asp介绍 外文翻译

ASP的名词解释ASP（Active Server Pages）是一种用于动态构建和交互网页的技术。

它是一种服务器端脚本语言，常用于开发Web应用程序，尤其是在动态内容处理方面。

本文将对ASP的名词进行解释，介绍ASP的相关概念和功能。

1. ASPASP指的是Active Server Pages，它是一种基于服务器端脚本的技术。

与传统的静态网页不同，ASP网页可以根据用户请求动态生成内容。

其基本原理是将ASP代码嵌入到HTML页面中，当访问ASP页面时，服务器会对ASP代码进行解析和执行，最后将生成的HTML代码发送给用户的浏览器。

2. IISIIS（Internet Information Services）是微软开发的Web服务器软件，用于托管和管理ASP网页。

IIS提供了对ASP的全面支持，能够解析和执行ASP代码。

它还提供了一套功能强大的管理工具，用于配置和维护Web服务器。

3. ASP对象模型ASP对象模型是ASP技术的一个重要概念。

它定义了一系列对象和属性，用于实现ASP页面的功能。

常用的ASP对象包括Request对象、Response对象、Server对象等。

这些对象可以通过ASP代码进行操作，实现与用户交互、数据处理、文件操作等功能。

4. ASP脚本语言ASP脚本语言指的是在ASP页面中使用的脚本语言。

ASP最初采用VBScript作为默认的脚本语言，后来也逐渐支持JScript等其他脚本语言。

脚本语言用于编写ASP页面中的逻辑代码，与HTML代码相互嵌入，实现动态内容的生成和处理。

5. 数据库连接ASP可以方便地与数据库进行连接和操作。

通过使用数据库连接对象和查询语言，ASP可以从数据库中读取数据，并将其展示在网页上。

常用的数据库连接方式包括ADO（ActiveX Data Objects）和ODBC（Open Database Connectivity）等。

6. Session和CookieASP提供了Session和Cookie这两个机制，用于实现用户状态的存储和传递。

附录外文原文：The exploitation criteria and security management of the asp Exploitation criteria :Application servers have been, or ultimately will be used in Web server, which usually operate in the IIS ASP page computer. ASP is the only object of your client. It offers specialized systems and security considerations. While many of the Web sites use ASP simply not components, but in this article that ASP is the Internet as a bridge between the client and components. The following ASP components Guidelines (English) :ASP and the division of services between componentsASP server in the most commonly used building for the client to use HTML or XML documents, so we focused on the use of the program. This leads to a common problem, if ASP page on the server, then they are part of the operational level? Components in the world, the answer usually is not. Although the ASP server is in operation, but may be related to space applications in the same server, but it can not make it a part of the business logic. With user interface development tool, or as the opening of more business to operational programs with the clear distinction will be tremendous returns.Let us look at some of the most important operational level and that level division guidelines :Separation of the UI code and business logic. This includes preparation coupled with the UI code, such as the use of ASP components MTS internal target it with the business logic code separation, as in a different DLL.affair will be separated with the ASP page. Services ASP in certain cases beyond compare, but the components and multi-storey applications will change this situation. Components should not be dependent on the client layer to manage their affairs and business logic semantics.Will be expressed components (use solicit and responsive components) and Web server on the same machine and / or tenor. If the use of ASP internal components of the target objects on remote machines, then all of the internal components will be available in retail form. Server client access is COM+ server, which significantly reduced the performance and security of complicated. These markings will be lay in COM+ applications mark as "library activated" .ASP exist in server, ASP pages must be consistent with resource sharing rules, andremember to flexibility. Look at the following details :In the "conversation", management should avoid user specific state. Keep ASP stateless and where possible to allow resources pool.Mode operation:In evaluating whether a code of business logic layer or expressed, may I ask myself: "If I have to use click-phone applications to replace my ASP page, then the code are there?</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm0cm0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>"If the answer is" yes ", then it could try to business logic code into machine code or user interface to help.If changed after the client code can not be used, or if it is constructed with the help of the user interface, the code is expressed services layer. It ASP page, or in the internal components usedASP components. It does not belong to the operational targets of components. Understanding of the distinction between desktop and ASP clientIt was modular incumbent engine，different table's top' tradition uniline ran win32 application from that asp. Key distinction generalize as follows: Thread management : ASP is a multi-client threads. This means that it can have many activities in the operation, perhaps at the same time dealing with different ASP page. This shows that it is not the only pseudo-objects to exclusive system users. This may be unexpected reactions, for example, into a bad habit : the object stored in ASP application variables or conversation.Security environment : ASP is the Web site of the Internet Information Services 5.0 implementation, a low, medium, high three separate degrees. The Web site can even have different security setup, or refuse to allow anonymous access, for customer and so on. All these have generated a lot of programs, namely, the use of different end-user account is your object.Easy rose : This is not a technical issue, but Web applications provide facilities Deputy effect. Traditionally, the increase in user base for desktop applications, the number of requests carefully planned well known to the client transferred. ASP has changed the process in motion and operational, ASP-Visual Basic applications can be conveniently opened for local or worldwide for all staff, all business partners and customers all use. This approach can be used to describe - owned super links individual e-mail users can make a tenfold increase in the base. To prepare for yourapplications?The only way to understand the intensity of Web sites for testing to obtain the expected value of the actual performance. Detailed information on the intensity of the test, please refer to the "application life cycle" section.In the use of Visual Basic ASP should target? In the context of the establishment and abolition of pages of your audience.In other words, as far as possible so that no state ASP pages only in a state of dependence conversation or temporary applications variables. Not to target storage applications in English or variables. This will lock in your conversation ASP systems, the expected value of flexibility may cancel all. In other words, the Web servers handle no more than a few dozens of users. If required, in English or applications stored content, please turn it into the data rather than objects. There are many other criteria can be observed. We recommend that you read MSDN V oices, .J.D. Meier compose the column "Servin<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN>It Up. "The column includes a lot of technology, practice and skills development can contribute to the expansion and reliable ASP components and applications.Not to be quoted or applications memory at conversation all the inserted object components are Visual Basic 6.0 "cell thread", that is to say they are operating in the Inter module. This means that if the thread established targets, then the object of all resources must use the same threads. Many threads (from it Web site users) use the same examples Agency targets, raises a series of activities, the application process may become bottlenecks.In addition, in conversation with Server .Create Object stored within the object STA to be implemented threads can be effectively linked to the current user, thus it will be the largest applications to give users a few restrictions the 20xN (N = number of processors).Mode operation:If you according to our suggest to take object stateless, are not used for storage of a client, and stored in the context of their applications. Client will be able to establish an independent, use and cancellation of their own target. This reduces the need for maintaining conversation - because they do not retain the skills unique to the state. Recommended approach is to target a state, it needs a database or other storage area to visit (such as cookies and LDAP). If applications require the use of English or the scope of the data, the data should instead deal with the subject of data stored in it. The dispose of the you could begin one genera，came encapsulation versus desirable value.ASP security management :The basic concept of security managementSafety management is based on information and ASP solution to manage the security strategy has set the security level definition process. Including management of the response to violations of the security act. ASP can be controlled without fear of attack and ASP clients business continuity, so to be able to deal with malicious attacks could really an art.Safety management in large measure dependent on the security strategy. These strategies could produce from different sources. To be considered when designing security strategy are :Service level agreement on the definition of external customer needs external security law requires external suppliers within the ASP security strategy and security strategy in the ASP environment integrated customer circumstances, the internal / external security strategy, For each solution, ASP must be defined security strategy. The strategy should be based on the various aspects of the most reliable Hop. According to customer needs, and even the basic structure will be very different design. Usually use three safety design:The dedicated network joint of the both asp solution and safety precautions completeness by asp proceed end-to-end Control usually，these purport asp versus proprietary basic structure subassembly possess full control，include asp and client of compartment.Public : ASP solutions and security measures by ASP component control. Usually, this means that within the ASP is in control of its own website, but does not guarantee to provide solutions to the public network with control. However, the ASP can be used as "virtual private network" (VPN) to carry out such technical links between ASP and client security.Mixed : the solution is a combination of the previous two. "dedicated" and "common" solutions are used. In ensuring security solutions, and also involves ASP customers.There are five dimensions of the process needed to improve the MOF model : planning : planning activities including in customer requirements, as well as internal and external strategies based on the legitimate demands of the SLA security component. In a dialogue with clients at the same time, it may be necessary to establish or adjust internal security strategy. Of course we should decide whether to do so by the ASP. This resulted in a level of security planning, including all aspects of the security strategy and design (infrastructure, personnel, steps, the environment, basic contracts, etc.).Implementation : Put stratification plane execute possession necessary safety precautions，withal observe SLA suffer have definitive security part for in force. at a pinch，this phase return should put make ultra internal security policy over in force..Assessment : Assessment is essential to end security management process. It involves determining the strategy and measures adopted by the state and effectiveness.Maintenance : maintenance based on the following security measures on the basis of : the results of regular inspections, the risk of changes in the situation clearly, and SLA or other conditions change.Control : control activities can organize and guide the security management process itself. Definition of a process control activities, functions, roles, responsibilities assigned, organizational structure and reporting structure. It is a continuing process and to ensure the engine improvements.Security management process must be continuous self improvement. New solutions, new technologies, new personnel, new steps, negligence may lead to the installation of integrated security attackers solution.ASP security configuration tool, ASP configuration tool for security managers should be very familiar with, because the system was associated with all aspects of information security, it is essential.These tools should be very easy for you to answer the following questions : "My computer security?<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN>"or" My network security?<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN>". These tools should allow for the definition of security strategy has covered all aspects of configuration and analysis, such as : account strategy. Installation or alteration visit strategies, including domain or local password strategies, domain or local domain Kerberos account lock strategy and tactics (where applicable).Local strategy. Of the local audit strategies, a wide range of user competence and the distribution of security option, such as diskettes, CD-ROM such control. Restricted group.To be embedded in the group and the allocation of any other specific group or modify designated members of the group (such as Administrators, Server Operators, Backup Operators and Power Users, etc.). This should not be used as a management tool to use general members-only used to control specific groups (with sensitive functions assigned to them). System services. Distribution system installed in different services (including network transmission services such as TCP/IP, NetBIOS, CIFS document sharing, printing, etc.) security. If we do not use will be stopped TCP/IP outside services. The detailed information, please refer to/technet/Document or folder sharing. Distribution systems and document services Reorientation of equipment services devices installed. This includes visiting various networks, the sharing of documents and the closure of anonymous visits opening packet signatures and security of the option.System Registry : installation or modification of the system of security of the Register. Storage systems : a local system or to modify the document tree inventory volumes and safety. Preparation : ASP for customers and prepare a secure environment for users to establish secure, and documents. These tools should also help to monitor security strategy has been defined in all its aspects, such as : account strategy - passwords, lock and Kerberos installation.The all these figure of the use, closed loop video frequency grade of the both the access control of the start-up mode and access control of the policy of the mount of the both local policy-look through, user purview and security option. Event log-system, application, security and directory services log has reference to security option. event log-system, application, security and directory services log 'mount. restricted group-compose a person engaged in some field of activity. System service-system service.registry key- key. File system-file and documentary access control.Physics visit system-versus equipment drawing visit, calorie type key. These instrument return ought to could analysis block policy，all the while descend solstice subscriber stage. command rest instrument came analyses surveillance course suffer make a raise of. These instrument usually in particular trust statistical technique to.The ASP managers can use Windows 2000 "Windows 2000 security configuration tool set" for the following components of some or all of the above security. "security templates" management module. "security templates" management module is an independent Microsoft management control (MMC) management module, which can create templates based on the text document that includes all aspects of security for security."security configuration and analysis" management module. "security configuration and analysis" management module is independent MMC management module, or it can analysis of the security of the Windows 2000 operating system. Based on its operational use "security templates" management modules security templates to establish the content.Secedit.exe. Secedit.exe is a "security configuration and analysis" of the ordermanagement module line version. It enables security configuration and analysis in the absence of graphical user interface (GUI) of the implementation.Group strategy for the security of expansion. "security configuration tool set" also includes a group of the expansion strategy editorial management modules for configuration and local security policy domain or organizational unit (OU) security strategy. Local security strategy include only the " Account number Strategy" and "local strategy" security. Domain or OU for the definition of security strategy may include all security.外文资料翻译译文：ASP的开发准则及安全管理开发准则：应用程序服务器被,或最终将被Web 服务器所使用，它通常是运行ASP 页面的IIS 计算机。

