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精心整理课程教案2014—2015学年第二学期课程名称：会计英语Part1Basicofaccounting1.WhatisaccountinganditsroleinBusinessAccountingbranches2.Financialstatements⏹Balancesheet⏹Incomestatement⏹Statementofcashflows⏹StatementofchangesinequityAssets⏹Assetsarevaluableresourcesownedbytheentity.4.Conceptsthatgovernallaccounting⏹(5)Theasset-measurementconcept资产计量Ifreliableinformationisavailable,anassetismeasuredasitsfairvalue. Thefairvalueofmostassetsisknownonthedatetheassetwasacquiredbecausethebuyerandtheselleragreedonthea mount.⏹Ingeneral,assetssuchasland,buildings,equipment,andinventorieshavethischaracteristic:⏹Theirfairvaluecan’tbereliablymeasuredexceptatthetimetheywereacquired.⏹Theyarereportedatcostoranumberbasedoncost.⏹Theassets-measurementconceptcombinesbothtypesofassets:⏹Ifreliableinformationisavailable,theamountofanassetismeasuredatits______;otherwisethemeasurementisb asedonits_______.Whymeasuringassetsatcost?⏹Estimatingfairvalueofeachassetmaybeexpensiveandunreliable.⏹Manyassetsarenotgoingtobesoldinthenearfuture.Theentityandthosewhouseitsbalancesheetthereforedon’tn eedtoknowthefairvalueoftheseassets.⏹Monetaryassets,forexample,cash,securitiesandbonds,arethosethathaveaclaimonaspecifiedamountofmone y.⏹Land,buildings,equipmentandinventoryarenonmometaryassets.⏹Ingeneral,monetaryassetsarereportedat________;⏹Nonmonetaryassetsarereportedat___________.⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹oxes.Assets⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Whichofthesewouldqualifyasassetsofacompanythatsellsdresses?A.Thecompany’srighttocollectamountsowedbycustomers.B.Regulardressesheldforsale.C.Dressesthatnoonewantsbecausetheyhavegoneoutofstyle.D.Acashregisterinworkingcondition.E.Acashregisterthatdoesn’tworkandcan’tberepaired.Assets⏹Cashandotherassetsthatareexpectedtobeconvertedintocashorusedupinthenearfuture,usuallywithinoneyear ,arecurrentassets.⏹Assetsthatareexpectedtobeusefulforlongerthanonefutureyeararecallednoncurrentassets.Liabilities⏹Liabilitiescanberegardedeitherasclaimsagainsttheassetsorasoneofsourcesfromwhichtheassetswereacquired.Liabilities⏹Currentliabilitiesareclaimsthatbecomeduewithina[short/long]time,usuallyin________.⏹Noncurrentliabilitiesduewithina[short/long]time,usuallyin________.CurrentRatio⏹Thecurrentassetsandcurrentliabilitiesindicatetheentity’sabilitytomeetitscurrentobligations—CurrentRatio .thecurrentratio=currentassets/currentliabilities※acurrentratioofatleast2to1isdesirable.Equity•Atruckownedbyanentityandusedtotransportitsowngoodsisinventories.[T/F/Notgiven] TangibleAssets&IntangibleAssetsTangibleAssets—havephysicalsubstance,canbetouched(Inventory,Plant,Equipment,Buildings,Trucks,Mac hines,etc.)IntangibleAssets—havenophysic alsubstance,can’tbetouched(PatentsandTrademarks,Goodwill,etc.) •Afireinsurancepolicythatprotectstheentityagainstlossescausedbyfiredamage[is/isn’t]anasset.•Andbecausethepolicycoversonlyashortperiodoftime,theassetisa[current/noncurrent]asset.•Theinsurancepolicyhavenophysicalsubstance,exceptasapieceofpaper,soitisa(an)_________asset. •PrepaidExpenseisthenameforintangibleassetsthatwillbeusedupinthenearfuture.Theyareintangiblecurrenta sset,suchasprepaidinsurancepolicy.NoncurrentAssets •Noncurrentassetsareexpectedtobeusedintheentityformorethan_________.(howlong) •Property,PlantandEquipmentare_________.BalanceSheetshowsthe[cost/fairvalue]ofnoncurrentassets. Exhibit1alsoshowsthataportionofthecostofthisassethasbeensubtractedfromtheoriginalcostbecauseithasbee••Netidentifiableassets_______•GradypaidBaker$1,400,000•Therefore,goodwillwas_______CurrentliabilitiesCurrentliabilitiesareobligationsdueinthenearfuture,usuallywithinoneyear.