Development of a Two-Wheeled Inverted Pendulum Mobile Robot

读后续写原题目：As a single mother, I’ve never doubted my daughter Jane’s dream to be a singer on the stage. At an early age, she was crazy about singing. Whenever she had a chance, she would sing to her heart’s content. Her sweet and charming voice tended to get people around attracted to her songs.作为一个单身母亲，我从未怀疑过我女儿简成为舞台上歌手的梦想。

她很小的时候就迷上了唱歌。

只要有机会，她就会尽情地唱歌。

她甜美迷人的嗓音使周围的人都被她的歌曲所吸引。

Living in a small city, I took several odd jobs, determined to do everything in my power to support her. Soon after Jane attended school, her music teacher Mary noticed her talent by chance and volunteered to give her some guidance on how to sing. Jane practiced so hard that before long she made great progress in singing.住在一个小城市，我打了几份零工，决心尽我所能养活她。

简上学后不久，她的音乐老师玛丽偶然发现了她的才华，并自愿给她一些唱歌的指导。

简练习得很刻苦，不久她在唱歌方面就取得了很大的进步。

Unfortunately, one noon a year later, Jane was crossing the street when a careless driver knocked her down. She was rushed to hospital. When I hurried there, the doctor told me that my daughter would probably not stand on her own feet. I froze with shock, feeling as if I had been thrown into a dark world. Weak and dizzy, I was about to fall to the ground when someone took hold of me.不幸的是，一年后的一个中午，简正在过马路时，一个粗心的司机把她撞倒了。

2024年高三英语未来发展趋势练习题20题1. With the development of technology, learning English will become more _____.A.easyB.difficultC.expensiveD.time-consuming答案：A。

本题考查形容词的辨析。

随着科技的发展，学习英语会变得更容易，选项 A 符合题意。

选项B“difficult”（困难的）与科技发展使学习更便捷的趋势不符；选项C“expensive”（ 昂贵的）题干中未提及费用问题；选项D“time-consuming” 耗时的）科技一般会使学习更高效，减少耗时。

2. In international communication, English is likely to _____.A.become less importantB.remain dominantC.be replaced by other languagesD.change significantly答案：B。

本题考查对英语在国际交流中地位的理解。

目前英语在国际交流中占据重要地位，短时间内仍会保持主导地位，选项 B 正确。

选项A“become less important”（ 变得不那么重要）不太符合实际情况；选项C“be replaced by other languages” 被其他语言取代）可能性较小；选项D“change significantly”（ 发生重大变化）题干中没有足够信息表明会有重大变化。

3. Technology can help students improve their English _____ skills.A.readingB.writingC.speakingD.listening答案：A。

科技可以通过提供电子书籍、在线阅读材料等方式帮助学生提高阅读技能，选项 A 正确。

两轮平衡车控制系统设计作者：邵天永，来跃深，胡志云来源：《科技视界》 2014年第32期邵天永来跃深胡志云（西安工业大学机电工程学院，陕西西安 710021）【摘要】本文简单介绍了自平衡小车的发展状况及理论基础，随后采用了陀螺仪、加速度计、倾角传感器、测距仪等传感器和AVR单片机作为控制系统，并结合PID算法设计了两轮自平衡小车。

【关键词】自平衡；AVR单片机；PID算法；传感器0 引言平衡车是一种电力驱动、具有自我平衡能力的个人用载具，是都市交通工具的一种，是一种前所未有的交通工具。

目前常应用于个人交通、工作巡视、室内场馆、警察巡逻等场合。

具有方便、快捷、实用等特点，受到各方的喜爱。

其的核心部件就是控制系统，然而控制系统实现方式很多，本文采用AVR单片机的控制系统。

1 原理分析自平衡小车的平衡控制是通过负反馈来实现的，车体只会在轮子滚动的方向上发生倾斜，控制轮子的转动，抵消在一个维度上倾斜的趋势便可以保持车体的平衡了。

对于高度为L，质量为m的简单倒立摆。

受外力作用后，车模产生角加速度为x（t）。

沿着垂直于车模底盘方向进行受力分析，得到车模倾角与车轮运动加速度a（t）以及外力加速度x（t）之间运动方程。

此时有如下关系式：当角度θ很小时，车模运动方程：对应车模静止时，即a（t）=0，由运动方程可得，系统输入输出的传递函数为：此时系统的两个极点均位于S平面的右半平面，车模不稳定。