ASP外文翻译+原文ENGLISHE：Develop Web application program using ASP the architecture that must first establish Web application. Now in application frequently with to have two: The architecture of C/S and the architecture of B/S.Client/server and customer end / server hold the architecture of C/S.The customer / server structure of two floor.Customer / server ( Client/Server ) model is a kind of good software architecture, it is the one of best application pattern of network. From technology, see that it is a logic concept, denote will a application many tasks of decomposing difference carry out , common completion is entire to apply the function of task. On each network main computer of web site, resource ( hardware, software and data ) divide into step, is not balanced, under customer / server structure, without the client computer of resource through sending request to the server that has resource , get resource request, so meet the resource distribution in network not balancedness. With this kind of structure, can synthesize various computers to cooperate with work, let it each can, realize the scale for the system of computer optimization ( Rightsizing ) with scale reduce to melt ( Downsizing ). Picture is as follows:It is most of to divide into computer network application into two, in which the resource and function that part supports many users to share , it is realized by server; Another part faces every user , is realized by client computer, also namely, client computer is usual to carry out proscenium function , realizes man-machine interaction through user interface , or is the application program of specific conducted user. And server usually carries out the function of backstage supporter , manages the outside request concerning seting up, accepting and replying user that shared. For a computer, it can have double function , is being certain and momentary to carve to act as server , and again becomes client computer in another time.Customer / server type computer divide into two kinds, one side who offers service is called as server , asks one side of service to be called as customer. To be able to offer service, server one side must have certain hardware and corresponding server software; Also, customer one side must also have certain hardware and corresponding customer software.There must be a agreement between server and customer, both sides communicate according to this agreement.Apply customer / server model in Internet service , the relation betweencustomer and server is not immutable. Some Internet node offers service on the one hand , also gets service on the other hand from other node; It is even in one time dialogue course, mutual role also exchanges probably. As in carry out file transmission , if be called as one side who offers file server, is called as one side who gets file customer, when using get or mget order since another node takes file, can think that what self use and it is client computer , is using put or mput order to another node dispatch file can again think the machine that used self is server.Multilayer customer / server structureAlong with the development of enterprise application, recently, have again arisen a kind of new multilayer architecture, it applies customer end to divide into two minutes: Customer application and server apply. Customer application is the part of original customer application , is another and partial to have been transfered to server to apply. New customer application takes the responsibility for user interface and simple regular business logic and new server application resident core , changeable business logic. Therefore its structure has become new ( Client application + Server application )/Server structure. Following picture shows:This kind of structure has solved traditional Client/Server can expand problem, have reduced customer end business logic , and have reduced the requirement of customer end for hardware. At the same time because of a lot of business logic concentrations have gone to unitary application server on, the maintenance work of application system had been also concentrated together, have eliminated the problem in the traditional structure of Client/Server that software distributes. This kind of structure is called as the architecture of B/S.Browser/Server and browser / server hold the architecture of B/S. On essence, Browser/Server is also a kind of structure of Client/Server, it is a kind of from the traditional two levels of structural development of Client/Server come to thethree-layer structural special case of Client/Server that applied on Web.In the system of Browser/Server, user can pass through browser to a lot of servers that spread on network to send request. The structure of Browser/Server is maximum to have simplified the work of client computer, on client computer, need to install and deploy few customer end software only , server will bear more work, for database visit and apply program carry out will in server finish.Under the three-layer architecture of Browser/Server, express layer( Presentatioon ) , function layer ( Business Logic ) , data layer ( Data Service ) have been cut the unit of 3 relative independences:It is the first layer of to express layer: Web browser.In expressing layer contain system show logic, locate in customer end. It's task is to suggest by Web browser to the certain a Web server on network that service is asked , after verifying for user identity, Web server delivers needed homepage with HTTP agreement to customer end, client computer accept the homepage file that passed , and show it in Web browser on.Second layer function layer: Have the Web server of the application function of program extension.In function layer contain the systematic handling of general affairs logic, locate in Web server end. It's task is the request concerning accepting user , need to be first conducted and corresponding to expand application program and database to carry out connection , passes through the waies such as SQL to database server to put forward data handling to apply for, then etc. database server the result of handling data submit to Web server, deliver again by Web server to return customer end.The number of plies of 3th according to layer: Database server.In data layer contain systematic data handling logic, locate in database server end. It's task is to accept the request that Web server controls for database, realization is inquired and modified for database , update etc. function, submit operation result to Web server.Careful analysis is been easy to see , the architecture of Browser/Server ofthree-layer is the handling of general affairs of the two levels of structure ofClient/Server logic modular from the task of client computer in split , from the first floor of individual composition bear the pressure of its task and such client computer have alleviated greatly, distribute load balancedly and have given Web server, so from the structural change of Client/server of original two floor the structure ofBrowser/Server of three-layer. This kind of three-layer architecture following picture shows.This kind of structure not only client computer from heavy burden and the requirement of performance that rises continuously for it in liberation come out , also defend technology people from heavy maintenance upgrading work in free oneself. Since client computer handles general affairs , logic partial minutes have given function server, make client computer right off " slender " a lot of, do not take the responsibility for handling complex calculation and data again visit etc. crucial general affairs, is responsible to show part, so, maintenance people do not rush about again for the maintenance work of program between every client computer, and put major energy in the program on function server update work. Between this kind of three-layer structural layer and layer, the mutually independent change of any first floor does not affect the function of other layer. It has changed the defect of the two levels of architecture of Client/Server of tradition from foundation, it is the transform with deep once in application systematic architecture.The contrast of two architecturesThe architecture of Browser/Server and the architecture of Client/Server compare with all advantages that not only have the architecture of Client/Server and also have the architecture of Clinet/Server the unique advantage that place does not have:Open standard: The standard adopted by Client/Server only in department unification for but, it's application is often for special purpose.It is lower to develop and defend cost: It need to be implemented on all client computers that the application of Client/Server must develop the customer end software for special purpose, no matter installation and disposition escalate still, have wasted manpower and material resources maximumly. The application ofBrowser/Server need in customer end have general browser , defend and escalate to work in server end go on , need not carry out any change as customer holds , have reduced the cost of development and maintenance so greatly.It is simple to use , interface friendly: The interface of the user of Client/Server is decided by customer end software, interface and the method of its use are not identical each, per popularize a system of Client/Server ask user study from the beginning, is hard to use. The interface of the user of Browser/Server is unified on browser, browser is easy to use , interface friendly, must not study use again other software, the use of a Lao Yong Yi that has solved user problem.Customer end detumescence: The customer end of Client/Server has the function that shows and handles data , as the requirement of customer end is a client computer " it is fat " very high. The customer of Browser/Server holds the access that not takes the responsibility for database again and the etc. task of complex data calculation, need it only show , the powerful role that has played server fully is so large to have reduced the requirement for customer end, customer end become very " thin ".System is flexible: The 3 minutes of the system of Client/Server, in modular, have the part that need to change to want relation to the change of other modular, make system very difficult upgrading. The 3 minutes of the system of Browser/Server modular relative independence, in which a part of modular change, other modular does not get influence, it is very easy that system improve to become, and can form the system with much better performance with the product of different manufacturer.Ensure systematic safety: In the system of Client/Server, directly join with database server because of client computer, user can very easily change the data on server, can not guarantee systematic safety. The system of Browser/Server has increased a level of Web server between client computer and database server , makes two not to be directly linked again, client computer can not be directly controled for database, prevent user efficiently invade illegally.The architecture of Browser/Server of three-layer has the advantage that a lot of traditional architectures of Client/Server does not have , and is close to have combined the technology of Internet/Intranet, is that the tendency of technical development tends to , it application system tape into one brand-new develop times. From this us option the configuration of B/S the architecture that develops as system.what are C/S with B/SFor " C/S " with the technology of " B/S " develop change know , first,must make it clear that 3 problems.( 1 ) What is the structure of C/S.C/S ( Client/Server ) structure, the server structure and client computer that all know well. It is software systematic architecture, through it can hold hardware environment fully using two advantage, realize task reasonable distribution to Client end and Server end , have reduced systematic communication expense. Now, the most systems of application software are the two levels of structure of the form of Client/Server , are developing to the Web application of distribution type since current software application is systematic, Web and the application of Client/Server can carry out same business handling , apply different modular to share logic assembly; Therefore it is systematic that built-in and external user can visit new and existing application , through the logic in existing application system, can expand new application system. This is also present application system develop direction. Traditional C ／S architecture though adopting is open pattern, but this is the openness that system develops a level , in specific application no matter Client end or Server end the software that need to still specify support. Because of the software software that need to develop different edition according to the different system of operating system that can not offer the structure of C/S and the open environment of user genuine expectation , besides, the renovation of product is very rapid, is nearly impossible to already meet the 100 computer above users of local area network at the same time use. Price has low efficiency high. If my courtyard uses , Shanghai exceed the orchid company's management software " statistics of law case" is typical C ／S architecture management software.( 2 ) What is the structure of B/S.B/S ( Browser/Server ) structure browser and server structure. It is along with the technology of Internet spring up , it is for the structure of improvement or a kind of change of the structure of C/S. Under this kind of structure, user working interface is to realize through WWW browser, lose the logic of general affairs very much in front( Browser) realization, but the major logic of general affairs in server end( Server) realization, form the three-layer claimed 3-tier structure. So, have simplified customerend computer load greatly , have alleviated system to defend workload and the cost with upgrading , have reduced the overall cost of user ( TCO ). With present technology see , local area network the network application that establishes the structure of B/S , and under the pattern of Internet/Intranet, database application is easy to hold relatively , cost also is lower. It is that oneness goes to the development of position , can realize different people, never same place, with difference receive the way of entering ( for example LAN, WAN, Internet/Intranet etc.) visit and operate common database; It can protect data platform efficiently with management visit limits of authority, server database is also safe. Now in my courtyard, net ( Intranet ) , outer net ( Internet ) with Beijing eastern clear big company " law case and the management software of official business " is the structural management software of B/S , policemen each working station in local area network pass through WWW browser can realize working business. Especially in JAVA step platform language appearance after, the configuration management software of B/S is more facilitated , is shortcut, efficient.( 3 ) The management software technology of main stream.The technology of main stream of management software technology is as management thought , have also gone through 3 develop period. First, interface technology goes to Windows graph interface ( or graph user interface GUI ) from last century DOS character interface, till Browser browser interface 3 differences develop period. Secondly, today own the browser interface of computer, is not only visual and is easy to use , what is more major is that any its style of application software based on browser platform is as, make the requirement of choosing a person for the job for operating training not high and software operability is strong , is easy to distinguish; Moreover platform architecture the file that also goes to today from past single user development ／server ( F ／S ) system and client computer ／server ( C ／S ) system and browser ／server ( B ／S ) system.The comparison of C/S and B/SC/S and B/S is the now world two technologies of main stream of developing pattern technical configuration. C/S is that American Borland company researches and develop most early, B/S is that American Microsoft researches anddevelop. Now this two technologies with quilt world countries grasp , it is many that domestic company produce article with C/S and the technical development of B/S. This two technologies have the certain market share of self , is with customer crowd , each domestic enterprise says that own management software configuration technical function is powerful, advanced, convenient , the customer group that can lift , have a crowd scholar ink guest to shake flag self cry out , advertisement flies all over the sky , may be called benevolent to see kernel, sage sees wisdomC/S configures inferior position and the advantage of software( 1 ) Application server operation data load is lightcomparatively.The database application of the most simple architecture of C/S is become by two partial groups, customer applies program and database server program. Both can be called as proscenium program and the program of backstage supporter respectively. The machine of operation database server program is also called as application server. Once server program had been started , waits the request concerning responding customer program hair at any time; Customer application program operation can be called as customer computer on the own computer of user, in correspondence with database server, when needs carry out any operation for the data in database, customer program seeks server program voluntarily , and sends request to it, server program is regular as basis intends to make to reply, send to return result, application server operation data load is lighter.( 2 ) Data store management function relatively transparent.In database application data store management function, is carried out respectively independently by server program and customer application program , is regular as proscenium application can violate , and usually those different( no matter is have known still unknown ) operations data, in server program, do not concentrate realization, for instance visit limits of authority, serial number can be repeated , must have customer talent establishment the rule order. It is these to own , for the last user that works on proscenium program is " transparent ", they need not be interest in ( can not usually also interfere ) the course of behind, can complete own all work. In the application of customer server configuration proscenium program not is very " thin ",troublesome matter is delivered to server and network. In the system of C/S take off , database can not become public really , professionally more competent storehouse, it gets independent special management.( 3 ) The inferior position of the configuration of C/S is high maintenance cost make investment just big.First, with the configuration of C/S, will select proper database platform to realize the genuine "unification" of database data, make the data synchronism that spreads in two lands complete deliver by database system go to manage, but the logically two operators of land will directly visit a same database to realize efficiently , have so some problems, if needs establishment the data synchronism of " real time ", the database server that must establish real time communication connection between two places and maintains two lands is online to run , network management staff will again want to defend and manage for customer end as server defends management , maintenance and complex tech support and the investment of this high needs have very high cost, maintenance task is measured.Secondly, the software of the structure of C/S of tradition need to develop the software of different edition according to the different system of operating system , is very rapid because of the renovation of product, price is working needs high with inefficient already do not meet. In JAVA step platform language appearance after, the configuration of B/S is more vigorous impact C/S , and forms threat and challenge for it. .The advantage of B/S configuration software( 1 ) The Maintenance of inferior position and upgrading way are simple.Now upgrading and the improvement of software system more and more frequently, the product of the configuration of B/S embodies more convenient property obviously. For one a little a little bit big unit , if systematic administrator needs , between hundreds of 1000 even last computers round trip run , efficiency and workload is to can imagine, but the configuration of B/S software needs management server have been all right , all customer ends are browser only, need not do any maintenance at all. No matter the scale of user has , is what , has how many branch will not increase any workload of maintenance upgrading , is all to operate needs to aim at server to go on;If need differently only, net server connection specially , realize long-range maintenance and upgrading and share. So client computer more and more " thin ", and server more and more " fat " is the direction of main stream of future informative development. In the future, software upgrading and maintenance will be more and more easy , and use can more and more simple, this is for user manpower , material resources, time and cost save is obvious , it is astonishing. Therefore defend and escalate revolutionary way is the client computer " it is thin ", " is fat " server.( 2 ) Cost reduction, it is more to select.All know windows in the computer of top of a table on nearly one Tong world, browser has become standard disposition, but on server operating system, windows is in absolute dominance position not. Current tendency is the application management software that uses the configuration of B/S all , need to install only in Linux server on , and safety is high. The so server option of operating system is many, no matter choosing those operating system, can let the most of ones use windows in order to the computer of top of a table of operating system does not get influence, this for make most popular free Linux operating system develop fast, Linux except operating system is free besides, it is also free to link database, this kind of option is very pupular.Say, many persons on daily, "Sina website" nets , so long as having installed browser for can , and what need not know the server of " Sina website " to use is that what operating system, and in fact the most of websites do not use windows operating system really, but the computer of user is most of as installing to be windows operating system.( 3 ) Application server operation data load value comparatively.Since B/S configures management, software installation in server end ( Server ) on, it is been all right that network administrator need to manage server only, the user interface major logic of general affairs in server ( Server ) end pass through WWW browser completely realization, lose the logic of general affairs very much in front( Browser) realization, all customer ends has only browser, network administrator need to do hardware maintenance only. But application server operation data load is heavier, once occuring " server collapse " to wait for problem,consequence is unimaginable. Therefore a lot of units have database to stock server , are ready for any eventuality.原文翻译:利用ASP开发Web应用程序首先必须确立Web应用的体系结构。

