unit 1 how do you study for a test 人教版(汤姆森)

Unit 1 How do you study for a test?Part 1: Teaching design (第一部分：教学设计)Structures: verb＋by with gerundTarget language:How do you study for test?Well, I study by working with my classmates.Have you ever studied with a group?Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.I don’t have a partner to practice English with.Maybe you should join an English club.Vocabulary: flashcard, take notes, frustrating, memorize, aloud, comma, make mistakes, pronunciation, be afraid to, What about…? Why don’t you…?Learning strategies: Personalizing, Role playingSection AGoals●To talk about how to study●To read about how to studyProceduresWarming up by greetingHello, everyone!From now on you are a ninth grader. Congratulations to you and Iwish you a great success in your studies!Today we shall take up the first unit in this new term, Unit 1 Howdo you study for a test?Look at the blackboard and read after me the target language for this unit. When you read pay attention to the structure of the sentence.▲How do you study for test?▼Well, I study by working with my classmates.▲Have you ever studied with a group?▼Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.▲I don’t have a partner to practice English with.▼Maybe you should join an English club.Learning to Learn is very important. And learning to pass a test is also very important to you.Learning couldn’t be easier!If you have not developed good ways or methods to study for a test, talk to your classmates about it, your parents, or the teacher like me if you are brave enough. You should be brave enough to talk to others about your problems with your studies.Next I’d like to give you some useful practical advice about studying for a test and also ask you questions to make you think about things such as:▲motivation▲how to learn your lessons in the ninth grade year▲different modes of teaching you may meet▲how to develop particular skills, such as note-taking in class1A: Checking the ways you studyI study for a test___By reading to the tape; By underlining the expressions; By reading beyondthe text; By doing used exam papers; By going over exercises books; Bycopying down the text; By learning the text by heart; By speaking with classmatesthe added ways on the blackboard.1b Listening and writingListen to understand how these people in the picture on page 2 study for a test. Write letters from the pictures. While listening, pay attention to the structures of the sentences.Section A 1b TapescriptBoy1:Hey, gang. There’s a big test on Tuesday. I really need some help. Can you tell me how you study for a big test?Voices: Sure! Yes. Sure we will.Boy1:You did really well on the last English test, didn’t you,Mei?Girl1: Yeah, I did OK.Boy1: Well, how did you study？Girl1:By making flashcards.Boy1:Maybe I’ll try that. How did you study, Pierre?Boy2: By asking the teacher for help. She was really happy I asked.Boy1:That’s interesting. How do you study, Antonio?Boy3: I like to study by listening to cassettes. But sometimes my mot her thinks I’m listening to music. And then she gets mad.Boy1:Oh, well…A: How do you study for a test?B: I study by working with a group.C: I study by listening to English.D. I study by playing games with my classmates.E. I study by doing actions such as coloring, matching.F. I study by singing English songs.G. I study by writing letters and emails.H. I study by acting out simple dialogues.I. I study by listening to and understanding stories.J. I study by writing simple sentences.K. I study by imitating from the recording.L. I study by speaking out words or phrases.M. I study by doing simple role plays.N. I study by reading and understanding simple stories.O. I study by using daily expressions.P. I study by performing short plays.Q. I study by performing simple rhymes.R. I study by writing sentences for pictures.S. I study by writing out simple poems.T. I study by reading aloud correctly.U. I study by playing text plays.V. I study by working with classmates.W. I study by going over the text before class.X. I study by copying words and expressions.Y. I study by looking and saying.Z. I study by asking others questions.2a Listening and checkingNow let’s go to page 3. Listen to the tape and check the questions you ask.While listening, pay attention to the structures of the sentences.Section A 2a, 2b TapescriptGirl1:Welcome to the English club. Today we’re going to talk about the best ways to learn English. Who has an idea?Boy1: Do you learn English by watching English-language videos?Girl2:No. It’s too hard to understand the voices.Boy1: What about keeping a