大学英语四级考试试题真题

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather.B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother.2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures.B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles.C) Providing clean energy to five million people.D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C) They are only about half an inch thick.D) They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities.B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Her ‘lucky birthday’. C) Her wedding anniversary.B) A call from her dad. D) A special gift from the man.9. A) Gave her a big model plane. C) Took her on a trip overseas.B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Threw her a surprise party.10. A) The gift her husband has bought.B) The trip her husband has planned.C) What has been troubling her husband.D) What her husband and the man are up to.11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.B) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.C) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B) They see the importance of making compromises.C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion.14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly.B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy.B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) When America's earliest space program started.B) When the International Space Station was built.C) How many space shuttle missions there will be.D) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.C) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.18. A) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space.B) They are expensive to make. D) They were invented in the 1970s.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America.B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C) It marked the beginning of something new.D) Everything was natural and genuine then.20. A) They believed in working for goals. C) They had all kinds of entertainment.B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative.21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work.B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D) You may end up entering a wonderland.24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire.B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather.B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29__ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors （嗅觉感受器）, whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect __33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB（肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.A) associated I) slightB) examine J) specifyC) indicate K) superiorD) nuisance L) suspiciousE) peak M) tipF) preventing N) treatedG) prohibiting O) visualH) sensitiveSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issuestake-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained,“Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.”Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain fromtake-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear,time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, butthere is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personaltest-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability toaccess the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, toldme, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Ourfellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last inschool.”[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When Iasked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time isalready reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,”he responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two inadvance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her finalexam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were givena slice.36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult thanthey actually are.42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type ofcourse being taught.44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it whenperformance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able todo it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefitsthem most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-evenif that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.51. What does the author say is the problem with women?A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.B) Their desire to be considered powerful.C) An underestimate of their own ability.D) A lack of courage to face challenges.54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A) women tend to be easily satisfiedB) men are generally more persuasiveC) men tend to put their personal interests firstD) women are much more ready to compromise55. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failureB) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。

2023年12月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(三套全) 一、听力理解第一套第一节(共5小题)1. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Turn the television off.B. Turn the volume down.C. Turn the radio on.Answer: B2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At the post office.B. At the bank.C. At the hotel.Answer: C3. What does the man imply about the woman?A. She hasn’t been to New York City.B. She needs to find a new job.C. She travels a lot for work.Answer: A4. How long has the man been waiting?A. For an hour.B. For half an hour.C. For ten minutes.Answer: B5. What is the woman doing?A. She is looking for her keys.B. She is waiting for someone to arrive.C. She is talking on the phone.Answer: C第二节(共5小题)6. What is the woman asking the man to do?A. Fix her computer.B. Help her find a job.C. Visit her tomorrow.Answer: A7. What does the man offer to do next?A. Take the woman to the restaurant.B. Prepare dinner for the woman.C. Look for a restaurant on the Internet.Answer: C8. What does the man say abo ut the woman’s computer?A. It can’t be fixed.B. It needs a software update.C. It needs a new battery.Answer: B9. What does the woman suggest doing after dinner?A. Go for a walk.B. Watch a movie at home.C. Go to a movie theater.Answer: B10. How do es the woman feel about the man’s suggestion?A. Excited.B. Indifferent.C. Annoyed.Answer: A二、阅读理解第一套An important part of a child’s development is the acquisition of social skills. Social skills help children to interact effectively with others and build healthy relationships. These skills are vital for success in school, work, and life in general.One of the best ways to help children develop social skills is through play. Play allows children to practice andmaster social, emotional, and cognitive skills in a relaxed and enjoyableenvironment. Through play, children learn valuable skills such as cooperation, sharing, problem-solving, and communication.There are different types of play that help in the development of social skills. Cooperative play is when children play and work together towards a common goal. This type of play helps children to learn teamwork and collaboration. Pretend play, on the other hand, allows children to develop empathy and understanding of others’ perspectives. They learn to take on different roles and pretend to be someone else, which helps in developing their social and emotional intelligence. Board games and group activities also promote social interaction and help children learn important skills such as taking turns, following rules, and resolving conflicts in a fair manner.Parents and educators play a crucial role in promoting social skills development. They can create opportunities for play and provide guidance and support. It is important for parents to encourage their children to engage in various types of play and provide them with age-appropriate toys and games. Educators can incorporate play-based learning activities in the classroom to foster social skills development.In conclusion, play is a valuable tool for social skills development. It allows children to practice and master important skills while having fun. Parents and educators should recognize the importance of play and provide opportunities and support for children to engage in different types of play.第二套The concept of time management is essential in today’s fast-paced world. Effective time management helps individuals to prioritize tasks, handle multiple responsibilities, and increase productivity. It allows individuals to make the most out of their time and achieve their goals efficiently.Here are some tips for effective time management:1.Set goals: Identify your long-term and short-termgoals. Break them down into smaller, manageable tasks.This will help you stay focused and motivated.2.Prioritize tasks: Determine which tasks are mostimportant and urgent. Focus on completing these tasks first.3.Create a schedule: Use a planner or online calendarto schedule your tasks and activities. Set deadlines for each task to stay organized and keep track of your progress.4.Avoid multitasking: Multitasking may seem like atime-saving technique, but it can actually decreaseproductivity. Focus on one task at a time and give it yourfull attention.5.Delegate tasks: If possible, delegate tasks to others.This will free up your time and allow you to focus on more important tasks.6.Take breaks: Schedule regular breaks to rest andrecharge. This will help you maintain focus and preventburnout.7.Avoid procrastination: Procrastination can lead tounnecessary stress and missed deadlines. Break tasks into smaller, manageable parts and tackle them one at a time.8.Learn to say no: Don’t overcommit yourself. Learn tosay no to tasks that are not essential or do not align withyour goals.e technology: Take advantage of technology toolssuch as productivity apps and time tracking apps. Thesecan help you stay organized and manage your time moreeffectively.10.Review and adjust: Regularly review your scheduleand tasks. Adjust as needed to accommodate unexpectedevents or changes in priorities.By implementing these tips, you can improve your time management skills and achieve greater success in your personal and professional life.第三套The importance of physical exercise cannot be overstated. Regular exercise has numerous health benefits and plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle.Physical exercise helps to strengthen the cardiovascular system, improve lung function, and increase muscle strength and endurance. It also promotes weight loss and helps to maintain a healthy body weight. Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, andcertain types of cancer. It can also improve mental health by reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.In addition to the physical benefits, exercise is also important for cognitive function. Studies have shown that regular exercise improves memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. It can also enhance creativity and productivity.Exercise is not only beneficial for adults but also for children and adolescents. Regular physical activity in childhood and adolescence helps to develop healthy bones, muscles, and joints. It improves coordination and balance, and reduces the risk of childhood obesity. It also has a positive impact on academic performance, including improved concentration and focus.There are many different forms of exercise that individuals can choose from, including aerobic exercise, strength training, flexibility exercises, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). It is important to find a form of exercise that you enjoy and can incorporate into your daily routine.In conclusion, regular physical exercise is essential for overall health and well-being. It has numerous physical and mental health benefits and should be a priority for individuals of all ages. Make exercise a part of your daily routine and reap the rewards of a healthy and active lifestyle.三、写作题目及答案第一套写作题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:。

大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a shortessay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should writeat least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法？Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go overthe passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Forquestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for someof the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed thatthe candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhatdisappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but thefact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so shedecided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized theperson we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. Whatshe hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different”behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-Americanraised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown byaverting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it wascultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss thatopportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive asdifferent. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse,it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and toreexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming moredifficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from theprocess have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helpsorganizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estaterecruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference suchtraining can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops onsu pervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He pati ently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on theChinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuminghe had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions ,and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture toculture .“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I couldlearn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees ,rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Dougadmits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learninghow to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizationsinternally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customerservice representative show how an inclusive attitude can improvesales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . Oneof the best things my company has done is to contract with a languageservice that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my bossreceived Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how importantinclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base hasincreased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard thestereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone .Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differencesand similarities . It is about building better communities andorganizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our sharedhumanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think wehave learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends ,etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selvesto think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opensdoors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations andcommunities that benefit everyone.1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B) He was slow in answering her questions.C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from _____.A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalizationaccording to the author?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that _____.A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ di verse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’srequest for leave?A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt _____ when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to knowthe importance of _____ to their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , wecan achieve diversity and benefit from the _____ between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause .During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children .C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.(B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14。

