上海市宝山区2019届高三高考二模英语试题及答案(Word版)

宝山区2018学年第二学期期中学科质量检测高三年级英语试卷2019.04 考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写( 非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Thursdays and FridaysB. Tuesdays and Fridays.C. Tuesdays and Thursdays.D. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays.2. A. Her sister's. B. Her Aunt's.C. Her mother's.D. Her brother's3. A. Help the company choose graduate students.B. Contact the computer company next week.C. Get a part-time job on campus before graduation.D. Apply for a job in the computer company.4. A See a doctor as soon as possible.B. Stay in bed for a few days.C. Get treatment in a better hospital.D. Make a phone call to the doctor.5. A. She picked up the book from the bus floor.B. She is able to help the man out.C. She also needs an extra textbook.D. She can find the right person to help the man.6. A.The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C. The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D. The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come7. A. She thinks the man is too tired to go to the movie.B. She really wants to go to the movie.C. She would like to go to the class with the man.D. She does not want to go to the movie.8. A.She doesn't remember much about HangzhouB. She has never been to Hangzhou before.C. She knows someone else who could help him.D. She'd be very happy to talk lo the man later.9. A.The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.B. The woman hod forgotten Mark's phone number.C. The woman made a phone call lo Mark yesterdaysD. Mark and (he woman hadn't been in touch for some lime.10. A. She has teamed a lot from the novel.B. She also found the plot difficult to followC. She has difficulty remembering names.D, She recalled the names of characters in the novel.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He will be an intelligent student.B. He may not be an intelligent student.C. He will score better in exams.D He will not be a good student.12. A. Through his teachers.B. Through his deeds in the classroom.C.Through his appearance.D. Through his reaction to different situations.13. A. Not to judge a boy only by his taking notes.B. Not to make the mistake of thinking a young man stupid.C. Not to overestimate a student's intelligence.D. Not to judge a person's intelligence by his appearanceQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A.You can increase your happiness levels by attending the classes.B. Most of us are happier than our parents since we cam more.C. Earn more than you can if you want to be happy.D. Both Bill Gates and Kerry Packer are rich but unhappy.15. A. Always think highly of yourself and help others.B. Compare yourself to a famous person.C. Compare yourself to people who are inferior to you.D. Earn more than your bank account16. A. Happiness is everything.B. Wealth is the foundation of hapinessC. Fun is another form of happiness.D. Money doesn't always mean happiness.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because there were too many vehicles on the road.B. Because the driver in front of her caused an accident.C. Because she almost got into an accident this morning.D. Because the drivers didn't use polite manners while driving18. A. He doesn't care much about itB. He pays special attention to itC. It's just for inexperienced drivers.D. It's really a big deal to him.19. A. He thought she was mindful of other drivers.B. He became too angry to keep calm for that.C. He really felt very grateful when he heard itD. He thought she shouldn't have said like that.20. A. Buy a car.B.Change her job.C. Take bus oftenD. Learn driving etiquette.II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers (21)________ tons of questions. People keep reading or watching (22)________ they want to find out what happens! Bur curiosity also provides many practical benefits,Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question.Many of history greatest discoveries (23)_______ (make) by curious people. People wondered (24)________ processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology_ (25)________ (help) them.Even if you don't plan to be an inventor of researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you'll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if you re no longer a student, curiosity will make you better (26)________ (inform) and thus a more capable worker.What do you do if you’re not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. If you act like you're curious, you'll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the (27)________ (interesting) it becomes.As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read avariety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don't always get your information from the same source. Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions (28)________ they express.Ask a lot of questions, Remember, everyone knows (29)________ that you don't. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge.In the classroom or out of it (30)________ (develop) curiosity is sure to be worthwhile.Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accessingB. nonessentialC. apparentD. technologyE. assignedF. contactG. particularlyH. addictionI. associated J. automatically K. contributingWhen was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you've been using (31)________ like a cellphone. While some generations can recall the days of memorizing phone numbers,it's possible that members of Generation Z have never had to remember a single (32)________. Why is this? Because smart phones offer quick and convenient ways for storing and (33)________ information. There is no need. to memorize anything. But this isn't without consequence. As digital devices develop, more and more users' heavy reliance on them may be having disabling effects. «Digital dementia (失智) is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects.Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement and optimal brain performance, are taking a closer look at this effect, Kwik describes digital dementia like this: “...we're (34)________ our brains to our smart devices. We re so reliant on our smartphones that our smart phones are making us stupid. As medical studies chart the decline in memory and. cognitive skills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms (35)________ with dementia.”The seriousness of overuse becomes(36)________ when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. Author and speaker Simon Sinek points out that young minds Are not ready for it! Their minds can not cope with the dopamine (多巴胺)." Consequently, the overstimulation of screens and sounds lead to (37)________ more often than not. So now parents, teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx (汇集) of young people with this kind of addiction.* First, monitor your cellphone use. Keep downloading applications like Forest or Checky. Then cut back on any (38)________ usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone.* Determine (39)________ areas for cellphone use. For example, while you re at home, only allow yourself to check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isn't (40)________ filled with staring at your screen.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Serendipity - an unexpected delight is the word that comes to mind when describing the seven-day hike my wife and I recently did in the wild and undeveloped northwest coast of Galicia, Spain.Simply (41)________, anyone who is adventurous, loves traveling to Europe and is fit enough to do 10-mile hikes should seriously consider doing this hike.Before this experience, I had never heard about On Foot Holidays programs that allow hikers to go at their own pace, with maps and detailed hiking (42)________, but without a guide or other travelers, while still enjoying a high level of local support.What (43)________ caught my attention was an announcement about On Foot Holidays' newest hike, the Light House Way, which they described as a journey along the last (44)________ coast of Europe. This particular hike sounded both challenging and rewarding enough to (45)________ a tryOn Foot Holidays booked our lodging each night and (46)________ a taxi to take our baggage to the next destination,so we just had to carry our daypack essentials. Each day we(47)________ or spoke with the company's local expert who was available (48)________ emergency, but whose main function was to keep us informed about the daily weather forecast. and to make special taxi arrangements when we decided to (49)________ a couple of 14-mile hikes to less than10 miles.The (50)________ of the trails and scenery made every hike a delight. One of our hikes followed a narrow trail along a steep, rocky cliff (51)________ the steel-blue waters of the Atlantic Ocean that thrash against jagged rocks hundreds of feet below us. We stopped to picnic and watch the only living things we saw that whole day: a herd of goats above us, and a group of dolphins jumping in the waves below: In the distance, many of mountain peaks (52)________ sparkling wind turbines (涡轮机) like candles on a cake.Silence and loneliness were the features of each day"s accommodation. The only sounds we heard were birds singing, the wind blowing through trees or the waves breaking against the shoreline. The air was clean and the temperature brisk, with frequent (53)________ of cloudy, cool, windy and rainy weather interspersed (点缀) with glorious bursts of sunshine.There was remarkably little lit the exception being spots along the shore where ocean currents (54)________ mostly fishing items.My wife and I realized that we are pilgrims' searching for meaning. awareness and joy on our journey through life, and our Galician hiking (55)________ I had moved us further down that path in ways we won't forget.41. A. lost B. moved C. urged D. put42. A. strings B. instructions C. devices D. materials43. A. initially B. gradually C. smoothly D. firmly44. A.recommended B.developed C.unspoiled D.discovered45. A. warrant B. provide C. imagine D. evaluate46. A. prepared for B. arranged for C. paid for D. turned to47. A. negotiated B. discussed C.contacted D. texted48. A. in addition to B. in need of C. in case of D. in favour of49. A. shorten B. extend C. decrease D. expand50. A. appearance B. variety C. character D. route51. A. displaying B. reflecting C. following D. overlooking52. A. established B. lightened C. sported D. structured53. A. changes B. intervals C. adaptions D. interactions54. A. stretched B. withdrawn C. floated D. deposited55. A. experience B technique C. investigation D. experimentSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Many people prefer eating out instead of cooking at home. A change appears to be taking place, though, and millennials are leading the way. According to one survey, more young people are starting to cook at home for three basic reasons: They can save money, eat healthy and waste less food.Popular TV chefs are also getting millennials excited about learning some basic cooking skills. Many millennials view cooking as a form of entertainment and self- expression. They proudly post pictures of their cooking creations on Facebook or Instagram, and invite friends over to share the cooking experience.Many millennials have also found ways to avoid wasting food. After roasting a chicken, they put the leftover bones in their freezer instead of the garbage can. Later, they use the bones to make chicken stock which is an important ingredient in many dishes.They also hate throwing out fruit that's too old. To avoid that situation, they bake ripe fruit like berries and bananas for 15 minutes at 175 degrees c. Then they freeze it overnight. After that, they place the fruit in plastic bags and store it their freezer for later use.Now any millennials only eat at restaurants that have excellent food-waste policies. These servants use every part of the vegetables they buy, including their stems and. rots, in dishes, They also use beef, chicken and pork bones to make their own stock.Millennials also reduce food waste by only buying what they require. Before going to a market, they write down what they need and don't buy anything else. They way they won't purchase more food than they can consume.56. What is the main subject of this article?A. A cooking trend that has attracted millennials.B.A plan that mllennials have for donating food.C.A novel cooking technique that millennials like.D. A food production system favored by millennials.57. What do milllennials with fruit before freezing it?A. Mix it with other ingredients in a bowl.B. Carefully remove the skin and seeds from it.C. Use a sharp knife to chop it up into pieces.D. Put it in an oven at the proper temperature.58. According to this article, when do millennials make careful choices?A. When they dine out togetherB. Whey they vote for candidatesC. When they choose an employerD. When they plant a new garden59. According to this article, how do millennials avoid purchasing too much food?A They select small cans and packages.B. They prepare a practical shopping list.C. They leave their credit cards at home.D. They weigh produce before buying it(B)Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children's health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediastrics released online.The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations safety assessment retesting all previously approved chemicals.Leonard Trasande ,the author of the policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?A: Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of science suggests some food. additives can interfere with a child's hormones, growth and development.Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more relative to body weight. than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.Q: What additives does the statement highlight?A The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include:* Bisphenols, such as BPA used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans. can act likeestrogen (雌激素)in the body wh ịch may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned. in baby bottles.* Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, may affect male genital development increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings60. According to the American Academy of Pediatric's report, people should ________ to copewith the problem of food additives.A. try to avoid food additives in daily life and revise relevant rules on food additivesB. update the food safety assessment program and check the approved chemicals againC. improve the food additives regulatory system and retest all approved chemicalsD. reduce the usage of food additives and establish new food protection system61. Leonardo Trasande holds the view that food additives do more harm to children than adultsbecause study shows________.A. children are more sensitive to what they eat and drink than adultsB. children usually eat and drink more unhealthy food than adultsC. children are just too young and weak to protect themselvesD. children's organs are easier to be damaged and hard to recover62. How many specific kinds of harmful effect caused by the additives are mentioned in the passage?A. 2B.7C.8D.3CThe koala is an unusual creature. Native to Australia and a bitbigger than a rabbit,it spends most of its time in eucalyptus trees (桉树),feeding on leaves that are poisonous to nearly every other animal on theplanet.The koala sleeps about 22 hours a day and spends theremainder of its time eating and resting. It might spend 10 minutes a daymoving, experts say, usually from one tree to another. It has a soft pad atthe end of its spine and extra thick fur on its rear end to make the effort,of siting more comfortable.Threats and protective measuresThe unique lifestyle of the koala has helped it prosper, but today the cute and iconic creature is facing threats from habitat loss, disease and a changing climate.Koala populations are expected to decline by 50 percent in the next 20 years according to the Australian Museum.To help protect these animals, which bring in an estimated $1.1 billion to Australia each year through koala-related tourism, an international team of researchers has published the first complete genome (基因组) of the koala.Their hope is that the keys to the marsupial's (有袋动物) long-term survival might be planted in its genetic code.The ultimate goal is that we won't have to.. .rescue them from the edge of extinction, " saidRebecca Johnson of the Australian Museum Research Institute in Sydney, who led thework.“Now we have a really good understanding of the koala genome, and we are in a fan tastic position to use thatknowledge to help us manage them.”Early findingsAn elementary analysis of the koala's genome, published in Nature Genetics, has already yielded some interesting findings.For example, the authors found that, compared to other mammals, the koala's DNA includes an expansion in the number of genes that encode for enzymes involved in anti-poison. That allows them to have. a diet that depends almost entirely on eucalyptus leaves, which are unusually high in poison. However, it also means that koalas metabolize (代谢) medicines like anti-chlamydia antibiotics faster than other animals.The koala genome also revealed why koalas are such famously picky eaters. They are known to consume leaves from just 20 of Australia's 60 known eucalyptus species. And even when they are in one of their preferred tees,koalas take leaf selection very seriously. Information waiting to be discoveredJohnson said that the information encoded in the koala's DNA is already being included in management strategies by conservation groups. However, she said the findings described in the new paper represent the early stages of what can be gleamed from the marsupial's genome.“The data is public, and I would love for anyone to start mining it and see what other amazing things they can find," she said. Once you have a genome of this quality, the sky's the limit with what you can do with it.”63. What can be concluded from the passage?A. The research on the Koala's DNA has prevented its extinction successfullyB. Scientists are trying to rescue Koalas by providing more eucalyptus leaves.C. Koala's extinction is being controlled effectively in Australia.D. Scientists are trying to find a way based on Koala's gene to save them.64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Koalas can digest poisonous leaves thanks to their gene.B. Koalas are particular about leaves because of their taste.C. Koalas are being extinct just due to human's activitiesD. Koalas will move to other continents in order to survive.65. The sky's the limit in the last sentence most probably means ________.A. The sky is the restrictionB. The sky is too high to reachC. There is no limitD. There is no possibility66. The passage is mainly about ________.A. Koala-a Special Creature in AustraliaB. scientific research on KoalasC. scientific efforts to save the KoalasD. Koala's Characters and PreferenceSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Can just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. (67)__________ Don't wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you’ll want to keep going.Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?Clean up the community! People often throw liter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood' use a cleanup?Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn't have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year,or you could clean a smaller area every few months. (68)__________.Include the isolated Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks.(69)__________ . By letting them borrow your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that's what communities are for!(70)__________. Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as posible.Small businesses hold the key to employed happiness As the calendar flips to another year, many employees"will consider string the new year on the hunt for a new job.In today's changing workforce, it is more important than ever for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to attract or retain strong employees.According to a survey by Aflac. small business deserve a round of applause for their ability to keep employees happy. The report fond that 85 percent of small-business employees are happyin their current job. and more than half (51 percent) agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a result of working for a small business.Nearly a quarter of participants (23 percent) stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business. Small businesses have the unique ability to make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level.In a small-business environment, there are typically fewer layers between newcomers and leadership. This tight-knit structure can create a family-like atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business mission.Flexibility is also vital in creating employee happiness According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible scheduling was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that promotes healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can also increase productivity.Although small business excel at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only motivator. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.By offering a great benefits plan than includes voluntary benefits, small business can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their individual needs.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.“爱你的邻居”对每个人而言都是:项艰巨的任务。

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What comes first: the optimism or the good health?Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.A recent study suggests that most people can’t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.Keys:Despite the claim that optimism benefits fitness, scientists are uncertain. O’Brien’s study indicates it’s human nature to expect a promising future. For instance, those with positive futureplans were more likely to achieve happiness, yet those having/with negative ones didn’t expect unhappiness. Above all, optimism may not necessarily precede good healthIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation （退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world o n a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also c elebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.Keys:Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need --- crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic（长期的）loneliness.The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in their late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties.Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health,and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has been flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Keys:Socializing with people is believed to be the key to happiness, but more people are suffering from loneliness/isolation. According to a study, loneliness peaks in three age stages. Lack of social contact caused by modern lifestyles/convenience makes people feel lonely. As loneliness affects health seriously, it’s necessary to try to reduce it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Holding Parents Responsible—An Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents’ part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids’behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, littleevidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents’ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.Keys:Arguments about parental responsibility laws arise in states. Firstly, it’s unfair to punish those parents without fault in their children’s crimes. Moreover, jailing parents may cause more crime and punish other family members as they couldn’t control their kids or support families. Finally, threatening to punish parents of uncontrollable children means nothing to their parental ability.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned fro m school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signed paper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library.Keys:Schools are troubled by the problem whether certain books should be banned from their libraries. Some argue that those books with violence or bad words in should be banned and certain standards in judging books is essential. Others believe that it is paren ts’ responsibility, instead of schools’, to decide whether their kids are permitted to read certain books or not.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution(高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.Keys:Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gardening can have many positive effects on your physical and mental health. Whether you’re growing fruit and veggies, flowers or succulents, getting your green thumb on can have a surprising number of health benefits for you and your family.Depending on the size of your garden, maintaining it can be a great way to be physically active. This could be as tough as mowing the lawn, or as gentle as getting a good stretch and practice stabilizing yourself while kneeling, sitting or reaching. In fact, gardening is a recommended activity as it can encourage the use of many motor skills, improve endurance and strength and keep you moving.These days, we can buy pretty much any fruit and vegetable we want from the supermarket, at any time of year. But gardening enables us to eat seasonally, which has important benefits for our bodies. For example, asparagus and apricots grow in spring and summer, while Brussels sprouts get going in winter. Eating seasonally can keep healthy eating exciting by encouraging you to try new recipes using in-season produce. You will also get a wider variety of different coloured produce, providing nutritious vitamins and minerals in your diet throughout the year as the produce you eat changes with the seasons.Gardening is also a great way to relax, providing opportunities to still the mind and get away from the busyness of everyday life. There is even evidence to suggest that gardening can help ease symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Whether you’re gardening by yourself, or getting the whole family involved, it’s a great way to spend some time outdoors, away from screens and to-do lists, and engage with nature. From repetitive tasks like weeding that provide opportunities for meditation, to practising patience while waiting for plants to grow, gardening is a great exercise for your mind as well as your body.Keys:Gardening may bring positive benefits to your fitness physically and mentally. It keeps you physically active, because it involves using motor skills and improves endurance and strength.Besides，gardening helps you to eat seasonally, through which you can maintain healthy eating and get adequate nutrition. Also, i t’s a great way to calm your mind and ease your daily stress.