diary in English? Do you learn English that way?Girl2:I think so. It helps to write English every day.Girl3: Have you ever studied with a group?Girl2:Yes, I have! I’ve learned a lot that way.Girl1: Do you ever practice conversations with a friend?Girl2:Oh, yes. It improves my speaking skills.Boy1: What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?Girl3: I do that sometimes. I think it helps.Boy2: I do too. And I always look up new words in a dictionary.Girl3:That’s a great idea!2b Listening and matchingListen again and match each question from 2a with an answer in the box on page 3.2c Doing a pairworkNext we are going to make a conversation in pairs using the information from activities 2a and 2b.A: Have you ever studied with a group?B: Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.A: Have you ever learned English by watching videos?B:Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.A: Have you ever practiced conversations with friends?B:Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.A: Have you ever listened to tapes?B:Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.A: Have you ever read aloud to practice pronunciation?B:Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.1.Reading to the tapeWe are going to read the article on page 4. First we shall readto the tape together. That is, we start reading aloud as therecorder goes, and we stop reading aloud as the recorderstops. While reading, let’s pay enough attention to the pauses,the pronunciation and the intonation of the native reader.M ake our reading aloud as the same as the reader’s.2.Reading and dividing the article into partsNext we are going to read aloud the article slowly and clearly. We will try to divide it into thought groups.3.Reading and underliningThis week/ we asked students/ at New Star High School/ about the best ways/ to learn more English. Many said/ they learnt/ by using English. Some students had more specific suggestions. Lillian Li, for example, said/ the best way/ to learn new words/ was by reading English magazines. She said that/ memorizing the words of pop songs/ also helped/ a little. When we asked about studying grammar/ she said, “I never study grammar. It's too boring.”Wei Ming feels differently. He's been learning English/ for six years/ and really loves it. He thinks/ studying grammar /is a great way/ to learn a language. He also thinks that/ watching English movies/ isn't a bad way/ because he can watch the actors/ say the words. Sometimes, however, he finds watching movies/ frustrating/ because the people speak too quickly.Lin Chang said that/ joining the English club/ at school/ was thebest way/ to improve her English. Students get lots of practice/ andthey also have fun. She added that/ having conversations/ withfriends/ was not helpful/ at all. "We get excited/ about something/and then/ end up speaking/ in Chinese,” she said.Ways of learning EnglishNot successful OK SuccessfulLillian Li Studyinggrammar memorizing thewords of pop songsreading EnglishmagazinesWei Ming watching movies watching English studying grammarmoviesLiu Chang havingconversations/ withfriends joining the English clubSilence, please! We are going to have a role play in pairs. One of the pair is to be one Zhao: Excuse me, Li Hong. Could you help me with my English?Li: Yes, please. What’s the matter?Zhao: I have difficulty studying grammar.Li: Grammar? I never studying grammar. I study English mostly by memorizing the words of pop songs.Zhao: No grammar at all?Li:Yes, I did study grammar. But I study it by reading English magazines. I put grammar learning into reading articles. That is the best way to understand English grammar.Turn to page 4 to check √what you do to learn English in the box.Closing down by asking and answering—How did you learn English?＊I listened to English them every day.＊＊I learned many English songs by heart.＊I sang the English songs to myself.＊I learned every new English word in the text.＊I learn English by going to English classes.＊I do English homework at school.＊I read English textbooks in the evening.＊I speak English very slowly.＊＊I read a lot of English sentences in the morning.＊I do well in class English tests.＊I get a lot of good advice on learning English from my teacher.＊I discuss English problems with my classmates.＊I follow the advice from my father.＊I learn English sounds from the tape.＊I use English-English dictionaries.＊I listen to recordings and English-language TV.＊I talk to native speakers every chance I got.＊I read books in English, mostly novels.＊I learn a lot of new words from English books.＊I write more and more e-mail in English.