2017考研英语复习资料-非谓语动词
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考研英语语法之非谓语动词语法在英语考试中总是被同学们忽视,很少有人能体会到它真正的作用。
今天就和大家来探究一下语法中的非谓语动词,看看这一知识点是否可以解决一直困扰你的难题。
首先非谓语动词有三种形式:v-ing、v-ed和to do不定式。
我们结合着例子一起来分析分析。
1.The boy sitting in the classroom is my brother.在这个例子里面,sitting就是非谓语动词。
有同学就有疑问了,v-ing不是表示进行时吗?为什么它不是谓语动词呢?的确,进行时里面的动词要变为-ing 形式,但关键在于进行时的完整结构应该是be+v-ing,比如说,I am reading。
这里的reading为什么属于谓语动词的一部分,就是因为它与前面的be动词构成了完整的进行时结构,而例句中只有sitting而没有be动词,进行时结构不完整,所以sitting不具备谓语动词的功能,属于非谓语动词,在句子里面作为修饰主语的后置定语。
接下来在看看更让人不解的v-ed形式,因为v-ed形式如果作为动词的过去式的话,在句子中是可以做谓语动词的,因此不能作为谓语动词的v-ed,准确来说,应该是动词的过去分词形式。
那究竟怎么来判断呢?我们看到例22. The boy praised by the teacher is my brother.这句话里面的praised就不是谓语动词。
因为我们可以看到一个很明显的被动语态的标志“by”,所以the boy和praised处于被动关系。
那被动语态完整的应该是be+v-ed形式,那么在这个例子里面还是同样的道理,因缺失了be动词,构不成完整的被动语态,单单一个praised就不能担任谓语动词,最终变为主语the boy的后置定语。
总结一下就是:如果主语和后面的v-ed形式有着被动关系,但却缺少be动词,这时的v-ed形式就不是谓语动词了。
最后我们来看to do不定式是一个怎样的情况。
考研非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词在考研英语中占据着重要的地位,对于考生来说,熟练掌握其用法是取得高分的关键之一。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),它们在句子中不充当谓语,但具有动词的特征,可以带宾语、状语等。
下面我们就来详细总结一下非谓语动词的用法。
一、动词不定式动词不定式由“to +动词原形”构成,有时可以省略“to”。
其具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
1、作主语To err is human (犯错是人之常情。
)To learn a foreign language well is not easy (学好一门外语不容易。
)需要注意的是,动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语后置,常见的句型有:It + is + adj +(for/of sb)+ to do sth 例如:It is important for us to learn English well (对我们来说学好英语很重要。
)2、作宾语常见的动词后接不定式作宾语,如:want, hope, wish, decide, plan, expect 等。
例如:I want to go home (我想回家。
)有些动词后接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语,如:know, learn, wonder, show 等。
例如:I don't know what to do (我不知道该做什么。
)3、作定语动词不定式作定语时,通常置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:I have a lot of work to do (我有很多工作要做。
)4、作状语表示目的、结果、原因等。
例如:He came here to see me (他来这儿看我。
目的状语)He is too young to go to school (他太小了,不能上学。
结果状语)5、作补语常见的动词后接不定式作宾语补足语,如:ask, tell, want, allow, permit 等。
非谓语动词,顾名思义就是动词在句子中充当谓语以外的其他成分,其表现形式往往包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词存在的意义在于使句子的表达更简洁,但由于受“一个句子只有一个谓语动词”、“找主干先找谓语动词”等原则的影响,非谓语动词的出现往往干扰我们对句子结构的判断。
这就是谓语动词之所以令人头痛的关键所在,但它并非不可识破。
以下是几种常见的非谓语动词做主语、定语、状语的情况,考研1号的编辑老师们分享给大家,希望能对2017考研的小伙伴在复习考研英语的时候有帮助。
一、非谓语动词做主语作用:实现动词的名词化表达,使句子更简洁。
例句:To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies.(认为孩子学习是考模仿,教育的方式就是树立榜样,这些说法都过于简单了。
)解析:句子主干为To say ... oversimplifies. 这个句子的难点就在于充当主语的是一个动词不定式:To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example;且在这个不定式中出现了两个并列的宾语从句做say的宾语,加大了理解难度。
the child learns by imitation是第一个宾语从句,the way to teach is to set a good example 是第二个宾语从句二、非谓语动词做定语作用:代替起修饰限定作用的定语从句,使句子更简洁。
例句:The women picking the blackberry is her mother.(那个摘黑莓的女人就是她妈妈。
)解析:句子的主干是the women is her mother,非谓语动词picking the blackberry作为定语修饰the women,其实相当于一个定语从句,可以改写成 the women who is picking the blackberry.三、非谓语动词做状语作用:将两个具有共同主语的句子合为一个,使句子更简洁。
蒋华万学教育总部教学研究中心第一章动词及其非谓语动词动词1.It used to be so straightforward. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations(关系)from the paper and send it to their peers for review.2.No longer. The Internet …is making access to scientific results a reality.3.If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.→It can be learned from the first paragraph that _________.[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant分词、(动名词、不定式)1. 分词的构成和意义a.现在分词b.过去分词2.分词的语法功能(1)分词做定语a)People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.b)(2006Text4)After all, what is one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness?(2)分词做状语*Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.Given more time, I would be able to complete it.Reading the letter, she burst out crying.Mocked by everybody, he had my sympathy.Exhausted by the walk, he continued his journey.独立主格结构独立主格结构的实质就是分词的逻辑主语和主句主语不一致了。