需引入比例，微分反馈系统。

引入比例、微分系统后，得系统传递函数为：此时系统两个极点为：此时，只需k1>g，k2>0，小车就能够保持直立稳定。

上面的系数k1、k2分别称为比例和微分控制参数。

其中微分参数k2相当于阻尼力，可以有效抑制小车的震荡。

通过微分抑制震荡在速度控制和方向控制上同样适用。

综上可知，只要合适的角度传感器精确测量小车倾角θ的大小和角速度θ’的大小，并使用陀螺仪，以及高扭力电机控制小车车轮的加速度便可实现小车的平衡运动。

双足行走机器人运动轨迹规划林保蛟;华云松;顾岩秀【摘要】针对双足行走机器人数学描述复杂,分析较为困难等问题,采用五次多项式插值法规划机器人的关节运动轨迹,为每个关节设计相应的轨迹,达到运动学求解过程中所得出的转动角度,使机器人从起始位置运动到某个规定的目标位置,实现机器人在作业空间的行走.通过对机器人运动轨迹的分析,结果表明了用五次多项式插值法是一种规划双足机器人步态行走的较好方法,得到的机器人关节运动轨迹图更加光滑平稳.【期刊名称】《电子科技》【年(卷),期】2017(030)002【总页数】4页(P45-48)【关键词】双足机器人;运动轨迹;五次多项式插值法【作者】林保蛟;华云松;顾岩秀【作者单位】上海理工大学光电信息与计算机工程学院,上海200093;上海理工大学光电信息与计算机工程学院,上海200093;上海理工大学光电信息与计算机工程学院,上海200093【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TP242双足行走机器人是一个多自由度、非线性、具有复杂动力学特性的多体系统, 21世纪以来，国内外许多个人和单位相继推出了各自研制的双足机器人，各国研究学者认为机器人技术对未来新兴产业的兴起和发展具有重要意义[1]。

因其外形和功能形似人类。

适合在人类生活和工作的环境中与人类协同工作[2-3]，还可代替人类在危险环境中作业，拓宽人类的活动空间[4]，有高度的适应性与灵活性。

实现稳定步行是双足机器人研究的首要任务[5]，合理的步态规划是机器人稳定步行的基础。

欧盟在第七框架计划(FP7)中规划了“认知系统与机器人技术”研究、美国启动了“国家机器人计划”、日本和韩国则针对服务型方面的机器人制定了主要的研究策略。

最具代表性的有日本早稻田大学加藤一郎教授研制的WAP系列样机,日本东京大学研制的HS、H6型仿人型双足步行机器人等。

我国同时在国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)、国家科技重大专项、国家自然科学基金等规划中对机器人技术的研究与发展应用给予重视[6]。