2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:In this task,you are to write an essay on the role of physical exercise in achieving success at college.You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least 120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes)特殊说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does mothers,according to a new study.The research examined three studies26more than18,000participants.Across all three, parenthood was27with more positive wellbeing outcomes for dads than for mums.So why are fathers happier than mothers?“Fathers may fare better than mothers in part due to how they spend time with their children,”said lead author Katherine Nelson-Coffey.In one study,the authors28that dads were more likely to take“playing”as an29 activity both when caring for their kids and spending time with their kids.“Playing with their children likely offers parents opportunities to experience positive feelings and30 closeness with their children,”they say.Fathers also did better than men without kids,reporting greater happiness,life satisfaction,and fewer31symptoms.They also reported greater connectedness and autonomy(自主).For mums,32,compared to women without children,the results weren’t quite as positive.Mums reported greater autonomy,but also“greater trouble”and fewer positive33.Mums reported happier moods while interacting with their kids,compared to other experiences,but not while engaging34in childcare.“This difference suggests that how mothers and fathers spend time with their children might have important35for their wellbeing,”the authors write.They suspect that mums may be less happy than dads because they’re more likely to have higher expectations about parenthood.As such,they’re more likely to be“let down”by the experience.A)additional F)directly K)involvingB)associated G)emotions L)noteC)composing H)however M)preciselyD)cultivate I)implications N)superficialE)depressive J)interfered O)thereforeSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Learning to say noA)Not doing something will always be faster than doing it.This philosophy applies in manyareas of life.For example,there is no meeting that goes faster than not having a meeting at all.This is not to say you should never attend another meeting,but the truth is that we say“yes”to too many things we don’t actually want to do.B)How often do people ask you to do something and you just reply,“Sure.”Three days later,you’re overwhelmed by how much is on your to-do list.We become frustrated by our obligations even though we were the ones who said“yes”to them in the first place.Even worse,people will occasionally fight to do things that waste time.You don’t have to do something just because it exists.It’s worth asking if things are necessary.Many of them are not,and a simple“no”will be more productive than whatever work the most efficient person can cope with.But if the benefits of saying“no”are so obvious,then why do we say“yes”so often?C)We say“yes”to many requests not because we want to do them,but because we don’twant to be seen as rude or unhelpful.Often,we have to consider saying“no”to someone we will interact with again in the future—our co-worker,our spouse,our family and friends.Saying“no”to our superiors at work can be particularly difficult.In these situations,I like the approach recommended in Essentialism by Greg McKeown.He writes,“Remind your superiors what you would be neglecting if you said‘yes’and force them to deal with the trade-off.For example,if your manager comes to you and asks you to do X,you can respond with‘Yes,I’m happy to make this the priority.Which of these other projects should I deprioritize to pay attention to this new project?’”D)Collaborating with others is an important element of life.The thought of straining therelationship outweighs the commitment of our time and energy.For this reason,it can be helpful to be gracious in your response.Do whatever favors you can,and be warm-hearted and direct when you have to say no.But even after we have accounted for these social considerations,many of us still seem to do a poor job of managing the trade-off between yes and no.We find ourselves over-committed to things that don’tmeaningfully improve or support those around us,and certainly don’t improve our own lives.E)Perhaps one issue is how we think about the meaning of yes and no.The words“yes”and“no”get so often used in comparison with each other that it feels like they carry equal weight in conversation.In reality,they’re not just opposite in meaning,but of entirely different magnitudes in commitment.When you say“no”,you’re only saying“no”to one option.When you say“yes”,you’re saying“no”to every other option.I like how economist Tim Harford put it,“Every time we say‘yes’to a request,we’re also saying ‘no’to anything else we might accomplish with the time.”Once you’re committed to something,you’ve already decided how that future block of time will be spent.In other words,saying“no”saves you time in the future.Saying“yes”costs you time in the future.“No”is a form of time credit.You retain the ability to spend your future time however you want.“Yes”is a form of time debt.You have to pay back your commitment at some point.F)“No”is a decision.“Yes”is a responsibility.Saying“no”is sometimes seen as a luxurythat only those in power can afford.And it’s true:turning down opportunities is easier when you can fall back on the safety net provided by power,money,and authority.But it’s also true that saying“no”is not merely a privilege reserved for the successful.It’s alsoa strategy that can help you become successful.Saying“no”is an important skill todevelop at any stage of your career because it retains the most important asset in life:your time.As investor Pedro Sorrentino put it,“If you don’t guard your time,people will steal it from you.”You need to say“no”to whatever isn’t leading you toward your goals. G)Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs,who said,“People think focus meanssaying‘yes’to the thing you’ve got to focus on.But that’s not what it means at all.It means saying‘no’to the hundred other good ideas that there are.You have to pick carefully.”Jobs had another great quote about saying“no”:“I’m actually as proud of the things we haven’t done as the things I have done.Innovation is saying‘no’to1,000 things.”H)Over time,as you continue to improve and succeed,your strategy needs to change.Theopportunity cost of your time increases as you become more successful.At first,you just eliminate the obvious distractions and explore the rest.As your skills improve and you learn to separate what works from what doesn’t,you have to continually increase your threshold for saying“yes”.You still need to say“no”to distractions,but you also need to learn to say“no”to opportunities that were previously good uses of time,so you can make space for better uses of time.It’s a good problem to have,but it can be a tough skill to master.I)What is true about health is also true about productivity:an ounce of prevention is worth apound of cure.More effort is wasted doing things that don’t matter than is wasted doing things inefficiently.And if that is the case,elimination is a more useful skill than optimization.I’m reminded of the famous Peter Drucker quote,“There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all.”36.People often grant a request just because they want to appear polite and helpful.37.It’s no easy job learning to say“no”to opportunities that were once considered worth grasping.38.When you decline a request,you are saving your future time.39.People sometimes struggle to do things that are simply a waste of time.40.Doing efficiently what is not worth doing is the most useless effort.41.It is especially difficult for people to decline to do what their superiors ask them to do.42.People agree to do too many things they are in fact unwilling to do.43.According to one famous entrepreneur,innovation means refusal to do an enormous number of things.44.It is an essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people.45.Refusing a request is sometimes seen as a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people. Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.We’re eating more fish than ever these days.At around20kilograms per person global fish consumption is now more than twice what it was in the1960s.What’s really remarkable, though,is where that fish comes from.For the first time in human history,most of our aquatic(水产的)food now comes from farming rather than fishing.People ate around73million tonnes of farmed fish—just more than half of the volume of fish that humans consumed—in2014.That’s out of a total fish supply of167million tonnes; the remaining20million or so tonnes go into things like animal feed and medical products.To keep eating fish at the current rate,we’re definitely going to need to keep aquaculture(水产养殖)developing.That’s because the volume of fish caught in the wild has leveled off since the1990s.Back in1974,only10%of marine fish stocks had been overfished.Now,more than three-tenths are.Only a tenth of our oceans’fish stocks could sustain heavier fishing than current levels.But while catchings at sea have suffered,fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate.A lot of that is coming from China,which produces60%of the world’s farmed fish.In fact, some35countries,including China,now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.This shift toward aquaculture isn’t just good for ensuring salmon(三文鱼)on your plate; it’s also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability.By2050,the world will need to feed an estimated9.7billion people.They’ll have to get their protein somewhere.However, raising cattle,pigs,and other land-based animals requires vast sums of grain and water.For example,pound for pound,beef requires15times more feed to raise than carp,a freshwaterfish farmed all over Asia.That grain—and the water needed to grow it—could be consumed by people instead.However,aquaculture is no silver bullet.In some southeast Asian countries,shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems.Despite these problems,however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular seafoods worldwide.46.What does the author say is remarkable about the fish we eat?A)They reproduce quickly.B)They are mostly farmed.C)They have become as important as grain.D)They have a longer history than humans.47.What do we need to do if we keep consuming fish at the current rate?A)Increase the fishing volume considerably.B)Develop more advanced fishing technology.C)Enlarge the marine fish stocks effectively.D)Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.48.What does the author say about China in terms of aquatic food?A)It places increasing emphasis on fishing now.B)It boasts of the world’s largest fishing stocks.C)It raises more fish than caught from the wild.D)It supplies60%of the world’s fish products.49.Why does the author say aquaculture is so important these days?A)It is a must for feeding the world’s fast-growing population.B)It proves a reliable source of protein for humans and animals.C)It is essential to maintaining both mental and physical health.D)It ensures a balanced healthy diet for people the world over.50.What does the author imply by saying aquaculture is no silver bullet?A)Shrimp-farming is a risky business.B)Fish-farming will not be sustainable.C)Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.D)Shrimp-farming can become quite expensive.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.In2020,the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme(WFP).Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP,and why now?In2019,the WFP assisted nearly100 million people in88countries.It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability.Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s problem.The WFP has been around since1961and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid.Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about11%of people on the planet(about820million people)aresuffering daily undernourishment.Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the1990s and2000s.Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones,but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money—it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive.When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached,like loan repayment or food for resources,it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order.This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.The scientific community,however,can provide a helping hand to the WFP.By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger,scientists can help reduce these problems.By making its voice heard,science can lead by example.The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries,which may have food problems of their own,or world economic institutions.This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.51.What does the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?A)More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation.B)All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.C)It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.D)It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.52.What do we learn about the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger?A)It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions.B)It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.C)It has done a good job in combating natural disasters.D)It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale.53.What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?A)The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.B)More people will be willing to join in the effort.C)More food will be made available to the needy.D)The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.54.How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger?A)By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.B)By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.C)By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.D)By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.55.What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?A)Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.B)Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.C)Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.D)World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.冬至（Winter Solstice）是全年白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，标志着一年中最寒冷时节的开始。