•AccountsPayable•BankLoanPayable•AccruedLiabilities•AccountsPayablearetheoppositeofAccounts______;thatistheyareamountsthat[thecompanyowestoitssuppli ers/areowedtothecompanybyitscustomers]. •SmithCompanysoldapersonalcomputertoBrownCompanyfor$3,000.BrownCompanyagreedtopayforitwith in60days.InBalanceSheet,SmithCompanywouldreportthe$3,000asAccounts______andBrownCompanywo uldreporttheamountasAccounts________. •BankLoanPayableisreportedseparatelyfromAccountsPayablebecausethedebtisevidencedbyapromissoryno te.※Amountsowedtoemployeesandothersforservicestheyhaveprovidedforwhichtheyhavenotbeenpaidarelist•Theamountsofassets,liabilitiesandequityofanentity[remainconstant/changefromdaytoday].Thereforethea mountsshownonitsbalancesheetalso[remainconstant/change]. •Eacheventthatisrecordedintheaccountingrecordsiscalledatransaction. •Cashismoneyonhandandmoneyinbankaccountsthatcanbewithdrawnatanytime.OnJanuary2,ifJohnSmithde posited$8,500 inthebankinsteadof$10,000andkept$1,500inthecashregister,itscashatthecloseofbusinessonJanuary2wouldbe________. •Amountsonabalancesheetarelistedaccordingtothecurrency.Generally,theitemwiththemostcurrentislistedfir st.•Long-termDebt•AccountsPayable(duein60days)•Whenanentityborrowsmoney,itmaysignawrittenpromisetorepay.Suchawrittenpromiseistermedanote.Fore xample,ifBusinessAborrowsmoneyfromBusinessB,signinganote,BusinessAwillrecorda[notereceivable/not epayable]onitsbalancesheet,whileBusinessBwillrecorda_______. •Asweknowthatprofitableoperationsresultinanincreaseinequity,specificallyintheitemR______________. •Example:•OnJanuary3,GlendaleMarketborrowed$5,000cashfromabank,givinganotetherefore.•OnJanuary4,GlendaleMarketpurchasedreceivedinventorycosting$2,000,payingcash.•OnJanuary5,GlendaleMarketsoldmerchandisefor$300,receivingcash.Themerchandisehadcost200.(Retain•••••••____.•withdrawmerchandisecosting$400.•OnJanuary14,SmithlearnedthatthepersonwhopurchasedthelandonJanuary11for$5,000,solditfor$8,000.Th elotstillownedbyGlendaleMarketwasidenticalinvaluewiththisotherplot.•OnJanuary15,GlendaleMarketpaidoff$2,000ofitsbankloan,givingcash.•OnJanuary16,GlendaleMarketwaschangedtoacorporation.JohnSmithreceived100sharesofcommonstockin exchangeforhis$10,100equityinthebusiness.Heimmediatelysold25ofthesesharesfor$4,000cash.3.IncomeMeasurement•Therearetworeasonsfortheincrease ofanentity’sequity.Oneisthereceiptofcapitalfromitsequityinvestors,thati s_______. •Theotheronesourceofanincreaseistheprofitableoperationoftheentity,thatis_______. Whataffectsandwhatdoesn'taffectRetainedEarnings?✓Borrowing$5,000fromabank✓Thepurchaseofinventorycosting$2,000✓Sellingmerchandisefor$300whichcost$200✓Thepurchaseofmerchandisefor$2,000✓Sellingmerchandisefor$800whichcost$500✓•d.•••••••__.••••TheIncomeStatementreportsflowsduringaperiodoftime,whereastheBalanceSheetreportsstatusasofapointof time.•ThustheIncomeStatementmaybecalleda[flow/status]report,andtheBalanceSheetmaybecalleda[flow/status] report. •Theincomestatementreportsrevenuesandexpensesfortheperiodandthedifferencebetweenthem. GlendaleMarketIncomeStatementfortheperiodJanuary2-8Revenue……………………………..$2,000Expense………………………………$1,300Income………………………………..$700Exercise:OnJanuary2,JohnBrownstartedtheBrownCompany,InJanuary,BrownCompanydidthefollowingthings: •Itreceived$5,000cashfromJohnBrownasitscapital.•Itborrowed$10,000fromabank,givinganotetherefore.•Itpurchased$4,000ofinventoryforcash.•Itsold$2,000ofitsinventoryfor$6,000toacustomer,whopaid$3,500cashandagreedtopay$2,500within30days .