学习ASP之前学习ASP 之前，应掌握HTML 和CSS，以保证你能够熟练地编写静态网页。

有关HTML 教程，CSS 教程，请参见HTML教程，CSS教程。

另外，你还需掌握VBScript 脚本语言，因为这是编写ASP 网页最合适的脚本语言。

有关VBScript 脚本语言，请参见VBScript教程。

ASP简介ASP，英文全称为Active Server Pages。

ASP 是一种动态网页，文件后缀名为.asp。

ASP 网页是包含有服务器端脚本(server-side script) 的HTML 网页。

Web 服务器会处理这些脚本，将其转换成HTML 格式，再传到客户的浏览器端。

下面的图示，你可以很直观地理解HTML 和ASP 的区别。

HTML 和ASP 的区别HTML是编写网页的最简单的语言。

HTML 只能用于编写静态的网页。

当一个用户浏览器(下图所示：Web Client) 从Web 服务器(下图所示：Web Server) 要求一个HTML 网页时，Web 服务器就将这个网页直接发送给用户浏览器，不经过计算处理。

然后用户浏览器会处理该网页的HTML 代码，然后将结果显示出来。

见下图所示：而ASP 的处理过程则更复杂些。

当一个用户浏览器(下图所示：Web Client) 从Web 服务器(下图所示：Web Server) 要求一个ASP 网页时，Web 服务器会将这个ASP 文件发送给Web 服务器的ASP 引擎(下图所示：ASP Engine)，ASP 引擎则将该ASP 网页中所有的服务器端脚本(下图所示：<%和%>之间的代码) 转换成HTML 代码，然后将所有HTML 代码发送给用户浏览器。

见下图所示：ASP能干什么？用HTML, CSS 已经能够编写非常漂亮的静态网页，但是这些网页缺乏和用户的互动性。

比如，你需要为你的网站增加用户注册和登录的功能；你可能还需要做一些网上调查，了解用户对于某个事件或者产品的反馈；你还可能需要一个电子商务网站，及时发布产品信息和满足用户在线订购的需要......编写ASP 动态网页能够帮助你实现这些和用户互动的功能。

技术1.构建 页面 和结构 是微软.NET framework整体的一部分, 它包含一组大量的编程用的类，满足各种编程需要。

在下列的二个部分中, 你如何学会 很适合的放在.NET framework, 和学会能在你的 页面中使用语言。

.NET类库假想你是微软。

假想你必须支持大量的编程语言-比如Visual Basic 、C# 和C++. 这些编程语言的很多功能具有重叠性。

举例来说，对于每一种语言，你必须包括存取文件系统、与数据库协同工作和操作字符串的方法。

此外，这些语言包含相似的编程构造。

每种语言,举例来说，都能够使用循环语句和条件语句。

即使用Visual Basic 写的条件语句的语法不与用C++ 写的不一样,程序的功能也是相同的。

最后，大多数的编程语言有相似的数据变量类型。

以大多数的语言，你有设定字符串类型和整型数据类型的方法。

举例来说，整型数据最大值和最小值可能依赖语言的种类，但是基本的数据类型是相同的。

对于多种语言来说维持这一功能需要很大的工作量。

为什么继续再创轮子? 对所有的语言创建这种功能一次，然后把这个功能用在每一种语言中岂不是更容易。

.NET类库不完全是那样。

它含有大量的满足编程需要的类。

举例来说，.NET类库包含处理数据库访问的类和文件协同工作，操作文本和生成图像。

除此之外，它包含更多特殊的类用在正则表达式和处理Web协议。

.NET framework，此外包含支持所有的基本变量数据类型的类，比如：字符串、整型、字节型、字符型和数组。

最重要地, 写这一本书的目的, .NET类库包含构建的 页面的类。

然而你需要了解当你构建.NET页面的时候能够访问.NET framework 的任意类。

理解命名空间正如你猜测的, .NET framework是庞大的。

它包含数以千计的类(超过3,400) 。

幸运地，类不是简单的堆在一起。

.NET framework的类被组织成有层次结构的命名空间。

ASP术语解释activate（激活）一个编程过程。

它将一个对象装载到内存中，使其处于可执行或正运行状态。

或者，也指绑定对象使其进入运行状态的过程。

Active client（活动客户）活动平台的客户端元件。

它实现内容和应用程序的跨平台操作，包括对HTML、脚本语言（包括VBScript 和JScript）、Java小程序、ActiveX组件、ActiveX控件，以及Active文档的支持。

Active document（活动文档）一个基于Windows的、嵌入到浏览器中的非HTML应用程序，提供了从浏览器界面访问这些应用程序的功能的方法。

Active Group,The一个由The Open Group赞助的标准组织。

它是一个开放的、为客户服务的委员会，负责ActiveX技术和许可的发展和管理。

Active platform（活动平台）一个综合了客户、活动客户和服务器、活动服务器的完整集合。

它采用了基于组件的开发技术，使得开发者易于将Internet的连通性和个人计算机的强大功能结合起来。

Active server（活动服务器）活动平台的服务器方元件，具体来说，就是由Windows NT发布的服务器方技术的集合，它提供了一致的服务器方组件和脚本模式，以及一整套的针对组件应用程序管理、数据库访问、事务处理和消息处理的服务。

Active Server Page (ASP)Microsoft Internet Information Server 4.0中的服务器方执行环境。

它在服务器上执行ActiveX脚本和ActiveX组件。

ActiveX一套与语言无关的内部操作技术。

它使得采用不同语言编写的软件组件能够在网络环境中一起工作。

ActiveX的核心技术元件是COM和DCOM。

ActiveX automation（ActiveX自动化）一种与语言无关的、从应用程序外部操作ActiveX组件的方法的方式。

的。

这是一个设有一个可配置的字符串缓冲区并且管理新文本插入到该缓冲区，只有当文本长度超过字符串缓冲区的长度时，才产生字符串的充足。

微软网框架免费地提供了这种类别。

（System.Text.StringBuilder）。

这是在那种环境下进行串联操作所推荐的。

在ASP和传统的Visual Basic的世界中，我们无权使用此类别，因此我们需要建立我们自己的一个类别。

以下是一个范例是用Visual Basic 6.0创建的StringBuilder类（错误处理代码为了简便已省略）。

Option Explicitdefault initial size of buffer and growth factorPrivate Const DEF_INITIALSIZE As Long = 1000Private Const DEF_GROWTH As Long = 1000buffer size and growthPrivate m_nInitialSize As LongPrivate m_nGrowth As Longbuffer and buffer countersPrivate m_sText As StringPrivate m_nSize As LongPrivate m_nPos As LongPrivate Sub Class_Initialize()set defaults for size and growthm_nInitialSize = DEF_INITIALSIZEm_nGrowth = DEF_GROWTHinitialize bufferInitBufferEnd Subset the initial size and growth amountPublic Sub Init(ByVal InitialSize As Long, ByVal Growth As Long)If InitialSize > 0 Then m_nInitialSize = InitialSizeIf Growth > 0 Then m_nGrowth = GrowthEnd Subinitialize the bufferPrivate Sub InitBuffer()m_nSize=-1m_nPos=1End Subgrow the bufferPrivate Sub Grow(Optional MinimimGrowth As Long) initialize buffer if necessaryIf m_nSize = -1 Thenm_nSize = m_nInitialSizem_sText = Space$(m_nInitialSize)Elsejust growDim nGrowth As LongnGrowth = IIf(m_nGrowth > MinimimGrowth,m_nGrowth, MinimimGrowth)m_nSize = m_nSize + nGrowthm_sText = m_sText & Space$(nGrowth)End IfEnd Subtrim the buffer to the currently used sizePrivate Sub Shrink()If m_nSize > m_nPos Thenm_nSize = m_nPos - 1m_sText = RTrim$(m_sText)End IfEnd Subadd a single text stringPrivate Sub AppendInternal(ByVal Text As String) If (m_nPos + Len(Text)) > m_nSize Then Grow Len(Text) Mid$(m_sText, m_nPos, Len(Text)) = Textm_nPos = m_nPos + Len(Text)End Subadd a number of text stringsPublic Sub Append(ParamArray Text())Dim nArg As LongFor nArg = 0 To UBound(Text)AppendInternal CStr(Text(nArg))Next nArgEnd Subreturn the current string data and trim the bufferPublic Function ToString() As StringIf m_nPos > 0 ThenShrinkToString = m_sTextElseToString = ""End IfEnd Functionclear the buffer and reinitPublic Sub Clear()InitBufferEnd Sub使用这个类别的基本原理是一个类别级的变量（m_sText）被保留，这个变相相当于一个字符串缓冲区，而这个缓冲区的大小设定是靠使用Space$功能来对其填充空格符号。

