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我国各大院校一般都把国内外通用的权威教科书作为本科生和研究生学习专业课程的参考教材，这些教材甚至被很多考试（特别是硕士和博士入学考试）和培训项目作为指定参考书。
为了帮助读者更好地学习专业课，我们有针对性地编著了一套与国内外教材配套的复习资料，并提供配套的名师讲堂、电子书和题库。
《美国文学史》（增订版）（童明主编）一直被用作高等院校英语专业英美文学教材，被很多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。
为了帮助读者更好地使用该教材，我们精心编著了它的配套辅导用书。
作为该教材的学习辅导书，全书遵循该教材的章目编排，共分27章，每章由三部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是课后习题详解，对该书的课后思考题进行了详细解答；第三部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校经典考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。
本书具有以下几个方面的特点：1．梳理章节脉络，归纳核心考点。
每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，对核心考点进行了归纳总结。
2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。
本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。
3．解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。
本书对童明主编的《美国文学史》（增订版）每章的课后思考题均进行了详细的分析和解答，并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。
4．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。
本书精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。
所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但又不完全局限于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。
第1部分 早期美国文学：殖民时期至1815年第1章 “新世界”的文学1.1 复习笔记1.2 课后习题详解1.3 考研真题和典型题详解第2章 殖民地时期的美国文学：1620—1763 2.1 复习笔记2.2 课后习题详解2.3 考研真题和典型题详解第3章 文学与美国革命：1764—18153.1 复习笔记3.2 课后习题详解3.3 考研真题和典型题详解第2部分 美国浪漫主义时期：1815—1865第4章 美国浪漫主义时期4.1 复习笔记4.2 课后习题详解4.3 考研真题和典型题详解第5章 早期浪漫主义5.1 复习笔记5.2 课后习题详解5.3 考研真题和典型题详解第6章 超验主义和符号表征6.1 复习笔记6.2 课后习题详解6.3 考研真题和典型题详解第7章 霍桑、麦尔维尔和坡7.1 复习笔记7.2 课后习题详解7.3 考研真题和典型题详解第8章 惠特曼和狄金森8.1 复习笔记8.2 课后习题详解8.3 考研真题和典型题详解第9章 文学分支：反对奴隶制的写作9.1 复习笔记9.2 课后习题详解9.3 考研真题和典型题详解第3部分 美国现实主义时期：1865—1914第10章 现实主义时期10.1 复习笔记10.2 课后习题详解10.3 考研真题和典型题详解第11章 地区和地方色彩写作11.1 复习笔记11.2 课后习题详解11.3 考研真题和典型题详解第12章 亨利·詹姆斯和威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯12.1 复习笔记12.2 课后习题详解12.3 考研真题和典型题详解第13章 自然主义文学13.1 复习笔记13.2 课后习题详解13.3 考研真题和典型题详解第14章 女性作家书写“女性问题”14.1 复习笔记14.2 课后习题详解14.3 考研真题和典型题详解第4部分 美国现代主义时期：1914—1945第15章 美国现代主义15.1 复习笔记15.1 复习笔记15.2 课后习题详解15.3 考研真题和典型题详解第16章 现代主义的演变16.1 复习笔记16.2 课后习题详解16.3 考研真题和典型题详解第17章 欧洲的美国现代主义17.1 复习笔记17.2 课后习题详解17.3 考研真题和典型题详解第18章 两次世界大战间的现代小说18.1 复习笔记18.2 课后习题详解18.3 考研真题和典型题详解第19章 现代美国诗歌19.1 复习笔记19.2 课后习题详解19.3 考研真题和典型题详解第20章 非裔美国小说和现代主义20.1 复习笔记20.2 课后习题详解20.3 考研真题和典型题详解第5部分 多元化的美国文学：1945年至新千年第21章 新形势下的多元化文学21.1 复习笔记21.2 课后习题详解21.3 考研真题和典型题解析第22章 美国戏剧：三大剧作家22.1 复习笔记22.2 课后习题详解22.3 考研真题和典型题详解第23章 主要小说家：1945年至60年代23.1 复习笔记23.2 课后习题详解23.3 考研真题和典型题详解第24章 1945年以来的诗学倾向24.1 复习笔记24.2 课后习题详解24.3 考研真题和典型题详解第25章 20世纪60年代以来的小说发展状况25.1 复习笔记25.2 课后习题详解25.3 考研真题和典型题详解第26章 当代多民族文学和小说26.1 复习笔记26.2 课后习题详解26.3 考研真题和典型题详解第27章 美国文学的全球化：流散作家27.1 复习笔记27.2 课后习题详解27.3 考研真题和典型题详解第1部分 早期美国文学：殖民时期至1815年第1章 “新世界”的文学1.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Discoveries of America（发现美洲大陆）Who discovered America?谁发现了美洲？1 The credit is often attributed to Christopher Columbus. Yet this argument is controversial.一种说法是哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。
第2章爱德华兹•富兰克林•克里夫古尔I.Fill in the blanks.1.In his_____Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from_____to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.（天津外国语学院2008研）【答案】Autobiography,poor【解析】富兰克林在《自传》中讲述了其白手起家、自力更生的故事，平凡却生动的讲述表明他坚信通过努力就能实现美国梦。