•Itpurchasedanautofor$7,000.Itpaid$2,000downandgaveanotetotheauto-mobiledealerfortheremaining$5,0LearningObjectives •Thenatureoftheaccountandhowentriesaremadetoaccounts. •Themeaningofdebitandcredit.•Useoftheledgerandthejournal.•Theclosingprocess.•Itemsreportedontheincomestatement.•Attheendofanaccountingperiod,theincreasesareaddedtothebeginningbalance,andthetotalofthedecreasesiss ubtractedfromit.Theresultisthenewbalance.Cash•••••••de.•••••Decreasesinequityare[debits/credits]. •Exhibit3•Recordthefollowingtransactionsintheaccounts.•A.Inventorycosting$600waspurchasedforcash. •B.Inventorycosting$400waspurchasedoncredit.Cash•C.GreenCompanypaid$300toacreditor.•D.GreenCompanyreceived$500 incashfromacreditcustomer. •Becausethetotalofthedebitentriesforanytransactionshouldalwaysequalthetotalofthecreditentries,itiseasyto checktheaccuracywithwhichbookkeepingisdone.IncomeStatementAccounts •IncomeStatementreportstherevenuesandtheexpensesofanaccountingperiodandthedifferencebetweenthem, whichis______.•Aswesee,foreachjournalentry,theaccounttobedebitedislistedfirstandtheaccounttobecreditedislistedbelow, andisindented.•Dr:__________……………•Cr:____________…………..•※Ifyouareuncertainastowhetheraparticularaccountistobedebitedorcredited,youusuallycanfindoutbyr eferringtotheotheraccountintheentry.•e.•••••••hereforetemporaryaccounts.Theyarestartedoveratthebeginningofeachperiod. •Theassetaccountshave[debit/credit/zero]balancesandtheliabilityandequityaccountshave[debit/credit/zero] balances.Thesesaccountsarecarriedforwardtothenextperiod. •Incomestatementaccountsare[temporary/permanent]accountsandbalancesheetaccountsare[temporary/per manent]accounts. •Managementneedsmoredetailedinformationthaniscontainedinthefinancialstatements. •Forexample,insteadofoneaccount,AccountsReceivable,itneedsanaccountforeachcustomersothattheamoun towedbyeachcustomerisknown.Thereforetheledgerusuallycontainsmanymoreaccountsthanthereareitemson thefinancialstatements.Anoteoncomputer •Advantagesoverthemanualsystem •WeaknessChapter4RevenuesandMonetaryAssetsReviewPart:⏹Themeaningofdebitandcredit.IncreasesinassetsareDr.DecreasesinassetsareCr.IncreasesinliabilitiesandequityareCr.DecreasesinliabilitiesandequityareDr.IncreasesinrevenuesareCr.IncreasesinexpensesareDr.⏹ThejournalandtheledgerAnytransactionrequiresatleasttwochangesintheaccounts.Thesechangesarerecordedfirstinthejournaland⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Recognize decreases inequityassoonastheyarereasonably possible.4.MaterialityConcept（重要性原则）⏹Thematerialityconcepthastwoparts:Disregardtrivial(unimportant)matters,Discloseallimportantmatters.Example:p72,4-25,4-265.Realizationconcept（实现性原则）⏹Itdescribeswhenrevenueisrecognized.Whentheproducts(goodsandservices)aredelivered,therevenue isrealized.Example:p73,4-31;P74,4-35,4-36InJanuary,LorenCompanysoldmotorcyclefor$3,800anddeliveredittoJeanMatthews.Matthewsagreedtopayf orthemotorcyclein30days.Inthiscaserevenuesisrecognizedinthemonthbeforetherelatedcashreceipt.✓Whenrevenueisrecognizedbeforetherelatedcashreceiptandtherevenueisaccompaniedbytherighttocollec tthecash.Theentityforthesaleofthemotorcycleoncreditis:Dr.AccountsReceivable 3,800Cr.SalesRevenue 3,800⏹Whenacustomerpaysanentityforacreditpurchase,theentityrecordsanincreaseinCashandacorresponding decreaseinAccountsReceivable.WhenLorenCompanyreceivesacheckfor$3,800fromMatthewsinFebruary,LorenCompanymakesthefollowi ngentry:Dr.Cash 3,800⏹stomers⏹⏹⏹⏹ncept.⏹Cr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts 10,000BadDebtExpense（坏帐费用）⏹Itisusedtorecordthedecreaseinequity.