原文：（一）An Active Server Page (ASP)1. This paper firstly introduces multi-tier B/S Architecture and Web-related technology .Based on them , this paper presents system objection, system demand, main feather and system design solution ,particularly describes system design and implement in detail. In system design and implement，and key points in other sub-system are also analyzed further .This paper also introduces mostly technology of system . Lastly, this paper makes a summery and figures out some problem which need to be improved.2. computing has brought about a whole new standard of corporate computing productivity, but at the same time it has introduced many new problems for corporate IT organizations.The advent of low-cost desktop computers makes B/S possible. No longer is it necessary for users to wait even seconds to interact with their corporate data. With their own computer on their desktop they do not need to wait for the mainframe to respond.All of this cheap computer power has also made it possible to support computation- intensive graphical interfaces, which are much easier for users to understand.In order for B/S to work, the application program which used to reside entirely on the mainframe has been split into two pieces, the client piece and the server piece.The portion of the application that resides in the Client personal computer includes logic for the presentation of information to the user and mechanisms for accepting user input. It also includes logic for data interaction at the Client, such as changing the appearance of the graphical interface as the user make various choices.The Client software often includes corporate business rules that allow data to be validated before it is sent to the server.The portion of the application that remains on the Server is usually just the portion that stores data at a central location, accessible to other users. The once mighty mainframes have been reduced to database servers, while the rest of the application has migrated out to the clients.This migration has caused many problems. The Client machines have become "fat". As the complexity of applications has risen it has become necessary to supply users with more and more powerful computers with faster processors, more disk storage, and more RAM. It is true that personal computer manufacturers have been able to deliver better and better computers for the same amount of money, but the constant upgrades required are costly for corporations. It takes more people and time to upgrade hundreds or thousands of personal computers than it used to take to just upgrade the mainframes.Setting aside the cost of Client equipment, the proliferation of corporate applications, including business logic, to hundreds or thousands of machines has become a major cost factor for corporations. Where IT staffs used to be able to maintain all the corporate software assets in one central location, they now need to maintain corporate software spread all across the corporation, often housed in computers that are out of IT control.There are many estimates available that the cost of Client/Server computing is eight or more times the cost of the equipment alone. Several companies offer large, expensive systems that have the sole purpose of maintaining corporate software spread out all over the corporation.The issue here is not personal-productivity software such as word processors and spreadsheets. Personal software products have enabled knowledge workers to attain new heights of productivity. The issue is the maintenance of corporate software, such as order-entry and accounting. Imagine the difficulty of making a schema change in a corporate database, and synchronizing that change with the updating of thousands of copies of the corresponding Client software.It is true that the use of department-level LANs can bring down the number of copies that need to be updated to hundreds, instead of thousands. The size of the LANs must be limited, because the large size of the fat client software requires a responsive LAN or else the users will just copy the enterprise software to their own machines, bringing us back to thousands of copies to be maintained.The task of making simultaneous changes to even hundreds of copies of client software is still a daunting one.3. which in turn serves it back to the client in your personal computer, which displays the information for you.The client/server model has become one of the central ideas of network computing. Most business applications being written today use the client/server model. So does the Internet's main program, TCP/IP. In marketing, the term has been used to distinguish distributed computing by smaller dispersed computers from the "monolithic" centralized computing of mainframe computers. But this distinction has largely disappeared as mainframes and their applications have also turned to the client/server model and become part of network computing.In the usual client/server model, one server, sometimes called a daemon, is activated and awaits client requests. Typically, multiple client programs share the services of a common server program. Both client programs and server programs are often part of a larger program or application. Relative to the Internet, your Web browser is a client program that requests services (the sending of Web pages or files) from a Web server (which technically is called a Hypertext Transport Protocol or HTTP server) in another computer somewhere on the Internet. Similarly, your computer with TCP/IP installed allows you to make client requests for files from File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers in other computers on the Internet.Other program relationship models included master/slave, with one program being in charge of all other programs, and peer-to-peer, with either of two programs able to initiate a transaction.ASP is also an abbreviation for application service provider.An Active Server Page (ASP) is an HTML page that includes one or more scripts (small embedded programs) that are processed on a Microsoft Web server before the page is sent to the user. An ASP is somewhat similar to a server-side include or a common gateway interface (CGI) application in that all involve programs that run on the server, usually tailoring a page for the user. Typically, the script in the Web pageat the server uses input received as the result of the user's request for the page to access data from a database and then builds or customizes the page on the fly before sending it to the requestor.ASP is a feature of the Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), but, since the server-side script is just building a regular HTML page, it can be delivered to almost any browser. You can create an ASP file by including a script written in VBScript or JavaScript in an HTML file or by using ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) program statements in the HTML file. You name the HTML file with the ".asp" file suffix. Microsoft recommends the use of the server-side ASP rather than a client-side script, where there is actually a choice, because the server-side script will result in an easily displayable HTML page. Client-side scripts (for example, with JavaScript) may not work as intended on older browsers.For Web service applications, Microsoft provides a new version of ASP support called .4. Browser/Server is a trademark for the new paradigm of corporate computing that is now possible using technology developed for the World Wide Web.At the present time the Web is used by the many corporations to distribute marketing materials. The corporate Web Server is usually just a Brochure Server for the Marketing department.The potential exists for using Web Browsers and Severs for much more, especially behind the corporate firewall. Browser/Server technology can be used to enhance most corporate computing systems, not just the system used for marketing.To understand the important new role that Browser/Server technology can play within a company it is useful to examine the previous paradigms that have paved the way for Browser/Server computing.Computers were first used in Batch mode. End users had little interaction with the corporate computing systems. Inputs would be gathered in a "batch" and keyed into punch cards, which were fed by operators into the mainframe computer when the computer was done running previous batch jobs. When the mainframe processed the job it usually produced printed output which eventually made its way to the end user. The batch process included no user interaction, and the only recourse a user had after discovering errors in the batch run was to go through the cycle, which often took hours or even days, again and again.The addition of dumb terminals to the mainframe gave the users direct, hands-on, connections to the corporate computer. Users no longer had to wait for a computer operator to run their jobs, they could enter the data and initiate processing themselves. There were still delays involved. Dumb terminals were useful for inputting and displaying information, but because they had no processing ability it was necessary for the user to interact with the mainframe in order to interact with their data. Batch jobs previously could be run one-by-one if necessary, but mainframes had to deal with all attached terminals seemingly at once. This lead to delays as users waited for the mainframe to "turn around" their terminal messages while they interacted with their data.Still, the delays were now down to seconds or minutes, instead of hours or days.Client/Server computing has brought about a whole new standard of corporate computing productivity, but at the same time it has introduced many new problems for corporate IT organizations.The advent of low-cost desktop computers makes Client/Server possible. No longer is it necessary for users to wait even seconds to interact with their corporate data. With their own computer on their desktop they do not need to wait for the mainframe to respond.All of this cheap computer power has also made it possible to support computation- intensive graphical interfaces, which are much easier for users to understand.In order for Client/Server to work, the application program which used to reside entirely on the mainframe has been split into two pieces, the client piece and the server piece.The portion of the application that resides in the Client personal computer includes logic for the presentation of information to the user and mechanisms for accepting user input. It also includes logic for data interaction at the Client, such as changing the appearance of the graphical interface as the user make various choices.The Client software often includes corporate business rules that allow data to be validated before it is sent to the server.The portion of the application that remains on the Server is usually just the portion that stores data at a central location, accessible to other users. The once mighty mainframes have been reduced to database servers, while the rest of the application has migrated out to the clients.This migration has caused many problems. The Client machines have become "fat". As the complexity of applications has risen it has become necessary to supply users with more and more powerful computers with faster processors, more disk storage, and more RAM. It is true that personal computer manufacturers have been able to deliver better and better computers for the same amount of money, but the constant upgrades required are costly for corporations. It takes more people and time to upgrade hundreds or thousands of personal computers than it used to take to just upgrade the mainframes.Setting aside the cost of Client equipment, the proliferation of corporate applications, including business logic, to hundreds or thousands of machines has become a major cost factor for corporations. Where IT staffs used to be able to maintain all the corporate software assets in one central location, they now need to maintain corporate software spread all across the corporation, often housed in computers that are out of IT control.There are many estimates available that the cost of Client/Server computing is eight or more times the cost of the equipment alone. Several companies offer large, expensive systems that have the sole purpose of maintaining corporate software spread out all over the corporation.The issue here is not personal-productivity software such as word processors and spreadsheets. Personal software products have enabled knowledge workers to attain new heights of productivity. The issue is the maintenance of corporate software, such as order-entry and accounting. Imagine the difficulty of making a schema change in acorporate database, and synchronizing that change with the updating of thousands of copies of the corresponding Client software.It is true that the use of department-level LANs can bring down the number of copies that need to be updated to hundreds, instead of thousands. The size of the LANs must be limited, because the large size of the fat client software requires a responsive LAN or else the users will just copy the enterprise software to their own machines, bringing us back to thousands of copies to be maintained.The task of making simultaneous changes to even hundreds of copies of client software is still a daunting one.The split-up of the corporate applications is different for Browser/Server . The user interface and the data interaction components are still run on the user machine, but the business logic usually remains on the Server, usually in a special Server called an Application Server.The user interface and data interaction components do run on the Client, but they are not ultimately stored there. They are most probably Java applets stored in a corporate Intranet Web Server, and they are automatically loaded into the Browser software on the user machine as they are needed. If a newer version becomes available, then that version is automatically loaded.We have achieved the same benefits as with Client/Server, but without the enormous distribution and maintenance problem. The only software that the user machine needs, besides an operating system and personal productivity software, is a Web Browser that runs Java applets.Since much of the "fat" of the application resides in the business logic Application Server, the need to constantly upgrade the user machines is greatly reduced. There is no need to spend precious time and hard disk space installing corporate software on thousands of user machines, or hundreds of departmental LANs.Corporate software assets now all reside in corporate servers, under IT control. Updates to systems are now easily coordinated.So exactly what is Browser/Server technology? Browser/Server is an important adaptation of modern network-centric computing that optimizes the performance of mission critical enterprise applications deployed via the corporate intranet and/or World Wide Web.Browser/Server accomplishes these performance gains with customized multi-tiered infrastructure and application designs that produce production solutions with reduced network requests and increased user interaction.（二）SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCEThe activity of software quality assurance is closely related to verification and validation activities carried out at each stage of the software life cycle[1]．Indeed，in many organizations there is no distinction made between these activities．However，quality assurance and other verification and validation activities are actually quite separate，with quality assurance being a management function and verification andvalidation being part of the process of software development[2]．An appropriate definition of software quality assurance is provided by Bersoff（1984）：Quality assurance consists of those procedures，techniques and tools applied by professionals to ensure that a product meets or exceeds prespecified standards during a products development cycle[3]；and without specific prescribed standards，quality assurance entails ensuring that a product meets or exceed a minimal industrial and / or commercially acceptable level of excellence．This definition is，of course[4]，a fairly general one and it suggests that，firstly，software standards can be established and，secondly，the level of excellence of a software product can be estimated．The development of software engineering project standards is an extremely difficult process. A standard is some abstract representation of a product which defines the minimal level of performance，robustness，organization，etc.，which the developed product must attain[5]．At the time of writing，some software standards have been developed by the IEEE，ANSI and military organizations．These standards describe configuration management plans，documentation，specification practices，software comparisons，etc．Other standards which are currently under development include standards for reliability，measurement，the use of Ada as PDL[6]，software testing and others．Bransta d and Powell（1984）describe both existing and planned software standards as well as discussing standardization in more general terms．The problem with national software standards is that they tend to be very general in nature. This is inevitable as，unlike hardware，we are not yet capable of quantifying most software characteristics．Effective quality assurance within an organization thus requires the development of more specific organizational standards．Of course，the problem which arises in developing software standards for quality assurance and which makes the assessment of the level of excellence of a software product difficult to assess is the elusive nature of software quality．Boehm et al．（1978）suggest that quality criteria include but are not limited to：Economy Correctness ResilienceIntegrity Reliability UsabilityDocumentation Modifiability ClarityUnderstandability Validity MaintainabilityFlexibility Generality PortabilityInteroperability Testability EfficiencyModularity ReusabilityExactly how some of these criteria may be quantified is not clear．Furthermore，as Buckley and Poston（1984）point out，parts of this definition may have no value for a particular product．It may be possible to transfer a system from a microcomputer to a large mainframe but this is often a nonsensical thing to do．Assessment of software quality thus still relies on the judgement of skilled individuals although this does not mean that it is necessarily inferior to quantitative assessment．After all，we cannotassess a painting or a play quantitatively yet this does not preclude a judgement of its quality．Within an organization，quality assurance should be carried out by an independent software quality assurance team who reports directly to management above the project manager level．The quality assurance team should not be associated with any particular development group but should be responsible for quality assurance across all project groups in an organization．The activity of quality assurance involves sitting in on design reviews[7]，program walkthroughs，etc. ，and reporting on the overall quality of the product as it is developed．It also involves checking that the finished product and its associated documentation conform to those standards which exist．The quality assurance team may also assess if the different representations of a product（requirements，design，code）are consistent and complete．Notice that quality assurance is not the same as system testing．It is the development or testing team’s responsibility to validate the system，with the quality assurance team reporting on both the validation and the adequacy of the validation effort．This naturally involves quality assurance being closely associated with the final integration testing of the system．Software quality assurance is now an emerging subdiscipline of software engineering[8]．As Buckly and Poston point out，effective software quality assurance is likely to lead to an ultimate reduction in software costs．However，the major hurdle in the path of software management in this area is the lack of usable software standards．The development of accepted and generally applicable standards should be one of the principal goals of research in software engineering．（三）SOFTWARE TESTING1. Purpose of TestingNo matter how capably we write programs，it is clear front the variety of possible errors that we should check to insure that our modules are coded correctly．Many programmers view testing as a demonstration that their programs perform properly．However，the idea of demonstrating correctness is really the reverse of what testing is all about．We test a program in order to demonstrate he existence of an error．Because our goal is to discover errors，we can consider a test successful only when an error is discovered．Once an error is found，“debugging”or error correction is the process of determining what causes the error and of making changes to the system so that the error no longer exists．2．Stages of TestingIn the development of a large system，testing involves several stages．First，each program module is tested as a single program，usually isolated from the other programs in the system．Such testing，known as module testing or unit-testing，verifies that the module functions properly with the types of input expected from studying themodule design．Unit testing is done in a controlled environment whenever possible so that the test team can feed a predetermined set of data to the module being tested and observe what output data are produced[1]．In addition，the test team checks the internal data structures，the logic，and the boundary conditions for the input and output data．When collections of modules have been unit-tested，the next step is to insure that the interfaces among the modules are defined and handled properly．Integration testing is the process of verifying that the components of a system work together as described in the program design and system design specifications．When collections of modules have been unit-tested，the next step is to insure that the interfaces among the modules are defined and handled properly．Integration testing is the process of verifying that the components of a system work together as described in the program design and system design specifications．Once we are sure that information is passed among modules according to the design prescriptions，we test the system to assure that it has the desired functionality．A function test evaluates the system to determine if the functions described by the requirements specification are actually performed by the integrated system [2]．The result，then，is a functioning system．Recall that the requirements were specified in two ways：first in the customer’s terminology and again as a set of software and hardware requirements．The function test compares the system being built with the functions described in the software and hardware requirements．Then，a performance test compares the system with the remainder of the software and hardware requirements．If the test is performed in the customer’s actual working environment，a successful test yields a validated system．However，if the test must be performed in a simulated environment，the resulting system is a verified system．When the performance test is complete，we as developers are certain that the system functions according to our understanding of the system description．The next step is to confer with the customer to make certain that the system works according to the customer’s expectations．We join with the customer to perform an acceptance test in which the system is checked against the customer’ s requirements description．When the acceptance test is complete，the accepted system is installed in the environment in which it will be used；a final I nstallation test is performed to make sure that the system still functions as it should．Fig. 8-2 illustrates the several stages of testing．Although systems may differ in size，the type of testing described in each stage is necessary for assuring the proper performance of any system being developed．译文：（一） asp技术1. 本文首先介绍了课题研究所用的技术:浏览器/服务器结构以及Web应用的相关数据库访问技术。

