They would rather spend their spare time on TV or on the Internet.However,reading has many benefits.Through reading we can learn more about the world.Reading can help us think better and make our life more colorful.So it is quite necessary for the studentsto take up reading and for the teachers to limit the amount of our homework so that we can have more time to read.Best wishes!YoursLi Hua 【写作指导】考查半开放性作文写作.半开放性作文给出了一个话题，并有部分的文字提示.给考生自由发挥的余地较大.对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力.这篇作文是关于中学生课外阅读情况的调查报告.考生可以从本校学生的阅读情况入手，每天阅读时间为多少，一个月要读多少本书等等.分析原因可以从学习的时间太长，留给阅读的时间不够等.在保证内容要点全部概括的基础上可以充分发挥自己的想象，进而用自己的语言来表达某种观点或看法，增添了写作的灵活性，同时能较好地考查考生的想象能力和英语语言表达能力.首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在你的能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，因为这样你才可以更好的驾驭.同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体，如besides, further,last but not least等.在发表个人观点的时候，可以使用谚语来提升整个文章的档次和文采，也能增加得高分的可能性.【亮点说明】所给范文语言简洁，应用了一些较好的词组和句子：as a result因此,prefer to do…rather than do…宁愿做…而不愿…，be burdened with负担，form a habit of形成…，the time and energy students devoted to reading are very limited.这句话用了定语从句，So it is quite necessary for the students to take up reading and for the teachers to limit the amount of our homework so thatwe can have more time to read.这句话用了it做形式主语和so that句型.还有范文使用了B esides,First of all, However,这样的关联词使文章更加连贯.（5）假设你是王磊，最近，你的笔友David沉迷于网络小说，难以自拔，他向你求助，请按下列要点给对方写一封信：1.阐述网络小说的危害；2.提出建议和解决办法；3.表达信心.词数：120词左右.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯.Dear David,I’m worried about the situation you are faced with.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours,Wang Lei【范文】Dear David，I’m worried about the situation you are faced with, in which you find it difficult to get rid of the habit of reading online novels.Slightly as reading online might relieve us,spending too much time on it is a waste of time. Meanwhile, we are more likely to suffer from failing eyesight if staring at it frequently. Therefore, I can’t wait to give you some suggestions,for fear that you would deserve to have a great loss in your study. As we all know, we, senior 3students, must take advantage of every minute every day. You can relax yourself by reading some materials in a certain period of time, for example, lunch break. For the rest of the day,you’d better value it more efficiently.I’m willing to wait for your good news, and you can make it, can’t you?Yours ,Wang Lei【写作指导】本题要求写一则关于书法展的通知，要点包含1.阐述网络小说的危害；2.提出建议和解决办法；3.表达信心.使用第二人称和一般现在时.写作时考生需注意适当地使用一些过渡性的连接词，使行文流畅贯通.同时也要注意整个语篇的层次，即要分好段落,不能是一段式的.最后，在用词上尽量做到准确达意,，并选用一些高级词汇,句式要丰富多样，避免单调.。

专题06时文报道类在信息时代的今天，我们必须关注国内外的重要事件。

因而时文报道类(也称新闻报道类)文章也是阅读理解中必不可少的。

时文报道类文章一般以记叙文为主。

文章的特点是用非常简练的语言清楚地向读者阐述一件事。

这类文章的写作思路往往是这样的：简述某个事件(何时、何地、何人、何事、结果)——具体描述该事件(细节内容)——作者或其他人的看法和评价。

不过，在表达方式上，作者会运用各种表达方式，如倒叙、插叙等，思维的跳跃性较大。

另外，这种文章中往往出现大量的陌生的人名或地名，在阅读时，要学会排除干扰。

时文报道类是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。

如2018年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇；2018年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇； 2018年新课标卷III 阅读理解C篇等【高考探究】高考试题经常以阅读理解的形式出现新闻报道类的文章。

【典例剖析】A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzy’s mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.However, she quickly discovered her arms weren’t strong enough, so she stamped on her father’s chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: ＂I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn’t strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.＂＂She’s a little star,＂ said Debbie. ＂I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can’t believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we’ve got to see an expert.＂Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest .A.to express her helplessnessB.to practise CPR on himC.to keep him awakeD.to restart his heart2.What’s the right order of the events?①Izzy kicked Colm.②Debbie called 999.③Izzy learned CPR.④Colm’s heart stopped.A.③①②④B.④②③①C.③④②①D.④③①②3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?A. What Colm suffered.B. Colm’s present condition.C. What caused Colm’s allergy.D. Symptoms of Colm’s allergic reaction.4.Why does the author write the news?A. To describe a serious accident.B. To prove the importance of CPR.C. To report a 9-year-old girl’s brave act.D. To call people’s attention to allergic reaction.【语篇解读】本文为新闻报道。

专题08健康饮食类＂饮食与健康＂是高中英语新课标话题当中非常重要的两个话题，饮食与健康自古以来都是人们所关心的重大问题，尤其是随着社会进步和人们物质生活水平的提高，食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们空前的关注，因此顺应时代潮流，高考英语对这两个话题更是有所体现。