2.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____represents the lower levels.【答案】Benjamin Franklin【解析】美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming Age)中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同层次思想的代表。
3.Before his death,_____had gained a position as America’s first systematic philosopher.【答案】Jonathan Edwards【解析】乔纳森·爱德华兹（1703-1758）是美国“大觉醒”（the“Great Awakening”）的领军人物，他生前赢得了“美国第一位系统的哲学家”称号。
吴定柏《美国文学大纲》笔记和考研真题详解（9-16章）【圣才出品】第9章1945年之前的现代小说9.1复习笔记Ⅰ.Overview1.Background2.Lost Generation3.Modern FictionⅡ.Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961)1.Life2.Literary Career/doc/0f18413888.html,mentⅢ.Francis Scott Fitzgerald(1896-1940)1.Life2.Literary Career/doc/0f18413888.html,mentⅣ.Sinclair Lewis(1885-1951)1.Life2.Literary Career/doc/0f18413888.html,mentⅤ.John Steinbeck(1902-1968)1.Life2.Literary Career3.The Grapes of WrathⅠ.Overview1.Background①After the war,the voices of new groups of Americans were heard.They were poor,or immigrants,or Jews,or blacks.②During this period there occurred in America areexamination of the structure of literature and of the nature of the critical activity itself.Ⅰ.概述1.背景①战后，很多美国的新作家来自穷人，移民，犹太人或黑人。
②这一时期，美国重新审视了文学结构和评论活动本身。
Lost Generation were cut off from their past.Without a meaningful future to fall on,they were lost in disillusionment and existential voids.2.迷惘的一代迷惘的一代与过去分割。
陶洁《美国⽂学选读》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解（斯蒂芬克莱恩）【圣才出品】第10单元斯蒂芬?克莱恩10.1 复习笔记I. Introduction to author（作者简介）1. Life（⽣平）Stephen Crane was an American novelist, short story writer, poet and journalist. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.斯蒂芬·克莱恩是美国⼩说家、短篇⼩说家、诗⼈、记者。
他在短暂的⼀⽣中著作颇丰，在现实主义传统下写了许多著名作品，也成为美国⾃然主义和印象主义的早期范例。
他被当代批评家认为是同时代最具有创意的作家。
2. Major Works（主要作品）Maggie: A Girl of the Street (1893) 《街头⼥郎麦姬》The Red Badge of Courage (1895) 《红⾊英勇勋章》“The Open Boat” (1897) 《海上扁⾈》The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky (1898)《新娘来到黄天镇》The Blue Hotel (1898) 《蓝⾊旅店》Ⅱ. Selected works（选读作品）◆The Open Boat《海上扁⾈》This story is based on Crane’s personal experiences. While traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent during the Cuban insurrection against Spain, Crane was stranded at sea after his ship the Commodore sank off the coast of Florida. Stephen Crane and three others endured the rage of the sea for thirty hours. Billy Higgins a friend of Cranes drowned while swimming to shore. This realistic story of their life-threatening ordeal captures the emotions of four men in a fight against nature.Th e most significant aspect of this struggle lies in the men’s attempts to help one another survive when they are confronted with danger and disaster.故事取材于克莱恩真实的个⼈经历。
第12章艾略特•史蒂文斯•威廉斯I.Fill in the blanks.1.In1927,T.S.Eliot announced that he was a royalist in_____,a classicist in_____, and an Anglo-Catholic in_____.（国际关系学院2007研；首师大2008研）【答案】politics;literature;religion【解析】艾略特宣称自己在政治上是个保皇派，文学上是古典主义者，宗教上是英国天主教徒。
2.Eliot’s_____is a morality play in verse dealing with the assassination of Archbishop Thomas Becket by knights of Henry II.（人大2006研）【答案】Murder in the Cathedral【解析】艾略特的《大教堂的谋杀案》是一部道德剧，讲述了亨利二世的骑士暗杀托马斯·贝克特大主教的故事。