⏹TheentrytorecordLorenCompany’sestimatethatBadDebtExpenseshould beincreasedby$10,000andanAllo wanceforDoubtfulAccountsof$10,000shouldbeestimatedis:Dr.BadDebtExpense 10,000Cr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts10,000Itemsinthebalancesheet⏹AccountsReceivables,gross$125,000LessAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts-10,000AccountsReceivable,net 115,0006.Baddebtwrittenoff（注销）⏹In2006,LorenCompanyrecognizesthatitisnevergoingtocollectthe$3,000owedbyAustin.Itdoesthisbydecrea singAccountsReceivableandalsodecreasingAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.Writetheentryforthistransactio n.Dr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts 3,000Cr.AccountsReceivable 3,0007.MonetaryAssets⏹Monetaryassetsarecashandpromisesbyanoutsidepartytopaytheentityaspecifiedamountofmoney.Whichoft hefollowingassetsaremonetaryassets?⏹Inventory⏹AccountsreceivableChapter5ExpenseMeasurement;TheIncomeStatementReviewPart:⏹Inordertomeasurethenetincomeofaperiod,wemustmeasurerevenuesandexpensesofthatperiod,andthisrequirestheuseofaccrualaccounting.Itismoreusefulandmorecomplicatedthancashaccounting. Conservatismconcept（稳健性原则）⏹Theconservatismhastwoparts:Recognize increases inequityonlywhentheyarereasonably certain.Recognize decreases inequityassoonastheyarereasonably possible.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts（备抵坏帐）MaterialityConcept（重要性原则）⏹Thematerialityconcepthastwoparts:⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Example:p91,5-22,5-23PrepaidExpensesThegeneralnameforintangibleassetsthatwillbecomeexpensesinafutureperiodisprepaidexpenses.Forexa mple,PrepaidInsuranceExample:⏹BryanCompanypurchasedatwo-yearinsuranceonDecember31,2005for$2,000.Recordthejournalentryforthi stransaction.⏹During2006BryanCompanyuseduphalfofthisinsuranceprotection,therebyincurring$1,000ofinsuranceexpe nse.Theeffectontheaccountantsin2006isadecreaseintheassetPrepaidInsuranceandanincreaseinInsuranceExp ense.Recordthejournalentryfor2006.DepreciationExpense（折旧费用）⏹IfBryanCompanyboughtamachinefor$5,000andexpectedittoprovideserviceforfiveyears,theamountofexpir edcostineachyearprobablywouldbe1/5of$5,000.Ineachofthefiveyears_______________wouldbereportedas $_______.4.Expensethatcreateliabilities⏹Wehavedescribedexpendituresthatfirstwereassetsandthenbecameexpensesasthecostsexpired.Wenowdescr ibeexpensesforwhichtherelatedexpendituresareliabilities.AccruedLiabilities（应计负债）⏹Inthelastweekof2005,EastmanCompanyhadasalaryexpenseof$10,000,whichwasnotpaidtoitsemployees.W ritethejournalentryforthistransaction.Dr.SalaryExpense10,000Cr.AccruedSalaries 10,000⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Losses⏹⏹⏹⏹Example:Exhibit8Percentages⏹Grossmarginpercentage（毛利润率）=Grossmargin/Salesrevenue⏹Netincomepercentage（净收入百分比）Chapter6InventoriesandCostofSalesReviewPart:⏹Thedual-aspectconcept⏹Themoney-measurementconcept⏹Theentityconcept⏹Thegoing-concernconcept⏹Theasset-measurementconcept⏹Theconservatismconcept⏹Thematerialityconcept⏹Therealizationconcept⏹Thematchingconcept⏹physicalinventory（物理盘存）Sinceitspurposeistofindthecostofthegoodsthatweresold,eachitemisreportedatitscost.4.Inventoryvaluation:assumptions✓ManycompaniesmakestheFirst-InFirst-Out(FIFO)assumption,forfinancialaccountingpurposesonly.Theyassumethatthegoodsthatcameintotheinventoryfirstarethefirsttomoveout.✓TheLIFOmethodassumestheopposite,namely,thatthenewestunits,whichweretheLastIn,werethefirstt obesold;thatis,thattheywereFirstOut;hencethenameLast-InFirst-Out.