I. Multiple Choice:Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. (共80题)1. The special committee will consider whether or not he has been ____ serious professional misconduct.A. ignorant ofB. guilty ofC. innocent ofD. charged of参考答案. B2. But recent research suggests that both ________ occasional cardiac problems.A. causesB. causeC. may causeD. causing参考答案. C3. So long as you do not hold a negative concept of self or _________ failures but try to learn from them, you ______ a good chance to succeed in the future.A. identify with...stoodB. identified ...standC. identity with...standingD. identify with...stand参考答案. D4. We shall offer you advice, but you are under no _________ to follow it.A. invitationB. obligationC. momentumD. oppression参考答案. B5. There being so many loopholes in the laws and regulations, it is little wonder that a handful of ___________ got rich overnight.A. speculatoryB. speculativeC. speculationsD. speculators参考答案. D6. I don't mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.A. you to delay makingB. your delayingC. your delaying to makeD. you delay to make参考答案. B7. The organizers of the appeal are _____ out to the public in order to get their help.A. reachingB. comingC. goingD. holding参考答案. A8. I admire her courage, compassion and ___________ to the cause of humanity, justice and peace.A. dedicationB. determinationC. capabilityD. realism参考答案. A9. He said he’d give me a job and I _____ his word for it.A. believedB. acceptedC. tookD. got参考答案. C10. Teacher can easily ___________ the reasons why it seems more more and difficult for the students to learn English once theyhave understood the basic structures and patterns of the language.A. appreciationB. is aware ofC. understandD. comprehensive参考答案. C11. We've just installed central heating, _____ should make a tremendous difference to the house next winter.A. whatB. itC. thatD. which参考答案. D12. The underground leader didn't give ______ any of his comrades, no matter how cruelly he was tortured by the German fascists.A. upB. inC. offD. away参考答案. D13. In the light of this information, that country already has the capabilities to make nuclear weapons. Here in this sentence, "In thelight of" means ___________.A. Under the sunshine ofB. In accordance toC. According toD. Supporting参考答案. C14. You _____ him so closely ; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldn't followB. mustn't followC. couldn't have been followingD. shouldn't have been following参考答案. D15. Dr. Li has always been credited with being able to understand and sympathize with his patients. “Credited with” means _____ .A. rewarded forB. respected forC. regarded asD. remembered as参考答案. C16. The professor suggested that applicants for this position ____________ in both English and computer language.A. influenceB. fluencyC. be fluentD. acquaintance参考答案. B17. Wouldn't you rather your child ____ to bed early?A. goB. wentC. would goD. goes参考答案. B18. One of my classmates distinguished himself in the recent national CET (Band 4) test by scoring an incredible 100.A. took pride in himselfB. enjoyed himselfC. overworked himselfD. made himself well-known参考答案. D19. Do you think it's fair to keep a bird _____ in a cage all the time.A. restrictedB. limitedC. confinedD. enclosed20. Doctors are often caught in a _________ because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not.A. puzzleB. perplexityC. dilemmaD. bewilderment参考答案. C21. The highlight of our trip to Beijing was the visit to the Great Wall.A. the highest partB. the brightest partC. the lightest partD. the most interesting part参考答案. D22. Clare knew who wrote the letter, so without opening it she tore it in pieces in ______.A. excitementB. disappointmentC. disgustD. expectation参考答案. C23. The students ___________ their teacher to take them to Chinatown how the Chinese celebrated their New Year.A. success in persuadingB. prevail uponC. prevailed uponD. are convinced参考答案. C24. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestigeB. priorityC. superiorityD. publicity参考答案. C25. It is essential that children __________ taught to distinguish right ___________ wrong.A. is...andB. was...toC. were...forD. be...from参考答案. D26. There are signs _____ restaurants are becoming more popular with family.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. whose参考答案. A27. She is quite capable, but the problem is that she is not ____________.A. consistentB. insistentC. beneficentD. resistance参考答案. A28. Students typically spend their free time studying rather than _________ sports.A. playB. playingC. to playD. plays参考答案. B29. