下载文档原格式
小词不可忽视-冠词、介词、数词和代词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试) Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years. They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people， __1. causing__ (cause) a far－reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives. The traditional Chinese marriage usually __2. involves__ (involve) some necessary procedures，such as match－making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. __3. In__ addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged， __4. what__ follows is a __5. choice__ (choose) of the date of their marriage.Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends __6. to attend__ (attend) the wedding. However，quite a few others，especially __7. those__ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. The wedding ceremony is usually hosted __8. warmly__ (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with __9. a__ unique banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a __10. healthy__ (health) baby and so on.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。
经常考查的并列句和三大从句提分单句训练Ⅰ. 单句填空❶(2018·北京东城区二模)Nobody can go back and start a new beginning， __but__ anyone can start now and make a new ending.解析：考查连词。
空格前的句意为“没有人可以回到过去重新开始”，空格后的句意为“谁都可以从现在开始做个新的结束”，所以前后句是转折的关系，故填but。
❷(2018·天津)Kae， __whose__ sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.解析：考查定语从句关系词。
句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。
我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。
分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister 的定语，故用关系代词whose。
练有小得：分析定语从句需抓住两点：1. 找准先行词；2. 看先行词在从句中所作的成分。
抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
❸(2018·合肥三模)The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two “yang” numbers，and “chong” in Chinese means double，which is __how__ the name “Chongyang” came into being.解析：考查名词性从句。
句意：这就是重阳这个名字如何形成的。
________ the name “Chongyang” came into being在句中作表语，从句中缺少方式状语，故用how引导宾语从句。
❹(2018·威海二模)As a local saying goes：“If you cannot find someone，he or she is either playing mahjong __or__ on the way to play mahjong. ”解析：考查连词。
动词形式最常考，“谓”与“非谓”要辨清考点2 复杂多变的非谓语动词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·福州市八县市一中联考) China is in mourning after its most famous and oldest captive(被圈养的) panda Basi died __1. aged__ (age) thirtyseven. Basi was born in the wild in 1980. At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was __2. fortunately__ (fortune) rescued by some local villagers __3. living__ (live) in Baoxing County in southwest China’s Province. The locals handed her over to the Strait Panda Research and Exchange Centre in Fuzhou，where she lived the rest of her life. Basi came to fame shortly __4. after__ she was chosen as the model for Pan Pan，the mascot of the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing.Basi never bred(繁殖) but overcame several severe __5. illnesses__ (ill) to live for more than __6. twice__ (two) the 15－year life expectancy of wild pandas. Basi __7. was confirmed__ (confirm) to be the world’s oldest captive panda by Guinness World Records in August. Captive pandas tend to live __8. longer__ (long) due to better nutrition and living conditions. Word has come __9. that__ Basi’s body will be put in Basi Museum，which is __10. under__ construction at present for people to remember her forever and share the spirit of the harmonious development between humans and nature.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。
动词形式最常考，“谓”与“非谓”要辨清考点1 千变万化的谓语动词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估) Lanzhou beef noodle is one of China’s most representative flour－made foods while pasta (意大利面食) is one famous Western fancy food. An event，“When Lanzhou beef noodle meets pasta” ， __1. connecting__ (connect) city food cultures，was held at the Beijing Ritz－Carlton Hotel on October 11，2017 to show the interaction.Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its __2. tasty__ (taste) beef，soup and noodles. Lanzhou is also qualified as __3. the__ hometown of Chinese beef noodle. __4. As__ one major city along the ancient Silk Road，Lanzhou has witnessed the efforts of our ancestors and their achievements of developing the Silk Road，according to Zhang Hui，deputy director with the Publicity Department of the CPC Committee of Lanzhou.Lanzhou’s cooking culture __5. has developed__ (develop) its own time－honored characteristics over the years. The event will make Lanzhou beef noodle well－known not only across Lanzhou， __6. but__ across the world through the Belt and Road Initiative thanks to the __7. participation__ (participate) of the two countries’noodle masters. It will also improve cultural exchanges，Zhang added. Lanzhou people would like to work with friends at home and abroad __8. to promote__ (promote) the development of cooking and we __9. sincerely__ (sincere) hope more cultural exchanges of this kind __10. will be held__ (hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。
词性转换、比较等级和名词的数提分单句训练Ⅰ. 单句填空❶(2018·蚌埠二模)At the last weekend of November，I drove to Fragrant Hills Park to see red __leaves__ (leaf) with my wife.解析：考查名词的数。
句意：在十一月份的最后一个周末，我开车和妻子去香山看红叶。