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried that they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.Keys:Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. Theresponsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additi onal workload on colleagues.The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent Safeguarding As one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a Western Han tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability throughprofessional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.Keys:Fujian puppetry, a performing art, is a cultural heritage with a long history that may have originated from burial objects. However, it has become less popular these decades because of fewer young learners and the difficulty in mastering its techniques. Luckily, some people and organizations have realized its value and are making joint efforts to save it, including UNESCO.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.China’s National TreasurePandas are in danger of extinction at present, with only 1,900 remaining in the world. The scientific name of the giant panda is actually called the cat bear, the number of which is very scarce. It is one of the most precious animals in the world and belongs to the protected animals at the national level. Its body color is black and white. Giant pandas are unique to China, very cute. The existing major habitats are in the surrounding mountainous areas such as Sichuan and Shanxi in China. The giant panda has a very powerful function; digesting bamboo. We all know that bamboo is mainly cellulose （纤维素）, and most animals can’t digest it except giant pandas.Th e giant panda’s hometown is in the mountains southwest of China, green bamboos and springs everywhere. Therefore, the giant panda’s main food consists of bamboo and spring water.Giant pandas are often referred to as living fossils. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was the peak period of giant pandas. This is of great scientific value for studying and protectingbiodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Long, long ago, the climate of the earth became colder and colder, many ice cubes formed on the earth; plants could not grow, and many animals were frozen or starved to death. The giant panda alone survived in the deep valleys of the mountains and became a treasure of the animal world. The giant panda still retains the characteristics of ancient animals. Therefore, the giant panda is not only popular with adults and children in terms of appearance, but also becomes a living fossil for biologists to study ancient creatures.The status of giant pandas has been politicized. Giant pandas can be seen in almost all the major countries in the world. The giant panda has become a witness of friendship between China and foreign countries. For decades, wherever the giant panda goes, a panda whirlwind will blow.With its charmed figure and natural cuteness, the Chinese giant panda attracts numerous fans around the world, and at the same time plays the role of friendship ambassador in China’s foreign exchanges, becoming one of the most famous symbols in China.Keys:The reasons why giants pandas become national treasures are as follows. First, giant pandas are scarce, becoming the most valuable animals in the world. Second, giant pandas are living fossils with important scientific value in studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Finally, giant pandas have become a symbol of friendship between China and foreign people.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Unfair ComparisonsThanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier? Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeC hat friends’updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful? Are their vacations more expensive and exciting? Are their careers more successful and rewarding?Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,”Steer s said.“The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic, Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons(to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.KeysSocial media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.。

2019-2020学年上海市宝山中学高三英语二模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATop Music Festivals in 2021CoachellaSelling out fast every year, the Indio desert becomes a fashionable place where the coolest bands are watched by trendy people and celebrities. Near the top of everyone's bucket list of festivals, Coachella is a constant source of annual expectation and a hotbed for musical discussion.When &. where: April 9-11 &. 16-18, 2021; IndioUltra Music FestivalSeen as the ultimate gathering for electronic music fans across the nation and globe, the streets of Miami turn into a and bumping party with popular DJs playing what will be the sounds of summer.When & where: March 26-28, 2021; MiamiSouth By South WestRegarded as the ultimate trend-setter and launcher of careers, SXSW is an annual showcase of music, films and interactive highlights enjoyed through performances, showcases, talks, screenings and more. Virtually taking over the city of Austin, everyone in the world of music from fans to media flock here to discover the next big thing.When &, where: March 16-20, 2021; AustinThe Governors Ball Music FestivalAnother event which proves the music loving potential of Randall's Island Park is Governors Ball, an exciting and infectious mix of rock, hip-hop, electronic, pop and folk. Providing a variety of music and food tastes, whether you look to kick back and relax or dance to the beats, Governors Ball has what you want.When & where: June 11-14, 2021; New York1.Which music festival lasts the most days?A.CoachellaB.Ultra Music Festival.C.South By South WestD.The Governors Ball Music Festival.2.What is special about Ultra Music Festival?A.It's held in a park.B.It features electronic musicC.It's a gathering of popular DJs.D.It's the most popular in the country.3.Which city could you go if you love both music and movies?A.Indio.B.Miami.C.AustinD.New York.BDisease-carrying mosquitoes can spread diseases without affecting themselves. Nearly 700 million people get a mosquito-borne illness each year, which results in over one million deaths. Humans experience continuous pressures from disease-carrying mosquitoes in many parts of the world, so we have to find ways to fight against those insects because they keep getting scarier.Even though DEET remains the most commonly used, and most powerful, mosquito repellent ever developed, scientists are actively pursuing effective products based entirely on plant oils. While DEET is an effective contact repellent, many people dislike the oily feel and smell on their skin, and sometimes some people are sensitive to it. Consumers are always interested in alternatives to DEET and other synthetic repellents, so there are numerous natural repellents on the market.In his lab atIowaStateUniversity, Dr. Joel Coats and his team have successfully tested these repellents against three species of dangerous mosquitoes. The first group of the new repellents act through the air. These chemicals have a vapor action that provides protection, and they are called “spatial” repellents, since they act through space. These are potentially most useful in backyards, parks, and houses. The other group are the classic ones that stop insects from standing on a treated surface, such as human skin, clothing or tents; collaborators at the USDA-ARS and BioGents have conducted testing with humans to confirm the effectiveness and identify the very best ones.The new repellents were designed and made from the natural materials in plant essential oils. They maintain many of the advantages of the natural repellents: They are fully biodegradable, with no ecological concerns or environmental wastes, and generally considered safe like the thousands of types of plant essential oils used in the flavor and perfume industries. However, thorough testing will be conducted to determine if they are truly non-poisonous because there is still no enough evidence.4. What does the author mainly want to show in paragraph 1?A. The way mosquitoes spread disease.B. The high death rate of mosquito-borne illness.C. The difficulty of fighting disease-carrying mosquitoes.D. The urgency of finding tools to fight against mosquitoes.5. What is a disadvantage of DEET?A. It won’t be effective for long.B. It can’t be applied universally.C. It causes discomfort to the users.D. It greatly harms people’s health.6. What can we learn about the second group of the new repellents?A. They can kill mosquitoes indirectly.B. They are mainly used in the open air.C. They are more effective on human skin.D. They can prevent mosquitoes from contacting users.7. What’s the author’s attitude to the new repellents?A. Subjective.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Disapproving.CBarred owls(大林鸮猫头鹰) are a large species native to eastern North America, but they began moving west at the start of the 20th century. By 1973,large numbers of barred owls had arrived in the western state ofWashington. Later they moved south intoOregonandCalifornia.In parts of thePacific Northwest, the owls are now believed to be causing a drop in the population of a smaller, less aggressive bird: the northern spotted owl. In many ways, the barred owl is the spotted owl's worst enemy. The barred owl has more babies per year and eats the same animals, like squirrels and wood rats. And their numbers are now larger in many parts of the spotted owl's traditional territory.David Wiens is a biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, a federal agency that studies the Earth and its natural resources. He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls. It is a controversial, experimental program. More than 2,400 barred owls have already been shot.Wiens is the son of a well-known bird expert and grew up with the fascination for birds. He has mixed feelings about the program. "It's a little distasteful, I think, to go out killing barred owls to save another owl species," he says. But he adds, “We knew that barred owls were out competing spotted owls and their numbers were growing too fast."To catch barred owls, officials put digital bird callers on the ground. Then they step back and wait as several sounds from the devices fill the air. All of this happens in the dark of night. Barred owls dislike other birds in their territory, so they will fly down and chase other owls out. That is when Wiens and his team try to shoot them.8. What's the main problem with spotted owls?A. They are being starved to death.B. They have more babies each year.C. They are invaded by another bird.D. They are hunted by man.9. Why are barred owls being killed?A. They are eating the spotted owls.B. They are killing each other to survive.C. They are putting the spotted owls in danger.D. They are destroying large areas of forests.10. Why did the officials release the bird sounds?A. To kill barred owls.B. To puzzle barred owls.C. To protect barred owls.D. To frighten barred owls.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. Killing One Animal to Save Another.B. Keeping the Balance of Nature.C. Protecting Birds in Danger.D. Preventing Birds from Playing Fair.DThe regular world presented to us by our five senses — you could call it reality 1.0 — is not always the most user-friendly. We get lost in unfamiliar cities; we meet people whose language we don’t understand. So why not try the improved version: augmented reality（AR）or reality 2.0 ? AR technology adds computer-produced images on the real world via a mobile phone camera or special video glasses.Early forms of AR are already here — smart phones can deliver information about nearby ATMs and restaurants and other points of interest. But that’s just the beginning. A few years from now the quantity of information available will have increased hugely. You will not only see that there’s a Chinese restaurant on the next block, but you will be able to see the menu and read reviews of it.This is where the next revolution in computing will take place: in the interface（界面）between the real world and the information brought to us via the Internet. Imagine bubbles floating before your eyes, filled with cool information about anything and everything that you see in front of you.Let’s jump ahead to ten years from now. A person trying to fix a car won’t be reading a book with pictures; he will be wearing a device that projects animated 3D computer graphics onto the equipment under repair, labelling parts and giving step-by-step guidance.The window onto the AR world can be a smart phone or special video glasses. But in ten years’ time these will have been replaced by contact lenses(隐形眼镜) with tiny LEDs, which present something at a readable distance in front of eyes. So a deaf person wearing these lenses will be able to see what people are saying.The question is, while we are all absorbed in our new augmented reality world, how willwe be communicating with each other?12. What is the text mainly about?A. The relationship between reality 1.0 and reality 2.0.B. Different forms of the AR technology.C. The next information technology revolution.D. The popularity of the AR technology.13. Which of the following will AR technology support according to the text?A. To pay for things online conveniently.B. To play online games merrily.C. To offer information efficiently.D. To communicate with others socially.14. What are Contact lenses with tiny LEDs used for?A. Show texts and images.B. Protect people’s eyes.C. Help deaf people communicate.D. Replace smart phone.15. What’s the author’s attitude towards the AR technology?A. Indifferent.B. Critical.C. Concerned.D. Favourable.