✓Average-costmethodcalculatesthecostofboththeendinginventoryandthecostofsalesattheaveragecost perunitofthegoodsavailable.Example:Exhibit9parisonofinventorymethodsFromExhibit9,weseethedifferentcostofsalesindifferentmethods.Theconclusion,thehighercostofsales,thelowerthetaxableincome.Thelowerthetaxableincome,thelowerwillbe paniesusuallyprefertopayaslowasincometaxastheylegallycan.Theref ore,theypreferthemethodthatresultsinhighercostofsales.Ifpricesarerising,(I.e.inflation)thisisusuallytheLIFO method.6.Inventoryvaluation:adjustmenttomarketTheconservatismconceptrequiresthatwereducetheinventoryaccounttotheloweramount.Ifthefairvalue(m arketvalue)ofanitemofinventoryattheendofanaccountingperiodislowerthanitsoriginalcost,t heitemis“written down”（减抵帐面价值）toitsfairvalue.⏹Iftheoriginalcostofanitemwas$100andthecurrentfairvalueis$80,theinventoryshouldbewrittendownby$20,t husthejournalentryis:⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Theinventoryturnoverratioshowshowmanytimestheinventoryturnedoverduringayear,whichequalsto: CostofSales/InventoryTheinventoryturnoveroffivetimesisgenerallybetterthanfourtimes.However,ifinventoryistoosmall,order sfromcustomersmaynotbefilledpromptly,whichcanresultinlostsalesrevenue.TheturnoverratiocanbeincreasedeitherbysellingmoregoodswiththesamelevelofinventoryorbyhavinglesGoodsavailableforsaleendingiMethodsofarrivingatinventoryamounts–coHowoverheadratesarecalculatedsetotheentityforlongerthanoneyear.Onthebalancesheet,tangiblenoncurrentassetsareoftenlabeledfixedassets, orproperty,plant,andequipment.2.AccountingForAcquisitionsWhenanitemofplantisacquired,itisrecordedintheaccountsatitscost.Thisisbecauseitisanonmonetaryasset .Thecostofanassetincludesallcostincurredtomaketheassetreadyforitsintendeduse.Forexample,whenbuyi nga plotofland,thecostincludesbroker’sfee,legalfees,etc.Whenbuyingacomputer,thecostincludestransportati onandinstallationcharges.Ifanentityconstructsamachineorabuildingwithitsownpersonnel,allcostsincurredin constructionareincludedintheassetamount.P129,7-83.CapitalLease(资本租赁)Aleaseforalongtime–almostthewholelifeoftheasset–iscalledacapitallease.Astheentitycontrolstheitemforalmostitswholelife,acapitalleaseisrecordedasanasset.Theamountrecorde dforacapitalleaseistheamounttheentitywouldhavepaidifithadpurchasedtheitemratherthanleasedit.Forexample,ifanentityleasedamachinefor10years,agreeingtopay$10,000peryear,andifthepurchaseprice ofthemachinewas$70,000,thiscapitalleasewouldberecordedasanassetatanamountof______.Thejournalentry is:4.DepreciationAslandisanonmonetaryasset,inaccordancewiththeasset-measurementconcept,landthereforecontinuesto bereportedonthebalancesheetatitsacquisition.Forexample,WaikatoHospitalpurchasedaplotoflandin1990atacostof$100,000,itwouldhavebeenreportedat$100,000ontheDec31, 1990,balancesheet.IfWaikato5.Units-Of-ProductionDepreciation(产量折旧法)Intheunits-of-productionmethod,acostperunitofproductioniscalculated,anddepreciationexpensesforaye arisfoundbymultiplyingthisunitcostbythenumberofunitsthattheassetproducedinthatyear.Forexample,GradyCompanypurchasedatruckin2005for$44,000.Itestimatedthatthetruckwouldprovides ervicesfor100,000milesandwouldhavearesidualvalueof$4,000.Howmuchisthedepreciablecost,itsestimatedcostpermile?In2006,thetruckwasdriven15,000miles.Howm uchisitsdepreciationexpensein2006?6.Straight-lineDepreciation(直线折旧法)Thepercentageofcostchargedoffeachyeariscalledthedepreciationrate.Itisequals1/numberofyearsofservi celifeForexample,ifanassetistobedepreciatedoverfiveyears,thedepreciationrateis___.Ifthedepreciationcostis $9,000andthedepreciationrateis20%,theamountofdepreciationexpenseeachyearwillbe___.7.AcceleratedDepreciation(加速折旧法)Accelerateddepreciationisusedprincipallyincalculatingtaxableincome.8.AccountingforDepreciation⏹P136-1379.SaleofAPlantAsset⏹Gain(orloss)ondispositionofplant 处理工厂设施所处理的增溢或损失⏹Example:P141,7-5710.SignificanceOfDepreciation⏹Thepurposeofdepreciationistowriteoffafairshareofthecostoftheassetineachyearinwhichitprovidesservice.Chapter8LiabilitiesandEquityReviewPart:⏹Howplantassetsarerecordedintheaccounts⏹Themeaningandsignificanceofstraight-lineandaccelerateddepreciation⏹HowdepreciationisrecordedDr.DepreciationExpense 1,000Cr.AccumulatedDepreciation 1,0001.WorkingCapital（营运资本）Thepartofthecurrentassetsnotfinancedbythecurrentliabilitiesiscalledworkingcapital.Therefore,working capitalisthedifferencebetweencurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.Workingcapital=Currentassets–CurrentLiabilities⏹⏹⏹⏹✓✓The$3,000ofunpaidinterestthatwasanexpensein2005bythefollowingentry:Dr.InterestExpense 3,000Cr.InterestPayable 3,000In2006,whenthisinterestwaspaidtothebondholders,theentryasfollows:Dr.InterestPayable 3,000Cr.Cash 3,0006.TypesofEquityCapitalTherearetwosourcesofequitycapital:⏹Paid-inCapital:Amountspaidinbyequityinvestors,whoaretheentity’sowners.⏹RetainedEarnings:Amountsgeneratedbytheprofitableoperationsoftheentity.7.Proprietorship（个体所有）Someentitiesdonotreportthesetwosourcesseparately.Anunincorporatedbusinessownedbyasingleperson iscalledaproprietorship.Theequityiteminaproprietorshipisoftenreportedbygivingtheproprietor’sname,follo wedbytheword“capital”.Forexample,MaryGreenistheproprietorofGreen’sMarket.Green’sMarkethastotalequityof$10,000.MaryGreen,Capital……………............$10,0008.Partnership（合伙人）Apartnershipisanunincorporatedbusinessownedbytwoormorepersonsjointly.Ifthereareonlyafewpartner s,theequityofeachwouldbeshownseparately.Forexample,JohnBlackandHenryBrownareequalpartnersinalaundrybusiness.OnDecember31,2005,the equityinthebusinesstotaled$100,000.Theequitymightbereportedonthatdateasfollows:.12.RetainedEarningsandDividend⏹TheRetainedEarningsaccountincreasesbytheamountofnetincomeeachperiodanddecreasebytheamountofdi vidends.IfRetainedEarningsare$100,000atthestartofaperiodofaperiodduringwhichadividendof$20,000isdeclare dandduringwhichnetincomeis$30,000,RetainedEarningswillbe_____attheendoftheperiod.⏹Netincomereferstotheincreaseinequityinoneyear,whereasretainedearningsreferstothenetincrease,afterdedu ctionofdividends,overthelifeofthecorporationtodate.13.Distributiontoshareholders⏹Mostcorporationsmakeanannualcashpaymenttotheircommonshareholders.Thisiscalledadividend.Cashdivi denddecreasesshareholderequity.IfCrowleyCompanydeclaredandpaidadividendof$5pershare,andifithad$100,000sharesofcommonstock outstanding,thedividendwouldbe____.ThejournalentrytorecordtheeffectofthisdistributiononCashandRetai nedEarningswouldbe:Dr.RetainedEarnings 500,000Cr.Cash 500,00014.StockSplit（分股）Acompanymaysenditsshareholdersadditionalsharesequaltothenumberofsharestheyown,orevendoubleo rtriplethisnumberofshares.Theymightdothisbecauseitbelievesahighmarketpricepersharehasanundesirablein fluenceintradingthestock.Thisiscalledstocksplit.Theymake“two-for-one”stocksplit.Astocksplithasthesameeffectasastockdividend.Cashisunchanged.RetainedEarningsisunchanged.Them arketpricepersharedecreases.ed.⏹⏹⏹⏹易）nated.P164,8-70,8-71,8-74⏹MinorityInterest（少数股东权益）--Ifashareholderowntheother40%ofacompany,theyareminorityshareholders.Theyhaveaninterestintheconso lidatedentity,andthisinterestisreportedintheliabilitiesandequitysideoftheconsolidatedbalancesheet.