2017考研英语非谓语动词翻译练习题及答案考研网为大家提供2017考研英语非谓语动词翻译练习题及答案,更多考研英语复习资料及复习方法请关注我们网站的更新!2017考研英语非谓语动词翻译练习题及答案1.与过去相比,现在学校更加重视( lay emphases)对学生能力的培养,不是仅仅关心考试成绩。
(more than)Compared with the past, schools are laying more emphases on training students'abilities than being concerned about the success of exams.2.知道了这孩子生病,父母马上送他到医院。
( send)Knowing that the child was ill, his parents sent him to hospital at once.3.笑话没有代代相传的成语源源留长。
( not as …as )Jokes are as permanent/long-lasting as proverbs passed on from generation to generation.4.考虑到他的实用价值,这本书值得一读。
( worth)Considering its practical value, the book is well worth reading.5.在许多证据面前,那人不得不承认那是他第五次在夜里抢劫别人。
( face)Facing/faced with so much evidence the man had to admit that it was the fifth time that he had robbed people at night.6.世界各国领导人在会上就如何反对恐怖主义( terrorism)发表了各自的意见。
考研英语非谓语动词例句考研英语非谓语动词是一个重要的语法知识点,用于表示动词的主语或宾语,或者表示主语或宾语的状态。
下面是一些常见的非谓语动词形式及其例句:1. -ing 形式:表示正在进行的动作或状态,如:I am watching TV now.(我正在看电视)拓展:-ing 形式还可以表示动词的主语,如:The boy is playing basketball now.(那个男孩正在打篮球)2. -ed 形式:表示完成的动作或状态,如:I have eaten breakfast.(我已经吃了早餐)拓展:-ed 形式还可以表示动词的宾语,如:He gave me a book yesterday.(他昨天给了我一本书)3. -ing 形式 (动词+ing):表示动态的动作或状态,如:I like playing soccer.(我喜欢踢足球)拓展:-ing 形式还可以表示动词的主语,如:The student is studying for the exam.(那个学生正在为考试而学习)4. -ed 形式 (形容词+ed):表示被动的动作或状态,如:The book was read by many people.(这本书被很多人读过)拓展:-ed 形式还可以表示动词的宾语,如:The book has been read by many people.(这本书已经被很多人读过了)5. -ing 形式 (副词+ing):表示正在进行的动作或状态,如:I am having a shower now.(我正在洗澡)拓展:-ing 形式还可以表示动词的主语,如:He is singing a song now.(他现在正在唱歌)以上是一些常见的非谓语动词形式及其例句。
在考研英语中,考生需要注意非谓语动词的用法和语法规则,并熟练掌握各种非谓语动词形式之间的转换和区别。
英语非谓语动词知识点1) 总的概述:不定式作主语——具体的,一次性的To understandothers is hard.动名词作主语——一般的,经常性的Washing clothes is her daily job.分词不能作主语——分词有形/副的作用,但主语只能是带有名词意义的词2) 具体用法:动名词在句型里作主语的运用:i. It’s no good/ useless/ a waste of time/ a good pleasure + doi ng sth. (it’s+形容词/形容词性短语+doing)It’s a waste of time dating you.ii. It’s + adj. + 动名词It’s delighted playing.iii. There was/ is + no + doingThere is no standing still in this life.1) 不定式的逻辑主语不定式不能作自己的主语,但在意思上仍然有履行该动作的逻辑主语,其逻辑主语前总有“for/ of”的标志。
It’s foolish of you to stay away from your family.The hardest thing is for him to give up.She was sent there to be trained as a teacher.2) 动名词的逻辑主语当动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时,应在动名词前加上物主代词/名次属格来作其逻辑主语。
Your being curious almost hurt yourself.3) There be句型Of there beingHe spoke of there being a magnificent ranch.For / about there to beIt’s easy for there to be a gap between parents and children.1) 能接动名词作宾语的动词为防止危险-禁止犯罪-假设犯,应坦白/成认escape/ avoid-forbid- confess/ acknowledge/ admit男方推迟约会-女方介意,忍耐,原谅-再犯,放弃put off/delay-mind/tolerate/endure/excuse/pardon/forgive-give up提倡的建议-被民众喜欢/感激advocate/ suggest-enjoy/ appreciate2) 介词后只能接动名词Feel like doing sth.Be/ get used to doing sth.