原文：The first. Origin of ASPThe research to ASP mode and ASP enterprise's origin can proceed with two respects , one to in terms of business and technology , is it carry on research to come from ASP developing history that business commit; Another one is studies the origins of ASP enterprises and evolution course at present in terms of organization's development.Whether stand up synthetically above-mentioned developing stage, to put it briefly, present ASP history and development path of provider can simple to describe as:The first, developed from the past ISP, rounded the infrastructure and communication function, cooperate with software manufacturer, increase the business scope, develop into the present IDC (the data centre of Internet)；The second，the past ISV (independent software provider ) and V AR (the trader that resells value-added service ), at Internet age , changed the marketing way in the past , would rely mainly on sale of the software product to change direction to rely mainly on the fact that right to use is leased in the past, bale from physics carrier encapsulation way change direction and long-range operation way main fact now, through the cooperation with network operator , realize the transition to ASP；The third ，IT service departments and traditional advisory companies of traditional large-scale organization, at the foundation known deeply in Internet , depend on long-term experience, is it carry on systematic design and implementation of scheme for other customer to begin, through establish in with trader who operates network and alliance relation between the application software manufacturer, realize the ASP provider that appears in the capacity of system integration trader.The second. The developing history and classification of ASPSeen from the present, ASP is as emerging and proposing formally it is only a thing from the end of 1998 to the beginning of 1999 of a kind of mode. And untilfrom the end of 1999 to the beginning of 2000 to a great extent, ASP field relevant outstanding behaviours at the capital market of Company just cause people's extensive concern. In fact speaking from the intension and essence of ASP mode, it is not the brand-new things, but the mode that had once had, has been given the new vitality at Internet age. During this festival, we will review the course that ASP produce development and develop, in order to help the essence of better deep understanding ASP. At the end, we will concentrate on introducing the situation which enterprises divide from different standards in ASP field at present.The third. The development foundation of ASP modeASP as one brand-new concept, proposition and it takes shape to be just time for more than half a year of it, but in U.S.A. and other fast-developing countries of IT industry, ASP is becoming a kind of new developing business mode of leading e-commerce in the future, main maturity based on following IT technology of precondition that ASP produces and develops: Popularization of Internet: Internet deepens people's life progressively , a large number of solutions based on Web are emerging constantly, all these make long-range application scheme based on host computer become possible; The bandwidth is increasing and dropping with the price constantly constantly: Communication performance and bandwidth expenses reduced continuously increased, make the application program at the host computer able to visit through Internet and tight client; Whether client / server can use by sharing under the environment. The remote access in ASP concept , users have already been accustomed to under the enviroment of client / the server, this make remote access and is it is it become acceptable first business mode to use to share; The browser becomes figure interface application program accepting extensively: The wide application and development of the technology of the browser have gathered enough technology and human resources for the calculation based on the calculation of Web and thin client, and good user' s foundation; Potentiality of e-commerce solution: Advanced e-commerce solution, has shared a lot of thorny business and technological question together with concept of ASP, such as systematic security and dependability. So, the enormous motive force of e-commerce is promoting the advancing of ASP.THE forth. China ASP market's overviewIn 2000, the total sales amount of China ASP market was 33 million dollars, accounted for 0.3% of global total sales amount. IDC is expected, the annual average rate of increase of the large China district ASP market will be 64% from 2000 to 2004, by 2004, the capacity of the large China district ASP market will reach 243 million dollars. China ASP market began to sprout when the beginning of 2000, remains the market for an unripe initial stage now, it show as the market store medium and small-scale specializing in using and serving Company that comes up to a large number in, it is mainly those traditional independent software developers , system integration trader and .com Company. But company these possess heavy competitiveness too at ability and Company scale that itself provide service.Internet of our country develops after going through fanatically, begins to tend towards reason and norm this year. It is exactly while summarizing and adjusting website's industry's development path now, we need to think and know Internet's own characteristic and advantage again for this. Its characteristics, such as high-efficient, simple and direct, individualized, resource-sharing, crossing over space-time and relatively cheap cost, etc., it is the motive power that it must use high-speed development. At the present, those companies specializing in offering service of using still face the challenge. First of all, in among being IT trade, is it is it serve these kind of mode far accept by masses even to use to sell, because most traditional trades have not realized yet that ASP way can bring the interests to them; Secondly, how to sell the application program in a kind of way which is similar to the whole solution, it is all important problems that ASP manufacturers face how to make pricing system; Finally, how be through offer application program service and traditional software sell mode participate in the competition, it is a question that China ASP should be pondered deeply too. And at present, the operation principles of most websites are remote from above-mentioned advantage and characteristic in Internet, the trains of thought of operation of websites seem that still stays in management mode and management theory in old era. But at the same time, the current situation of the Chinese market is that the competition is being aggravated constantly amongenterprises, e-commerce is developed rapidly and ten millions of small and medium enterprises all generally lack the fund and well-trained job IT personnel, these reasons will promote the development in China of this kind of mode of ASP too. The scale of website of this kind of mode is like large-scale enterprises or large-scale company too, we can say although the sparrow is small, the five internal organs are available. A key job of believing that in the near future , the content will be made and the customer service will become websites. Even make the respect in the content, needn't make personnel totally regular and centralized either. The most emerging technology has already made us able to finish the organization, exchange of the webpage, format and transplanting in the twinkling of an eye on Internet directly, the huge administration in website's company and personnel management organization will have passed out of existence; With the progress of the society, human life will be closely linked with Internet , website company is it invest a large amount of manpower and huge fund is it cover the sky and the earth , promote get households of propaganda of type to go on to need; And Chinese enterprise choose factor that ASP consider especially at the manufacturer concentrate on data security guarantee , professional IT quality respect of personnel too. Meanwhile, because such new service form confidence insufficient to ASP, reliance of degree one quite general phenomenon too to ASP manufacturer prestige. Rank choice factor after the factor these include the price , implement speed and expansibility of application program ,etc. also. But we are looking forward to, ASP service business that will be developed soon, will offer sectional system integration of the module service for website's construction. It can make individual set up homepage with perfect function need to set foot in any technological development even. So website operation can get rid of huge technological development and maintain organization from then on, this is the developing direction of ASP and trend of the market in the future. If we call it as making the undertaking totally all living key of websites to the future, that will not exaggerate at all. IDC thinks that in two years in the future, ASP market of China will move to maturity progressively, certainly will eliminate a batch of commercial modes in the unclear or company that one's own ability is worse too, by 2003, China ASP market will demonstrate the trendof steady growth. And in coordination with the applied software market, vertical trade ASP market, SCM applied software market, CRM applied software market will be that China's development will be very fast in the following two years, field of having more commercial opportunities.译文：1.ASP的起源对于ASP模式和ASP企业起源的研究，我们可以从两个方面入手，第一个是从技术和业务的角度分析，主要是从ASP业务构成的发展历史来进行研究；另一个是从ASP企业起源的组织机构发展的角度分析，从而来研究目前ASP企业的由来、发展和演化的一个过程。

什么是ASP服务？
ASP是英文Application Service Provider的缩写，通常中文译为应用服务提供商，它是指配置、租赁和管理应用解决方案，为商业、个人提供服务的专业化服务公司。

ASP最早出现于1998年，它具有以下特点：
1. ASP以应用为业务核心，出售应用访问，为客户提供对应用的访问和管理。

客户不需要为自身的应用需求在设备、软件、人员等方面再做投资。

通过使用ASP服务，并按使用周期付费，可以极大地降低企业应用系统的投资风险和初期投入；
2.ASP对多个客户服务，进行集中管理。

ASP提供一套标准化应用包，为多个不同的客户提供专业化的应用服务，一般在一个中心位置进行集中管理，客户通过互联网进行远程访问所需的应用；
3. 与传统公司内部运作的应用软件相比较，ASP使其安全性、可靠性和可伸缩性大为增强。