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _____ more women to takeadvantage of employment opportunities.A. have allowedB. allowC. allowingD. allows30. I wanted to buy a colour TV set this year, but my brother rejected the idea _____ a trip to the beach.A. instead ofB. in view ofC. in favour ofD. in case of参考答案. C31. ______ she realized it was too late to go home.A. No sooner it grew dark thanB. Hardly did it grow dark thatC. Scarcely had it grown dark thanD. It was not until dark that参考答案. D32. The way other people behave towards us influences how we ____________ ourselves.A. confront withB. associate withC. conceive ofD. go round参考答案. C33. The remedy proposed by Mr. Maxwell is simple, easy and ______.A. eternalB. ultimateC. influentialD. practicable参考答案. D34. _____________ repeated warnings from his friends, he staked all his money on high-risk ventures.A. Regardless ofB. In addition toC. Despite ofD. In spite参考答案. A35. The king was forced to leave the country over which he had _______ for more than thirty years.A. prevailB. reignedC. stumbledD. considered参考答案. B36. To their disappointment, the ambitious schemes for making big money eventually ___________.A. got to the pointB. took the initiativeC. lost their nerveD. came to nothing参考答案. D37. The little girl takes great _____ in playing with her dolls.A. pleasureB. delightC. happinessD. joy参考答案. B38. I'm very sorry for what has happened; the serious consequences ought to _____ out to those concerned at the very beginning.A. pointB. have pointedC. be pointedD. have been pointed参考答案. D39. Scientists are often fascinated by phenomena which many ordinary people ignore.A. surprisedB. deeply attractedC. disturbedD. fooled参考答案. B40. Penicillin can be taken in various forms and is ______ against a wide range of infections.A. effectiveB. immenseC. infiniteD. tremendous参考答案. A41. ______________ the feather lost in departure, no one would have known that the white bird had ever been.A. It were not forB. For it were notC. Not it were forD. Were it not for参考答案. D42. These figures are not consistent ________ the results obtained in previous experiments.A. toB. forC. withD. in参考答案. D43. The workers of the textile mill __________that trade union leaders be elected from the workshops.A. urgedB. relatedC. combatedD. adopted参考答案. A44. An _________ boom in tourism brought sudden prosperity to the small border town, which was formerly inhabited by only threehundred people.A. unparallelB. unpracticalC. unprecedentedD. uninterrupted参考答案. C45. If you build an extension to your house without the ___________ of the local planning authority, you will be ordered to demolishwhat you have built.A. concentrationB. consentC. constraintD. construction参考答案. B46. “Why do I have to spend my weekend ______ my bosses and colleagues at a hot spring?” says a __________ office lady with atrading company.A. along…28-years-oldB. to…28-years-oldC. for…28-year-oldD. with…28-year-old参考答案. D47. I wanted to tell her exactly what I thought, but I ________ when I came face to face with her and only said something quiteirrelevant.A. lost my nerveB. went out of my mindC. got to the pointD. took her word参考答案. A48. We could not look _______ while they were mistreated.A. atB. offC. forD. on参考答案. D49. The president promised to keep all the board members_____ of how the negotiations were going on.A. informB. informingC. be informedD. informed参考答案. D50. Some women _____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A. must makeB. should have madeC. would makeD. could have made参考答案. B51. Despite his newly acquired wealth, George is not a member of the __________ club of millionaires.A. consequentB. exclusiveC. residentialD. elite参考答案. B52. _____ she was living in Paris that she met her husband Terry.A. Just whenB. Soon afterC. It was whileD. During the time when参考答案. C53. The amount of water in the reservoir will diminish if the dry season continues.A. deteriorateB. vanishC. decreaseD. arise参考答案. C54. I suppose some people create an idea of who they want to be and, then they _______ it __________.A. work...overB. bear...outC. live...outD. cut...off参考答案. C55. The mechanic angrily ________ the tool aside and refused to work any longer.A. flingB. flungC. throwD. thrown参考答案. B56. Jane's anger could not be _____ when the conversation turned to the criticism of her own father.A. held onB. held outC. held backD. held up参考答案. C57. In many _____, women have yet to achieve full equality with men in the work place.A. a countryB. countryC. of a countryD. of country参考答案. A58. This thought had crossed Robyn’s mind before, but she had ________ it as ignoble.A. surpassedB. suppressedC. combatedD. banned参考答案. B59. According to the urban construction program, old buildings that are _____ repair should be blown up.A. inB. underC. out ofD. beyond参考答案. D60. Sam’s ________________ strength and movement are a result of regular fitness work with a world-famous coach.A. sensitiveB. exceptionalC. realisticD. consistent参考答案. B61. I don't think it realistic to turn ____ him ________ help. As a matter of fact, he himself is in need of help.A. for...toB. to...forC. about...toD. forward...to参考答案. B62. As I can remember very little about the rest of the day I ________________ that I must have been unconscious most of the time.A. preachB. theorizeC. awakenD. presume参考答案. D63. When you inquire about interest rates, it's important to ___________ compound interest and simple interest.A. formulateB. retainC. distinguish betweenD. circulate about参考答案. C64. The main reason for using alloys is to __________ the mechanical and