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers____1____ tons of questions. People keep reading or watching ____2____ they want to find out what happens. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits.Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question.Many of history greatest discoveries ____3____（make）by curious people. People wondered ____4____ processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology ____5____（help）them.Even if you don’t p lan to be an inventor of researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you’ll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you better ____6____（inform）and thus a more capable worker.What do you do if you’re not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. If you act like you’re curious, you’ll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the ____7____（interesting）it becomes.As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don’t always get your information from the same source. Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions ____8____ they express.Ask a lot of questions, Remember, everyone knows ____9____ that you don’t. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge.In the classroom or out of it, ____10____（develop）curiosity is sure to be worthwhile.【答案】1. to 2. because3. were made4. how5. to help6. informed7. more interesting8. that/which9. something10. developing【解析】这是一篇说明文。

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers ____1____ tons of questions. People keep reading or watching ____2____ they want to find out what happens. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits.Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question.Many of history greatest discoveries ____3____（make）by curious people. People wondered ____4____ processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology ____5____（help）them.Even if you don’t p lan to be an inventor of researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you’ll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you better ____6____（inform）and thus a more capable worker.What do you do if you’re not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. If you act like you’re curious, you’ll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a t opic the____7____（interesting）it becomes.As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don’t always get your information from the same source. Inst ead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions ____8____ they express.Ask a lot of questions, Remember, everyone knows ____9____ that you don’t. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge.In the classroom or out of it, ____10____（develop）curiosity is sure to be worthwhile.【答案】1. to 2. because3. were made4. how5. to help6. informed7. more interesting8. that/which9. something10. developing【解析】这是一篇说明文。

2019届高三上海宝山区高考英语二模试题考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.各题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位重上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers ___21___ tons of questions. People keep reading or watching ___22___ they want to find out what happens. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits.Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question.Many of history greatest discoveries ___23___（make）by curious people. People wondered ___24___ processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology ___25___（help）them.Even if you don’t plan to be an inventor of researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you’ll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you better ___26___（inform）and thus a more capable worker.W hat do you do if you’re not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. If you act like you’re curious, you’ll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the ___27___（interesting）it becomes.As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don’t always get your information from the same source. Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions ___28___ they express.Ask a lot of questions, Remember, everyone knows ___29___ that you don’t. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge.In the classroom or out of it, ___30___（develop）curiosity is sure to be worthwhile.Section BDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each wordWhen was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you’ve been using ___31___ like a cellphone. While some generations can recall the days of memorizing phone numbers, it’s possible that members of Generation Z have never had to remember a single ___32___. Why is this?Because smartphones offer quick and convenient ways for storing and ___33___ information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn’t without consequence. As digital devices develop, more and more users’ heavy reliance on them may be having disabling effects.“Digital dementia（失智）”is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects.Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement and optimal brain performance, are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik describes digital dementia like this:“...we’re ___34___ our brains to our smart devices. We’re so reliant on our smartphones that our smartphones are making us stupid. As medical studies chart the decline in memory and cognitive skills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms ___35___ with dementia.”The seriousness of overuse becomes ___36___ when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. Author and speaker Simon Sinek points out that young minds“Are not ready for it! Their minds cannot cope with the dopamine（多巴胺）.”Consequently, the overstimulation of screens and sounds lead to ___37___ more often than not. So now parents, teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx（汇集）of young people with this kind of addiction.●First, monitor your cellphone use. Keep downloading applications like Forest or Checky. Then cut back onany ___38___ usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone.●Determine ___39___ areas for cellphone use. For example, while you’re at home, on ly allow yourself tocheck your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isn’t ___40___ filled with staring at your screen.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Serendipity - an unexpected delight – is the word that comes to mind when describing the seven-day hike my wife and I recently did in the wild and undeveloped northwest coast of Galicia, Spain.Simply ___41___, anyone who is adventurous, loves traveling to Europe and is fit enough to do 10-mile hikes should seriously consider doing this hike.Before this experience, I had never heard about On Foot Holidays programs that allow hikers to go at their own pace, with maps and detailed hiking ___42___, but without a guide or other travelers, while still enjoying a high level of local support.What ___43___ caught my attention was an announcement abou t On Foot Holidays’ newest hike, the Lighthouse Way, which they described as a journey along“the last ___44___ coast of Europe.”This particular hike sounded both challenging and rewarding enough to ___45___ a try.On Foot Holidays booked our lodging each night and ___46___ a taxi to take our baggage to the next destination, so we just had to carry our daypack essentials. Each day we ___47___ or spoke with the company’s local expert who was available ___48___ emergency, but whose main function was to keep us informed about the daily weather forecast and to make special taxi arrangements when we decided to ___49___ a couple of 14-mile hikes to less than 10 miles.The ___50___ of the trails and scenery made every hike a delight. One of our hikes followed a narrow trail along a steep, rocky cliff ___51___ the steel-blue waters of the Atlantic Ocean that thrash against jagged rocks hundreds of feet below us. We stopped to picnic and watch the only living things we saw that whole day: a herd of goats above us, and a group of dolphins jumping in the waves below. In the distance, many of mountain peaks ___52___ sparkling wind turbines（涡轮机）like candles on a cake.Silence and loneliness were the features of each day’s accommodation. The only sounds we heard were birds singing, the wind blowing through trees or the waves breaking against the shoreline. The air was clean and thetemperature brisk, with frequent ___53___ of cloudy, cool, windy and rainy weather interspersed（点缀）with glorious bursts of sunshine.There was remarkably little litter, the exception being spots along the shore where ocean currents ___54___ mostly fishing items.My wife and I realized that we are pilgrims searching for meaning, awareness and joy on our journey through life, and our Galician hiking ___55___ had moved us further down that path in ways we won’t forget.41. A. lost B. moved C. urged D. put42. A. strings B. instructions C. devices D. materials43. A. initially B. gradually C. smoothly D. firmly44. A. recommended B. developed C. unspoiled D. discovered45. A. warrant B. provide C. imagine D. evaluate46. A. prepared for B. arranged for C. paid for D. turned to47. A. negotiated B. discussed C. contacted D. texted48. A. in addition to B. in need of C. in case of D. in favour of49. A. shorten B. extend C. decrease D. expand50. A. appearance B. variety C. character D. route51. A. displaying B. reflecting C. following D. overlooking52. A. established B. lightened C. sported D. structured53. A. changes B. intervals C. adaptions D. interactions54. A. stretched B. withdrawn C. floated D. deposited55. A. experience B. technique C. investigation D. experimentSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Many people prefer eating out instead of cooking at home. A change appears to be taking place, though, and millennials are leading the way. According to one survey, more young people are starting to cook at home for three basic reasons: They can save money, eat healthy and waste less food.Popular TV chefs are also getting millennials excited about learning some basic cooking skills. Many millennials view cooking as a form of entertainment and self-expression. They proudly post pictures of their cooking creations on Facebook or Instagram, and invite friends over to share the cooking experience.Many millennials have also found ways to avoid wasting food. After roasting a chicken, they put the leftover bones in their freezer instead of the garbage can. Later, they use the bones to make chicken stock which is an important ingredient in many dishes.They also hate throwing out fruit that’s too old. To avoid that situation, they bake ripe fruit like berries and bananas for 15 minutes at 175 degrees C. Then they freeze it overnight. After that, they place the fruit in plastic bags and store it their freezer for later use.Now any millennials only eat at restaurants that have excellent food-waste policies. These servants use every part of the vegetables they buy, including their stems and roots, in dishes. They also use beef, chicken and pork bones to make their own stock.Millennials also reduce food waste by only buying what they require. Before going to a market, they write down what they need and don’t buy anything else. They way they won’t purchase more food than they canconsume.56. What is the main subject of this article?A. A cooking trend that has attracted millennials.B. A plan that millennials have for donating food.C. A novel cooking technique that millennials like.D. A food production system favored by millennials.57. What do millennials with fruit before freezing it?A. Mix it with other ingredients in a bowl.B. Carefully remove the skin and seeds from it.C. Use a sharp knife to chop it up into pieces.D. Put it in an oven at the proper temperature.58. According to this article, when do millennials make careful choices?A. When they dine out togetherB. Whey they vote for candidatesC. When they choose an employerD. When they plant a new garden59. According to this article, how do millennials avoid purchasing too much food?A. They select small cans and packages.B. They prepare a practical shopping list.C. They leave their credit cards at home.D. They weigh produce before buying it.