⏹Theconsolidatedfinancialstatementsreportontheentitycalled”PalmCompanyandSubsidiaries.”Thisfamilyofcorporatio nsisanecon omicentity, butitisnotal egalentity.t:⏹–⏹ities⏹Proprietorship,Partnership⏹CommonStock&PreferredStock⏹ConsolidatedFinancialStatement⏹Debt/EquityRatio1.Threefinancialstatements⏹BalanceSheet⏹IncomeStatement–focusonprofitability（收益性）--basedonaccrualaccounting⏹CashFlows–focusonliquidity（流动性）&solvency（偿付能力）--basedoncashaccounting StatementofCashFlows⏹CashFlowfromOperatingActivities （经营活动的现金流量表）⏹CashFlowfromInvestingActivities （投资活动的现金流量表）⏹CashFlowfromFinancingActivities （筹资活动的现金流量表）2.Methodstopreparethestatementofcashflows⏹Directmethod⏹Indirectmethod–ismorewidelyusedbecauseitshowstherelationshipbetweentheincomestatementandthebala ncesheetandthereforeaidsintheanalysisofthesestatements.Theindirectmethodusesbalancesheetaccountchangestodeterminewhethersuchchangeshadapositiveorne gativeimpactoncashflow.Sincethebalancesheetmustalwaysstayinbalance,itiseasytodeterminetheimpactonc ashbyanalyzingchangesineachoftheotheraccounts.3.CashflowfromoperatingactivitiesItisthedifferencebetweenoperatingcashinflowsandoperatingcashoutflows.Tofindtheamountofcashflow fromoperatingactivities,wemustmaketwotypesofadjustmentstonetincome:1)2)⏹⏹⏹⏹5.Cashflowfromfinancingactivities⏹Companiesmayobtaincashbyissuingdebtsecurities,suchasbonds.Issuingdebtsecuritiesisafinancingactivity.⏹Theborrowingsreportedinthefinancingsectionarebothshorttermandlong-termborrowings.Whereasshort-ter mborrowingsoftenappearascurrentliabilities,changesinthemarereportedinthesectiononcashflowfromfinanci ngactivities.⏹Aninvestingactivityisnotalwaysacashoutflow,andafinancingactivitiesisnotalwaysacashinflow.esofthestatementofcashflowsTherearethreesectionsinthestatementsofcashflows:cashflowfromoperatingactivities,cashflowfrominvestingactivities,andcashflowfromfinancingactivities.Thecashflowfromoperatingactivitiesisfoundbyadju stingnetincomefordepreciationexpenseandchangesinnoncashcurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.⏹Depreciationexpenseisnotacashflow.Becauseitdecreasesnetincome,itisaddedbacktonetincomeinordertoarriveatthecashflowfromoperatingactivities.⏹Investingactivitiesincludetheacquisitionofnewfixedassetsandtheproceedsofsellingfixedassets.⏹Financingactivitiesincludeobtainingfundsfromlong-termborrowings,repaymentoftheseborrowingsandobtainingfundsfromissuanceofadditionalstock.⏹Adecreaseincurrentassetsmeansanincreaseincash.Oppositely,adecreaseincurrentliabilitiesmeansadecreaseincash.1.LimitationsoffinancialstatementanalysisP185,186 10-1,10-2,10-3,10-4,10-52.Auditing⏹GAAP:Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples3.Overallfinancialmeasuresofperformance⏹ROE=Netincome/Equity4.Factorsaffectingreturnonequity⏹Grossmarginpercentage（毛利润率）=Grossmargin/SalesRevenue⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹。
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管理学院教案课程名称：Financial Accounting 1授课对象：会计学专业学时：72学时任课教师：宋晓文河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title What is Accounting教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title What is Accounting教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Accounting Concepts and Principles教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title The accounting equation教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Analyzing Business Transactions教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Analyzing Business Transactions教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Financial Statements教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 1 Accounting and the Business Environment Title Summary and Exercises教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Double-Entry Accounting教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Ledger, Debit/Credit Rule教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Journal教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Posting教案河南工业大学管理学院教案Chapter 2 Recording Business Transactions Title Trial Balance教案。