physical properties of metals to suit the tiem beingmanufactured.A. heightenB. modityC. condemnD. impose参考答案. B65. These statistics have to be verified carefully because they are used to ________ policy and steer the economy.A. proclaimB. publicizeC. formulateD. adopt参考答案. C66. Though the accident happened 10 years ago, the memory of it still ______ me.A. hauntsB. reclaimsC. awakensD. paralyzes参考答案. A67. He said that it remained the aim of true comministes to _______ a classless society.A. strive forB. identify withC. conceive ofD. stake on参考答案. A68. Though he had fallen heir to a large fortune, Mr. Snow still lived a simple life. What does ‘had fallen heir to’ mean?A. had amassedB. had earnedC. had inheritedD. had saved参考答案. C69. Training is seen as the __________ of knowledge and skills for a specific purpose.A. assumptionB. acquisitionC. conceptionD. acceptance参考答案. B70. Two computer scientists were talking ____, and I could hardly understand a word they said.A. houseB. roadC. skyD. shop参考答案. D71. We should simply have obese children __________ their life-style.A. correctB. correctedC. to correctD. correctly参考答案. A72. In the United States, the television set has attained the rank of a legal necessity, safe from repossession _____ debt along withclothes, cooking utensils, and the like.A. on account ofB. at the risk ofC. in case ofD. in spite of参考答案. C73. So fast _____ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.A. has light travelledB. does light travelC. light travelsD. travels light参考答案. B74. I set off as soon as I got the news about my grandpa's illness. Unfortunately, he _____ before I _____ at the hospital.A. has died, arrivedB. had died, arrivedC. died, had arrivedD. died, have arrived参考答案. B75. Payment should be made ___________ to work done, not to the time taken to do it.A. proposalB. proportionalC. proportionD. partial参考答案. B76. Our top __________ is to do all that we can to help those out of work find jobs.A. priorityB. curriculumC. blueprintD. initiative参考答案. A77. As an artist, he will never come to anything. What does ‘come to anything’ mean?A. lose anythingB. get anythingC. achieve anythingD. miss anything参考答案. C78. George said he had decided to join the family firm, but he was ________ about the specific role he would play.A. viciousB. vagueC. literaryD. honorable参考答案. B79. We have been told that under no circumstances ______ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A. may we useB. we may useC. we could useD. did we use参考答案. A80. Fresh air, enough exercise and nutritious food _____ to good health.A. contributeB. addC. attributeD. distribute参考答案. AII. Fill in the blanks Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word in brackets. (共30题)1. Through years of hard work, they have turned the formerly barren land ________ fertile fields.参考答案. into2. Last frosts account _____ the poor fruit-crop of this year.参考答案. for3. (psychology) Is there any possible _________ explanation for his bad health?参考答案. psychological4. Thieves broke _______ last night while the family was away on vacation.参考答案. in5. (technique) Many people call the age we live in the age of ___________.参考答案. technology6. (urbanization) Also, the one-child policy, though now more relaxed, has prompted many ___________ parents to spoil their trasured offspring with a cascade of cakes and sweets.参考答案. urban7. He tries to set _________ at least half an hour every day for jogging.参考答案. aside8. (conserve) Actually, my management style has always been pretty _______________.参考答案. conservative9. (quality) Given approximately equal ___________ and circumstances, some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck.参考答案. qualifications10. Peter tends to look down _______ those who consider themselves always in the right.参考答案. upon11. (execute) The income of corporate __________ is proportional to the growth of corporate profits.参考答案. executives12. More and more people have come to realize that cancer of the lung has more to do _______ smoking than with anything else.参考答案. with13. Around half a million middle school graduates will sit ________ the university entrance examination this year.参考答案. for14. Grandfather sits _______ till the small hours reading almost every day; he hardly seems to need any sleep now.参考答案. up15. (reconcile) Nothing says he'll still be around when you're finally ready for the ___________________.参考答案. reconciliation16. A bad fire broke _______ in our laboratory last night and it took the firemen 2 hours to put it out.参考答案. out17. (account) On the face of it, dismissing the boss's friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way tomake senior managers more _____________.参考答案. accountable18. The mayor has promised to look _____the matter at once.参考答案. into19. After the children put up Christmas decorations, the classroom took ______ a holiday appearance.参考答案. on20. Once Tom had decided what he wanted, he would go ___________ it single-mindedly.参考答案. after21. (nation) ___________ trade, going traveling, and television have laid the groundwork for modern global life styles.