3._____was successful in two fields of activity which did not seem compatible with one another:he was a very successful businessman and a very remarkable contemporary poet at the same time.（人大2006研）【答案】Wallace Stevens【解析】华莱士·史蒂文斯(Wallace Stevens)是美国20世纪的著名诗人。
他集企业家和诗人于一身。
4.The Waste Land was written by_____.（大连外国语学院2008研）【答案】T.S.Eliot【解析】艾略特，英国著名现代派诗人和文艺评论家，《荒原》是其代表作。
第3章超验主义3.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Overview1. Growth and Development2. Major Concepts3. Significance4. WeaknessesⅡ. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)1. Life2. Literary Achievements3. “The American Scholar”Ⅲ. Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)1. Life2. Relations with Emerson3. Walden4. General commentⅠ. Overview1. Growth and Development①New England Transcendentalism was in essence, romantic idealism on Puritan soil.②The Transcendental Club, was formed in 1836 and published their journal The Dial.Ⅰ. 概述1. 产生和发展①新英格兰超验主义从本质上说是清教徒基础上的浪漫唯心主义。
②超验主义俱乐部成立于1836年，并发表了他们的期刊《日晷》。
2. Major Concepts①It stressed the power of intuition. As romantic idealism, it placed spirit first and matter second.②It took nature as symbolic of spirit or God. It emphasized the significance of the individual.2. 主要概念①它强调直觉的力量。
作为浪漫唯心主义，它认为精神第一，物质第二。
②它把自然当作精神或上帝的象征，强调个人的重要性。
吴定柏《美国⽂学⼤纲》笔记和典型题（含考研真题）详解（现代诗歌）【圣才出品】第8章现代诗歌8.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Overview1. Background2. Modernism3. Imagism(1) Emergence(2) Major features(3) CommentⅡ. Ezra Loomis Pound (1885-1972)1. Life2. Literary CareerⅢ. Thomas Stearns Elliot (1888-1968)1. Life2. Literary CareerⅣ. Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)1. Life2. Literary Career3. Views of Poetry4. Major FeaturesⅤ. E. A. Robinson (1869-1935)1. Life2. Literary Career3. CharacteristicsⅥ. Robert Lee Frost (1874-1963)1. Life2. Literary Career3. CommentⅦ. Contemporary American PoetryⅠ. Overview1. BackgroundIn the 20th century, two characteristic strains in American poetry are introspection and social criticism. But they were often combined together.Ⅰ. 概述1. 背景20世纪，美国诗歌有两⼤类型，即内省和社会批判。
但是两种类型经常结合在⼀起。
2. Modernism(1) Modernism dramatized severance from the past while using the past, its valuesand artistic forms in new literary production.(2) Modernists had a sense of fragmentation in social communities and the individual himself.(3) The distinctive feature of literary modernism was its strong break withtraditional forms and techniques of expression.2. 现代主义(1) 现代主义与过去相隔离，但同时也在新的⽂学作品中使⽤过去的观点和艺术形式。
第12单元舍伍德·安德森12.1复习笔记I.Introduction to author（作者简介）1.Life（生平）Sherwood Anderson(1876-1941),a novelist,was born in Camden,Ohio,the third of seven children of his family.After his father’s business failed,the family was forced to move frequently,finally settling down at Clyde,Ohio,in1884.Partly as a result of these misfortunes,young Sherwood found various odd jobs to help his family,which earned him the nickname"Jobby."He left school at age14.Anderson moved to Chicago near his brother’s home and worked as a manual laborer until near the turn of the century,when he enlisted in the United States Army.He was called up but did not see action in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.After the war,in1900,he enrolled at Wittenberg University in Springfield,Ohio. Eventually he secured a job as a copywriter in Chicago and became more successful.舍伍德·安德森(1876—1941)是一位小说家，出身于俄亥俄州卡姆丹镇，在七个孩子中排行第三。