客户不必再考虑维护和升级的问题，成本大大降低。

ASP服务的优势
ASP被认为是继ISP、ICP、电子商务之后的互联网应用的第四阶段，也是传统产业与互联网结合的最佳方式。

1. 满足了分布式公司对远距离办公的需求，具有普适性，只要在能够访问Internet 的地方就能够享受到ASP 服务。

2. ASP服务实现异地同步和协同管理：跨地域的应用，有效地解决了集团型企业和分销模式企业异地信息整合和协同管理需要。

3. ASP模式使客户花最少的钱，就能够接触到先进的IT技术，将精力集中于企业的核心业务。

本科毕业论文外文翻译附录A 英文原文The Active Server Pages( ASP) is a server to carry the script plait writes the environment, using it can create to set up with circulate the development, alternant Web server application procedure. Using the ASP cans combine the page of HTML, script order to create to set up the alternant the page of Web with the module of ActiveX with the mighty and applied procedure in function that according to Web. The applied procedure in ASP develops very easily with modify.The HTML plait writes the personnel if you are a simple method that a HTML plait writes the personnel, you will discover the script of ASP providing to create to have diplomatic relation with each other page. If you once want that collect the data from the form of HTML, or use the name personalization HTML document of the customer, or according to the different characteristic in different usage of the browser, you will discover ASP providing an outstanding solution. Before, to think that collect the data from the form of HTML, have to study a plait distance language to create to set up a CGI application procedure. Now, you only some simple instruction into arrive in your HTML document, can collect from the form the data combine proceeding analysis. You need not study the complete plait distance language again or edit and translate the procedure to create to have diplomatic relation alone with each other page.Along with control to use the ASP continuously with the phonetic technique in script, you can create to set up the more complicated script. For the ASP, you can then conveniently usage ActiveX module to carry out the complicated mission, link the database for example with saving with inspectional information.If you have controlled a script language, such as VBScript, JavaScript or PERL, and you have understood the method that use the ASP.As long as installed to match the standard cowgirl in the script of ActiveX script engine, can use in the page of ASP an any a script language. Does the ASP take the Microsoft? Visual Basic? Scripting Edition ( VBScript) with Microsoft? Script? Of script engine, like this you can start the editor script immediately. PERL, REXX with Python ActiveX script engine canfrom the third square develops the personnel acquires. The Web develops the personnel if you have controlled a plait distance language, such as Visual Basic, you will discover the ASP creates a very vivid method that set up the Web application procedure quickly. Pass to face to increase in the HTML the script order any, you can create the HTML that set up the applied procedure connects. Pass to create to set up own the module of ActiveX, can will apply the business in the procedure logic seal to pack and can adjust from the script, other module or from the other procedure the mold piece that use.The usage ASP proceeds the calculating Web can convert into the visible benefits, it can make the supplier of Web provide the alternant business application but not only is to announce the contents. For example, the travel agency can compare the announcement aviation schedule makes out more; Using the script of ASP can let the customer inspect the current service, comparison expenses and prepare to book seats.Include too can lower in the Windows NT Option Microsoft in the pack Transaction Server ( MTS) on the server complexity of constructing the procedure with expenses. The MTS can resolve to develop those confidentialities strong, can ratings of and the dependable Web applies the complexity problem of the procedure. Active Server Pages modelThe browser requests from the server of Web. Hour of asp document, the script of ASP starts circulating. Then the server of Web adjusts to use the ASP, the ASP reads completely the document of the claim, carry out all scripts order any, combining to deliver the page of Web to browser.Because script is on the server but is not at the customer to carry the movement, deliver the page of Web on the browser is on the Web server born. Combining to deliver the standard HTML to browser. Because only the result that there is script returns the browser, so the server carries the not easy replication in script. The customer cans not see to create to set up them at script order that the page that view.We introduce the Basic form of the database language known as SQL, a language that allows us to query and manipulate data on computerized relational database systems. SQL has been the lingua franca for RDBMS since the early 1980s, and it isof fundamental importance for many of the concepts presented in this text. The SQL language is currently in transition from the relational form (the ANSI SQL –92 standard) to a newer object-relational form (ANSI SQL -99, which was released in 1999). SQL-99 should be thought of as extending SQL-92, not changing any of the earlier valid language. Usually, the basic SQL we define matches most closely the ANSI SQL standards basic subsets, called Entry SQL -92 and core SQL-99 that are commonly implemented; our touchstone in defining basic SQL is to provide a syntax that is fully available on most of the major RDBMS products[7].We begin with an overview of SQL capabilities, and then we explain something about the multiple SQL standards and dialects and how we will deal with these in our presentation.We will learn how to pose comparable queries in SQL, using a form known as the Select statement. As we will see, the SQL select statement offers more flexibility in a number of ways than relational algebra for posing queries. However, there is no fundamental improvement in power, nothing that could not be achieved in relational algebra , given a few well-considered extensions. For this reason, experience with relational algebra gives us a good idea of what can be accomplished in SQL. At the same time, SQL and relational algebra have quite different conceptual models in a number of respects, and the insight drawn from familiarity with the relational algebra approach may enhance your understanding of SQL capabilities.The most important new feature you will encounter with SQL is the ability to pose queries interactively in a computerized environment. The SQL select statement is more complicated and difficult to master than the relatively simple relational algebra, but you should never feel list or uncertain as long as you have access to computer facilities where a few experiments can clear up uncertainties about SQL use. The interactive SQL environment discussed in the current chapter allows you to type a query on a monitor screen and get an immediate answer. Such interactive queries are sometimes called ad box queries. This term refers to the fact that an SQL select statement is meant to be composed all at once in a few type written lines and not be dependent on any prior interaction in a user session. The feature of not being dependent on prior interaction is also down as non-procedurality. SQL differs in thisway even from relational algebra, where a prior alias statement might be needed in order to represent a product of a table with itself. The difference between SQL and procedural languages such as java or c is profound: you do not need to write a program to try out an SQL query, you just have to type the relatively short, self-contained text of the query and submit it .Of course, an SQL query can be rather complex . A limited part of this full form, know as a sub-query, is defined recursively, and the full select statement form has one added clause. You should not feel intimidated by the complexity of the select statement, however. The fact that a select statement is non-procedural means that it has a lot in common with a menu driven application, where a user is expected to fill in some set of choices from a menu and then press the enter key to execute the menu choices all at once. The various clauses of the select statement correspond to menu choices: you will occasionally need all these clauses, but on not expect to use all of them every time you pose a query.Observed reliability depends on the context in which the system s used. As discussed already, the system environment cannot be specified in advance nor can the system designers place restrictions on that environment for operational systems. Different systems in an environment may react to problems in unpredictable ways, thus affecting the reliability of all of these systems. There for, even when the system has been integrated, it may be difficult to make accurate measurements of its reliability.Visual Basic Database Access prospectsWith the recent Web application software and the rapid development of the existing data stored in diverse forms, Visual Basic Database Access Solutions faces such as rapid extraction enterprises located in the internal and external business information with the multiple challenges. To this end Microsoft, a new database access strategy "unified data access" (UniversalDataAccess) strategy. "Unified data access" to provide high-performance access, including relational and non-relational data in a variety of sources, provide independent in the development of language development tools and the simple programming interface, these technologies makes enterprise integration of multiple data sources, better choice of development tools,application software, operating platforms, and will establish a maintenance easy solution possible.Form:Jilin normal university，07th issue in 2007 附录B 汉语翻译Active Server Pages（ASP）是服务器端脚本编写环境，使用它可以创建和运行动态、交互的Web 服务器应用程序。

b.启动Internet信息服务（IIS）
Internet信息服务简称为IIS，单击Windows开始菜单---所有程序---管理工具---Internet信息服务（IIS）管理器，即可启动“Internet信息服务”管理工具.
c.配置IIS
IIS安装后，系统自动创建了一个默认的Web站点，该站点的主目录默认为C:\\Inetpub\\www.root。
（1）利用ASP可以实现突破静态网页的一些功能限制，实现动态网页技术；
（2）ASP文件是包含在HTML代码所组成的文件中的，易于修改和测试；
（3）服务器上的ASP解释程序会在服务器端执行ASP程序，并将结果以HTML格式传送到客户端浏览器上，因此使用各种浏览器都可以正常浏览ASP所产生的网页；
ASP正在IT经济大潮中显山露水，其发展前景不可估量。
3. ASP的发展阶段和面临的问题
以网络服务商、软件厂商和ISP为主力的各种IT角色，正在根据自己的优势条件出发对ASP领域进行多种方面的尝试。就目前阶段来讲，ASP提供的服务不计其数五花八门，没有标准化和量化的概念，硬件厂商向ASP的“土壤”和势力方向靠拢，软件厂商和ISP则直接参与到ASP业务的第一线。
设置主页文档
单击“文档”标签，可切换到对主页文档的设置页面,主页文档是在浏览器中键入网站域名，而未制定所要访问的网页文件时，系统默认访问的页面文件。常见的主页文件名有index.htm、index.html、index.asp、index.php、index.jsp、default.htm、default.html、default.asp等
在流行之前，最常用的三种动态网页语言有ASP(Active Server Pages),JSP(JavaServer Pages),PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)。

附录 1 英文原文Introduction to Pages and Inline Code and Share[10] The Web Forms page framework is a scalable common language runtime programming model that can be used on the server to dynamically generate Web pages. Intended as a logical evolution of ASP ( provides syntax compatibility with existing pages), the page framework has been specifically designed to address a number of key deficiencies in the previous model. In particular, it provides the ability to create and use reusable UI controls that can encapsulate common functionality and thus reduce the amount of code that a page developer has to write, the ability for developers to cleanly structure their page logic in an orderly fashion (not "spaghetti code"), and the ability for development tools to provide strong WYSIWYG design support for pages (existing classic ASP code is opaque to tools). This section of the QuickStart provides a high-level code walkthrough of some basic page features. Subsequent sections of the QuickStart drill down into more specific details. pages are text files with an .htm file name extension. Pages consist of code and markup and are dynamically compiled and executed on the server to produce a rendering to the requesting client browser (or device). They can be deployed throughout an IIS virtual root directory tree. When a browser client requests .htm resources, the runtime parses and compiles the target file into a .NET Framework class. This class can then be used to dynamically process incoming requests. (Note that the .htm file is compiled only the first time it is accessed; the compiled type instance is then reused across multiple requests).An page can be created simply by taking an existing HTML file and changing its file name extension to .htm (no modification of code is required). For example, the following sample demonstrates a simple HTML page that collects a user's name and category preference and then performs a form postback to the originating page when a button is clicked:Important: Note that nothing happens yet when you click the Lookup button. Thisis because the .htm file contains only static HTML (no dynamic content). Thus, the same HTML is sent back to the client on each trip to the page, which results in a loss of the contents of the form fields (the text box and drop-down list) between requests. provides syntax compatibility with existing ASP pages. This includes support for <% %> code render blocks that can be intermixed with HTML content within an .htm file. These code blocks execute in a top-down manner at page render time.The below example demonstrates how <% %> render blocks can be used to loop over an HTML block (increasing the font size each time):Important: Unlike with ASP, the code used within the above <% %> blocks is actually compiled--not interpreted using a script engine. This results in improved runtime execution performance. page developers can utilize <% %> code blocks to dynamically modify HTML output much as they can today with ASP. For example, the following sample demonstrates how <% %> code blocks can be used to interpret results posted back from a client.Important: While <% %> code blocks provide a powerful way to custom manipulate the text output returned from an page, they do not provide a clean HTML programming model. As the sample above illustrates, developers using only <% %> code blocks must custom manage page state between round trips and custom interpret posted values.In addition to code and markup, pages can contain server controls, which are programmable server-side objects that typically represent a UI element in the page, such as a textbox or image. Server controls participate in the execution of the page and produce their own markup rendering to the client. The principle advantage of server controls is that they enable developers to get complex rendering and behaviors from simple building-block components, dramatically reducing the amount of code it takes to produce a dynamic Web page. Another advantage of server controls is that it is easy to customize theirrendering or behavior. Server controls expose properties that can be set either declaratively (on the tag) or programmatically (in code). Server controls (and the page itself) also expose events that developers can handle to perform specific actions during the page execution or in response to a client-side action that posts the page back to the server (a "postback"). Server controls also simplify the problem of retaining state across round-trips to the server, automatically retaining their values across successive postbacks.Server controls are declared within an .htm file using custom tags or intrinsic HTML tags that contain a runat="server" attribute value. Intrinsic HTML tags are handled by one of the controls in the System.Web.UI.HtmlControls namespace. Any tag that doesn't explicitly map to one of the controls is assigned the type of System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlGenericControl.Important: Note that these server controls automatically maintain anyclient-entered values between round trips to the server. This control state is not stored on the server (it is instead stored within an <input type="hidden"> form field that is round-tripped between requests). Note also that no client-side script is required.In addition to supporting standard HTML input controls, enables developers to utilize richer custom controls on their pages. For example, the following sample demonstrates how the <asp:adrotator> control can be used to dynamically display rotating ads on a page.Each server control is capable of exposing an object model containing properties, methods, and events. developers can use this object model to cleanly modify and interact with the page.Note, however, how much cleaner and easier the code is in this new server-control-based version. As we will see later in the tutorial, the page Framework also exposes a variety of page-level events that you can handle to write code to execute a specific time during the processing of the page. Examples of these events are Page_Load and Page_Render.The example below demonstrates a simple page with three servercontrols, a TextBox, Button, and a Label. Initially these controls just render their HTML form equivalents. However, when a value is typed in the TextBox and the Button is clicked on the client, the page posts back to the server and the page handles this click event in the code of the page, dynamically updating the Text property of the Label control. The page then re-renders to reflect the updated text. This simple example demonstrates the basic mechanics behind the server control model that has made one of the easiest Web programming models to learn and master.Note that in the preceding example the event handler for the Button was located between <script></script>tags in the same page containing the server controls. calls this type of page programming code-inline, and it is very useful when you want to maintain your code and presentation logic in a single file. However, also supports another way to factor your code and presentation content, called the code-behind model. When using code-behind, the code for handling events is located in a physically separate file from the page that contains server controls and markup. This clear delineation between code and content is useful when you need to maintain these separately, such as when more than one person is involved in creating the application. It is often common in group projects to have designers working on the UI portions of an application while developers work on the behavior or code. The code-behind model is well-suited to that environment. 2.0 introduces an improved runtime for code-behind pages that simplifies the connections between the page and code. In this new code-behind model, the page is declared as a partial class, which enables both the page and code files to be compiled into a single class at runtime. The page code refers to the code-behind file in the CodeFile attribute of the <%@ Page %>directive, specifying the class name in the Inherits attribute. Note that members of the code behind class must be either public or protected (they cannot be private).The advantage of the simplified code-behind model over previous versions is that you do not need to maintain separate declarations of server control variablesin the code-behind class. Using partial classes (new in 2.0) allows the server control IDs of the ASPX page to be accessed directly in the code-behind file. This greatly simplifies the maintenance of code-behind pages.Although you can place code inside each page within your site (using the inline or code-behind separation models described in the previous section), there are times when you will want to share code across several pages in your site. It would be inefficient and difficult to maintain this code by copying it to every page that needs it. Fortunately, provides several convenient ways to make code accessible to all pages in an application.Just as pages can be compiled dynamically at runtime, so can arbitrary code files (for example .cs or .vb files). 2.0 introduces the App_Code directory, which can contain standalone files that contain code to be shared across several pages in your application. Unlike 1.x, which required these files to be precompiled to the Bin directory, any code files in the App_Code directory will be dynamically compiled at runtime and made available to the application. It is possible to place files of more than one language under the App_Code directory, provided they are partitioned in subdirectories (registered with a particular language in Web.config). The example below demonstrates using the App_Code directory to contain a single class file called from the page.By default, the App_Code directory can only contain files of the same language. However, you may partition the App_Code directory into subdirectories (each containing files of the same language) in order to contain multiple languages under the App_Code directory. To do this, you need to register each subdirectory in the Web.config file for the application.<configuration><system.web><compilation><codeSubDirectories><add directoryName="Subdirectory"/></codeSubDirectories></compilation></system.web></configuration>Supported in version 1, the Bin directory is like the Code directory, except it can contain precompiled assemblies. This is useful when you need to use code that is possibly written by someone other than yourself, where you don't have access to the source code (VB or C# file) but you have a compiled DLL instead. Simply place the assembly in the Bin directory to make it available to your site. By default, all assemblies in the Bin directory are automatically loaded in the app and made accessibe to pages. You may need to Import specific namespaces from assemblies in the Bin directory using the @Import directive at the top of the page.The .NET Framework 2.0 includes a number of assemblies that represent the various parts of the Framework. These assemblies are stored in the global assembly cache, which is a versioned repository of assemblies made available to all applications on the machine (not just a specific application, as is the case with Bin and App_Code). Several assemblies in the Framework are automatically made available to applications. You can register additional assemblies by registration in a Web.config file in your application.<configuration><compilation><assemblies><add assembly="System.Data, Version=1.0.2411.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/></assemblies></compilation></configuration>附录 2 中文译文介绍以及内联代码和共享 Web 窗体页框架是一种可用于在服务器上动态生成网页的可伸缩公共语言运行库编程模型。