＊I use English more than my first language.＊Most of my reading (websites and books) is in English.Section BGoals●To listen about learning English●To talk about learning English●To read about learning EnglishProceduresWarming up by reading to the recordingHello, everyone. To begin with, let’s listen and read to the recording of the text HOW DO YOU LEARN BEST? That is, read aloud to the tape, as fast as the tape goes, as clearly as the native reader reads. OK? Here we go!My cat speaks English.Sometimes my cat comes to me and tells me that she is hungry. Or that her leg hurts. How does my cat tell me these things? I don't speak pussy-cat language.1a Reading and checkingLearning English can be both easy and difficult. Whatthings are easy for you? And what things are difficult foryou? Now turn to page 5, read the list on the top and check√the statements that are true for you.1b Making a listYou have read and checked the statements true for you.Now think and make a list of other things difficult for you,too.I don’t know how to…!1. I don’t know how to use commas.2. I don’t know how to work with others.3. I don’t know how to make flashcards.4. I don’t know how to read the textbook.5. I don’t know how to make vocabulary lists.6. I don’t know how to listen to tape.7. I don’t know how to ask the teacher for help.8. I don’t know how to study for a test.9. I don’t know how to work with a group.10. I don’t know how to watch English videos.11. I don’t know how to practice conversations with friends.12. I don’t know how to read aloud to practice pronunciation.13. I don’t know how to learn by using English.14. I don’t know how to get more specific sug gestions.15. I don’t know how to read English magazines.16. I don’t know how to learn new words.17. I don’t know how to memorize the words.18. I don’t know how to studying grammar19. I don’t know how to watching English movies20. I don’t know how to joining the English club21. I don’t know how to improve her English22. I don’t know how to get lots of practice13. I don’t know how to ask teachers about the best ways to learn more English.2a Listening and checkingPaul is a nice boy. He works hard at his English, but still has many learning challenges. Now listen to find out what challenges he has and check them in the box on page 5.Challenges to Paul at learning English1._____ can’t get the pronunciation right.2._____ forget a lot of new words.3._____ can’t understand when people talk to me.4._____ can’t understand the words in magazines.5._____ don’t get much writing practices.2b Listening and matchingNow listen again to Paul talking about his challenges at learning English and match them with the solutions listed in the box on page 5. While listening, pay attention to the structures of the sentences.TapescriptTeacher:You look worried, Paul.Boy:I am, Ms Mitchell. I’m having trouble learning English.Teacher:You said you liked English. What’s the problem?Boy:I can’t get the pronunciation right.Teacher:Well, listening can help. Why don’t you borrow theteacher’s tapes? You can listen to them at home and repeatthe sentences that are difficult for you.Boy:That’s a good idea. But what about all the new words? I forget a lot of new words.Teacher:You can always write the new words in your notebook and study them at home. You can even study in the train on the way to school.Boy: That might really help! Thanks.Teacher:Can you understand when people talk to you?Boy:Well, no. Not always. Sometimes I just don’t understand what people are saying. Teacher:Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English?The English club meets after school on Tuesdays and Thursdays.Boy:Maybe I’ll go. The only other problem I have is that I don’t get much writing practice.Teacher:Maybe you should find a pen pal.Boy: That sounds like a fun way to practice writing. Thanks, Ms Mitchell.2c Doing pairworkIN pairs we are going to role play conversations using the information from activities 2a and 2b.I don’t have a partner to practice English with. Maybe you should join an English language club.I can’t get the pronunciation right.Listening can help.I forget a lot of new words. Write the new words on cards and studythem daily.I can’t understand when people talk to me. You can join an English club to talk to people more in English.I can’t understand the words inmagazines.You can look them up in a dictionary.I don’t get much writing practices.Start writing an English diary every day.I read very slowly. You should read to the recording of thetext.I make mistakes in grammar. Why don’t study the basic sentencepatterns3a Reading and