其他的都是介词+(in)doing sth.1) 能接不定式为宾语的动词往往差生-自愿参军-准备提出申请-等待同意tend-volunteer-prepare/ offer-agree渴望梦想-下定决心-做好计划/打算-尽力/设法去实现long-determine-plan/ aim-endeavor/manage未能拒绝要求-假装(做外表工作)fail/ refuse/ ask/ claim/ demand-pretend2) 连词except/ but与不定式except/but只能与不定式,不能与动名词连用We have no choicebut to wait.但假设前有do,那么except/but后也只能加do(前后一致)Iwould do anything for you except to be a missioner.1) 接动名词/不定式,意思都不变的动词喜欢一个人-憎恨麻烦-宁可不追求like/love-hate-prefer计划/试图创业-开始遇难-无法继续-停止告终intend/attempt-begin/start-continue-cease假设like/love/hate/prefer前有should/would,那么只能接不定式(本来would/should只能接动原,为让步,加带“to”的动原)Iwould like to have a drink.2) 接动名词/不定式,会改变本义的动词进程改变(to do未完成;doing正在做/做过了)记得-忘记-后悔-停止-继续remember/forget-regret-stop-go on意义改变当别人需要你时-尝试忍住不耐-设法去帮助他们need-try/ stand-mean/ helpTo do人设法做不忍心想要做帮助Doing物(主作被)试着做忍受意味着禁不止3) 在这些动词这,动名词作宾语,不定式作宾语补足语该俱乐部只允许有推荐信的人申请-假设无,那么禁止入内-建议呱permit/ allow-remend-forbid-adviseIdon’t allow you to go.My dad doesn’t allow smokingin our family.1) 分词作补语-现在分词~动作正在进行/状态;过去分词~被动Iheard someone knocking at the door.(就省去that和was了)She kept us waiting for 2 hours!Iheard the song sung.(用歌被唱表示人在唱歌)不定式作补语-还未完成Please remind me to take my medicine.我想要劝他去帮助1) Want/wish-后加(to be) doneIwant it finished today.2) 表示劝请/要求Teac h/ ask/ remind…表示劝请/要求的动词后都可以接sb. to do sth.Ididn’t ask you to do it for me.Hope/ agree/ suggest/demand/decide后不可加sb. to do sth. Hope/ agree/ suggest + thatDemand/ decide + to do3) 使役动词have/make/let后加不带to的不定式,但在动词为主语的被动语态时可接to doHe makes his son study.He was made to study.4) Help后加不加to都无所谓You got to help me to fix it.Idon’twant to help you fix it.现在分词-性质:It is exciting.过去分词-状态:The store is closed.Washing clothes is my daily task.在主系表句型中,假设主语局部有实义动词do的某种形式,那么作主语补足语的不定式既可以带to也可不带toThe last thing Iwant to do is (to) arguewith you.分词:Not obtaining a ticket for the match动名词:Not being tall不定式:Not to be tallThe racing horse = thehorse is racingA fallen leaf = a leaf that alreadyfallen.The buildingpleted before = the buildingwas pleted before. The washing machine= themachineis for washing.The meeting to be continued is on our top agenda.1) 分词-时间/原因/让步/条件/方式/伴随伴随:Iwas sad, wandering alone the river.原因:Being a good father, Ineed to work harder.条件:Given more time, Icould make it.2) 不定式-目的/结果/原因目的:To satisfymyself, Idecide to have a good meal.结果:Iwas too scareto ask him. / The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, only to be captured by the police each time.1) 分词的独立结构(修饰分句)假设分词修饰的主语与主句的主语不一致,那么分词要有自己的逻辑主语——逻辑主语+分词(可表时间/原因/伴随/条件/目的)The guest having departed, I laid on my bed and fall asleep. Time permitting, we should stay here a littlebit longer.Her son lost, she got crazy.2) 某些不加逻辑主语的分词短语的独立结构(修饰全句)总的/严格来说-假设这是判断题-该如何判断是否正确呢Generally/strictly speaking-provided/providing/suppose/ given-judgingfrom谈到未来的职业选择-考虑到我的兴趣-是在关于,包括语言方面的-既然是这样,所以我决定考研talking of-considering/ given-regarding/concerning-including-seeing that3) 不定式的独立结构To tell the truth; to be plain with you; to be brief; to be honest; to sum up; to cut a long story short; to say the least; to be sure; to begin with; not to mention; strangeto say; needless to say; to conclude(其实2和3这两个知识点都是一样的,分词和不定式的独立结构都是在修饰全句,而不是单单一个主语,因此我们可以把这些分词和不定式的独立结构看作一个固定搭配。
考研英语语法讲解非谓语动词考研英语语法讲解非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
非谓语是考研英语中的常考点,娴熟地掌握它的用法对于我们来说有着重要的意义。
考研英语教研组的'专家们主要从以下几个方面来对它进行介绍:一、有的固定动词后面既可以接动词不定式或动名词,充当宾语的成分,但其表达的意思非常的不同。