2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:In this task,you are to write an essay on the role of physical exercise in achieving success at college.You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least 120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes)特殊说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does mothers,according to a new study.The research examined three studies26more than18,000participants.Across all three, parenthood was27with more positive wellbeing outcomes for dads than for mums.So why are fathers happier than mothers?“Fathers may fare better than mothers in part due to how they spend time with their children,”said lead author Katherine Nelson-Coffey.In one study,the authors28that dads were more likely to take“playing”as an29 activity both when caring for their kids and spending time with their kids.“Playing with their children likely offers parents opportunities to experience positive feelings and30 closeness with their children,”they say.Fathers also did better than men without kids,reporting greater happiness,life satisfaction,and fewer31symptoms.They also reported greater connectedness and autonomy(自主).For mums,32,compared to women without children,the results weren’t quite as positive.Mums reported greater autonomy,but also“greater trouble”and fewer positive33.Mums reported happier moods while interacting with their kids,compared to other experiences,but not while engaging34in childcare.“This difference suggests that how mothers and fathers spend time with their children might have important35for their wellbeing,”the authors write.They suspect that mums may be less happy than dads because they’re more likely to have higher expectations about parenthood.As such,they’re more likely to be“let down”by the experience.A)additional F)directly K)involvingB)associated G)emotions L)noteC)composing H)however M)preciselyD)cultivate I)implications N)superficialE)depressive J)interfered O)thereforeSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Learning to say noA)Not doing something will always be faster than doing it.This philosophy applies in manyareas of life.For example,there is no meeting that goes faster than not having a meeting at all.This is not to say you should never attend another meeting,but the truth is that we say“yes”to too many things we don’t actually want to do.B)How often do people ask you to do something and you just reply,“Sure.”Three days later,you’re overwhelmed by how much is on your to-do list.We become frustrated by our obligations even though we were the ones who said“yes”to them in the first place.Even worse,people will occasionally fight to do things that waste time.You don’t have to do something just because it exists.It’s worth asking if things are necessary.Many of them are not,and a simple“no”will be more productive than whatever work the most efficient person can cope with.But if the benefits of saying“no”are so obvious,then why do we say“yes”so often?C)We say“yes”to many requests not because we want to do them,but because we don’twant to be seen as rude or unhelpful.Often,we have to consider saying“no”to someone we will interact with again in the future—our co-worker,our spouse,our family and friends.Saying“no”to our superiors at work can be particularly difficult.In these situations,I like the approach recommended in Essentialism by Greg McKeown.He writes,“Remind your superiors what you would be neglecting if you said‘yes’and force them to deal with the trade-off.For example,if your manager comes to you and asks you to do X,you can respond with‘Yes,I’m happy to make this the priority.Which of these other projects should I deprioritize to pay attention to this new project?’”D)Collaborating with others is an important element of life.The thought of straining therelationship outweighs the commitment of our time and energy.For this reason,it can be helpful to be gracious in your response.Do whatever favors you can,and be warm-hearted and direct when you have to say no.But even after we have accounted for these social considerations,many of us still seem to do a poor job of managing the trade-off between yes and no.We find ourselves over-committed to things that don’tmeaningfully improve or support those around us,and certainly don’t improve our own lives.E)Perhaps one issue is how we think about the meaning of yes and no.The words“yes”and“no”get so often used in comparison with each other that it feels like they carry equal weight in conversation.In reality,they’re not just opposite in meaning,but of entirely different magnitudes in commitment.When you say“no”,you’re only saying“no”to one option.When you say“yes”,you’re saying“no”to every other option.I like how economist Tim Harford put it,“Every time we say‘yes’to a request,we’re also saying ‘no’to anything else we might accomplish with the time.”Once you’re committed to something,you’ve already decided how that future block of time will be spent.In other words,saying“no”saves you time in the future.Saying“yes”costs you time in the future.“No”is a form of time credit.You retain the ability to spend your future time however you want.“Yes”is a form of time debt.You have to pay back your commitment at some point.F)“No”is a decision.“Yes”is a responsibility.Saying“no”is sometimes seen as a luxurythat only those in power can afford.And it’s true:turning down opportunities is easier when you can fall back on the safety net provided by power,money,and authority.But it’s also true that saying“no”is not merely a privilege reserved for the successful.It’s alsoa strategy that can help you become successful.Saying“no”is an important skill todevelop at any stage of your career because it retains the most important asset in life:your time.As investor Pedro Sorrentino put it,“If you don’t guard your time,people will steal it from you.”You need to say“no”to whatever isn’t leading you toward your goals. G)Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs,who said,“People think focus meanssaying‘yes’to the thing you’ve got to focus on.But that’s not what it means at all.It means saying‘no’to the hundred other good ideas that there are.You have to pick carefully.”Jobs had another great quote about saying“no”:“I’m actually as proud of the things we haven’t done as the things I have done.Innovation is saying‘no’to1,000 things.”H)Over time,as you continue to improve and succeed,your strategy needs to change.Theopportunity cost of your time increases as you become more successful.At first,you just eliminate the obvious distractions and explore the rest.As your skills improve and you learn to separate what works from what doesn’t,you have to continually increase your threshold for saying“yes”.You still need to say“no”to distractions,but you also need to learn to say“no”to opportunities that were previously good uses of time,so you can make space for better uses of time.It’s a good problem to have,but it can be a tough skill to master.I)What is true about health is also true about productivity:an ounce of prevention is worth apound of cure.More effort is wasted doing things that don’t matter than is wasted doing things inefficiently.And if that is the case,elimination is a more useful skill than optimization.I’m reminded of the famous Peter Drucker quote,“There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all.”36.People often grant a request just because they want to appear polite and helpful.37.It’s no easy job learning to say“no”to opportunities that were once considered worth grasping.38.When you decline a request,you are saving your future time.39.People sometimes struggle to do things that are simply a waste of time.40.Doing efficiently what is not worth doing is the most useless effort.41.It is especially difficult for people to decline to do what their superiors ask them to do.42.People agree to do too many things they are in fact unwilling to do.43.According to one famous entrepreneur,innovation means refusal to do an enormous number of things.44.It is an essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people.45.Refusing a request is sometimes seen as a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people. Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.We’re eating more fish than ever these days.At around20kilograms per person global fish consumption is now more than twice what it was in the1960s.What’s really remarkable, though,is where that fish comes from.For the first time in human history,most of our aquatic(水产的)food now comes from farming rather than fishing.People ate around73million tonnes of farmed fish—just more than half of the volume of fish that humans consumed—in2014.That’s out of a total fish supply of167million tonnes; the remaining20million or so tonnes go into things like animal feed and medical products.To keep eating fish at the current rate,we’re definitely going to need to keep aquaculture(水产养殖)developing.That’s because the volume of fish caught in the wild has leveled off since the1990s.Back in1974,only10%of marine fish stocks had been overfished.Now,more than three-tenths are.Only a tenth of our oceans’fish stocks could sustain heavier fishing than current levels.But while catchings at sea have suffered,fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate.A lot of that is coming from China,which produces60%of the world’s farmed fish.In fact, some35countries,including China,now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.This shift toward aquaculture isn’t just good for ensuring salmon(三文鱼)on your plate; it’s also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability.By2050,the world will need to feed an estimated9.7billion people.They’ll have to get their protein somewhere.However, raising cattle,pigs,and other land-based animals requires vast sums of grain and water.For example,pound for pound,beef requires15times more feed to raise than carp,a freshwaterfish farmed all over Asia.That grain—and the water needed to grow it—could be consumed by people instead.However,aquaculture is no silver bullet.In some southeast Asian countries,shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems.Despite these problems,however, shrimp continues to be among the most popular seafoods worldwide.46.What does the author say is remarkable about the fish we eat?A)They reproduce quickly.B)They are mostly farmed.C)They have become as important as grain.D)They have a longer history than humans.47.What do we need to do if we keep consuming fish at the current rate?A)Increase the fishing volume considerably.B)Develop more advanced fishing technology.C)Enlarge the marine fish stocks effectively.D)Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.48.What does the author say about China in terms of aquatic food?A)It places increasing emphasis on fishing now.B)It boasts of the world’s largest fishing stocks.C)It raises more fish than caught from the wild.D)It supplies60%of the world’s fish products.49.Why does the author say aquaculture is so important these days?A)It is a must for feeding the world’s fast-growing population.B)It proves a reliable source of protein for humans and animals.C)It is essential to maintaining both mental and physical health.D)It ensures a balanced healthy diet for people the world over.50.What does the author imply by saying aquaculture is no silver bullet?A)Shrimp-farming is a risky business.B)Fish-farming will not be sustainable.C)Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.D)Shrimp-farming can become quite expensive.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.In2020,the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme(WFP).Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP,and why now?In2019,the WFP assisted nearly100 million people in88countries.It is the safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence. It is a response to solving the problem of food instability.Its Nobel Prize reminds us all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are somebody else’s problem.The WFP has been around since1961and has been the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid.Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger, the latest estimate is that about11%of people on the planet(about820million people)aresuffering daily undernourishment.Progress at reducing undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the1990s and2000s.Developed countries sometimes offer food and aid to developing ones,but at a price. One American philosopher stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about more than money—it is mostly about creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive.When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached,like loan repayment or food for resources,it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order.This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.The scientific community,however,can provide a helping hand to the WFP.By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger,scientists can help reduce these problems.By making its voice heard,science can lead by example.The ability to overcome food shortages that must be built into some of the poorest countries will not come from loans from wealthy countries,which may have food problems of their own,or world economic institutions.This ability will be built upon self-confident people using open and shared scientific knowledge to pull themselves out of their misery.51.What does the WFP’s winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?A)More and more people in the world are suffering from starvation.B)All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.C)It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.D)It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.52.What do we learn about the WFP’s effort to eliminate hunger?A)It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions.B)It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.C)It has done a good job in combating natural disasters.D)It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale.53.What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?A)The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.B)More people will be willing to join in the effort.C)More food will be made available to the needy.D)The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.54.How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger?A)By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.B)By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.C)By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.D)By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.55.What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?A)Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.B)Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.C)Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.D)World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.冬至（Winter Solstice）是全年白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，标志着一年中最寒冷时节的开始。