cuttingWe are going to read the text again to study the form and function ofall the predicate verbs.How I learned to learn EnglishLast year/ my English class/ was difficult/ for me. First of all, it wasn't easy/ for me/ to understand the teacher/ when she talked to the class. To begin with, she spoke/ too quickly, and I couldn't understand every word. Later on, I realized that/ it doesn't matter/ if you don’t understand/every word. Also/ I was afraid to speak/ in class, because/ I thought/ my classmates/ might laugh at me. I couldn't always make complete sentences, either. Then/ I started to watch English-language TV. It helped/ a lot. I think that/ doing lots of listening practice/ is of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. Another thing/ that I found/ very difficult/ was English grammar. So/ I decided to take lots of grammar notes/ in every class. Then/ I started to write my own original sentences/ using the grammar/(that) I was learning. It’s amazing/ how much/ this helped. Now/ I am enjoying learning English/ and I got an A/ this term. My teacher is very impressed.Now you may read the statements in the box on page 6 following the text. Write “T” or “F” beside each statement.3b Writing a letterDear Lin Feng,I know it isn’t easy to learn English, but I have some ideas that may help. You said you couldn’t understand people who talked fast. Well, you cantry to listen for the most important words, not every word. It isdifficult to understand by listening what you have not read orwhat you can’t understand well by reading. To listen well youhave to read well. So keep on reading English. Listening andreading to the recording of the text is very important, too. Everytext, after being read, should be listened to and read aloud to the tape. At first you may find it difficult to follow the reader reading aloud the text. Don’t worry. If you keep practicing you will be able to read aloud as fast as the native reader from the tape. And then you can understand people who talk fast in English.Yours,Tai Zuo4 Doing an interviewNext we shall do an interview in groups of four. Ask the three group mates about learning English. Take notes of what they say. Tomorrow you shall stand to tell the Q. What isn’t easy about learningEnglish?A. Reading is not easy.Q. What do you do about this? A. I try to cut the sentences into thoughtgroups.Q. What is your favorite way to learn more English? I read and read aloud a lot. These are the best way.Rain, rain, go away,Come again another day,Little JohnnyWants to play.Rain, rain, go to Spain,Never show your face again.SELF CHECK1.Filling in the blankWe shall make a check on our use of expressions first. Turn to page 7 and fill in each blank with the correct word given. Change the form of the word if necessary. ThenComplete the sentences Make your sentences1. You should write down new Englishwords in a vocabulary list.Don’t trust your memory. Write it down.2. If you don’t know how to spell newwords, look them up in a dictionary.I don’t know how to spell your name.3. The best way to improve your Englishis to join an English club.I’d like to join the school football tea.4. Another thing that he find very difficultwas English grammar.I find it easy to learn English.5. This kind of paper feels very soft. Do you feel cold?Turn to page 7 and write an article about Xu Zheng using the notes on Xu and his essay.As English is learned mostly through reading in China, we shall now turn to page 8 to learn to read the article entitled: How do we deal with our problem?Before reading,please go over the vocabulary list for reading on page 146. Get yourself familiarized with all the words and expressions to be found in the article.Tips for BeginnersYou are like a new babyBabies learn their language slowly.First they learn to listen.Then they learn to talk.Finally, they can read and write.Listen to English every dayListen to English radio.Watch English TV.Go to English movies.Use online lessons.Make an English/ESL friendMake up conversations.Practice dialogues.Use beginner textbooks.Read English storiesStart with children's storybooks.Try ESL readers.Read advertisements, signs and labels.Write down new wordsStart a vocabulary (new word) notebook. Write words in alphabetical order (A...B...C...). Make example sentences.Always use an English-English dictionary first. Keep an English diaryStart with one sentence.How do you feel?How is the weather?What did you do today?Write another sentence tomorrow. Visit an English speaking country Learn English more quickly. Stay with an English family. Hear native speakers talk.Have a fun experience.。