会计英语基础会计双语版第三版课程设计课程概述本课程旨在帮助学习者通过学习会计基础及相关的英语词汇和知识，提高其会计领域的语言沟通和理解能力。
本课程结合了会计和英语学习，以基础会计知识和英语双语教学为主线，融入实际案例分析和交际技巧演练，以提升学习者职业素养，为他们未来的职场发展打下良好的基础。
教材与参考书目•《会计学原理》（第五版，朱进主编，高等教育出版社）•《会计英语基础教程》（第二版，谢宙斌主编，外语教学与研究出版社）课程目标通过学习本课程，学生应当能够：1.熟悉会计基本概念和原则；2.掌握会计基础知识和常用会计报表；3.熟练掌握英语中与会计相关的词汇和表达方式；4.能够运用所学会计知识和英语技能进行语言沟通和理解。
教学内容第一章会计学概述•会计定义及原则•会计发展历程•会计职业道德第二章会计制度与核算•会计核算及其方法•会计科目•会计凭证第三章资产负债表及附注•资产负债表及其基本结构•资产、负债和所有者权益的概念•资产负债表的编制方法和分析第四章利润表及附注•利润表的结构和内容•利润的概念和计算方法•利润表和资产负债表的关系第五章现金流量表•现金的概念和种类•现金流量表的概念及编制方法•现金流量表编制中的注意事项和分析技巧第六章会计报表分析•报表分析和评价的基本方法•资产负债表和利润表分析•财务指标分析的基本概念第七章会计英语初步•会计英语基础语法•常用会计英语词汇•会计英语常用表达方式第八章会计英语应用•会计英语交际技巧和实践•会计英语书写规范和常见错误•会计英语案例分析和应用教学方法•理论学习：讲授会计基础知识和英语规则，并结合相关案例进行解析和应用。
•实践演练：进行英语口语和书写的练习，增加学生语言自信心和实战能力。
•课外自主学习：为了提高学生的自主学习能力，鼓励学生自主查找学习资料和进行课外习题练习。
成绩考核•平时成绩占比：30%•个人作业成绩占比：20%•期中考试成绩占比：25%•期末考试成绩占比：25%课程总结本课程旨在培养学生在会计领域的语言沟通和理解能力，通过学习会计基础及相关的英语知识，提高其职场竞争力。
财务管理财务会计会计学基础双语讲义choiceshehas?Suchaswhichpany?4．向学生介绍所选教材的特点及使用方法，让学生掌握正确的学习方法，便于学生课后自学，提高学习效果。
Textbook:IntroductionHowtousethisbook参见part1.ppt第二课程段：教师讲解（60分钟）1．以教材内容为主讲授相关概念，注意讲授中尽量结合日常生活中的事例，使抽象的概念变得浅显易懂。
KeyTerms:accounting,financialstatement,balancesheet,accountingelement,assets,liabilities,equity,accountingequation,thedual-aspectconcept,creditor,investor,themoney-measurementconcept,theentityconcept.2．依据教材特点，边讲边练。
从1-1至1-55，共55小段。
具体内容参见教材及幻灯片。
第三课程段：学生实战（35分钟）1．对教材中出现的实例，由学生自己动手解决问题。
如：1-15，1-16，1-20，1-22，1-23，1-28，1-35，1-36，1-44,etc.2．教师提供部分练习素材，供学生讨论、练习。
并找两名同学在黑板上练习。
3．教师总结本章重点、难点，再次讲解学生在实务练习中存在的问题。
第四课程段：布置课后作业（10分钟）Homework:✶ReviewPart1✶CompletePosttext1onpage229byyourself✶Checktheansweronpage245.✶ReviewPart1again.✶Doexercises1to4.✶PleasepreparingPart2.Exercise11.Junehasabusinesswithassetsintheamountof$60,000andliabilitiesthattotal$35,000.Whatistheamountofherowner’sequity?2.Black’sbusinesshasassetsof$80,000andowner’sequityof$42,000.How mucharetheliabilitiesofhispany?3.SharlaKnox’shasabusinesswithliabilitiesthattotal$21,000andowner ’sequityintheamountof$72,000.Whatisthetotaloftheassets?Exercise2DanPike’spanyhasthefollowingaccountbalanceasofOctober31,2001:Cash$25,000AccountsPayable$5,000Equipment50,000DanPike,capital100,000Automobile36,780DanPike,Drawing15,000Retainedearnings21,780Required:PrepareabalancesheetinaccountformasofOctober31,2001.Exercise3ThetotalassetsandtotalliabilitiesofToys“R”UsInc．andEsteeLauderCompaniesInc.follow．Toys‘‘R’UsEsteeLauderCompanies(in millions) (in millions)Assets$8,003$3,219Liabilities4,5851,867Required:Determinethestockholders’equityofeachpany.Exercise4Determinethemissingamounts(inmillions)forthe2001balancesheets(sum marizedbelow)forTheLimitedInc．，FederalExpressCorporation，andEastmanKodakCo．FederalEastmanThe Limited Express KodakAssets$4,088(b)$13,362Liabilities(a)$5,32310,468Stockholders’equity2,3174,248(C)Part2MoreAbouttheBalanceSheet所需课时：3课时授课时间：2005.9.2910.10课程目标：1．理解并掌握以下会计原则：---持续经营原则---资产计价原则成本（历史成本）市价（公允价格）2．进一步了解和认识资产负债表3．明确资产负债表各具体项目的含义--课程设计：第一课程段：复习前章要点（20分钟）1．会计的定义及特点2．资产负债表的基本要素3．会计基本要素的概念4．会计等式5．3个会计原则第二课程段：教师讲解（70分钟）1以教材内容为主讲授相关概念，并结合企业是计和日常生活中的实例，使抽象的概念变得浅显易懂。