参考答案. International22. Scientists have broken ____________ in various fields of research in recent years.参考答案. through23. (compete) After the _______________ college entrance exam some freshmen tend to fritter away their time.参考答案. competitive24. The blow knocked him unconscious and it was several minutes before he came _________.参考答案. to25. More and more youngsters in China are going _____ for sports.参考答案. in26. (patience) __________ drivers who habitually cut in are bound to cause an accident sooner or later.参考答案. impatient27. (appear) If you use this chemical to clean your shirt, the strains will ________________ immediately.参考答案. disappear28. (intend) The police didn't think that was an accident; all evidence went to prove the suspect had run over the young woman__________.参考答案. intentionally29. He said he’d give me a job and I took his word______ it.参考答案. for30. There we saw the majestic St. Peter’s Cathedral whose pointed tower stood ______ clearly against the blue sky.参考答案. outIII. Error IdentificationDirections: You are required to identify the only one mistake among the four underlined parts. (共20题)1. "Are there any mistakes(A) in the essay I wrote it(B) last week?" "No(C), there is no mistake(D) in it."参考答案：B2. Passing in(A) by two and three(B), and by different routes, they came together to the market-place at(C) an appointed(D) time.参考答案：B4. Nearly all trees(A) have seeds that(B) fall to the earth, take root(C), and eventually generates(D) new seeds.参考答案：D5. Faced with(A) the possibility of a water shortage during the summer months, the city has asked its(B) citizens to limit its(C) use of water(D).参考答案：C6. The country is like(A) a scoop of fertile land surrounding(B) on(C) three sides by deserts and mountains and on(D) the forth by the Persian Gulf.参考答案：B7. Music can make an exciting(A) story more(B) exciting, a sad one sad(C), a happy one gayer(D).参考答案：C8. A growing(A) influence in English social life was(B) the new middle classes, who(C) did not wish to appear(D) showy and overdressed.参考答案：C9. The book that(A) you see(B) laying(C) on the table belongs to(D) the teacher.参考答案：C10. Mr. Collins seemed neither(A) in need of(B) encouragement or(C) inclined(D) to be silent himself.参考答案：C11. At the beginning of each term(A) a list is published shown(B) all the lectures to be given(C) during the term(D).参考答案：B12. "I shouldn't go(A) to the meeting,” she wrote(B), "because(C) I have broken my leg(D)."参考答案：A13. If so, then(A) you can understand why(B) it is essential that(C) inflation is(D) controlled.参考答案：D14. In the anciently civilization(A) of Greece and Rome(B), thunder was believed to be(C) a manifestation of the anger(D) of the gods.参考答案：A15. Nearly all trees(A) have seeds that(B) fall to the earth, take root(C), and eventually generates(D) new seeds.参考答案：D16. A fair exam(A) gives more importance to the important aspects of the course, and lies(B) less emphasis on the unimportant(C)aspects of the course(D).参考答案：C18. The earliest kind of desk(A) was a box that had a sloping lid(B) under that(C) there was a storage space for writing materials(D).参考答案：C19. It is either(A) similar(B) or different from each of(C) the preceding prepositions(D).参考答案：B20. These street fashions(A) soon modified(B) by(C) designers and, ironically, became high fashion(D).参考答案：BIV. ClozeDirections: For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. (共15题)Traveling can be fun and easy. A vacation trip to another country is especially __1__ when the traveling conditions are good. Good traveling conditions __2__ a comfortable mode of transportation, knowledge of the__3__ language, familiarity __4__ the customs and habits of the people in the country, and pleasant traveling __5__ . All of us have had nice trips __6__ this.Most of us have also had trips that we would __7__ to forget. Many conditions can produce a bad __8__ experience. For example, if the four conditions __9__ above do not exist, we will probably have a bad experience, __10__ at best a difficult __11__ . Students who travel to __12__ country to study often have a difficult trip. They usually travel __13__ . They don’t know the language of the new country__14__ . They often arrive in the new country __15__ a huge international airport. From the airport, they need to find their way to their school .1.happy B. enjoyableC. amusedD. favorable参考答案. B2.A. includeB. concludeC. holdD. contain参考答案. A3.A. place’sB. area’sC. country’sD. city’s参考答案. C4.A. toB. forC. ofD. with参考答案. D5.A. companionsB. friendsC. comradesD. fellowsA. withB. asC. likeD. of参考答案. C7.A. haveB. thinkC. wishD. need参考答案. C8.A. trippingB. travelingC. passingD. visiting参考答案. B9.A. toldB. numberedC. talkedD. listed参考答案. D10.A. orB. andC. butD. so参考答案. A11.A. caseB. oneC. thingD. practice参考答案. B12.A. differentB. anotherC. foreignD. other参考答案. B13.A. separateB. lonelyC. aloneD. single参考答案. C14.A. yetB. eitherC. tooD. already参考答案. A15.A. fromB. toC. onD. at参考答案. DV. Directions: Translate the following into English.Directions: Translate the following into English. (共15题)1. 这位黑人领袖把为实现种族平等而奋斗终生当作自己的神圣义务。