2024年06月大学英语四级考试真题和答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B) Because of the smoke and heat damage.C) Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D) Because of the collapse of the three-story building.2. A) Investigating the cause of the incident.B) Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C) Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D) Checking town records for the property developer.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It plays a less important role in one’s health than nutrient intake.B) It impacts people’s health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C) It is associated with people’s mental health conditions.D) It is linked with older adults’ symptoms of depression.4. A) It was indefinite.B) It was systematic.C) It was straightforward.D) It was insignificant.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It has helped solve several murder cases.B) It has become a star police dog in Beijing.C) It has surpassed its mother in performance.D) It has done better than naturally born dogs.6. A) To speed up investigation into criminal cases.B) To test the feasibility of cloning technology.C) To cut down training expenses.D) To reduce their training time.7. A) Cloning is too complicated a process.B) The technology is yet to be accepted.C) Cloning is ethically controversial.D) The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He read it somewhere online.B) He heard about it from a coworker.C) He read an article reviewing it.D) He watched a TV series based on it.9. A) His publications.B) His first book.C) His address.D) His name.10. A) Collect a lot more data.B) Relax a bit less often.C) Clarify many new concepts.D) Read more reference books.11. A) Find out the show’s most interesting episodes.B) Watch the series together with the woman.C) Get an e-copy of the book to read.D) Check to see when the show starts.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To check the prices of his farm produce.B) To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.C) To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D) To seek the man’s help with her work on the farm.13. A) Bakers.B) Vendors.C) Vegetarians.D) Organisers.14. A) The issuing of certificates to vendors.B) The completion of the baking task.C) The festival they are organising.D) The deadline for application.15. A) The closing date of submission.B) The website of his company.C) The details of the ceremony.D) The organiser’s address.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Most scenic sites have been closed.B) Access to official campsites is limited.C) Health experts advise going outdoors.D) People have more time during the summer.17. A) It is strongly opposed by nearby residents.B) It leads to much waste of public money.C) It has caused environmental concerns.D) It has created conflicts among campers.18. A) Look for open land in Scotland.B) Leave no trace of their camping.C) Avoid getting close to wilderness.D) Ask for permission from authorities.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They outcompete mythical creatures.B) They usually mind their own business.C) They truly exist in the Amazon region.D) They resemble alarmingly large snakes.20. A) Scar tissue from dolphins’ fighting.B) Skin infection from water pollution.C) Unhealed wounds from snake bites.D) Swimming along in seasonal floods.21. A) It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.B) It has been placed under international protection.C) It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.D) It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) About 58% of young adults call parental support the new normal.B) Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.C) A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D) Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.23. A) It renders them dependent.B) It causes them to lose dignity.C) It makes them mentally immature.D) It hinders them from getting ahead.24. A) It challenges one’s willpower.B) It results from education.C) It calls for due assistance.D) It defines adulthood.25. A) Current lifestyles.B) Poor budgeting.C) College loans.D) Emergency expenses.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．It’s well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health. Yet whereas most countries have____26____, evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise____27____for various physical health benefits, such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood.This is____28____due to a lack of necessary evidence. However, a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before____29____into some of the key take-aways, animportant____30____made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic. The former____31____such things as walking, jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy. In contrast, anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such____32____intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaks down glucose (葡萄糖) in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the moodbenefits of aerobic exercise, the researchers, led by John Chan at Shenzhen University, found____33____results from 19 relevant studies. Some favoured higher intensity, others low, while seven studies found that intensity made no____34____to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise, however, the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择) for improving moodis____35____intensity, perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant.A) constitutesB) contradictoryC) decisionD) detailedE) differenceF) dippingG) distinctionH) fallingI) involvesJ) moderateK) notifiedL) partlyM) requiredN) traditionallyO) vigorousSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why Do Americans Work So Much?A) How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was the question that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” in 1930. Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39.B) But then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?C) There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy’s productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living “between four and eight times as high as it is today.” But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M. Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes’s eight-fold (八倍) multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.D) In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals to many economists. “This argument is, at best, far from sufficient,” he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E) Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.F) A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically (按年代). Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week. But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.G) Keynes’s prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened. Although Keynes’s eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median (中位数的) American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his fourto eight-fold predicted range.H) This can be seen in the median worker’s income over this time period, complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wagefor ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.I) What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes’s vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education —are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money.J) This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes’s time—can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure. These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K) Friedman concludes that the prosperity (繁荣) Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.36. Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37. As ordinary American workers’ average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.38. American workers’ average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century.39. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours. 40. Many economists assume people’s thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.41. An economist’s prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century.42. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.43. Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing.45. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone’s standard of living continuing to rise.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying?Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not.This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others, so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving youstronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authenticselves in an effort to be liked.If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves, because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliché(老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtfulthat you’ll regret it.46. What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation?A) We should see through other people’s attempt to make a prisoner of us.B) We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.C) We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us.D) We should care about other people’s view as much as they care about our own.47. What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval?A) Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.B) Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting.C) Our identity as social beings will be affected.D) Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.48. What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?A) Our desperate longing for interactions with others.B) Our understanding of the workings of the world.C) Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.D) Our early childhood fear of being deserted.49. What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desiredapproval?A) Enjoy a happier life.B) Exercise self-restraint.C) Receive more external validation.D) Strengthen our power of imagination.50. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?A) Embrace life for ourselves and for others.B) Base our worth on others’ opinions.C) See our experiences as assets.D) Love ourselves as we are.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggeststhat late-in-life learning is possible. In reality, education does an aging brain good.Throughout life, people’s brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.Of course, that doesn’t mean the brain isn’t affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn’t necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can alter our brains with new information and experiences.In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people’s minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks.Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness —a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge—may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with thistake-in-theworld attitude, but those who aren’t as genetically gifted aren’t necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That’s why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says “It’s not that old dogs can’t learn new tricks. It’s that maybe old dogs don’t realize why they should. ”51. What do some people think of aging adults?A) Their wisdom grows as time goes by.B) Their memory gradually deteriorates.C) They can benefit from late-in-life learning.D) They are likely to have mental health issues.52. What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman’s finding?A) Brain damage seriously hinders one’s learning.B) Brain power weakens slower than we imagine.C) Brains can refresh and improve with learning.D) Brains forge connections under new conditions.53. What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?A) Doing daily routines by conventional means.B) Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.C) Imitating old dogs’ way of learning new tricks.D) Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.54. What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?A) Being curious and desiring knowledge.B) Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.C) Rising to life’s challenges and avoiding risks.D) Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases.55. What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging?A) Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one’s reasoning power.B) Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one’s memory.C) Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain.D) Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.四合院（siheyuan）是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。

大学英语四级考试试题真题PartⅠ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause .During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example: You will hear:You will read:A)At the office B)In the waiting roomC)At the airport D)In a restaurantFrom the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening.This is most likely to have taken place at the office.Therefore,A)"At the office"is the best answer.You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A][B][C][D]1.A)A math teacher and his colleague. B)A teacher and his student.C)A student and his classmate D)A librarian and a student2.A)Tony could not continue the experiment B)Tony finished the experiment last night.C)Tony thought the experiment was well done. D)Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.3.A)She can't put up with the noise. B)She wants to save money to buy a piano.C)The present apartment is too expensive. D)She has found a job a neighbouring area.4.A)He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.B)He has made great progress in his English.C)He is a student of the music department.D)He is not very interested in English songs.5.A)At home. B)In a restaurant. C)In a car D)On the street.6.A)His injury kept him at home. B)He didn't think it necessary.C)He was too weak to see the doctor. D)He failed to make an appointment.7.A)5:15 B)5:10 C)4:30 D)5:008.A)The man needs help. B)The man is complaining.C)The man likes his job. D)The man is talking with his boss.9.A)Wear a new dress. B)Make a silk dress. C)Attend a party D)Goshopping.10.A)He played his part quite well. B)He was not dramatic enough.C)He proformed better than the secretary D)He exaggerated his part. Section B Compound Dictation注意:听力理解的B节(Section B)为复合式听写(Compound Dictation),题目在试卷二上,现在请取出试卷二.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.People living on part of the south coast of England face a serious problem.In 1993,the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered,to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight.The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built.While experts were studying the problem.the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether,sliding down the cliff and into the sea.Erosion(侵蚀)of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years.Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland.Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people,forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their ernment surveyors have pointed out that in most cases ,this is impossible .New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast ,shifting the problem from one area to another.The danger is likely to continue ,they say ,until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is .Meanwhile,if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future,apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England.You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.11.What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?A)The rising of the sea level.B)The experts'lack of knowledge.C)The washing-away of limestone cliffs.D)The disappearance of hotels,houses and gardens.12.The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England________.A)will soon become a problem for people living in central EnglandB)has now become a threat to the local residentsC)can be stopped if proper measures are takenD)is quickly changing the map of England13. The experts study on the problem of erosion an ______A)warn people whose homes are in dangerB)provide an effective way to slow it downC)help to its eventual solutionD)lead to its eventual solution14. It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ________ .A)house agents along the coast do not support the ideaB)it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areasC)the government it too slow in taking actionD)they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents15. According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should _______ .A)take the quality of the house into considerationB)guard against being cheated by the house agentC)examine the house carefully before making a decisionD)be aware of the potential danger involvedPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate withothers, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting. Young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, Which can lead to burnout.16. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______A)to reduce their mental stress C)to make sports less competitiveB)to increase their sense of success D)to make sports more challenging17. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that ____ .A) it can help them learn more about societyB) it enables them to find flaws in themselvesC) it can provide them with valuable experiencesD) it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves18. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ______ .A)believing that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentB)without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidenceC)in order to make them remember life's lessonsD)so as to put more pressure on them19. According to the passage parents and coaches should _____________ .A)pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsB)help children to win every gameC)train children to cope with stressD)enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports20. The author's purpose in writing the passage is ____________ .A)to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutB)to persuade young children not to worry about criticismC)to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to childrenD)to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragementPassage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world's population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.But that doesn't have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world-if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation(灌溉)water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions(凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.21. What is the real cause of the patential water crisis.A)Only harf of the world's warter can be used.B)The world population is inereasing faster and faster.C)Half of the world's water resources have been seriously polluted.D)Humanity has not placed officient value on water resources.22. As indicated in the passage, the water problem _________ .A)is already serious in certain parts of the world.B)Has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC)Poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD)Is underestimated by government organizations at different levels23. According to the author, the water price should _______ .A)be reduced to the minimumB)stimulate domestic demandC)correspond to its real valueD)ake into account the occurrences of droughts24. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _________ .A)build big lakes to store waterB)construct big pumping stationsC)build small and cheap irrigation systemsD)channel water from nearby rivers to cropland25. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ______ .A)guarantee full protection of the environmentB)centralize the management of water resourcesC)increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsD)encourage local and regional of water resourcesPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular"coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline （衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that thebackpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens.A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.26. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will ____ .A)decrease gradually C)improve enormouslyB)become unstable D)remain at the same level27. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _____ .A)usually introduced to satisfy different tastesB)often more expensive than old onesC)often inferior to old ones at firstD)not easily accepted by the public28. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to __________ .A)work out marketing policies C)promote its productionB)increase its popularity D)speed up its life cycle29. The author mentions the example of "backpacks"(Line 4, Para.2 ) to show the importance of _______ .A)increasing usage among students C)pleasing the young as well as the oldB)exploring new market sections D)serving both military and civil needs30. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are _______ .A)improving product quality C)re-positioning their product in the marketB)modernizing product style D)increasing product features。

英语四级考试真题试卷附答案第套英语四级考试真题试卷附答案第套一、写作部分写作部分是英语四级考试的第一部分，占总分的15%。

该部分要求考生根据给出的主题和提示，写出一篇不少于200字的短文。

二、听力部分听力部分是英语四级考试的第二部分，占总分的35%。

该部分包括短篇新闻、长对话和听力理解三部分，要求考生根据听到的内容完成相应的题目。

三、阅读部分阅读部分是英语四级考试的第三部分，占总分的35%。

该部分包括词汇理解、长篇阅读和仔细阅读三部分，要求考生根据文章内容完成相应的题目。

四、翻译部分翻译部分是英语四级考试的第四部分，占总分的15%。

该部分要求考生翻译一篇涉及文化、历史、经济等方面的文章。

五、答案及解析1、写作部分答案：主题：互联网对人们生活的影响提示：互联网在信息获取、交流沟通、娱乐生活等方面都给人们带来了便利，但也存在一些负面影响，比如沉迷于网络游戏等。

短文（仅供参考）：The internet has greatly affected people's lives. On the one hand, the internet provides people with easy access to information and allows them to communicate and娱乐生活themselves through social media, online games, and other digital platforms. On the other hand, the excessive use of the internet can lead to problems such as addiction and negative impact on people's social lives and personal relationships.2、听力部分答案：短篇新闻：1-5 ACBAC；长对话：6-10 BACAB；听力理解：11-15 BACAB。