常耀信《美国⽂学简史》（第3版）章节题库-第⼗三章⾄第⼗四章【圣才出品】第13章弗罗斯特·桑德堡·卡明斯·哈特·克兰·穆尔Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.In Robert Frost’s______,the speaker tells us how the course of his life was determined when he came upon two roads that diverted in a wood.【答案】The Road not Taken【解析】《未选择的路》是美国著名诗⼈罗伯特·弗罗斯特的著名诗篇。
这⾸深邃的哲理诗展现了现实⽣话中⼈们处在⼗字路⼝时难以抉择的⼼情。
2.Robert Frost poetry focused on the landscape and people in_______.【答案】New England【解析】弗罗斯特的抒情诗主要描写了⼤⾃然和农民，尤其是新英格兰的景⾊和北⽅的农民。
3._____combined traditional verse forms with a clear American local speech rhythm，forming his own characteristic.【答案】Robert Frost【解析】弗罗斯特将传统诗歌形式与美国本⼟⼝语体结合起来，形成了独特的诗歌特点。
4.At one time,Sandburg’s reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume biography of_____including The Prairie Years and The War Years.【答案】Abraham Lincoln【解析】卡尔·桑德堡（Carl Sandburg）美国现代诗⼈及传记作家。
第16章安德森•斯坦•刘易斯•凯瑟•沃尔夫16.1 复习笔记I. Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941)（舍伍德·安德森）1. Life（生平）Sherwood Anderson was in born in Ohio. When he was thirty-six, he was already a successful businessman with a happy family. But he suffered a nervous breakdown and felt that he could be servant to words only. So he acted the manager by day and writing novels at night. One day in the middle of a dictation, he stopped and left his office, never to return. He was found wandering about in a confused condition and was sent to a hospital. Thus he said farewell to the business world and began his literary career.舍伍德·安德森出生于俄亥俄州。
36岁时他已经事业成功，家庭幸福。
但是他总觉内心不安，着迷于文学创作。
故后来白天从事经营事业，晚上时间写作。
一天，他在默写时，突然停下来离开了办公室，然后再也没有回来。
人们发现他精神混乱、四处游荡，并把他送到了医院。
之后，他永远地告别了商界，并开始了他的文学生涯。
2. Literary contributions（文学贡献）(1) Thematically Anderson had the courage to explore new material for fiction:the psychological and emotional aspect of American small-town life, with emphasis chiefly on lower-class figures, the unsuccessful, the depraved, and the inarticulate. Winsburg, Ohio, which becomes an American classic, is a good illustration.(2) Technically, Anderson was a highly original writer. He depended on inspiration in his creative endeavor. He observed human grotesqueness and eccentricity from a Freudian psychological point of view and tried to reveal the abnormal states of mind in a more or less accurate way.(3) Anderson was probably the first writer since Mark Twain to write in the colloquial style. He regarded the vernacular as an honest medium and developed a style the major features of which included clarity, directness, and a deceptive simplicity. This style influenced Hemingway and Faulkner.(1) 在主题方面，安德森勇于挖掘小说创作的新素材，即美国小镇生活中的心理和情感层面。
他着重关注底层人物，诸如失败者、堕落者和不善表达的人等。
他的经典作品《小城畸人》就是很好的例证。
(2) 技巧方面，安德森是原创性的作家，他依靠灵感进行创作。
他从佛洛依德心理分析的角度观察人类的怪诞行为，从而试图准确地揭示人物反常的心理状况。
(3) 安德森是继马克·吐温之后运用口头语言进行创作的首位作家。
他认为日常用语是一种可靠的媒介。
他的写作风格以清晰，直接和貌似简单著称。
这种风格对后来的海明威和福克纳产生了很大影响。
3. Major works（主要作品）Windy McPherson’s Son《饶舌的迈克逊的儿子》Marching Men《前进中的人们》Winesburg, Ohio《小城畸人》The Triumph of the Egg《鸡蛋的胜利》Horses and Men《马和人》Death in the Woods《林中之死》Poor White《穷白人》Many Marriages《许多婚姻》Dark Laughter《暗笑》Kit Brandon《吉特·布兰登》A Story-Teller’s Story《讲故事人的故事》Tar: A Midwest Childhood《中西部的童年》“Hands”《双手》“Paper Pills”《纸团》“Mother”《母亲》“I Want to Know Why”《我想知道为什么》II. Gertrude Stein (1874-1946)（格特鲁德·斯坦）Gertrude Stein’s claim to fame in literature is attributed to her writings as well as to her personality as a patron of art and literature.格特鲁德·斯坦在文学史上出名一是因为她的作品，二是因为她是艺术和文学的赞助人。