［教材全析］友情提示SECTION ALanguage Goal:Talk about how to study语言目标：谈论怎样学习1a Check (√) the ways you study for an English test.Then add other ways you use sometimes.在你备考英语的学习方式上打√,然后再加上你有时运用的其他方式。

other adj.其他的Do you know the other ways？你还知道其他的方法吗？His other books are still in his bag.他的其他的书仍然在他书包里。

还可用作代词，意为“他人,另外一个”。

Let others help him.让其他人帮助他。

—by working with friends—by listening to cassettes—by making flashcards—by asking the teacher for help—by reading the textbook—________—by making vocabulary lists—________1b Listen.How do these students study for a test?Write letters from the picture above.听，这些学生是怎样备考的？并把上面图画中的字母写在下面。

1asometimes adv、有时（常用在一般现在时态中）与some time,some times和sometime的辨析：some time 一段时间some times几次sometime指过去和将来的某个时间ask for要求；请求；找（人）1c PAIRWORK结对练习Ask your partner how he or she studies for a test. 问问你的同伴他（她）是怎样备考的。

Unit1 How do you study for a test？一、重点回顾（一）重点词汇、短语1. by + doing 通过……方式如：by studying with a groupby 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近” 如：I live by the river. / The thief entered the room by the window.“在…以前”、“截止…为止“如：I have to go back by ten o’clock.“乘交通工具” 如：The student went to park by bus.2.talk about 谈论，讨论如：The students often talk about movie after class.学生们常常在课后讨论电影。

talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话3. 提建议的句子：①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?④Let’s + do sth. 如：Let’s go shopping⑤Shall we/ I + do s th.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?4.a lot 许多常用于句末如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。

a lot of 许多用于句中如：Running a hotel needs a lot of money.5. too…to太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth.如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。

Unit1howdoyoustudyforatest?一、语法过关1.Checkin:在旅馆的登记入住。

Checkout:在旅馆结账离开。

2.By:①通过⋯..方式〔途径〕。

例：IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotapes.②在⋯..旁边。

例：bythewindow/thedoor③乘坐交通工具例：bybus/car④在⋯⋯之前，到⋯⋯为止。

例：byOctober 在10月前 ⑤被例：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.3.how 与what 的区别：h o w 通常对方式或程度提问，意思如何，通常用来做状语、表语。

w h a t 通常对动作的发出者或承受者提问，意思为什么，通常做宾语。

①Howisyoursummerholiday?It ’sOK.(how 表示程度做表语) ②Howdidyoutravelaroundtheworld?Itravelbyair. ③Whatdoyoulearnatschool?IlearnEnglish,mathandmanyothersubjects. What ⋯thinkof ⋯?How ⋯like ⋯? What ⋯dowith ⋯?How ⋯dealwith ⋯? What ⋯likeabout ⋯?How ⋯like ⋯? What ’stheweatherliketoday?How ’stheweathertoday? Whattodo?Howtodoit? e.g.Whatdoyouthinkofthisbook?=Howdoyoulikethisbook? Idon ’tknowwhatIshoulddowiththematter.=Idon ’tknowhowIshoulddealwithit. WhatdoyoulikeaboutChina?=HowdoyoulikeChina?Idon ’tknowwhattodonextstep?=Idon ’tknowh owtetp o?doitnexts ㊣Whatgood/badweatheritistoday!〔weather 为不可数名词，其前不能加a 〕 ㊣Whatafine/baddayitistoday!〔day 为可数名词，其前要加a 〕 4.aloud,loud 与loudly 的用法:三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。

人教版九年级英语Unit 1 How do you study for a test? Section A教案及教学反思课题人教版九年级英语Unit 1 How do you study for a test?Section A作者及工作单位来安县龙山初中陈传玲教材分析本单元是九年级英语的第一个单元，具有举足轻重的地位。

常言道：“授之以鱼，不如授之以渔。

”本单元的重点内容就是向学生介绍了一系列的英语学习的有效方法，每个学生可以根据自己的实际情况选择适合自己的学习方法，这样才能提高英语成绩，进而为今后的英语学习奠定基础。

学情分析1. 经过两年的英语学习，很多学生都有自己的学习英语的方法，但是学习效果却不尽如人意。

2. 有近半的学生不但英语听说能力差，而且还没有养成良好的学习英语的习惯。

教学目标知识目标：1.Master the following words:flashcard, vocabulary, aloud, pronunciation2.Be able to master the ways of learning English技能目标：1.Be able to talk about the ways of learning English with your partners.2.Be able to understand what they listen in class.情感目标：Have a positive attitude towards learning English.教学重点和难点重点：Master the ways of learning English well.难点：1.Be able to talk about the ways of learning English with your partners.2. Have a positive attitude towards learning English.教学过程。

UNIT 1 How do you study for a test？方法技巧1.动名词的用法同学们也许对动名词的提法并不感到陌生，但相信大家对它并没有全面而细致的了解，现在我们就一起来学学动名词吧！动名词是由v.+ing 构成的，变化规则和现在分词一样。