大学英语四级考试试题真题Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are jour choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities’buildings and products. When we designed America’s first so-called “green”office building in New York two decades __71__, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the __72__ that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to __73__.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for __74__ use. The “energy-efficient”sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis __75__ indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So far 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials __76__ to the molecules, looking for ways to make them __77__ for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials-such as paints that release significantly __78__ amounts of organic compounds-that don’t __79__ the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately, __80__, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad”but on creating __81__ healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil __82__ reused by industry again and again. As a matter of __83__, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already __84__ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable (可循环用的).Look at it this way: No one __85__ out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are __86__ causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So __87__ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are __88__ a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a __89__ effect on the world. It’s not just the building industry, either. __90__ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.71. A) agoB) offC) beforeD) away72. A) practiceB) outlookC) ideaD) scheme73. A) goB) comeC) arriveD) continue74. A) indoorB) inwardC) relevantD) flexible75. A) displayedB) discoveredC) exhibitedD) revealed76. A) backB) downC) nextD) near77. A) comfortableB) cautiousC) safeD) stable78. A) reducedB) revisedC) descendedD) delayed79. A) denyB) depressC) dissolveD) destroy80. A) besidesB) howeverC) anyhowD) anyway81. A) partiallyB) exactlyC) completelyD) superficially82. A) orB) andC) butD) nor83. A) interestB) factC) principleD) course84. A) sketchedB) constructedC) researchedD) developed85. A) startsB) pullsC) looksD) makes86. A) basicallyB) originallyC) traditionallyD) inevitably87. A) becauseB) outC) insteadD) regardless88. A) adjustingB) admittingC) adoptingD) adapting89. A) functionalB) beneficialC) preciousD) sensible90. A) EntireB) TotalC) FullD) CompletePart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者2. 本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3. 报名条件及联系方式Volunteers Needed参考答案Part I1. C2. B3. C4. A5. D6. A7. B8. A9. D 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. BPart II21. D 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. CPart III41. A 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. D 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D 61. C 62. A 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. A 67. C 68. D 69. B 70. DPart IV71. A 72. C 73. B 74. A 75. D 76. B 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. B81. C 82. A 83. B 84. D 85. A86. D 87. C 88. C 89. B 90. A听力原文Section A1. M: I think the hostess really went out of her way to make the party a success.W: Yes, the food and drinks were great, but if only we had known a few of the other guests.Q: What did the two speakers say about the party?2. M: Can you stop by the post office and get me some envelopes and 39 cents’stamps?W: Well, I am not going to stop by the post office, but I can buy you some at the bookstore after I see the dentist on Market street.Q: Where will the woman go first?3. M: How do you like the new physician who replaced Dr. Andrews?W: He may not seem as agreeable or as thorough as Dr. Andrews, but at least he doesn’t keep patients waiting for hours.Q: What can we infer from the woman’s answer?4. W: Tom must be in a bad mood today. He hasn’t said half a dozen words all afternoon.M: Oh, really? That’s not like the Tom we know.Q: What does the man imply?5. W: Do you have the seminar schedule with you? I’d like to find out the topic for Friday.M: I gave it to my friend, but there should be copies available in the library. I can pick one up for you.Q: What does the man promise to do?6. W: I wonder if you could sell me the Psychology textbooks. You took the course last semester, didn’t you?M: As a matter of fact, I already sold them back to the school bookstore.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?7. W: Here is this week’s schedule, Tony. On Monday, there is the board meeting. Your speech to the lion’s club is on Tuesday afternoon. Then on Wednesday you have an appointment with your lawyer and…M: Wait, you mean the business conference on Tuesday is cancelled?Q: What will the man do this Tuesday?8. M: Can you believe it? Jessie told her boss he was wrong to have fired his marketing directorW: Yeah, but you know Jessie. If she has something in mind, everyone will know about it.Q: What does the woman mean?9. M: We’ve got three women researchers in our group: Mary, Betty and Helen. Do you know them?W: Sure. Mary is active and sociable. Betty is the most talkative woman I’ve ever met. But guess what? Helen’s just the opposite.Q: What do we learn from the woman’s remark about Helen?10. W: Jimmy said that he was going to marry a rich French businesswoman.M: Don’t be so sure. He once told me that he had bought a big house. Yet he’s still sharing an apartment with Mark.Q: What does the man imply?Section BPassage 1Unless you have visited the southern United States, you probably have never heard of Kudzu. Kudzu, as any farmer in the south will sadly tell you, is a super-powered weed. It is a strong climbing plant. Once it gets started, Kudzu is almost impossible to stop. It climbs to the tops of the tallest trees. It can cover large buildings. Whole barns and farm houses have been known to disappear from view. Wherever it grows, its thick twisting stems are extremely hard to remove. Kudzu was once thought to be a helpful plant. Originally found in Asia, it was brought to America to help protect the land from being swallowed by the sea. It wasplanted where its tough roots which grow up to five feet long could help hold back the soil. But the plant soon spread to places where it wasn’t wanted. Farmers now have to fight to keep it from killing other plants. In a way, Kudzu is a sign of labor shortage in the south. Where there is no one to work the fields, Kudzu soon takes over. The northern United States faces no threat from Kudzu. Harsh winters kill it off. The plant loves the warmth of the south, but the south surely doesn’t love it. If someone could invent some use for Kudzu and remove it from southern farmland, his or her fortune would be assured.11. What do we learn about “Kudzu”from the passage?12. What will happen if the fields are neglected in the southern United States?13. Why isn’t Kudzu a threat to the northern United States?Passage 2The word “university”comes from the Latin word “universitas”, meaning “the whole”. Later, in Latin legal language, “universitas”meant a society or corporation. In the Middle Ages, the word meant “an association of teachers and scholars”. The origins of universities can be traced back to the 12th to14th centuries. In the early 12th century, long before universities were organized in the modern sense, students gathered together for higher studies at certain centers oflearning. The earliest centers in the Europe were at Bolonia in Italy, founded in 1088. Other early centers were set up in France, the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany from 1150 to 1386. The first universities in Britain were Oxford and Cambridge. They were established in 1185 and 1209 respectively. The famous London University was founded in 1836. This was followed by the foundation of several universities such as Manchester and Birmingham, which developed from provincial colleges. It was in the 1960’s that the largest expansion of higher education took place in Britain. This expansion took 3 basic forms: existing universities were enlarged, new universities were developed from existing colleges and completely new universities were set up. In Britain, finance for universities comes from three source: the first, and the largest source, is grants from the government, the second source is fees paid by students and the third one is private donations. All the British universities except one receive some government funding. The exception is Buckingham, which is Britain’s only independent university.14. What did the word “Universitas”mean in the Middle Ages?15. Why was the 1960s so significant for British Higher Education?16. What is the main financial source for British universities?Passage 3One of the biggest problems in developing countries is hunger. Anorganization called Heifer International is working to improve the situation. The organization sends farm animals to families and communities around the world. An American farmer, Dan West, developed the idea for Heifer International in the 1930s. Mr. West was working in Spain where he discovered a need for cows. Many families were starving because of the civil war in that county. So Mr. West asked his friends in the United States to send some cows. The first Heifer animals were sent in 1944. Since that time, more than 4,000,000 people in 115 countries have had better lives because of Heifer animals. To receive a Heifer animal, families must first explain their needs and goals. They must also make a plan which will allow them to become self-supporting. Local experts usually provide training. The organization says that animals must have food, water, shelter, health care and the ability to reproduce. Without them, the animals will not remain healthy and productive. Heifer International also believes that families must pass on some of their success to others in need. This belief guarantees that each person who takes part in the program also becomes a giver. Every family that receives a Heifer animal must agree to give that animal’s first female baby to other people in need . Families must also agree to pass on the skills and training they receive from Heifer International. This concept helps communities become self-supporting.17. What does the speaker tell us about Mr. West?18. What is the ultimate goal of Heifer International?19. What are families required to do after they receive support from Heifer International?20. What is the major achievement of Heifer International?。

大学英语四级考试经典考题Part I WritingDirections：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?...Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A Grassroots RemedyMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the pa rk or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, a nywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

历年大学英语四级考试真题文字版历年大学英语四级考试真题（文字版）1.A) The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.B) The woman had forgotten Mark's phone numberC) The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.D) Mark and the woman had not been in .2.A) The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B) The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C) The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D) The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.3.A) At 10:30.C) At 10:40.B) At 10:25.D) At 10:45.4.A) The man no longer smokes.B) The man is under pressure from his wife.C) The man usually follows his wife's advice.D) The man refuses to listen to his doctor's advice.5.A) Move to a big city.C) Go back to school.B) Become a teacher.D) Work in New York.6.A) Quit delivering flowers.C) Bring her flowers every day.B) Work at a restaurant.D) Leave his job to work for her.7.A) She can find the right person to help the man.B) She can help the man out.C) She's also in need of a textbook.D) She picked up the book from the bus floor.8.A) The man was confused about the date of the appointment.B) The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C) The man is glad he's got in touch with the doctor.D) The man can't come for the appointment at 4:15.9.A) The two speakers are at a loss what to do.B) The man is worried about his future.C) The two speakers are seniors at college.D) The woman regrets spending her time idly.10.A) She has learned a lot from the novel.B) She also found the plot difficult to follow.C) She usually has difficulty remembering names.D) She can recall the names of most characters in the novel.Section B Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from SI to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to SIO you are required to fill in the missinginformation. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The Library of Congress is America's national library. It has millions of books and other objects. It has newspapers, (S1) ________ ____________ ___________ _______ publications as well as letters of (S2) _________________________ interest. It also has maps, photographs, art (S3) __________ __________, movies, sound recordings and musical (S4) __________________. All together, it has more than 100 million objects.The Library of Congress is open to the public Monday through Saturday, except for public holidays. Anyone may go there and read anything in the collection. But no one is (S5) _________ to take books out of the building.The Library of Congress was (S6) __________________ in 1800. It started with eleven boxes of books in one room of the Capitol building. By 1814, the collection had increased to about 3,000 books. They were all (S7) _______________ that year when the Capitol was burned down during America's war with Britain.To help re-build the library, Congress bought the books of President Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Jefferson's collection included 7,000 books in seven languages.(S8) _____________ _______________________ ____________________ ______________. Today, three buildings hold the library's collection.(S9) _____________ _______________________ ______________________ ____________. It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts. It also gets materials through its copyright office. (S10) __________ _____________________ ________________ __________ _______. This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything that ispublished in the United States.【参考答案】S1 popular S2 historical S3 prints S4 instrumentsS5 permitted S6 established S7 destroyedS8 In 1897, the library moved into its own building across the street from the Capitol.S9 The library provides books and materials to the US Congress and also lends books to other American libraries, government agencies and foreign libraries.S10 Anyone who wants copyright protection for a publication in the US must send two copies to the library.【历年大学英语四级考试真题（文字版）】。