leaf是可数名词，根据语境可知该处用leaf的复数形式。
❷(2018·威海二模)Chengdu has the __highest__ (high) density(密度) of restaurants of any city in the world—there are around 40,000.解析：考查比较等级。
根据该空前的定冠词the和设空后的介词短语in the world可判断出该空用最高级。
❸(2018·遂宁三模) __Traditionally__ (tradition)，food eaten on this day renamed after parts of the dragon.解析：考查词形转换。
该空在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词，故填Traditionally。
❹(2018·唐山三模)Others argue that it’s not __reasonable__ (reason) to link degrees with swimming ability.解析：考查词形转换。
该空在句中作表语，应用形容词，故填reasonable。
❺(2018·枣庄二模)Our day was filled with __laughter__ (laugh)，lots of selfies(自拍)，chatting about experiences and also complaints of how steep the steps were the higher we climbed。
经常考查的并列句和三大从句第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·湖北八校高三第一次联考) China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquette(礼仪)”. According to historical documents，as early as 2,600 years ago，this nation has already established a thorough set __1. of__ dining etiquette.A famous 19th century Russian writer，Anton Chekhov，once invited a Chinese man __2. to have__ (have) a drink in a bar Chekhov said，“Before drinking from his cup，he held __3. it__ with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders，__4. saying__ (say) ’qing (please)’. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink， __5. but__ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time. With every sip(一小口)，he __6. ate__ ( eat ) some food. Afterwards he handed me some Chinese __7. coins__ (coin) to show gratitude. This is a rather interestingly polite nationality. . . ” This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person __8. that__ was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt __9. seriously__ (serious) with； the __10. more important__ (important) the occasion，the more complex the procedures were.文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
动词形式最常考，“谓”与“非谓”要辨清考点2 复杂多变的非谓语动词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·福州市八县市一中联考) China is in mourning after its most famous and oldest captive(被圈养的) panda Basi died __1. aged__ (age) thirtyseven. Basi was born in the wild in 1980. At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was __2. fortunately__ (fortune) rescued by some local villagers __3. living__ (live) in Baoxing County in southwest China’s Province. The locals handed her over to the Strait Panda Research and Exchange Centre in Fuzhou，where she lived the rest of her life. Basi came to fame shortly __4. after__ she was chosen as the model for Pan Pan，the mascot of the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing.Basi never bred(繁殖) but overcame several severe __5. illnesses__ (ill) to live for more than __6. twice__ (two) the 15－year life expectancy of wild pandas. Basi __7. was confirmed__ (confirm) to be the world’s oldest captive panda by Guinness World Records in August. Captive pandas tend to live __8. longer__ (long) due to better nutrition and living conditions. Word has come __9. that__ Basi’s body will be put in Basi Museum，which is __10. under__ construction at present for people to remember her forever and share the spirit of the harmonious development between humans and nature.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。
小词不可忽视-冠词、介词、数词和代词Ⅰ. 单句填空❶(2018·龙岩二模)The local drama “Huiban” was popular in South China during the __eighteenth/18th__ (eighteen) century.解析：考查数词。
设空前是定冠词the，设空后是名词century，表在“几世纪”，应用序数词。
❷(2018·银川一中三模)Zhang Xiaoquan Scissors are produced in Hangzhou City，__the__ provincial capital of Zhejiang Province in East China.解析：考查冠词。
句意：张小泉剪刀产于杭州市。
杭州是华东浙江省的省会城市。
该处特指杭州是浙江省的省会城市，应用定冠词the。
❸(2018·龙岩二模)It is the most well－known Chinese opera form，recognized as “Oriental Opera” __with__ a long history of 160 years.解析：考查介词。
句意：它是最著名的中国戏剧形式，被认为是有着160年历史的东方戏剧。
表“有多长时间的历史”，应用with a history of. . . 。
❹(2017·石家庄考前模拟)Sugar paintings are made of melted brown or white sugar，with which craftsmen can paint __a__ variety of animals and flowers.解析：考查冠词。
设空与空后的variety of构成固定短语，a variety of，意为“各种各样的”。
❺(2018·黄冈二模)If we are not aware __of__ these differences，some unusual things might happen.解析：考查介词。
【考纲解读】高考短文改错着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。
此题型不仅要求考生牢固的掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。
它针对考生平时学习英语过程中，尤其是在写作中常犯的错误而设计的，考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。
【试题特点】一般来说，短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生文章或类似于考生习作的文章。
所选材料篇幅较短，约100词左右，10—12个句子；难度不大，基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。
短文改错的话题较常见，通常是叙述一个事情或说明一个事物。
从体裁上看，历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。
通常从词法，句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，错误类型有多词，缺词，和错词三种，比例一般为错词：多词：缺词=8（7）：1（2）：1短文改错：近三年的对比分析2019—2019年英语新课标全国I卷短文改错考向双向细目表【备考启示】（1）要学会分析句子结构，尤其是较复杂的句子，弄清词性与句子成分之间的关系，多从语法角度考虑语言运用的准确性，不要随便改变词义（行文逻辑错误除外），纠正错误要从同根词上考虑，如词性、词形变化等。
（2）把握语言运用的多样性，多从句意和语义方面考虑语言运用的正确与否。
（3）加强基础知识训练，正确把握常用词语的用法和搭配。
（4）严格按照题目指令规范答题，减少非智力因素造成的失误。
【高考预测】根据上表可知，近三年新课标卷I短文改错的高频考点为名词单复数、连词、冠词、介词、形容词和副词、动词时态和代词。
出题遵循的原则：＂一删，一添，八改＂。
文章共8—10个句子。
预计2019年高考短文改错还会延续此原则，从词法、句法、行文逻辑三个方面来出题，难度不高。