动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语等。

同时，它又具有动词的特点，可以接宾语构成动名词短语。

动名词所作句子成分例句主语Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

宾语We all like singing.我们都喜欢唱歌。

表语Your task is cleaning the room.你的任务是打扫房间。

定语Our school has a r eading room.我们学校有一个阅览室。

教你一招：巧记只跟动名词作宾语的动词或词组，有些动词或词组只跟动名词作宾语，你能快速掌握它们吗？请试试下面的顺口溜吧！学习英语有点难，忙于放弃摆面前（be busy，give up），不禁期望你喜欢（can’t help，look forward to，enjoy），介意作业做不完（mind，finish），优美文章值得看（be worth），继续练习莫推延（keep on，practice，put off）。

2. 议论文三部曲议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，通过摆事实、讲道理表明作者见解或主张的一种文体。

在近几年的中考试题中，出现了不少写议论文的题目。

写议论文需要确立论点，并辅之以充分的论据加以论证。

论点、论据和论证被称为议论文的三要素。

在英语议论文的写作中，应注意三个事项：（1）论点的基本要求是观点正确、认真概括、有实际意义。

（2）论据的基本要求是真实可靠、充分典型。

（3）论证的基本要求是推理符合逻辑。

英语议论文的结构一般较为固定，通常包括三个部分：（1）导语在导语部分提出需要议论的议题。

（2）正文在正文部分对所提出的论点进行论证。

（3）结论在结论部分对以上的论证进行总结和归纳。

说课稿：人教版《新目标英语》九上Unit 1 How do you study for a test?一、教学内容：人教版《新目标英语》九年级上册Unit 1 How do you study for a test?二、课型设计及上课时间：第一课时：新授课（Listening and Speaking）时间：40分钟三、教材分析及整合：本单元的话题延生讨论如何学习英语。

这个话题既有趣又实用，既能锻炼学生的语言能力，又能使他们学到一些实用的方法，对自身的学习大有帮助。

如何向别人请教学习方法呢？又如何回答呢？通过对本单元的学习，要求学生掌握重点词组，以及与之相关的交际用语：1. –How do you study for tests? –well. I study by working with my classmates.2. –Have you ever studied with a group?- Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.3. what (how) about…?4. why don’t sb do…?=why not do…5. –Maybe you should join an English club.四、教学设计：1、设计的原则：任务型语言教学应遵循的六大原则：兴趣性、真实性、阶梯性、交际性、展示性、拓展性2、教学目标的设定：语言知识：目标语言：介绍学习方法的短语和几个基本句型(问句和答语)：——How do you study English? ——I study English by …——I think studying English by… is …because…语言技能：学会谈论如何学英语；学会谈论如何为考试作准备。

学习策略：使学生能根据自己的实际采用适当的学习方法，并形成个性化的学习。

情感态度：形成相互交流相互促进的学习氛围文化意识：了解英美国家的学生学习的主要方法3、教学过程设计：设计理念：在课程开始前通过对话题和学生之间展开讨论，引入新的知识点。

五年级人教版上册英语必背五年级人教版上册英语必背内容包括以下几篇课文：1. Unit 1 How Do You Study for a Test?- 对话：A: How do you study for a test?B: I study by listening to tapes.- 课文：I study by working with a group.- 课文：I study by making vocabulary lists.2. Unit 2 I'm more outgoing than my sister.- 对话：A: How do you like this shirt?B: I like the blue one better.- 课文：Danny is taller than Eric.- 课文：I'm better at English than math.3. Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?- 对话：A: What are you doing for vacation?B: I'm visiting my grandparents.- 课文：I'm staying at home.- 课文：I'm going to the beach.4. Unit 4 Our Team Rules!- 对话：A: What does the sign say?B: It says, "No smoking."- 课文：Wear a helmet when you ride a bike.- 课文：Wait for the green light before crossing the street.5. Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?- 对话：A: Why do you like pandas?B: Because they're cute.- 课文：I like tigers because they're strong.- 课文：I like elephants because they're smart.这些是五年级人教版上册英语中较为重要的几篇课文和对话部分，适合背诵和熟记。