大学英语四级真题及答案(多套题及翻译）CET4 Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.题目一：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观你的校园，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?题目二：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观你的家乡，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?题目三：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观中国，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2023年12月大学英语四级考试试题Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of What electives to choose. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:What electives to choose1. 各大学开设了多种各样旳选修课2. 学生由于多种原因选择了不一样旳选修课3. 以你自己为例……Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Universities Branch OutAs never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering course of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作旳) research programs to advance science forthe benefit of all humanity.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2023. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America's best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity -- and providing the financial resources to make it possible.Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai's Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visitregularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu's Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U. S. team.As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2023, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.American politicians have great difficult recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake ofSeptember 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U. S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U. K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation's well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fall to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and -- like immigrants throughout history -- strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.1. From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities have become ______.A) more popularized than ever beforeB) in-service training organizationsC) a powerful force for global integrationD) more and more research-oriented2. Over the past decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased ______.A) at an annual rate of 8 percent B) at an annual rate of 3.9 percentC) by 800,000 D) by 2.5 million3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?A) 38%. B) 10%. C) 30% D) 20%.4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?A) They give them chances for international study or internship.B) They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program.C) They offer them various courses in international politics.D) They organize a series of seminars on world economy.5. An example illustrating the general trend of universities' globalization is ______.A) Yale's establishing branch campuses throughout the worldB) Yale's student exchange program with European institutionsC) Yale's helping Chinese universities to launch research projectsD) Yale's collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research6. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A) It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company.B) It was intentionally created by Stanford University.C) It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up.D) It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?A) It has increased by 3 percent.B) It doubled between 1998 and 2023.C) It has been unsteady for years.D) It has been more than sufficient.8. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U. S. after September 11 was caused by _______________________________.9. Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will ______________________________.10. The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U. S. in that the very best of them will stay and __________________________________.Part ⅢListening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. [A] She used to be in poor health. [C] She was somewhat overweight.[B] She was popular among boys. [D] She didn't do well at high school.12. [A] At the airport. [C] In a hooking office.[B] In a restaurant. [D] At the hotel reception.13. [A] Teaching her son by herself. [C] Asking the teacher for extra help.[B] Having confidence in her son. [D] Telling her son not to worry.14. [A] Have a short break. [C] Continue her work outdoors.[B] Take two weeks off. [D] Go on vacation with the man.15. [A] He is taking care of this twin brother. [C] He is worried about Rod's health.[B] He has been feeling ill all week. [D] He has been in perfect condition.16. [A] she sold all her furniture before she moved house.[B] She still keeps some old furniture in her new house.[C] She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement.[D] She brought a new set of furniture from Italy last month.17. [A] The woman wondered why the man didn't return the book.[B] The woman doesn't seem to know what the book is about.[C] The woman doesn't find the book useful any more.[D] The woman forgot lending the book to the man.18. [A] Most of the man's friends are athletes.[B] Few people share the woman's opinion.[C] The man doesn't look like a sportsman.[D] The woman doubts the man's athletic ability.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] She has packed it in one of her bags. [C] She has probably left it in a taxi.[B] She is going to get it at the airport. [D] She is afraid that she has lost it.20. [A] It ends in winter. [C] It will last one week.[B] It will cost her a lot. [D] It depends on the weather.21. [A] The plane is taking off soon. [C]There might be a traffic jam.[B] The taxi is waiting for them. [D] There is a lot of stuff to pack.22. [A] At home. [C] At the airport.[B] In the man's car. [D] By the side of a taxi.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] She is thirsty for promotion, [C] She is tired o f her present work.[B] She wants a much higher salary. [D] She wants to save travel expenses.24. [A] Translator. [C] Language instructor.[B] Travel agent. [D] Environmental engineer.25. [A] Lively personality and inquiring mind. [C] Devotion and work efficiency.[B] Communication skills and team spirit. [D] Education and experience.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] They care a lot about children. [C] They want to enrich their life experience.[B] They need looking after in their old age. [D] They want children to keep them company.27. [A] They are usually adopted from distant places.[B] Their birth information is usually kept secret.[C] Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.[D] Their adoptive parents don't want them to know their birth parents.28. [A] They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents.[B] They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents.[C] They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents.[D] They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search.29. [A] Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship.[B] Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas.[C] Understanding is the key to successful adoption.[D] Adoption has much to do with love.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] He suffered from mental illness. [C] He turned a failing newspaper into a success.[B] He bought The Washington Post. [D] He was once a reporter for a major newspaper.31. [A] She was the first woman to lead a big U.S. publishing company.[B] She got her first job as a teacher at the University of Chicago.[C] She committed suicide because of her mental disorder.[D] She took over her father's position when he died.32. [A] People came to see the role of women in the business world.[B] Katharine played a major part in reshaping Americans' mind.[C] American media would be quite different without Katharine.[D] Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] It'll enable them to enjoy the best medical care. [C] It'll protect them from possible financial crises.[B] It'll allow them to receive free medical treatment. [D] It'll prevent the doctors from overcharging them.34. [A] They can't immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost.[B] They have to go through very complicated application procedures.[C] They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages.[D] They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment.35. [A] They don't have to pay for the medical services.[B] They needn't pay the entire medical bill at once.[C] They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly.[D] They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have jest heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.More and more of the world's population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is (36) . Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries (37) two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.The (38) size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very (39) signs of trouble in the (40) of percentages of people living in towns and percentages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew as a result of the growth of industry. In Europe, the (41) of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the (42) working in factories. Now, however, the (43) is almostalways true in the newly industrialized world: (44)Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pay for their growth; (45) There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities. (46) , a growth in the number of hopeless and despairing parents and starving children.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.As war spreads to many comers of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education (47) . The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the (48) of peacemakers. The Children's Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children (49) as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The Schools of Peace.The classroom (50) opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with (51) , peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step(52) toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are(53) useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and (54) on starting a Kindness Campaign. The WorldCenters of Compassion for Children International call attention to children's rights and how to help the (55) of war. Starting a Peacemakers' Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the (56) school.A) victims I) forwardB) technology J) especiallyC) role K) entireD) respectively L) cooperativeE) projects M) comprehensiveF) offers N) assumingG) information O) actingH) imagesSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneIn this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-yoar-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to areputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn't win the contest again? That's the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.A revelation (启示) came last week when I asked her, "Don't you want to win again?" "No," she replied, "I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade."I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously ( 自发地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly "guided" by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter's experience.While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough a way to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) A lot of distractions compete for children's time nowadays.B) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities.C) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.D) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing.58. What did the author say about her own writing experience?A) She was constantly under pressure of writing more.B) Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers.C) She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.D) Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations.59. Why did Rebecca want to enter this year's writing contest?A) She had won a prize in the previous contest.B) She wanted to share her stories with readers.C) She was sure of winning with her mother's help.D) She believed she possessed real talent for writing.60. The author took great pains to refine her daughter's stories becauseA) she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dreams of becoming a writerB) she was afraid Rebecca's imagination might run wild while writingC) she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so muchD) she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance61. What's the author's advice for parents?A) Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions.B) Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in.C) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience.D) A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue.Passage TwoBy almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance leaning (DL), and among the larger schools, it's closer to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven't heard of the University ofPhoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there's the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.Clearly, from the schools' perspective, there's a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升级) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don't come to campus, the more school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there's evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won't be paid any more, and might well be paid less.62. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?A) It boasts the largest number of students on campus.B) All its courses are offered online.C) Its online courses are of the best quality.D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.63. According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by ______.A) a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instructionB) a considerable flexibility in its academic requirementsC) the great diversity of students' academic backgroundsD) the casual relationship between students and professors64. Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ______.A) save a great deal on traveling and boarding expensesB) select courses from various colleges and universitiesC) work on the required courses whenever and whereverD) earn their academic degrees with much less effort65. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students?A) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.B) There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.C) The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.D) Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.66. According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of ______.A) building up their reputationB) upgrading their teaching facilitiesC) providing convenience for studentsD) cutting down on their expensesPart ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state. Mood may be defined (67) a temporary and mild positive or negative feeling that is generalized and not tied (68) any particular circumstance. Moods should be (69) from emotions which are usually more intense, (70) to specific circumstances, and often conscious. (71) one sense, the effect of a consumer's mood can be thought of in (72) the same way as can our reactions to the (73) of our friends -- when our friends are happy and "up", that trends to influence us positively, (74) when they are "down", that can have a (75) impact on us. Similarly, consumers operating under a (76) mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激原因) in a direction (77) with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see (78) in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a (79) manner than they would when not in such a state. (80) , mood states appear capable of (81) a consumer's memory.Moods appear to be (82) influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and (83) of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the (84) of time spent in supermarkets or (85) to purchase products. In addition, advertising can influence consumers' moods which, in (86) , are capable of influencing consumer' reactions to products.67. A) with B) aboutC) as D) by68. A) up B) toC) under D) over69. A) divided B) derived。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版大学英语四级考试试题真题试卷一Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what war said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once: After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you maxi read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is, the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is mostlikely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) “At the office”is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) They went a long way to attend the party.B) They didn’t think much of the food and drinks.C) They knew none of the other guests at the party.D) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests.2. A) To the bookstore.B) To the dentist’s.C) To the market.D) To the post office.3. A) Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness.B) She disagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions.C) Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.D) She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician.4. A) Tom is usually talkative.B) Tom has a very bad temper.C) Tom has dozens of things to attend to.D) Tom is disliked by his colleagues.5. A) To pickup the woman from the library.B) To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C) To find out more about the topic for the seminar.D) To get the seminar schedule for the woman.6. A) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.B) The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore.C) The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore.D) The man doesn’t want to sell his textbooks to the woman.7. A) Attend a conference.B) Give a speech.C) Meet his lawyer.D) Make a business trip.8. A) Jessie always says what she thinks.B) Jessie seems to have a lot on her mind.C) Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss.D) Jessie should know the marketing director better.9. A) Helen is talkative.B) Helen is active.C) Helen is sociable.D) Helen is quiet.10.A) Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchwoman.B) Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house.C) Jimmy is not serious in making decisions.D) Jimmy’s words are often not reliable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.B) It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.C) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.D) It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds.12. A) People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.B) They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.C) They will become too hard to plough.D) People will find it hard to protect the soil.13. A) The farmers there have brought it under control.B) The factories there have found a good use for it.C) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.D) The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) A business corporation.B) The universe as a whole.C) A society of legal professionals.D) An association of teachers and scholars.15. A) Its largest expansion took place during that period.B) Its role in society went through a dramatic change.C) Small universities combined to form bigger ones.D) Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities.16. A) Private donations.B) Government funding.C) Grants from corporations.D) Fees paid by students.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) He was wounded in the Spanish civil war.B) He was interested in the study of wild animals.C) He started the organization Heifer International.D) He sold his cows to many countries in the world.18. A) To help starving families to become self-supporting.B) To make plans for the development of poor communities.C) To teach people how to use new skills to raise animals.D) To distribute food to the poor around the world.19. A) They should help other families the way they have been helped.B) They should offer all baby animals to their poor neighbors.C) They should submit a report of their needs and goals.D) They should provide food for the local communities.20. A) It has improved animal breeding skills all over the world.B) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.C) It has promoted international exchange of farming technology.D) It has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in America.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage oneDirections: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions at unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one-or two-page document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.●“Educational requirements differ from country to country. Inalmost every case of ‘cross-border’job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not bean adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.”●Pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your ‘oldest’work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format.”●If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient (收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as ‘tertiary education’in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.21. Companies are hiring more foreign employees because ________.A) they find foreign employees are usually more talentedB) they need original ideas from employees hired overseasC) they want to expand their business beyond home bordersD) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home22. The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas ________.A) is usually creative and full of initiativeB) aims to improve his foreign language skillsC) is dissatisfied with his own life at homeD) seeks either his own or his children’s development23. When it comes to resume writing, it is best to ________.A) take cultural factors into considerationB) learn about the company’s hiring processC) follow appropriate guidelines for job huntingD) know the employer’s personal likes and dislikes24. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to ________.A) stress their academic potential to impress the decision makerB) give the title of the university degree they have earned at homeC) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiencesD) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a ‘cross-border’career25. According to the author’s last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of ________.A) the different educational systems in the US and the UKB) the differences between the varieties of EnglishC) the recipient’s preference with regard to the formatD) the distinctive features of American and British culturesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices.She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.26. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is ________.A) troublesomeB) labor-savingC) rewardingD) expensive27. By saying “... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling...”(Lines 45, Para. 2). the author means that ________.A) girls will turn out to be less valuable than boysB) girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsC) girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachD) girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home28. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when ________.A) women care more about educationB) girls can gain equal access to educationC) a family has fewer but healthier childrenD) parents can afford their daughters’education29. What does the author say about women’s education?A) It deserves greater attention than other social issues.B) It is now given top priority in many developing countries.C) It will yield greater returns than other known investments.D) It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.30. The passage mainly discusses ________.A) unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB) the potential earning power of well-educated womenC) the major contributions of educated women to societyD) the economic and social benefits of educating women。