mean to do想要(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事)mean doing意味(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事) forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember doing记得(已做过的事) go on to do继而(做另一件事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop doing停止正在做的事比如:I remember to deal with this urgent issue tomorrow.I remember sending you a postcard last Christmas.二、不定式的习惯用法,即他们之间形成一个固定的搭配。
这样有两种大的情形:1,cannot help but do cannot but docannot choose but do can do nothing but dohave no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近,即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。
其共同的特点是都有一个否定词和but。
比如:I have no choice but to abide by what you have told me.2,be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.It’s no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.cannot help doing sth.比如:I can not help crying at the sight of the touching movie,There is no point in talking about non-sense like that,I have difficulty in passing the exam without your great help.对于以上非谓语的用法,很多都是固定的搭配,提议广大考生在复习的时候,把它们背诵下来,滚瓜烂熟,脱口而出,对于考研肯定有很大的帮助,特别是以上短语在考研写作中有时真的是画龙点睛,给人眼前一亮的感觉。
1.动名词多表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念或一个已经完成了的动作,强调的是事情本身。
而不定式则表示具体的第一次行为或将来的动作,强调的是动作本身,不过有时二者之间区别很小。
如:Reading English novels is really great fun.读英语小说真有趣。
To read English novels this evening will take most of my time.今晚读英语小说会花去我很多时间。
2.动词不定式作主语时,常用形式主语结构,而动名词作语时较少使用形式主语,只有在It is no good/no use/useless/fun/interesing/hard/difficult等句型中常用it作形式主语。
如:It is hard to make him change his mind.很难让他改变主意。
It is fun talking with a foreign teacher. 跟外教谈话真有趣。
3.不定式作主语的被动语态句子,必须用形式主语结构。
如:It was decided to set up a new football club in our school.已经决定在我们学校建立一个足球俱乐部。
4.在口语中,用动名词作主语置于句首的情况要比不定式多。
5.疑问句中,一般多用动名词的复合结构作主语,而不用不定式复合结构。
如:Does our helping mean a lot to all of you?我们提供帮助对你们很重要吗?6.在句型“There be no+主语”中,习惯上常用动名词作主语,且不带逻辑主语。
如:There is no parking around here.这周围不准停车。
There is no telling what will happen. (=It is impossible to tell What will happen.)无法知道会发生什么。
2017考研英语复习资料-非谓语动词第一节动名词定义:动词的ing形式起名词作用时,称为动名词, 在句中作1.作主语: Dancing bored be.2.作表语: Her hobby is collecting stamps.3.作宾语:Please stop talking.4.作介词的宾语:She was looking forward to leaving the hospital wards1.动名词结构作主语1.一般结构:Reading French is easier than speaking it.Talking to him is talking to a wall.Lying in bed is my solo exercise.Seeing is believing.Talking mends no holes.2.先行词it作,动名词主语置后:It’s nice seeing you again.Is it worthwhile quarreling with her?It is tiring driving from morning till night.It’s a wonder meeting you here.It’s been a kind of misfortune having my class.3.There is + no +动名词,表示“没法......”= there is no way to do sth.There is no living in Beijing.There was arguing with her2.动名词结构作表语Her hobby is eating.She likes reading books.Denying this will be shutting one’s eyes to facts.His aim is everybody having a good time. (everybody作having a good time的逻辑主语)3.动名词结构作宾语Do you enjoying teaching?Other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.Teachers’ union have fought against dismissing bad teachers and promoting good one.4.动名词结构作介词的宾语He has given up taking medicine.She insisted on writing at once.Are you interested in going with us?I was afraid of making friends.They accused him of taking bribes.5.介词+动名词构成状语Think twice before making up your mind.And, in doing so, he fell into contradictions.After standing in the queue in four hours, we got two tickets.Instead of going to the haven, we went to the hell.6.介词+动名词构成定语He is good at the art of making friends.To whom do I have the honor of speaking.It’s a device for opening bottles.第二节分词定义:分词分为现在分词doing和过去分词done,补充说明名词或动词的状态,有形容词和副词的语法功能。