（B）Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children’s health, according to a polic y statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediastrics released online.The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations safety assessment retesting all previously approved chemicals.Leonard Trasande ,the author of the policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?A: Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of science suggests some food additives can interfere with a child’s hormones, growth and development.Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.Q: What additives does the statement highlight?A: The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include:●Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen（雌激素）in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned in baby bottles.●Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, may affect malegenital development increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings.60. According to the American Academy of Pediatric’s report, people should ___ to cope with the problem of foodadditives.A. try to avoid food additives in daily life and revise relevant rules on food additivesB. update the food safety assessment program and check the approvedchemicals againC. improve the food additives regulatory system and retest all approvedchemicalsD. reduce the usage of food additives and establish new food protection system61. Leonardo Trasande holds the view that food additives do more harm tochildren than adults because study shows ___.A. children are more sensitive to what they eat and drink than adultsB. children usually eat and drink more unhealthy food than adultsC. children are just too young and weak to protect themselvesD. children’s organs are easier to be damaged and hard to recover62. How many specific kinds of harmful effect caused by the additives arementioned in the passage?A. 2B. 7C. 8D. 3（C）The koala is an unusual creature. Native to Australia and a bit bigger than a rabbit, it spends most of its time in eucalyptus trees（桉树），feeding on leaves that are poisonous to nearly every other animal on the planet.The koala sleeps about 22 hours a day and spends the remainder of its time eating and resting. It might spend 10 minutes a day moving, experts say, usually from one tree to another. It has a soft pad at the end of its spine and extra thick fur on its rear end to make the effort, of sitting more comfortable.Threats and protective measuresThe unique lifestyle of the koala has helped it prosper, but today the cute and iconic creature is facing threats from habitat loss, disease and a changing climate. Koala populations are expected to decline by 50 percent in the next 20 years according to the Australian Museum.To help protect these animals, which bring in an estimated $1.1 billion to Australia each year through koala-related tourism, an international team of researchers has published the first complete genome（基因组）of the koala. Their hope is that the keys to the marsupial’s（有袋动物）long-term survival might be planted in its genetic code.“T he ultimate goal is that we won’t have to…rescue them from the edge of extinction,”said Rebecca Johnson of the Australian Museum Research Institute in Sydney, who led the work.“Now we have a really good understanding of the koala genome, and we are in a fantastic position to use that knowledge to help us manage them.”Early findingsAn elementary analysis of the koala’s genome, published in Nature Genetics, has already yielded some interesting findings.For example, the authors found that, compared to other mammals, the koala’s DNA includes an expansion in the number of genes that encode for enzymes involved in anti-poison. That allows them to have a diet that depends almost entirely on eucalyplus leaves which are unusually high in poison. However, it also means that koalas metabolize（代谢）medicines like anti-chlamydia antibiotics faster than other animals.The koala genome also revealed why koalas are such famously picky eaters. They are known to consume leaves from jus t 20 of Australia’s 60 known eucalyplus species. And even when they are in one of their preferred trees, koalas take leaf selection very seriously.Information waiting to be discoveredJohnson said that the information encoded in the koala’s DNA is already being included in management strategies by conservation groups. However, she said the findings described in the new paper represent the early stages of what can be gleamed from the marsupial’s genome.“The data is public, and I would love for anyone to start mining it and see what other amazing things they can find,”she said.“Once you have a genome of this quality, the sky’s the limit with what you can do with it.”63. What can be concluded from the passage?A. The research on the Koala’s DNA has prevented its extinction successfully.B. Scientists are trying to rescue Koalas by providing more eucalyptus leaves.C. Koala’s extinction is being controlled effectively in Australia.D. Scientists are trying to find a way based on Koala’s gene to save them.64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Koalas can digest poisonous leaves thanks to their gene.B. Koalas are particular about leaves because of their taste.C. Koalas are being extinct just due to human’s activities.D. Koalas will move to other continents in order to survive.65.“T he sky’s the limit”in the last sentence most probably means ___.A. The sky is the restrictionB. The sky is too high to reachC. There is no limitD. There is no possibility66. The passage is mainly about ___.A. Koala-a Special Creature in AustraliaB. scientific research on KoalasC. scientific efforts to save the KoalasD. Koala’s Characters and PreferenceSection CDirections：Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can be used onlyCan just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. ___67___. Don’t wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you’ll want to keep going.Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn’t have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. ___68___Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. ___69___. By letting them“borrow”your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governm ents provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that’s what communities are for!___70___. Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Small businesses hold the key to employed happiness. As the calendar flips to another year, many employees’ will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.In today’s changing workforce, it is more important than ever for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to attract or retain strong employees.According to a survey by Aflac, small business deserve a round of applause for their ability to keep employees happy. The report fond that 85 percent of small-business employees are happy in their current job, and more than half（51 percent）agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a result of working for a small business.Nearly a quarter of participants（23 percent）stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business. Small businesses have the unique ability to make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level.In a small-business environment, there are typically fewer layers between newcomers and leadership. This tight-knit structure can create a family-like atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business’s mission.Flexibility is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible scheduling was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that promotes healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can also increase productivity. Although small business excel at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only motivator. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.By offering a great benefits plan than includes voluntary benefits, small business can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their individual needs.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.“爱你的邻居”对每个人而言都是一项艰巨的任务。

宝山区2018-2019学年第二学期期中髙三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷(本试卷满分140 分，考试时间120分钟)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Thursdays and Fridays. B. Tuesdays and Fridays.C. Tuesdays and Thursdays.D. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays.2. A. Her sister's. B. Her Aunt's.C. Her mother's.D. Her brother's.3. A.Help the company choose graduate students.B. Contact the computer company next week.C. Get a part-time job on campus before graduation.D. Apply for a job in the computer company.4. A. See a doctor as soon as possible.B. Stay in bed for a few days.C. Get treatment in a better hospital.D. Make a phone call to the doctor.5. A. She picked up the book from the bus floor.B. She is able to help the man out.C. She also needs an extra textbook.D. She can find the right person to help the man.6. A. The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C. The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D. The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.7. A. She thinks the man is too tired to go to the movie.B. She really wants to go to the movie.C. She would like to go to the class with the man.D. She does not want to go to the movie.8. A. She doesn't remember much about Hangzhou.B. She has never been to Hangzhou before.C. She knows someone else who could help him.D. She'd be very happy to talk lo the man later.9. A. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.B. The woman hod forgotten Mark's phone number.C. The woman made a phone call lo Mark yesterday.D. Mark and (he woman hadn't been in (ouch for some lime.10. A. She has teamed a lot from the novel.B. She also found the plot difficult to follow.C. She has difficulty remembering names.D. She recalled the names of characters in the novel.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He will be an intelligent student. B. He may not be an intelligent student.C. He will score better in exams.D. He will not be a good student.12. A. Through his teachers. B. Through his deeds in the classroom.C. Through his appearance.D. Through his reaction to different situations.13. A. Not to judge a boy only by his taking notes.B. Not to make the mistake of thinking a young man stupid.C. Not to overestimate a student's intelligence.D. Not to judge a person's intelligence by his appearance.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. You can increase your happiness levels by attending the classes.B. Most of us are happier than our parents since we cam more.C. Earn more than you can if you want to be happy.D. Both Bill Gates and Kerry Packer are rich but unhappy.15. A. Always think highly of yourself and help others. B. Compare yourself to a famous person.C. Compare yourself to people who are inferior to you.D. Earn more than your bank account16. A. Happiness is everything. B. Wealth is the foundation of happiness.C. Fun is another form of happiness.D. Money doesn't always mean happiness. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because there were too many vehicles on the road.B. Because the driver in front of her caused an accident.C. Because she almost got into an accident this morning.D. Because the drivers didn't use polite manners while driving18. A. He doesn't care much about it. B. He pays special attention to it.C. It’s just for inexperienced drivers.D. It's really a big deal to him.19. A. He thought she was mindful of other drivers. B. He became too angry to keep calm for that.C. He really felt very grateful when he heard it.D. He thought she shouldn’t have said like that.20. A. Buy a car. B. Change her job. C. Take bus often. D. Learn driving etiquette.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers ___21___ tons of questions. People keep reading or watching ___22___ they want to find out what happens. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits.Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question.Many of history greatest discoveries ___23___（make）by curious people. People wondered ___24___ processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology ___25___（help）them.Even if you don’t plan to be an inventor of researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you’ll excel because you wi ll be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you better ___26___（inform）and thus a more capable worker.What do you do if you’re not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be i mproved. If you act like you’re curious, you’ll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the ___27___（interesting）it becomes.As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don’t always get your information from the same source. Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions ___28___ they express.Ask a lot of questions, Re member, everyone knows ___29___ that you don’t. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge.In the classroom or out of it, ___30___（develop）curiosity is sure to be worthwhile.Section BDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Eachlong you’ve been using ___31___ like a cellphone. While some generations can recall the days of memorizing phone numbers, it’s possible that members of Generation Z have never had to remember a single ___32___. Why is this? Because smartphones offer quick and convenient ways for storing and ___33___ information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn’t without consequence. As digital devices develop, more and more users’ heavy reliance on them may be having disabling effects.“Digital dementia（失智）”is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects.Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement and optimal brain performance, are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik describes digital dementia like this:“...we’re ___34___ our brains to our smart devices. We’re so reliant on our smartphones that our smartphones are making us stupid. As medical studies chart the decline in memory and cognitive skills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms ___35___ with dementia.”The seriousness of overuse becomes ___36___ when you consider just how young smartphone usersare becoming. Author and speaker Simon Sinek points out that young minds“Are not ready for it! Their minds cannot cope with the dopamine（多巴胺）.”Consequently, the overstimulation of screens and sounds lead to ___37___ more often than not. So now parents, teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx（汇集）of young people with this kind of addiction.●First, monitor your cellphone use. Keep downloading applications like Forest or Checky. Then cutback on any ___38___ usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone.●Determine ___39___ areas for cellphone use. For example, while you’re at home, only allow yourselfto check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isn’t ___40___ filled with staring at your screen.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Serendipity - an unexpected delight – is the word that comes to mind when describing the seven-day hike my wife and I recently did in the wild and undeveloped northwest coast of Galicia, Spain.Simply ___41___, anyone who is adventurous, loves traveling to Europe and is fit enough to do 10-mile hikes should seriously consider doing this hike.Before this experience, I had never heard about On Foot Holidays programs that allow hikers to go at their own pace, with maps and detailed hiking ___42___, but without a guide or other travelers, while still enjoying a high level of local support.What ___43___ caught my attention was an announcement about On Foot Holidays’ newest hike, the Lighthouse Way, which they described as a journey along“the last ___44___ coast of Europe.”This particular hike sounded both challenging and rewarding enough to ___45___ a try.On Foot Holidays booked our lodging each night and ___46___ a taxi to take our baggage to the next destination, so we just had to carry our daypack essentials. Each day we ___47___ or spoke with the company’s local expert who was available ___48___ emergency, but whose main function was to keep us informed about the daily weather forecast and to make special taxi arrangements when we decided to ___49___ a couple of 14-mile hikes to less than 10 miles.The ___50___ of the trails and scenery made every hike a delight. One of our hikes followed a narrow trail along a steep, rocky cliff ___51___ the steel-blue waters of the Atlantic Ocean that thrash against jagged rocks hundreds of feet below us. We stopped to picnic and watch the only living things we saw that whole day: a herd of goats above us, and a group of dolphins jumping in the waves below. In the distance, many of mountain peaks ___52___ sparkling wind turbines（涡轮机）like candles on a cake.Silence and loneliness were the features of each day’s accommodation. The only sounds we heard were birds singing, the wind blowing through trees or the waves breaking against the shoreline. The air was clean and the temperature brisk, with frequent ___53___ of cloudy, cool, windy and rainy weather interspersed（点缀）with glorious bursts of sunshine.There was remarkably little litter, the exception being spots along the shore where ocean currents ___54___ mostly fishing items.My wife and I realized that we are pilgrims searching for meaning, awareness and joy on our journey through life, and our Galician hiking ___55___ had moved us further down that path in ways we won’t forget.41. A. lost B. moved C. urged D. put42. A. strings B. instructions C. devices D. materials43. A. initially B. gradually C. smoothly D. firmly44. A. recommended B. developed C. unspoiled D. discovered45. A. warrant B. provide C. imagine D. evaluate46. A. prepared for B. arranged for C. paid for D. turned to47. A. negotiated B. discussed C. contacted D. texted48. A. in addition to B. in need of C. in case of D. in favour of49. A. shorten B. extend C. decrease D. expand50. A. appearance B. variety C. character D. route51. A. displaying B. reflecting C. following D. overlooking52. A. established B. lightened C. spotted D. structured53. A. changes B. intervals C. adaptions D. interactions54. A. stretched B. withdrawn C. floated D. deposited55. A. experience B. technique C. investigation D. experimentSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Many people prefer eating out instead of cooking at home. A change appears to be taking place, though, and millennials are leading the way. According to one survey, more young people are starting to cook at home for three basic reasons: They can save money, eat healthy and waste less food.Popular TV chefs are also getting millennials excited about learning some basic cooking skills. Many millennials view cooking as a form of entertainment and self-expression. They proudly post pictures of their cooking creations on Facebook or Instagram, and invite friends over to share the cooking experience.Many millennials have also found ways to avoid wasting food. After roasting a chicken, they put the leftover bones in their freezer instead of the garbage can. Later, they use the bones to make chicken stock which is an important ingredient in many dishes.They also hate throwing out fruit that’s too old. To avoid that situation, they bake ripe fruit like berries and bananas for 15 minutes at 175 degrees C. Then they freeze it overnight. After that, they place the fruit in plastic bags and store it their freezer for later use.Now any millennials only eat at restaurants that have excellent food-waste policies. These servants use every part of the vegetables they buy, including their stems and roots, in dishes. They also use beef, chicken and pork bones to make their own stock.Millennials also reduce food waste by only buying what they require. Before going to a market, they write down what they need and don’t buy anything else. They say they won’t purchase more food than they can consume.56. What is the main subject of this article?A. A cooking trend that has attracted millennials.B. A plan that millennials have for donating food.C. A novel cooking technique that millennials like.D. A food production system favored by millennials.57. What do millennials with fruit before freezing it?A. Mix it with other ingredients in a bowl.B. Carefully remove the skin and seeds from it.C. Use a sharp knife to chop it up into pieces.D. Put it in an oven at the proper temperature.58. According to this article, when do millennials make careful choices?A. When they dine out togetherB. Whey they vote for candidatesC. When they choose an employerD. When they plant a new garden59. According to this article, how do millennials avoid purchasing too much food?A. They select small cans and packages.B. They prepare a practical shopping list.C. They leave their credit cards at home.D. They weigh produce before buying it.（B）Families should reduce exposure to syntheticchemicals found in food colouring, preservatives andpackaging materials as a growing body of research showsthey may harm children’s health, according to a policystatement and technical report from the AmericanAcademy of Paediatrics released online.The statement also suggests improvements to thefood additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations safety assessment programme and retesting all previously approved chemicals.Q&A with the lead authorWe asked Leonardo Trasande, Council on Environmental Health member and lead author of the policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?A:Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of science suggests some food additives can interfere with a child’s hormones, growth and development.Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more, relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.Q: What additives does the statement highlight?A: The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include:●Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen（雌激素）in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned in baby bottles.●Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, mayaffect male genital development, increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings.60. According to the Amer ican Academy of Paediatrics’ report, people should ______ to cope with the problem of food additives.A. try to avoid food additives in daily life and revise relevant rules on food additivesB. update the food safety assessment program and check the approved chemicals againC. improve the food additives regulatory system and retest all approved chemicalsD. reduce the usage of food additives and establish new food protection system61. Leonardo Trasande holds the view that food additives do more harm to children than adults because study shows ______.A. children are more sensitive to what they eat and drink than adultsB. children usually eat and drink more unhealthy food than adultsC. children are just too young and weak to protect themselvesD. children’s organs are easier to be damaged and hard to recover62. How many specific kinds of harmful effect caused by the additives are mentioned in the passage?A. 2B. 7C. 8D. 3（C）The koala is an unusual creature. Native to Australia and a bit bigger than a rabbit, itspends most of its time in eucalyptus trees（桉树）, feeding on leaves that are poisonous tonearly every other animal on the planet.The koala sleeps about 22 hours a day and spends the remainder of its time eating andresting. It might spend 10 minutes a day moving, experts say, usually from one tree toanother. It has a soft pad at the end of its spine and extra thick fur on its rear end to makethe effort of sitting more comfortable.Threats and protective measuresThe unique lifestyle of the koala has helped it prosper, but today the cute and iconic creature is facing threats from habitat loss, disease and a changing climate. Koala populations are expected to decline by 50 percent in the next 20 years, according to the Australian Museum.To help protect these animals, which brings in an estimated $1.1 billion to Australia each year through koala-related tourism, an international team of researchers has published the first complete genome（基因组）of the koala. Their hope is that the keys to the marsupial’s（有袋动物）long-term survival might be planted in its genetic code.“The ultimate goal is that we won’t have to… rescue them from the edge of extinction,” said Rebecca Johnson of the Australian Museum Research Institute in Sydney, who led the work.“Now we have a really good understanding of the koala genome, and we are in a fantastic position to use that knowledge to help us manage them.”Early findingsAn elementary analysis of the koala’s genome, published in Nature Genetics, has alrea dy yielded some interesting findings.For example, the authors found that, compared to other mammals, the koala’s DNA includes an expansion in the number of genes that encode for enzymes involved in anti-poison. That allows them tohave a diet that depends almost entirely on eucalyptus leaves which are unusually high in poison. However, it also means that koalas metabolize（代谢）medicines like anti-chlamydia antibiotics faster than other animals.The koala genome also revealed why koalas are such famously picky eaters. They are known to consume leaves from just 20 of Australia’s 60 known eucalyptus species. And even when they are in one of their preferred trees, koalas take leaf selection very seriously.Information waiting to be discoveredJohnson said that th e information encoded in the koala’s DNA is already being included in management strategies by conservation groups. However, she said the findings described in the new paper represent the early stages of what can be gleamed from the marsupial’s genome.