大学英语四级考试COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST- Band Four -得到监考老师指令前, 不得翻阅该试题册!Part 1 Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完毕该部分, 之后将进行听力考试)Directions.Fo.thi.part.yo.ar.allowe.3.minute.t.writ.a.essa.base.o.th.pictur.below.Yo.shoul.sta men.o.th.kid’.understandin.o.goin.t.sc hool.Yo.shoul.writ.a.leas.12.word.bu.n.mor.tha.18.words.请用黑色签字笔在答题卡1指定区域作答作文题, 在试题册上旳作答无效。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)Section ADirections.I.thi.section.yo.wil.hea..shor.conversation.an..lon.conversations.A.th.en.o.eac.conv ersation.on.o.mor.question.wil.b.aske.abou.wha.wa.said.Bot.th.conversatio.an.th.question.wi l.b.spoke.onl.once.Afte.eac.questio.ther.wil.b..pause.Durin.th.pause.yo.mus.rea.th.fou.choice. marke.A).B).C.an.D).an.decid.whic.i.th.bes.answer.The.mar.th.correspondin.lette.o.Answe.s hee..wit..singl.lin.throug.th.center.注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2024年英语四级考试真题及参考答案2024年英语四级考试真题及参考答案一、写作部分题目：随着互联网的普及，越来越多的人开始关注网络安全问题。

请根据以下图表，写一篇关于网络安全的文章。

图表：【参考范文】With the increasing popularity of the internet, cybersecurity has become a top concern for individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide. The graph above provides some revealing statistics about the severity of this issue.Firstly, the number of cybersecurity events is astounding, with over 950 million reported in 2024. This figure is alarming and highlights the ever-present threat of cybercrime, such as hacking, data breaches, and identity theft.Secondly, the chart shows that of these events, 3.2 billion involve the disclosure of personal sensitive information. This data points to the widespread abuse of personal information intoday's digital age, where sensitive details can be easily stolen and used for malicious purposes.Lastly, the average cost per event is significant, with an average loss of 50,000. This figure highlights the financial impact of cybersecurity incidents, which can quickly add up and cause significant damage to individuals and businesses.In conclusion, the graph demonstrates the magnitude of the cybersecurity problem facing our society today. With such high numbers, it is essential to prioritize cybersecurity measures to protect ourselves and our information from cybercriminals. Using strong passwords, updating software regularly, and being wary of suspicious links are just a few ways we can all contribute to cybersecurity. Furthermore, businesses and governments need to invest in robust security measures to safeguard valuable information and protect against theever-present threat of cyberattacks. Only through collective effort and awareness can we hope to tackle the growing cybersecurity challenge.二、听力部分【参考答案】1、B) They are more concerned about the quality of food than the wait time.2、A) He is stuck in a traffic jam.3、C) 2 hours.4、B) They are planning to go on a trip together.5、A) The man will drive her home.6、C) She wants to buy a new camera.7、A) The man will help her move her furniture tomorrow.8、B) They are both history majors.9、A) He likes to read books on science and technology.10、C) 200 pages.三、阅读部分【参考答案】1、B) They help to improve the soil quality and make it more suitable for planting.2、A) They help to reduce water evaporation and maintain soilmoisture.3、C) They help to maintain a healthy balance of microorganisms in the soil.4、D) They help to prevent soil erosion and protect topsoil.5、B) They can be grown in a wide range of soil types and conditions.6、A) They are particularly suitable for growing in sandy soils.7、C) They can withstand drought conditions better than other plant species.8、D) They have adapted to survive in environments with high salinity levels.9、B) They provide a valuable source of food and feed for livestock during the winter months.10、A) They are rich in nutrients and considered highly nutritious.四、翻译部分【参考答案】1、The new bridge has significantly reduced travel time across the river, saving commuters precious time.2、The company's commitment to innovation has helped it stay ahead of its competitors in the rapidly developing technology industry.3、The teacher wrote the lesson on the board while the students took notes in their notebooks.4、He cut the rope that tied the package to the tree, retrieving the mysterious gift hidden inside.5、She turned on the faucet, and hot water poured out, relieving her tiredness after a long day of work.2024年英语专业四级考试真题及答案2024年英语专业四级考试真题及答案一、听写题在英语专业四级考试中，听写题是一项重要的考察内容。

大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一（含答案）There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二（含答案）The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may betypical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％答案：cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之三（含答案）Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here atthe University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之四（含答案）Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in thelate 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之五（含答案）The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control theseprocedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之六（含答案）As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves thesame response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之七（含答案）In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses andtraveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案：abdcb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之八（含答案）There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain heis born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbcc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之九（含答案）As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十（含答案）If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of V enus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there. Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十一（含答案）What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue. Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.1."You would rather follow than red" means_______.a.you don't like to follow othersb.you would be a member rather than a leaderc.you would be afraid of following othersd.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.a.red to yellowb.blue to orangec.red to greyd.blue to yellow3."They tell us, among other facts,that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up."。

大学英语四级真题试卷及答案文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A)The International Labor Organization’s key objective.B)The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C)Rising unemployment worldwide.D)Global economic recovery.2. A)Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.B)Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis.C)Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis.D)Many countries nee d support to improve their people’s livelihood.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A)Serve standardized food nationwide.B)Put calorie information on the menu.C)Increase protein content in the food.D)Offer convenient food to customers.4. A)They will be fined.B)They will be closed.C)They will get a warning.D)They will lose customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A)Inability to implement their business plans.B)Inability to keep turning out novel products.C)Lack of a successful business model of their own.D)Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. A)It is the secret to business success.B)It is the creation of something new.C)It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D)It is an essential part of business culture.7. A)Its hardworking employees.B)Its flexible promotion strategy.C)Its innovation culture.D)Its willingness to make investments.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions.Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)He’s got addicted to technology.B)He is not very good at socializing.C)He is crazy about text-messaging.D)He does not talk long on the phone.9. A)Talk big.B)Talk at length.C)Gossip a lot.D)Forget herself.10. A)He thought it was cool.B)He needed the practice.C)He wanted to stay connected with them.D)He had an urgent message to send.11. A)It poses a challenge to seniors.B)It saves both time and money.C)It is childish and unprofessional.D)It is cool and convenient.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A)He wants to change his job assignment.B)He is unhappy with his department manager.C)He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.D)He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.13. A)His workload was much too heavy.B)His immediate boss did not trust him.C)His colleagues often refused to cooperate.D)His salary was too low for his responsibility.14. A)He never knows how to refuse.B)He is always ready to help others.C)His boss has a lot of trust in him.D)His boss has no sense of fairness.15. A)Put all his complaints in writing.B)Wait and see what happens next.C)Learn to say no when necessary.D)Talk to his boss in person first.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)The importance of sleep to a healthy life.B)Reasons for Americans’ decline in sleep.C)Some tips to improve the quality of sleep.D)Diseases associated with lack of sleep.17. A)They are more health-conscious.B)They are changing their living habits.C)They get less and less sleep.D)They know the dangers of lack of sleep.18. A)Their weight will go down.B)Their mind function will deteriorate.C)Their work efficiency will decrease.D)Their blood pressure will rise.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A)How much you can afford to pay.B)What course you are going to choose.C)Which university you are going to apply to.D)When you are going to submit your application.20. A)The list of courses studied.B)The full record of scores.C)The references from teachers.D)The personal statement.21. A)Specify what they would like to do after graduation.B)Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying.C)Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.D)Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A)It was equipped with rubber tyres.B)It was built in the late 19th century.C)It was purchased by the Royal family.D)It was designed by an English engineer.23. A)They consumed lots of petrol.B)They took two passengers only.C)They were difficult to drive.D)They often broke down.24. A)They were produced on the assembly line.B)They were built with less costly materials.C)They were modeled after British cars.D)They were made for ordinary use.25. A)It made news all over the world.B)It was built for the Royal family.C)It marked a new era in motor travel.D)It attracted large numbers of motorists.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growingevidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and betterscores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies thatlooked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigatorsfound that the more children moved, the better their grades werein school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend moretime in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning.And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2024年大学英语四级考试真题2024 University English Test Level Four (CET-4) is a language proficiency test in China. It is designed to assess non-English majors' ability to use English in listening, reading, writing, and translation.Listening Section1. You will hear a series of dialogues and monologues. Listen carefully and answer the multiple-choice questions.2. Pay attention to details such as key words, numbers, and names.3. Practice listening to different accents and speeds of English speakers to improve your comprehension.Reading Section1. Skim the passage to get the main idea before reading in detail.2. Pay attention to the context to understand the meanings of unfamiliar words.3. Practice reading a variety of texts to improve your reading speed and accuracy.Writing Section1. Plan your essay before writing to organize your ideas effectively.2. Use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to demonstrate your language skills.3. Proofread your essay to check for grammar and punctuation errors.Translation Section1. Pay attention to the context and cultural differences when translating between English and Chinese.2. Use idiomatic expressions and collocations to convey the meaning accurately.3. Practice translating a variety of texts to improve your translation skills.Overall Preparation Tips1. Start preparing early and allocate time for each section of the test.2. Practice regularly with past test papers and online resources.3. Seek feedback from teachers or language tutors to improve your skills.In conclusion, the 2024 University English Test Level Four (CET-4) requires a comprehensive understanding of English language skills. By practicing regularly and following the above tips, test takers can improve their chances of success. Good luck to all aspiring English learners!。