由于饮食与健康是热点话题，高考英语中对这两个话题会涉及较多的考查内容，常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式出现，例如2018年新课标卷II阅读理解B篇，2017年新课标卷I 语言知识运用的第二节（语法填空），2016年四川卷阅读理解D篇，2016年全国卷Ⅲ七选五，2015年广东卷基础写作，2015课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇，2013新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇等。

Passage 1（2018年新课标卷II）Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in ab undance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, s elect ripe bananasfor freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.1. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.2. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.3. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.4. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.【文章大意】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。

专题13 文娱与体育＂文娱与体育＂是高中英语新课标话题之一，亦是高考常考话题，历年高考英语都可觅其踪迹。

本话题包括影视剧、体育活动和比赛、锻炼等方面。

通过该话题的学习和考查，可以让学生初步了解电影电视剧作、重视体育锻炼、了解国内外重大体育赛事等，促进他们的爱国热情。

在近几年的高考英语当中，该话题常以听力、阅读理解、书面表达等形式出现，例如2017年新课标卷III书面表达，2016年全国卷III完形填空，2016年天津卷完形填空，2016年四川卷阅读理解A篇，2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇，2015年全国卷Ⅱ七选五及完形填空；2015年北京卷书面表达，2014年大纲卷阅读理解E篇，2014年江西卷阅读理解A篇等。

Passage 1（2018年·北京卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文己第一次跑马拉松 338 ★★☆☆☆5分钟My First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.38. How was the author’s first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.39. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。

专题07史地常识类历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择。

文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代；命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。

阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。

如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。

附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。

＂历史与地理＂是高中英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。

本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。

通过＂历史与地理＂这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。

【高考探究】近几年的高考英语中，＂历史与地理＂这个话题屡见不鲜。

在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如2018年新课标卷III阅读理解B篇；2017年浙江卷阅读理解C篇；2016年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等。

【相关词汇】Ⅰ.必记单词1. attack vt.进攻；袭击2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪3. escape vi.逃跑4. feed vt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供5. local adj.当地的→ locate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → location n.地点；位置6. native adj.本地的；本国的7. raise vt.饲养；提高8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁Ⅱ.阅读识记单词12.abolish vt. 废除13.aggression n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密15.distribute vt.发放；分发→ distribution n.分配；配给16.drought n .干旱17.dynasty n .朝代18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptionn.爆发19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的20.foggy adj.有雾的→ fog n.雾21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freeze vi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的22.geography n .地理23.historic adj.历史的；有历史意义的→ history n.历史→ historical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的24.historical adj.与历史有关的25.incident n .事变26.independence n .独立27.invade vt.侵略28.monument n .纪念碑29.mountainous adj.多山的30.occupy vt.占领；使忙碌31.origin n .起源；由来32.religion n .宗教33.religious adj.宗教的34.remote adj.偏远的；偏僻的35.racial adj. 种族的36.revolution n .革命37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲38.shortage n .缺乏39.shower n .阵雨；淋浴40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给41.terrify vt.使恐怖42.urban adj.城市的；都市的43.weapon n .武器II.高频短语1.at war在交战中2.be located in/lie in坐落于/位于3.be rich in富含；盛产4.be separate from与……分离5.be surrounded by被……包围/环绕着6.break out(战争、火灾等)爆发7.clear up清理；清除；天气转晴8.date from起源于；追溯到；始于9.declare war on对……宣战10.defend against抵御11.in peace和平地12.in the long run从长远来看13.take on呈现；接受(工作)；开始雇用14.turn against背叛15.vote for/against投票支持/反对III.固定句型1.so...that...Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage. 有时候，微笑的力量会如此强大以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题13：夹叙夹议文类阅读理解一、阅读理解（共2题；共18分）1.（2018•卷Ⅲ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

DAdults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.（1）What do the words "more is more" in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.（2）What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A. Saving up for her holidayB. Raising money for a poor girlC. Adding the money to her fundD. Giving the money to a sick mother（3）Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A. To try out an ideaB. To show a parent's loveC. To train his attentionD. To help him start a hobby（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Take It or Leave ItB. A Lesson from KidsC. Live More with LessD. The Pleasure of Giving【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）A（4）C【考点】主旨大意题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，教育文化类，夹叙夹议【解析】【分析】本文通过夹自身的经历谈论人们并不是拥有东西越多越好，在家庭教育中，要在孩子很小的时候灌输一种用更少的物品活出更精彩的生活来的观念，从而在简单的东西中寻找到生活的快乐。

专题04科普知识与现代技术“科普知识与现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。

该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。

科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。

总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。

点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。

【高考探究】“科普知识与现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。

【典例剖析】（2017年·新课标卷II）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than thosefor pilots of larger planes. Terrafugiasays an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It burns too much fuel.30. What is the govern ment’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s First FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to Reality【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。