“Th e data is public, and I would love for anyone to start mining it and see what other amazing things they can find,” she said. “Once you have a genome of this quality, the sky’s the limit with what you can do with it.”63. What can be concluded from the passage?A. The research on the Koala’s DNA has prevented its extinction successfully.B. Scientists are trying to rescue Koalas by providing more eucalyptus leaves.C. Koala’s extinction is being controlled effectively in Australia.D. Scientists are trying to find a way based on Koala’s gene to save them.64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Koalas can digest poisonous leaves thanks to their gene.B. Koalas are particular about leaves because of their taste.C. Koalas are being ex tinct just due to human’s activities.D. Koalas will move to other continents in order to survive.65. “The sky’s the limit” in the last sentence most probably means ______.A. The sky is the restrictionB. The sky is too high to reachC. There is no limitD. There is no possibility66. The passage is mainly about ______.A. Koala - a Special Creature in AustraliaB. scientific research on KoalasC. scientific efforts to save the KoalasD. Koalas’ Characters and PreferenceSection CDirections：Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can beCan just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. ___67___. Don’t wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you’ll want to keep goin g.Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn’t have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. ___68___.Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. ___69___. By letting them “borrow” your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that’s what communities are for!___70___. Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Small businesses hold the key to employee happiness. As the calendar flips to another year, many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.In today’s changing workforce, it is more important than ever for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to attract or retain strong employees.According to a survey by Aflac, small businesses deserve a round of applause for their ability to keep employees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small-business employees are happy in their current job, and more than half (51 percent) agree that most or all of their happiness in their current job is a result of working for a small business.Nearly a quarter of participants (23 percent) state that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business. Small businesses have the unique ability to make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level.In a small-business environment, there are typically fewer layers between newcomers and leadership. This tight-knit structure can create a family-like atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business’s mission.Flexibility is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report, 30 percent of the respondents noted that flexible scheduling was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that promotes healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can also increase productivity.Although small businesses excel at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only motivator. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make themhappier.By offering a great benefits plan than includes voluntary benefits, small businesses can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their individual needs.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.“爱你的邻居”对每个人而言都是一项艰巨的任务。

2019年上海市宝山区高考英语二模试卷Ⅰ。

Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation，aquestion will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。

After youhear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is thebest answer to the question you have heard. 1．(1分）A．Thursdays and Fridays．B．Tuesdays and Fridays．C．Tuesdays and Thursdays．D．Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays．2．（1分）A．Her sister's．B．Her Aunt’s．C．Her mother's．D．Her brother's．3．(1分）A．Help the company choose graduate students．B．Contact the computer company next week．C．Get a part﹣time job on campus before graduation．D．Apply for a job in the computer company．4．（1分)A．See a doctor as soon as possible．B．Stay in bed for a few days．C．Get treatment in a better hospital．D．Make a phone call to the doctor．5．(1分）A．She picked up the book from the bus floor．B．She is able to help the man out．C．She also needs an extra textbook．D．She can find the right person to help the man．6．（1分)A．The man is late for the trip because he is busy．B．The woman is glad to meet Mr．Brown in person．C．The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr．Brown．D．The woman feels sorry that Mr．Brown is unable to come．7．(1分）A．She thinks the man is too tired to go to the movie．B．She really wants to go to the movie．C．She would like to go to the class with the man．D．She does not want to go to the movie．8．（1分)A．She doesn’t remember much about Hangzhou．B．She has never been to Hangzhou before．C．She knows someone else who could help him．D．She'd be very happy to talk lo the man later．9．（1分）A．The man saw Mark on the street two months ago．B．The woman hod forgotten Mark's phone number．C．The woman made a phone call lo Mark yesterday．D．Mark and the woman hadn’t been in touch for some lime．10．（1分)A．She has teamed a lot from the novel．B．She also found the plot difficult to follow．C．She has difficulty remembering names．D．She recalled the names of characters in the novel．Section BDirections：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked severalquestions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decidewhich one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（3分）（1）A．He will be an intelligent student．B．He may not be an intelligent student．C．He will score better in exams．D．He will not be a good student．（2）A．Through his teachers．B．Through his deeds in the classroom．C．Through his appearance．D．Through his reaction to different situations．（3）A．Not to judge a boy only by his taking notes．B．Not to make the mistake of thinking a young man stupid．C．Not to overestimate a student’s intelligence．D．Not to judge a person's intelligence by his appearance．12．(3分）（1）A．You can increase your happiness levels by attending the classes．B．Most of us are happier than our parents since we cam more．C．Earn more than you can if you want to be happy．D．Both Bill Gates and Kerry Packer are rich but unhappy．(2）A．Always think highly of yourself and help others．B．Compare yourself to a famous person．C．Compare yourself to people who are inferior to you．D．Earn more than your bank account（3）A．Happiness is everything．B．Wealth is the foundation of happiness．C．Fun is another form of happiness．D．Money doesn't always mean happiness．13．（4分）(1)A．Because there were too many vehicles on the road．B．Because the driver in front of her caused an accident．C．Because she almost got into an accident this morning．D．Because the drivers didn't use polite manners while driving(2)A．He doesn’t care much about it．C．It's just for inexperienced drivers．B．He pays special attention to it．D．It’s really a big deal to him．（3）A．He thought she was mindful of other drivers．B．He became too angry to keep calm for that．C．He really felt very grateful when he heard it．D．He thought she shouldn't have said like that．(4）A．Buy a car．B．Change her job．C．Take bus often．D．Learn driving etiquette．Ⅱ。

One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机)hold huge 41 in the fight to save the world ' s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researcherscan now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It ' s that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade 42 to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to 43the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的)species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help 44: drones can circle high abovethe ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species. According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changinghow preservation research is done —— but it ' s in a(n)45 way. As technology gets better andcheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. 46, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university 47. Some teach dronesurveying methods in depth while others don ' t even mention them. " The fact is, using drones isquite a(n)48 to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) 'unknown ' of engineering, and potentiallyan area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet, 'Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. " Students ghe about 49 technologies such as automatic sound recorders,but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly 50 and focused on getting photos. ”Wich ' s team of researchers useddchniques to develop a fully automated drone technologysystem that 51 and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It ' s designed to b cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it52 without technical background. Yet it ' not more widely used on the grounds ofresearchers ' lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm （算法）specifically for their preservation or research problem. "There much that needs to be done to 53 those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that peoplewho can ' t program can still use the technology, " Wich says.54, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from dying out, Greengrass warns. " As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wildplaces. Preservationists are 55 for not doing enough but it ' often an issue of people,conflict and governance. " Technologylpnprovide far greater knowledge, but governmentsstill need to act.41. A. shortage B. threats C. potential D. responsibilities42. A. researchers B. authorities C. opponents D. professionals43. A. highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44. A. education B. preparation C. preservation D. distinction45. A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46 A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47. A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49. A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50. A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51. A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52. A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54. A. Therefo__^^| B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55. A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedKeys: 41-45 CBACA 46-50 DABCD 51-55 BBACDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is 41?Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their42 levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort levelwith different academic environments 43 a good college "fit " . Just as you might study abody of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to44 the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment — and your ability to keepyour " head above water " if adrbetede deciding to apply.When looking at academic difficulties as a(n)45 of " fit ” , you are li kely to find that you have the capacity to "ge t he job done" academically in a range of college environments.46, you are not likely to have difficulty with the " water " itself. You will fit best, however,at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of47 .Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself 48. These places represent appropriate "bodies of water " for you academically.The best 49 of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academicrequirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer 50 help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the 51 of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be52, most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?You need to be honest in 53 this part of the picture, especially if you are consideringcolleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the realodds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a 54 candidate at schools that canbe very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don' 55 your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different 42. A. explosiveB. respectiveC. potentialD. reasonable 43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of 44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete 45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention 46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast 47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience 48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually 49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands 50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable 51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation 52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting 53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending 54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive 55. A. graspB. changeC. createD. increaseKeys: 41-45 CBDCA46-50 BCDAB 51-55 CABBDIII. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize（苦苦思索） over projects at work, and even worryabout small errors from the past. High 41 are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers havediscovered,42 perfection canhave serious consequences to mental and physical well-being.Since perfectionism is 43 with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn ' t mean being unsuccessful. 45, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. 46, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible 47 to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset （思维方式）.Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with 48 mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a 49 role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towardsfailure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to 50 when they make mistakes.Another 51 option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion （自我同情）.Tounderstand self-compassion, thank about how you would 52 a close friend if they made amistake. Chances are that you ' （probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves 53 when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of beinghuman, and avoid being 54 by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial formental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you ' re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive （认知的）behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning 55, and replacing self-criticism with self- compassion, it ' s possibleto overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D.bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D.keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunitiesKeys: 41~45 DDBAC 46~50 ABBCA 51~55 ACBDDFour【2019届上海市长宁区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping it in the family"You understand grandmother when she talks to you, don ' t you, darling? I " The girl nods. met her, her Danish mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to41 their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually（使用双语地）in London. Itisn ' easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from hermother, who has come to 42 that she will reply in English. This can be painful. Not sharingyour first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it on to your own child can be especiallytough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of 43.Children are languages easily, but this doesn ' t mean that exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it — and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work, and a child who doesn an intention haspeak a languagewill often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages. These days, officials tend to be45; some even see a valuable resource in immigrants ' language abilities. Yet many factorsensure that children still lose their parents ' languages, or never learn them.A big one is institutional 46 . A child ' s time spent with a second language is time notspent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often 47 obey, worried about their children' seducation. This is a(n)48, for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeedsuggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while. But other studieshint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks, better at maintaining attention.Even without those side-effects,49 , a bilingual child ' s connection to another cultureis a good thing in itself. How to 50? When both parents share the native language, thestrategy is often to speak that at home, and the national language outside. But when they have51languages, perhaps the most common approach is " one parent, one language " . Fran?oi Grosjean, a language expert from Switzerland,52 the necessity. He recommends reservingoccasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs 53. SabineLittle, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere. Making thenative language yet another task 54 by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. Sherecommends letting the child form their own 55 connection to the language, for languagesare not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.41. A. conceal B. publicize C. discuss D. imagine42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued45. A. less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasizes D. ignores53. A. performed B. imposed C.shared D. recommended54. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotionalKeys: 41-45 CACAB 46-50 DDBAD 51-55 BCABDFive [2019届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试题] 一III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas（睡衣）！ At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher 41 the students ' progress.The cyber school was 42 as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade8 who have trouble succeeding in the district ' s43 public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can 44 withlearning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused 45 and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put 46 time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids 'dailywork.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn 47"education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social 48. Paytonsays Angela Goscilo, a seniorfrom Pound Ridge, N.Y. cloh "We need to dev e chn(blogy skills that will help us in whatever we Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, III ., agrees. "I don ' t know how I could sit at a computer all day without 49 interacting with my peers and teachers," he says.In addition, virtual schools don' have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying 50.Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to 51 whattheir kids do at home. Many parents have full Time jobs. How are they going to run their children education, 52 in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning ________ 53 _____ , but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those coursesonline and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more54schedules.Studentsoftenhandle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after 55." We need to be responsible for working on our own, do. Getting an early start is a good idea.41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted 42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. t ransformed 43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized 44. A. agree B. put up C. goD. i nterfere 45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. i nstruction 46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. u naffected 47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. m ake up 48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. i dentification 49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically 50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt 52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel 53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely 54. A. sustainableB. flexibleC. relevantD. optimistic 55. A. schoolB. studyC. graduationD. educationKeys: 41-45 ABCDD 46-50 CBAAB 51-55 CDABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiarwith or the education we have received. We live in a 41 world where people are quick topoint out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguidedsouls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure youreally are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.So what is the possible solution to 42? If you are the one forcing others to feel43 themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than 44 the negative aspectof a person ' s performance or attitudes. You ' ll offer helpfiomugheesegiming. If I ' mpainting our living room and 45 in doing so, I would like my h usband to say to me, " Thisis a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you? ” rather than have point out what a 46 painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.If you are on the 47 end of criticism, the " OK' response is a perfect WHetton.someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n)48 response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it putsboth parties on the 49. Instead, simply reply with " OK' T his brief one-word response50 the other person ' s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in adebate about it.It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen上海市各区2019届高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编终结版：完型填空without feeling, to be a(n) 51 observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a 52review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did Igive 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性 的)criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their53 when necessary. 54, one can learn to be " OK' with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with theother party. Examine it for any potential 55, and then let it go and just be" OK'.41. A. dependent B. judgmental C. selfish D. creative 42. A. criticism B. imperfection C. failure D. unawareness 43. A. devoted toB. connected withC. ashamed ofD. concerned about 44. A.turn downB. get rid ofC. cover upD. focus on45. A. making a messB. asking for troubleC. having funD. offering a helpful hand46. A. considerate B. careless C. humble D. modest 47. A. forcing B. receiving C. criticizing D. advising 48. A. avoidable B. meaningless C. extreme D. natural 49. A. impolite B. dangerous C. defensive D. regretful 50. A. ignores B. acknowledges C. eliminates D. declines 51. A. active B. initiative C. creative D. objective 52. A. reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive 53. A. praise B. presence C. comment D. help 54. A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To begin with D. For instance 55. A. harmB. conflictC. obstacleD. truthIII. Reading ComprehensionKeys: 41-45 BACDA46-50 BBDCB 51-55 DCBADSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are 41 to post the resultsof their own labours online.Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository （库），and astronomers are accustomed to 42 imagesof galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the 43, not the rule. Historically, scientists have44 sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist;grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the 45 are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwideare encouraging scientists to make their data 46. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to 47 a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve Funding agencies n ote that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products 48 and enable other researchers to discover andcite （引用）them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the 49 advantages of sharing, thepractice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved 50 and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used.51, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been 52 5,700 times.Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees. "I ' d much prefer to have my data use>y the 53 number of people to asktheir own questions, " she says. It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be 54."Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize andlabel files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding 55 later on.Keys: 41-45 BACDB46-50 DABCA 51-55 CABCB41. A. restricted B. reluctant C. desperate D. generous42. A. accessing B. processing C. analyzing D. identifying43. A. assumption B. mystery C. exception D. phenomenon44. A. longed for B. appealed to C. focused on D. objected to45. A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantages D. consequences46. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public47. A. shift away from B. end up with C. give rise to D. build up48. A. secretly B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly49. A. material B. individual C. moral D. economic50. A. visibility B. awareness C. condition D. confidence51. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. For example D. After all52. A. downloaded B. updated C. optimized D. addressed53. A. moderate B. maximum C. average D. estimated54. A. reversible B. profitable C. reproducible D. recognizable55. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflictEight【2019届上海市静安区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly 41 in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.41.A valued42.A. regulations43.A. shortcut B. accessedB. virtuesB. implicationC. implementedC. obligationsC. rewardD.illustratedD.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic 42 such ashard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the43 to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in thecountry ' s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have 44 prices. When the government have tostep in and 45 the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under 46 natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of therichest soil in the world. Rainfall is 47 over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality 48 labor also have contributed to the success of Americanagriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers 49 plows or harvesters. One farmer canmanage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists 50 it. Computers track farm operations, and even 51 technologyis utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control,52. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often 53 the general economy. When negativefactors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n)54 situation. The government responded with 55 agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.。