用来替换基本句式中的形容词和副词,充当表语、补语、定语和状语。
1.分词具有形容词属性的语法功能:充当表语、补语和定语1.分词结构作表语1)现在分词作表语,与主语在逻辑上存在主动关系:She appears forbidding.The situation is encouraging.2)过去分词作表语,与主句在逻辑上存在被动关系:He got promoted.She was encouraged to propose marriage to her lover.注:现在分词作表语和动名词作表语的区别1.动名词作表语,只能位于be动词之后,说明主语内容,回答“主语是什么”的问题。
One of the best exercise is swimming.(最好的运动是游泳)2.现在分词作表语,可位于所有系动词后,说明主语的性质、特征,回答“主语怎么样”The situations both at home and abroad is very inspiring.(现状鼓舞人心)She looks charming.分词作定语1)现在分词作定语,与其所修饰名词逻辑上是主动关系Marry is an boring potato.I find nothing amusing in the streets.I just bought a vocabulary book with words starting with A and ending with Z.2)过去分词作定语,与其所修饰名词逻辑上是被动关系In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as Lovelife recruits young people.3.分词结构作补语:一般在感觉、感官和使役动词后作补语1)在主动句中:现在分词表示宾语主动且在进行的动作Nothing gets people talking more than alcohol does.过去分词表示宾语被动或已经完成的动作。
What makes one respected is his actions instead of his words.2)在被动句中,分词补充说明主语状态He was caught dozing off in class.He was caught on the spot breaking into a shop.2.分词具有副词属性的语法功能:分词修饰谓语时,具有副词属性,补充说明位于动作的时间、方式、条件等。
1.分词结构单独做状语,其逻辑主语为主干主语Science and technology would kill all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.She spent a lot of time powdering her face.The girl are busy making artificial flowers.Whenever asked about it, he could help pouring the whole story out.Enraged by the humanity, God sent flood to the earth.2.独立结构:现在分词有自己的逻辑主语的情况,与主干主语不一致Not long ago, with Japan’s economic growth declining , China rose up and became the 2nd.The day being fine, we decided to go hiking.The bus burned, few passengers survived.Everybody, myself excepted, said no.第三节不定式定义:适用范围最广的非谓语动词,具有名词、形容词、副词的属性,可以替代词语充当的除谓语以外的所有成分:主、宾、表、定、补、状。
1.不定式结构充当主语1.基本结构:不定式结构位于句首How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn.To err is human, to forgive, divine.To offend this might have serious consequences.2.变形结构:it作形式主语,不定式结构置于谓语后It will be unfavorable for you to make a sensational remark on this.It’s good to see you.2.不定式结构作宾语不定式作及物动词及词组的宾语He agreed to pay $400 for the bike.You must learn to fend for yourself.Don’t bother/trouble to answer such a stupid question.不定式有时需要有代词或副词引导I don’t know what to do next.I’ll asked him how to open the safe.During his life time, everyone actually think of who he is, where he come from and goes to.He wrote a book on how to lose weight by lying in the bed while eating.We will have a discussion about which way to go3.不定式结构作表语:The point is to win at any cost.When I was still a child, my ambition was to become a scientist.My question is how to get a higher mark in the exam without taking much effort.4.不定式结构作定语:修饰名词,具有形容词的性质Do you have any suggestions to offer?Would you like something to drink?He was the second man to hear the newsIt’s time to go to bed.People have the right to know.He said he had no intention to marry you.That will be the right procedure to follow5.不定式结构作状语:修饰动词,具有副词的性质作目的/结果状语:常以in order to.so ...as to, such...as to的形式出现For H&M to a $5 T-shirt, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor and on straining local natural resourcesHe was so careless as to leave his car unlocked.His behavior is such as to make his friends angry.She is old enough to travel by herself.充当形容词的状语:补充说明形容词产生的原因或结构。