中英文资料外文文献及翻译：On the ASP to maintain the security of applicationsabout DataSet and the parallel implementation of 【abstract】 DataSetsTheDataSetobject is central tosupporting disconnected, distributed data scenarios with . TheDataTableCollectionAn DataSetcontains acollection of zero or more tables represent ed byDataTableobjects.Properly configured security settings to protect your ASP applications will not be unauthorized user access and tampering. The ASP provides a wide range of application of safeguard procedures.【keyword】 DataSet，asp,Security,web server DataSetsTheDataSetobject is central tosupporting disconnected, distributed data scenarios with A . TheDataSetis a memory-residentrepresentation of data that provides a consistent relational programming modelregardless of the data source. It can be used with multiple and differing datasources, with XML data, or to manage data local to the application. TheDataSetrepresents acomplete set of data, including related tables, constrai nts, and relationshipsamong the tables. The following illustration shows theDataSetobject model.DataSetobject mo del The methods andobjects in aDataSetare consistent with those in the relational databasemodel.TheDataSetcan al so persist andreload its contents as XML, and its schema as XML schema definition language(XSD) schema.ASP is a server-side scripting environment, through such an environment, users can create and run dynamic, interactive Web server applications. ASP's ActiveX technology is based on the use of open design environment, users can create their own definitions and components by adding them to their own dynamic web site with almost unlimited capacity to expand. ASP can also use ADO to access the database quickly and easily, allowing the development of applications based on the WWW possible. DataSet and the parallel implementation of TheDataTableCollectionAn DataSetcontains acollection of zero or more tables represented byData Tableobjects. TheDataTableCollectioncontains all theDataTableobjects in aDataSet.ADataTableis defined in theSy stem.Datanamespace andrepresents a single table of memory-resident data. It contains a collection ofcolumns represented by aDataColumnCollection, and constraintsrepresented by aConstraintCollection, which together define the schema of thetable.ADataTablealso contains a collection of rows represented by theDataRowCollection, which contains thedata in the table. Along with its current state, aDataRowretains both itscurrent and original versions to identify changes to the values stored in therow. TheDataView ClassADataViewenables you tocreate different views of the data stor ed in aDataTable, a capability thatis often used in data-binding applications. Using aDataView, you can expose the data in a table with different sort orders, and you can filter the data by rowstate or based on a filter expression. Th eDataRelationCollectionADataSetcontains relationshipsin itsDataRelationCollectionobject. A relationship, represe nted bytheDataRelationobject, associates rows inoneDataTablewith rows in anotherDataTable.A relationship isanalogous to a join path that might exist between primary and foreign keycolumns in a relatio nal database. ADataRelationidentifies matchingcolumns in two tables of aDataSet.Relationships enablenavigation from one table to another in aDataSet. The essentialelements of aDataRelationare the name of the relationship, the name of the tablesbeing related, and the related columns in each table. Relationships can bebuilt with more than on e column per table by specifying an array ofDataColumnobjects as the keycolumns. When you add a relationship t o theDataRelationCollection, you can optionallyadd aUniqueKeyConstraintand aForeignKeyConstraintto enforce i ntegrityconstraints when changes are made to related column values. XMLYou can fill aDataSetfrom an XMLstre am or document. You can use the XML stream or document to supply to theDataSeteither data, schemainformation , or both. The information supplied from the XML stream or documentcan be combined with existing data or sche ma information already present in theDataSet. ExtendedPropertiesTheDataSet,DataTable, andDataColumnall hav e anExtendedPropertiesproperty.ExtendedPropertiesis aPropertyCollectionwhere you can placecustom information , such as the SELECT statement that was used to generate theresult set, or the time when the data was generated. T heExtendedPropertiescollection ispersisted with the schema information for theDataSet.LINQ toDataSetLINQ to DataSetprovides language-integrated querying capabilities for disconnected data sto redin a DataSet. LINQ to DataSet uses standard LINQ syntax and providescompile-time syntax checking, static ty ping, and IntelliSense support when youare using the Visual Studio IDE.5、Side-by-Side Execution in Side-by-sideexecution in the .NET Framework is the ability to execute an ap plication on acomputer that has multiple versions of the .NET Framework installed,exclusively using the version f or which the application was compiled.An applicationcompiled by using one version of the .NET Framework can r un on a differentversion of the .NET Framework. However, we recommend that you compile a versionof the applic ation for each installed version of the .NET Framework, and runthem separately. In either scenario, you should be aware of changes in between releases that can affect the forward compatibility or backwardcompatibilit y of your application.ForwardCompatibility and Backward CompatibilityForward compatibilitymeans that an application can be c ompiled with an earlier version of the .NETFramework, but will still run successfully on a later version of the .NETFramework. code written for the .NET Framework version 1.1 is forwardcompatible with later versio ns.Backwardcompatibility means that an application is compiled for a newer version of Framework, but c ontinues to run on earlier versions of the .NET Frameworkwithout any loss of functionality. Of course, this will no t be the case forfeatures introduced in a new version of the .NET Framework. The .NETFramework Data Provider for ODBCStarting with version1.1, the .NET Framework Data Provider for ODBC (System.Data.Odbc) is include d as apart of the .NET Framework. The ODBC data provider is available to .NETFramework version 1.0 developer s as a Web download from theDataAccess andStorageDeveloperCenter.The namespace forthe downloaded .NET Framework Data Provider for ODBC isMicrosoft.Data.Odbc.If you have anapplication developed for the .NET Framework version 1.0 that uses the ODBCdata provider to connect to your data source, and you want to run thatapplication on the .NET Framework version 1.1 or a later version, you m ustupdate the namespace for the ODBC data provider toSystem.Data.Odbc. You then mustrecompile it for the new er version of the .NET Framework.If you have anapplication developed for the .NET Framework version 2.0 or lat er that uses theODBC data provider to connect to your data source, and you want to run thatapplication on the .NE T Framework version 1.0, you must download the ODBC dataprovider and install it on the .NET Framework versi on 1.0 system. You then mustchange the namespace for the ODBC data provider toMicrosoft.Data.Odbc, and reco mpile theapplication for the .NET Framework version 1.0. The .NETFramework Data Provider for OracleStarting with version1.1, the .NET Framework Data Provider for Oracle (System.Data.OracleClient) is included as apart of the .NET Framework. The data provider is available to .NET Frameworkversion 1.0 developers as a Web downloa d from theData AccessandStorageDeveloperCenter.If you have anapplication developed for the .NET Framework version 2.0 or later that uses thedata provider to connect to your data source, and you want to run thatapplication o n the .NET Framework version 1.0, you must download the dataprovider and install it on the .NET Framework ver sion 1.0 system. CodeAccess SecurityThe .NET Frameworkdata providers in the .NET Framework version 1.0 (S ystem.Data.SqlClient,System.Data.OleDb) are required to runwith FullTrust permission. Any attempt to use the .N ET Framework k dataproviders from the .NET Framework version 1.0 in a zone with less thanFullTrust permissio n causes aSecurityException.However, startingwith the .NET Framework version 2.0, all of the .NET Framework data providerscan be used in partially trusted zones. In addition, a new security feature wasadded to the .NET Fram ework data providers in the .NET Framework version 1.1.This feature enables you to restrict what connection strin gs can be used in aparticular security zone. You can also disable the use of blank passwords for aparticular security zone. For more informationBecause eachinstallation of the .NET Framework has a separate Security.config file, th ereare no compatibility issues with security settings. However, if yourapplication depends on the additional securit y capabilities of includedin the .NET Framework version 1.1 and later, you will not be able to distribut eit to a version 1.0 system. SqlCommandExecutionStarting with Framework version 1.1, the way thatEx ecuteReaderexecutes commands atthe data source was changed.In the .NET Frameworkversion 1.0,ExecuteReader executed all commands in the context of thesp_executesqlstored procedure. Asa result, commands that affect the state of the connection (for example, SETNOCOUNT ON), only apply to the execution of the current command. Th e state ofthe connection is not modified for any subsequent commands executed while theconnection is open.In the .NETFramework version 1.1 and later,ExecuteReaderonly executes acommand in the context of thesp_executesqls tored procedure if the command containsparameters, which provides a performance benefit. As a result, if a comm andaffecting the state of the connection is included in a non-parameterizedcommand, it modifies the state of the co nnection for all subsequent commandsexecuted while the connection is open.Consider thefollowing batch of comm ands executed in a call toExecuteReader.In the .NET Frameworkversion 1.1 and later, NOCOUNT will remain ON for any subsequent commandsexecuted while the connection is open. In the .NET Framework version 1.0, NOCO UNTis only ON for the current command execution.This change canaffect both the forward and backward compati bility of your application if youdepend on the behavior ofExecuteReaderfor either version of the .NET Framework. For applications thatrun on both earlier and later versions of the .NET Framework, you can writeyour code to mak e sure that the behavior is the same regardless of the versionyou are running on.If you want to make sure that a command modifies the stateof the connection for all subsequent commands, we recommend that you executeyour command usingExecuteNonQuery. If you want to make sure that a command does not modifythe connection for all subsequent commands, we recommend that you include thecommands to res et the state of the connection in your command. For example: MicrosoftSQL Server Native ClientMicrosoft SQL ServerNative Client contains the SQL OLE DB provider and SQL ODBC driver in onenative dynamic link library (DLL) supporting applications using native-codeAPIs (ODBC, OLE DB andADO)to Microsoft SQL Server. SQL Server Native Client should be used rather thanMicrosoft Data Access Components (MDAC) to create new applica tions or enhanceexisting applications that need to take advantage of features that wereintroduced in SQL Server 20 05, such as Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS),Query Notifications, User-Defined Types (UDT), and XML data type support. MicrosoftData Access Components (MDAC)The .NET Frameworkdata providers for OLE DB and ODBC require MDAC 2.6 or a later version in allversions of the .NET Framework, and MDAC 2.8 SP1 is recomm ended. Although thisrequirement introduces no side-by-side execution issues, notice that MDAC doesnot currently support side-by-side execution.Therefore, it is important toverify that your application will continue to function correctly with the newversio n before upgrading the MDAC components for your installation.For more informationabout MDAC, see theData A ccess andStorageDeveloperCenter. WindowsData Access Components (Windows DAC)Windows Data AccessCo mponents (Windows DAC) 6.0 is a set of technologies included in Windows Vistato provide access to information across the enterprise. These technologiesinclude the latest versions of the data access technologies included in MD AC:Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), OLE DB, and Microsoft Open DatabaseConnectivity (ODBC).On the ASP to maintain the security of applicationsDuring the process of the DataSet and the parallel implementation of ,the ASP to maintain the security of applications is especially important.First, NTFS permissionsYou can separate the application of NTFS file and directory access permissions to protect document ASP applications. NTFS permissions We b server is the basis of security, which defines one or a group of users to access files and directories at different levels. When Windo ws NT has a valid account of a user tries to access restricted documents, the computer will check the file access control table. The table definition of the different users and user groups have been given permission. If the user account has permissions to open the file, the computer allows the user to access files.Second, To maintain the security of GlobalasaIn order to fully protect the ASP application, the application must document the Globalasa the appropriate user or group setting NTFS file permissions. If Globalasa contains information to the browser to return to the command and you do not have the protection of Global asa file, then information will be returned to the browser, even if the application of other documents to be protected. Moreover, the application must be on the uniform application of the NTFS file permissions.Third, Web server permissionsCan configure the Web server permissions to restrict users to view all the running and operation of the way ASP pages. Unlike NTFS permissions to control the provision of application-specific user access to files and directories the way, Web server permissions apply to all users, and do not distinguish between the type of user account. To run for your ASP applications users, in the setting Web server permissions must be guided by the following principles:Asp file containing the virtual directory to allow "read" or "script" permissions; of asp file and other script file that contains the virtual directory to allow "read" or "script" permissions; to include asp files and other "executive" privileges to run the virtual directory of the document to allow "read" and "executive" authority.Fourth, Script mapping fileScript mapping applications to ensure that the Web server does not accidentally download the source code asp file. For example, even if your asp file contains a directory set up a "read" permission, as long as the asp file is part of a script mapping applications, then your Web server the file will not return to the source code to the user .Fifth, Cookie securitySessionID cookie to track the use of ASP Application or conversation during the visit to the Webbrowser-specific information. This means that the cookie with the HTTP request is considered to be from the same Web browser. Web Server Se ssionID cookies can be used to configure user-specific session information with the ASP application.However, do not take the correct configuration of the importance of security settings. If you do not correctly configure the security settings, not only make your ASP application to unnecessary tampering, and would hamper legitimate users access to your asp file. Web server to provide a variety of methods to protect your ASPapplications will not be unauthorized user access and tampering. DataSet与 的并行执行在ＡＳＰ技术应用程序中的安全性论证【摘要】DataSet包含由DataTable对象表示的零个或多个表的集合。