我就曾经被问过屡次。

我会答复说不，我长大后不想当总统。

有一个年纪大的叔叔，当着母亲的面向我提出这个问烂了的问题，发现了我对当总统不感兴趣，他就接着又问：“那你长大了想干什么呢？〞3 I loved to pick through trash piles and collect empty bottles, tin cans with pretty labels, and discarded magazines. The most desirable job on earth sprang instantly to mind. “I want to be a garbage man,〞I said.我那时喜欢到垃圾堆上去拣东西，收集空瓶子、有漂亮标签的罐子和废弃的杂志。

世界上最吸引我的工作立刻浮现在我的脑子里。

“我想当一个垃圾工。

〞我说道。

4 My uncle smiled, but my mother had seen the first distressing evidence of a bump budding on a log. “Have a little gumption, Russell,〞she said. Her calling me Russell was a signal of unhappiness. When she approved of me I was always “Buddy〞.叔叔听后笑了，而母亲却觉察到了我那呆头呆脑的苗头，不免伤心。

“有点上进心吧，拉塞尔。

〞她说道。

她叫我“拉塞尔〞说明她不快乐，因为她夸我的时候总是叫我“小家伙〞。

5 When I turned eight years old she decided that the job of starting me on the road toward making something of myself could no longer be safely delayed, “Buddy ,〞she said one day, “ I want you to come home right after school this afternoon. Somebody’s coming and I want you to meet him.〞转眼间我长到了八岁，她觉得我得找个工作，开始踏上那条让我自己成就点什么的道路，而不能再四平八稳地坐失良机了。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to （） that it was a car.问题1选项A.ensureB.examineC.verifyD.testify【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。

句意：飞机发现了这个地点，并盘旋着靠近，以证实这是一辆汽车。

verify指证明，证实；testify指作证。

选项C更符合语境。

2.单选题The encouraging factor is that the （）majority of people find the idea of change acceptable. 问题1选项A.numerousB.vastC.mostD.massive 【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。

the vast majority of指“绝大部分，绝大多数”。

选项B正确。

3.单选题Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.“On e man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.”Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4, 800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.1.According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to （）.2.Adam Smith saw that the division of labor （）.3.Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to （）.4.According to the writer, Adam Smith’s mistake was in believing that division of labor （） .5.Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage?问题1选项A.take advantage of the division of laborB.introduce the division of labor into EnglandC.understand the effects of the division of laborD.explain the causes of the division of labor问题2选项A.enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB.increased the possible output per workerC.increased the number of people employed in factoriesD.improved the quality of pins produced问题3选项A.show the advantages of the division of laborB.show the advantages of the old craft systemC.emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasD.emphasize the importance of increased production问题4选项A.was an efficient way of organizing workB.was an important development in methods of productionC.certainly led to economic developmentD.increased the production of existing goods问题5选项A.Adam Smith, the English EconomistB.The Theory of Division of LaborC.Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing WorkD.Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of Labor【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。