词性转换、比较等级和名词的数第一组Ⅰ.语法填空(2018·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试) The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together __1. to develop__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria __2. are__ (be) able to resist __3. powerful__ (power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name“superbug”.The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human __4. health__ (healthy). It said they have __5. the__ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material __6. that/which__ helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.Marie－Paule Kieny is the Assistant Director－General at the WHO. She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out __7. of__ treatment options.” She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments.“If we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most __8. urgently__ (urgent)need are not going to be developed in time，” she said.Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9. required__ (require) by doctors. When this happens，infections that __10. were treated__ (treat) at one time easily become resistant.文章大意：本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。
❶解析：考查非谓语动词。
此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to develop。
❷解析：考查动词时态。
此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。
❸解析：考查形容词。
此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。
❹解析：考查名词。
介词后跟名词、代词或动词－ing形式作宾语。
human health意为”人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。
❺解析：考查冠词。
ability被不定式短浯“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。
❻解析：考查定语从句。
that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。
❼解析：考查介词。
固定搭配run out of意为“用完”，故填介词of。
❽解析：考查副词。
副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。
故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。
❾解析：考查非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知，require 和amount 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
○10解析：考查动词时态和语态。
根据时间状语“at one time ”可知，treat 所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat 和infections 是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
Ⅱ.短文改错(2018·河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估)After the supermarket cashier added to my groceries ，it was $12 over what I had on me. I am about to remove items embarrassed from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note.“Please don ’t put yourself out ，” I told him.“Let me tell you story ，” he said.“My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower. I went this morning ，and she got very much angry with me for spend my money on more flowers. She demanded that I did something else with that money. But ，here ，please accept this. It ’s your mother ’s flowers.”答案：After the supermarket cashier added to upmy groceries, it was $12 over what I had on me. I am was about to remove items embarrassed embarrassedlyfrom the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note.“Please don ’t put yourself out ，” I told him.“Let me tell you ∧astory ，” he said.“My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower flowers . I went this morning, and she got verymuchangry with me for spend spendingmy money on more flowers. She demanded that I did do something else with that money. But So， here, please accept this. It ’s your mymother ’s flowers.” ❶解析：to 改为up 。
超市收银员累加(add up)“我”购买的食品杂货后，其总价钱比“我”所带的钱还要多12美元。
add to 表示“添加”，add up “把……加起来”，故此处应把to 改为up 。
❷解析：am 改为was 。
此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
❸解析：embarrassed 改为embarrassedly 。
此处用副词embarrassedly “尴尬地”来修饰动词remove 。
❹解析：story 前加a 。
story 为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，story 的发音以辅音音素开头，故需加冠词a 。
❺解析：flower 改为flowers 。
根据flower 是可数名词可知，此处应用其复数形式。
a bunch of flowers “一束花”。
❻解析：删除angry 前的much 。
此处修饰形容词angry ，应用very ，much 多余。
❼解析：spend 改为spending 。
介词后应使用动名词作宾语。
❽解析：did 改为do 。
demand “要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词使用“should＋do”的形式，其中should可以省略。
故把did改为do。
❾解析：But改为So。
根据语境可知，此处表示结果，故把But改为So。
10解析：your改为my。
根据语境可知，此处指“我妈妈的花”，故把your改为my。
○第二组Ⅰ.语法填空(2017年11月浙江高考)Easy Ways to Build VocabularyIt’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，s __1. anit__ ongoing proces’and the best part of the process is that theres enough rooms’，，tfor improvemen__’2. whichll just keep getting better and better. Of course__ means yonyou have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few __3. months__ (month) of exercise in__ the rest of your lif4. foryour teens would be enough __es also true for building，’and thatyour vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the ____ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You5. effectiveneed to ____ (real) read at least one good book a wee6. reallyk，preferably a classic. This t as hard as i’isnt ____ (sound7. sounds，)and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while ____ (read) an interesting piece of literature.8. reading__ (they) use unconscio Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and __9. theirusly，10. learned/learntmeaning that you will tend to use the words ____ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.文章大意：本文主要讲述了积累词汇的一些方法。