“PRD”、“MRD”、“ASP”、“ROI”是什么意思以下均来自于互联网，版权未知！MRDMarket Requirements Document，市场需求文档。

获得老大的认同后，产品进入实施，需要先出MRD，具体来说要有更细致的市场与竞争对手分析，通过哪些功能来实现商业目的，功能/非功能需求分哪几块，功能的优先级等等。

实际工作中，这个阶段PD可能的产出物有Mind Manager的思维图，Excel的Feature List等。

市场需求文档（MRD）重点放在为一个被提议的新产品或者现有产品的改进定义市场需求。

与BRD指出商业问题和解决这些问题的解决方案不同，MRD更深入提议解决方案的细节。

它包括一些或者所有这些细节：a. 解决商业问题所需要的特色b. 市场竞争分析c. 功能和非功能需求d. 特色/需求的优先级e. 用例MRD通常是由拥有产品经理，产品营销经理或者行业分析师头衔的人撰写的。

MRD通常是一份连续的5-25页Word文档，或者正如之后描述那样在一些机构中甚至更长。

BRDBusiness Requirements Document，商业需求文档。

这是产品声明周期中最早的问的文档，再早就应该是脑中的构思了，其内容涉及市场分析，销售策略，盈利预测等，通常是和老大们过的ppt，所以也就比较短小精炼，没有产品细节。

商业需求文档重点放在定义项目的商业需求。

BRD要能说出客户碰到的一个或多个商业问题，并且通过公司的产品能够解决这些问题。

接着建议一个方案——通常是新产品或者现有产品的改进来解决这些问题。

BRD也可能包括一个高级的商业案例，例如收益预测，市场竞争分析和销售/营销策略。

BRD通常是由拥有产品经理，产品营销经理或者行业分析师头衔的人撰写的。

在小公司，可能由高级主管或者甚至创始人撰写。

BRD通常是一份连续的1-3页Word文档，或者不超过10页的Powerpoint文档。

PRDProduct Requirements Document，产品需求文档。

ASP是英文Active Server Pages的缩写，是服务器端脚本编写环境，ASP可以创建和运行动态的，交互性的WEB服务器应用程序，使用ASP组合HTML页，脚本命令和ActiveX组件创建交互的WEB页面和基于web的功能强大应用程序，asp学习很简单，非常容易开发和修改。

有经验的脚本编写人员如果您已经掌握一门脚本语言，如VBScript、JavaScript而且您已经了解使用ASP 的方法。

只要安装了符合ActiveX 脚本标准的相应脚本引擎，就可以在ASP 页中使用任何一种脚本语言。

ASP 带有Microsoft Visual Basic、（VBScript）和JScript的脚本引擎，这样您可以立即开始编辑脚本。

Web 开发人员如果您已经掌握了一门编程语言，如Visual Basic，您将发现ASP 是快速创建Web 应用程序的一个非常灵活的方法。

通过向HTML 中添加脚本命令，您能够创建应用程序的HTML 接口。

通过创建自己的ActiveX 组件，可以将应用程序中的商业逻辑封装到能够从脚本、其他组件或从其他程序中调用的模块。

HTML 编写人员如果您是位HTML编写人员，您将发现 ASP 脚本提供了创建交互页的简便方法。

如果您曾想从 HTML 表格中收集数据，或用顾客的姓名个人化 HTML 文件，或根据浏览器的不同使用不同的特性，您会发现 ASP 提供了一个出色的解决方案。

以前，要想从HTML 表格中收集数据，就不得不学习一门编程语言来创建一个 CGI 应用程序。

现在，您只要将一些简单的指令嵌入到您的 HTML 文件中，就可以从表格中收集数据并进行分析。

您再不必学习完整的编程语言或者单独编译程序来创建交互页。

随着不断掌握使用 ASP 和脚本语言的技巧，您可以创建更复杂的脚本。

对于 ASP，您可以便捷地使用 ActiveX 组件来执行复杂的任务，比如连接数据库以存储和检索信息。

对ASP 脚本的逐步介绍，请参阅 ASP 教程。

中文3400字ASP development of a site by the use of tools1. DreamweaverMacromedia Dreamweaver is a professional HTML editor for visually designing and managing web sites and pages. Whether you enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML or prefer to work in a visual editing environment, Dream weaver makes it easy to get started and provides you with helpful tools to enhance your Web design experience.Dreamweaver includes many coding tools and features: an HTML, CSS, and JavaScript reference, a JavaScript debugger, and code editors (the Code view and Code inspector) that allow you to edit JavaScript, XML technology imports HTML documents without reformatting Macromedia’s Roundtrip HTML technology imports HTML documents without reformatting the code and you can set Dream weaver to clean up and reformat HTML when you want it to .Dreamweaver’s visual editing features also let you quickly add design and functionality to your pages without writing a line of code. You can view all your site elements or assets and drag them from an easy-to-use panel directly into a document. Streamline your development workflow by creating and editing images in Macromedia Fireworks, then importing them directly into Dream weaver, or by adding Flash objects you create directly in Dreamweaver.Dreamweaver is fully customizable. Use Dreamweaver to create your own objects and commands, modify keyboard shortcuts, and even write JavaScript code to extend Dreamweaver’s capabilities with new behaviors, property inspectors and site reports.The Dreamweaver work areaLet’s start with a brief overview of the Dreamweaver work area.If you haven’t already launch Dreamweaver, double-click the Dream weaver icon to launch it.The Dreamweaver work area accommodates different styles of working and levels of expertise.When you launch Dreamweaver, the following work area items open:The Document window displays the current document as you create and edit it.The Objects panel contains icons you click to insert objects in you document.Dreamweaver provides many floating panels, such as the HTML Styles panel and the code inspector which enable you to work with other Dreamweaver elements.The Launcher bar contains buttons for opening and closing your most frequently used inspectors and panels.The Property inspector displays properties for the selected object or text, and lets you modify those properties.(Which properties appear in the inspector depend on the object actively selected in the document.)To open Dreamweaver’s windows, inspectors and panels, use the Win dow menu. A check mark next to an item in the Window menu indicates that the named item is currently open(though it may be hidden behind other windows). To display an item that isn’t currently open, choose the item name from the menu or use its keyboard shortcut.Working in DreamweaverDreamweaver can display a document in three ways: in Design view, in Code view, and in a split view that shows both the design and code.(To change the view in which you’re working ,select a view in the Dream weaver toolbar.)B y default, Dreamweaver displays the document window in design view.In addition, you can work with Dreamweaver’s design view in two different ways in layout view and standard view.( You select these views in the view category of the objects panel.) In layout view you can design a page layout. Insert graphics, text, and other media; in standard view, in addition to inserting graphics text and media, you can also insert layers, create frame documents, create tables, and apply other changes to your page-options that aren’t available in layout view.2.DatabaseYou know that a database is a collection of logically related data elements that maybe structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of organizations and individuals. There’s nothing new about databases-early ones were chiseled in stone, penned on scrolls, and written on index cards. But now databases arecommonly recorded on magnetically media, and computer programs are required to perform the necessary storage and retrieval operations.You’ll see in the following pages that complex data relationships and linkages maybe found in all but the simplest databases. The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating, accessing, and maintaining database records is called a database management system(DBMS).The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database.(These users may be applications programmers, managers and others with information needs, and various OS programs.)A DBMS can organize, process, and present selected data elements from the database. This capability enables decision makers to search, probe, and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unpla nned questions that aren’t available in regular reports.These questions might initially be vague and/or poorly defined, but people can “browse” through the database until they needed information. In short, the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the common database in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers. Ina file-oriented system, users needing special information may communicate their needs to programmer, who, when time permits, will write one or more prepare the information.The availability of a DBMS, however, offers users a much faster alternative communications path.3. SQL AND SQL SERVERIBM invented a computer language back in the 1970s designed specifically for database queries called SEQUEL; those letters stand for Structured English QUERY for queries, but can also build databases and manage the database engine’s security. Because of this heritage you can pronounce it “sequel” or spell it out “S-Q-L.” There are various versions of SQL used in today’s database engines. Microsoft SQL Server uses a version called Transact-SQL, or T-SQL, which stands for Transaction SQL.⑴What Is SQL Server?SQL Server is a client/server relational database management system (RDBMS)that use Transact-SQL to send requests between a client an SQL Server.⑵Client/Server ArchitectureThe terms client, server, and client/server can be used to refer to very general concepts or to specific items of hardware or software. At the most general level, a client is any component of a system that requests services or resources from other components of a system. A server is any component of a system that provides services or resources to other components of a system.For example, when you print a document from your workstation on a network, the workstation is the client and the machine that does the print spooling is the server.Any client/server data-base system consists of the following components:The server—A collection of data items and supporting objects organized and presented to facilitate services, such as searching ,sorting , recombining ,retrieving, updating ,and analyzing data.. The database consists of the physical storage of data and the data base services. All data access occurs through the server; the physical data is never accessed directly by the client.The client—A software program that might be used interactively by a person or that could be an automated process. This includes all software that interacts with the server, either requesting data from or sending data to the database.The communication between the client and the server---- The communication between the client and the server depends largely on how the client and server are implemented. Both physical and logical layers of communication can be identified.When you communicate with someone using the telephone, the telephone system is the physical layer and a spoken natural language is the logical layer of communication. For a data-based system, the physical layer can be a network if the server and the client are on different computers. It can be intercrosses communication if the server and the client are on the same computer. The logical communication structure of the physical layer may be low-level operating system calls, a proprietary data access language, or the open structured query language (SQL)4. IISInternet Information Server is the acronym (IIS) is a World Wide Web server. Gopher server and FTP server all inclusive inside. IIS means that you can publish web pages, andthere are ASP (Active Server Pages), JAVA, VBscript generated pages, with some extensions. IIS support some interesting things, like the editorial environment interface (FRONTPAGE), a full-text search function (INDEX SERVER), a multimedia capabilities (NET SHOW)Secondly, IIS is with Windows NT Server 4.0 to provide the documents and application server, Windows NT Server is built on the basic Internet server components. Windows NT Server and its fully integrated, allowing the use of Windows NT Server built-in security, and the NTFS file system build a powerful and flexible Internet / Intranet site.IIS (Internet Information Server, Internet Information Services) is a Web (Web) services components, including Web server, FTP server, NNTP server and the SMTP server, were used for web browsing, file transfer, mail and news services and so on It makes the network (including the Internet and LAN) on the release of information has become a very easy matter.IIS is the abbreviation for Internet Information Server, Microsoft is pushing the main server, the latest version is included Windows2000 inside the IIS 5, IIS and WindowNT Server fully integrated together, so users can use Windows NT Server and NTFS (NT File System , NT file system) built-in security features, building a strong, flexible and secure Internet and Intranet sites.IIS support HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol, file transfer protocol) and SMTP protocol, through the use of CGI and ISAPI, IIS can be a high degree of expansion.IIS support has nothing to do with the language of the script preparation and components, through the IIS, developers can develop a new generation of dynamic, full of charm of the Web site. IIS does not require developers to learn new scripting language or compiler applications, IIS full support for VBScript, JScript software development and Java, it also supports the CGI and WinCGI, and the expansion and ISAPI filter.IIS is designed to establish a set of integrated server services to support HTTP, FTP and SMTP, it can provide quick and integration of existing products, while expansion of the Internet server.IIS highly relevant, while the consumption of system resources is at least, IIS installation, configuration and management are very simple, it is because IIS and Windows NT Server network operating system closely integrated with the other, IIS also use the Windows NT Server the same as the SAM (Security Accounts Manager, Security Account Manager), the administrators, IIS, such as the use of Performance Monitor and SNMP (Simple Nerwork Management Protocol, SNMP) such as the NT has management tools.IIS support for ISAPI, ISAPI to expand the use of server functions, and the use of ISAPI filter can be pre-treatment and post-processing stored in the IIS on the data. For 32-bit Windows applications can be extended to the Internet FTP, SMTP and HTTP-placed and easy to use task focus of the interface, the interface will be the use of Internet applications greatly simplified, IIS also supports MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, More for Internet Mail Extensions), it can access the Internet applications provide a simple registration of.IIS is an important characteristic to support ASP. IIS 3.0 version after the introduction of the ASP, can easily display dynamic content and the development of Web-based applications. For such as VBScript, JScript development of software, or from Visual Basic, Java, Visual C + + development system, and the existing WinCGI CGI scripts and applications developed, IIS provide strong local support.开发一个ASP网站所运用的工具1. DreamweaverMacromedia Dreamweaver 是为视觉上设计并且管理网络站点和网页的一个专业的HTML编辑器。