1. Life（生平）Gertrude Stein came from a well-to-do family and was able to live comfortably on her inheritance in Paris most of her adult life. She graduated from Radcliffe College, Massachusetts where she managed to impress her writing instructor with her unusual power of abstract thought, and took courses in psychology which were offered by William James, brother of Henry James, the novelist. All her life she kept writing, and was a well-known writer of over fifty books. She lectured on her theories at Cambridge and Oxford Universities, and did a lecture tour in her own country in 1934.格特鲁德·斯坦生于富贵之家。
依靠继承的遗产她得以在巴黎过着舒适的生活。
她毕业于拉德克利夫学院，大学时其惊人的抽象思维给写作老师留下很深的印象。
她还听过小说家亨利·詹姆斯的哥哥威廉姆·詹姆斯开设的心理课程。
她终生笔耕不缀，共著有50余部作品。
她经常在剑桥大学和牛津大学举办讲座阐述她的文学理论。
1934年她回美国做了一次巡回演讲。
2. Literary contributions（文学贡献）Stein did quite a few things that have ensured her niche in the American literary pantheon.(1) For one thing she was very sensitive to the temper of her time and its subtleties of change. She felt that life after World WarIwas no longer the same as in the pre-war period, and the modes of representing it in the arts and in literature should change accordingly. Thus she helped usher in the new, modern period.(2) Another thing for which she has been noted is her literary theory andpractice. Her literary theories are best expounded in her How to Write. Her writing exhibits its unmistakable experimental daring and modernity.斯坦做过的几件事情足以让她在美国文学史上留名。
(1) 她思想敏锐，意识到了时代趋势和微妙的变化。
她认为一战后的生活与战前不一样了，因此艺术和文学在表现生活的方式上也应作出相应的改变。
她在引领新的文学现代时期上做出了很多贡献。
(2) 另一件值得称道的是她的文学理论与实践。
她的文学理论在其作品《写作指南》上得到了很好地阐释。
她的作品显示出其勇于尝试的精神和现代性。
3. Major works（主要作品）Three lives《三个女人》“The Good Anna”《好人安娜》“The Gentle Lena”《温和的丽娜》“Melanctha”《米兰克莎》Tender Buttons《温柔的纽扣》The Making of Americans《美国人的成长》How to Write《写作指南》Four Saints in Three Acts《三幕剧里的四仙人.》The Autobiography of Alice b. Toklas《爱丽丝· B. 托克拉斯的自传》“Sacred Emily”《神圣的艾米莉》“Picasso”《毕加索》III. Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)（辛克莱·刘易斯）1. Life（生平）Sinclair Lewis was the first American author to win the Nobel Prize for literature. Born into a middle-class family in Sauk Center, Minnesota, Lewis was to place that class under ruthless satire, and at the same time to affirm its best virtues. He began writing when still in college. After graduation from Yale, he knocked about for a number of years. All the time he tried to write novels and get them published. From 1912 to 1919 he was able to published five novels, but it was not until the summer of 1920 when his sixth book, Main Street, came out that he became a famous man. For the next ten years the rise of Lewis was meteoric. He managed to acquire an international reputation which led straight to the Nobel Prize. Thus within some twenty years Lewis climbed to the summit of his career. Thereafter, however, it was a steady slide downhill. He has been called the worst important writer in American Literature.辛克莱·刘易斯是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国作家。