大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第三套)Part I Writing (30minutes)Part I Directions :Suppose your university is seeking students'opinions on whethe university canteens should be open to the public.You are now to write an essay to express your view.You will have 30minutes for the task.You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.I Listening Comprehension (25minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,thereis a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Over the coming decades,millions of jobs will be threatened by robotics and artificial intelligence.Despite intensive academic 26_on these developments,there has been little study on how workers 27_to being replaced through technologyTo find out,business researchers at TUM and Erasmus University Rotterdam conducted 11studies and surveys with over 2,000persons from several countries.The findings show:In principle,most people view it more 28when workers are replaced by other people than by robots or intelligent software.This preference 29_,however,when it refers to people's own jobs When that is the case,the majority of workers find it less upsetting to see their own jobs go to robots than to other employees.In the long term,however,the same people see machines as more threatening to their future role in the workforce.These effects can also be observed among people who have recently become unemployed.The researchers were able to identify the causes behind these 30paradoxica results,too:Peopletend to 31_themselves less with machines than with other people.Consequently,being replaced by a robotor so ftware 32less of a threat to their feeling of self-worth.This reduced self-threat could even be observedwhe n participants assumed that they were being replaced by other employees who relied on technological abilities such as artificial intelligence in their work.“Even when unemployment results from the 33of new technologies,people still judge it in a social context,”says Christoph Fuchs,one of the authors of the study.“It is important to understand these 34effects when trying to manage the massive changes in the working world to minimize 35in society.”19·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·A)compareB)contradictsC)conventionalD)debateE)disruptionsF)drasticallyG)favorablyH)guarantee I)introduction J)modifications K)posesL)psychological M)reactN)reverses O)seeminglySection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet2.No escape as'snow day'becomes fe-learning day’A)Certain institutions,such as schools,are likely to close when bad weather,such as snow,flooding or extreme heat or cold,causes travel difficulties,power outages(断供),or otherwise endangers public safety.When snowy weather arrives in the US,it means the chance of school children benefiting from the long-standing tradition of the“snow day”,when schools are forced to close and students get an unexpected day off.B)The criterion for a snow day is primarily the inability of school buses to operate safely on their routes and danger to children who walk to school.Often,the school remains officially open even though buses do not run and classes arecanceled.Severe weather that causes cancellation or delayis more likely in regions that are less able to handle the situation.Snow days are less common in more northern areas of the United States that are used to heavy winter snowfall,because municipalities are well equipped to clear roads and remove snow.In areas less accustomed to snow even small snowfalls of an inch ortwo may render roads unsafe. C)Snow days are a familiar theme in American film and TV shows,with children getting the good news and then running outside for some seasonal snowman-building and snowball throwing,against a background ofjoyful pop music.But the tradition is now over for pupils in several US states such as South Carolina, Nevada,Georgia and Indiana.This academic year,many school boards have introduced policies which require students to work from home if the school is shut by snow or extreme weather.They are known as “e-learning days”,which certainly sounds less fun than a snow day.D)Teachers are also losing their snow days and instead will be expected to be on hand to take a virtual register and answer students'questions online.A pilot programme in a school district in Anderson County,South Carolina,has supplied students with electronic tablets loaded with assignments to complete in the event of a school closure.If it is successful,it could be rolled out across the state.E)But some parents object to the new policy if the vigorous debate on the Facebook page of Anderson County school district is anything to go by.“When it snows,let the kids enjoy it,”said one commenter.Another said the decision would“ruin school even more”,and someone else called snow days“a fun part of childhood”. But supporters of the policy say it means children will miss fewer days of school.It will also bring to an end a less popular US high school tradition:the“make-up day”,which requires students in many states to make up the time lost due to weatherby working during school holidays.·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·20F)Students in North Carolina already have several make-up days scheduled because of school closures duringHurricane Florence,which struck in September.Tom Wilson,the superintendent(主管)of Anderson County school district,said the change away from snow days makes practical and financial sense.He said technology has changed every profession,so it makes sense to use it to“eliminate”make-up days.Adam Baker of the Department of Education in Indiana said e-learning days were proving a“great success”.He said most Indiana schools already use digital devices during lessons,so it was an“easy decision”to extend this to days when schools are closed.He denies the decision is depriving children of the chance to enjoy the snow.“Students are still able to enjoy snow days and outside time,”he said.“Many have PE and science assignments that have them out enjoying the weather.”But local school superintendents in Ohio are resisting proposals to adopt e-learning days.They fear that students without internet access at home will be disadvantaged by the policy,and superintendent Tom Roth is concerned that e-learning days will offer a lower quality of education.G)There are also so-called“blizzard bags”,with assignments that children take home ahead of an expected snowclosure.But Mr Roth says it is not sufficient as a replacement.“I think we still need the class time to give our kids the education that they deserve,”he said.“Youcan't get that with a blizzard bag or doing the work from home like that.It's not going to be as effective.”H)There is a long-running debate on whether missing days of school affects attainment.In England,there hasbeen a focus on tackling absenteeism(旷课)from school.The Department for Education(DFE)published research in2016arguing that missing any days at school could have a negative impact on results.Even a few days lost in a year could be enough to miss out on getting a good exam grade,the DFE's research concluded.This differed from the findings of a study from Harvard University in the US,which concluded that missing a few occasional days because of the weather did not damage learning.I)The Harvard study examined seven years of school results data and could not find any impact from snowclosures.What caused moredisruption was when schools tried to stay open in bad weather,even though many staff and pupils were absent.But weather can make a difference to school results,according to another piece of Harvard research published last summer.It's hot weather that has the negative impact.The results of 10million school students were examined over13years and researchers found a“significant”link between years with extremely hotweather and lower results.J)It's obvious that students should go to school every day to get the most out of education.In cases of extreme weather students don't always have that option.However,research shows that authorised absences from school such as during extreme weather are less problematic for students than absences that are not authorised.This is because unauthorised absences tend to reflect patterns and behaviours of student disengagement,or the possible negative attitudes of parents towards education that students adopt and carry with them through schooling.The level of impact on students'educational performance is all to do with the length of time that a student is absent from school and how regularly this occurs.36.There is opposition to the practice of giving children assignments to take home before extreme weather forcesa school closure.37.New policies adopted by many US schools require students to do online learning at home in case of a schoolclosure38.According to some research,extreme hot weather negatively affects students'performance.39.There is a time-honoured tradition in the US for school kids to stay at home on“snow days”.21·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·40.Debates on social media show some parents are opposed to ending the“snowday”tradition.41.In more northern regions of the US,school is less likely to be affected by snowy weather.42.Research indicates absences from school with permission do not cause as many problems as those withoutpermission.43.There is objection to e-learning days owing to fear that students with no access to the Internet at home willsuffer44.In a pilot programme,students are given electronic devices to doassignments when schools areclosed.45.A long-standing debate is going on over the impact of school absences on students'academic performance.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.It may sound surprising,but you don't have to be interested in fashion,or even in history,to enjoy Dress Codes:How the Laws of Fashion Made History.I happen to be interested in both,and ended up enjoying the book for completely different reasons.Richard Thompson Ford is a law professor,and you probably won't forget that for even one page.His carefully reasoned arguments,packed with examples,sound almost like reading a court opinion,only maybe wordier.You will probably never think of fashion as a trifle again.Ford's thesis is that the best way to understand what particular fashions meant in any given era is to look at the restrictions placed on them.Through this lens,he shows us that the first laws passed in the1200s to ensure that only the nobility were allowed to wear certain fabrics,colors and ornaments reflected the rise of the middle class,who were now able to imitate some of these fashions.The status of the upper classes was threatened; fashion was a tool to preserve it.Ford takes the reader through the evolution of fashion while examining the underlying motivations of status sex,power,and personality,which,he assumes,influenced all innovations in fashion in the past and which continue to influence us today.His writing is more than alittle dense—dense with research,clauses,and precise adjectives and nouns.But there's also humor and enough interesting episodes to make the writing appealing.No one is spared his sharp analysis:not the easy targets of19th century women's crippling(伤害身体的)fashions nor the modern uniforms of Silicon Valley T-shirts.But the greatest strength of this book(on fashion!)is its intellectual profoundness.Ford asks us to question unconscious beliefs,to realize thatwe almost never do so,to understand that the simplest choices are charged with meaning,and yet that meaning can and does change all thetime.Consider the fact that a1918catalog insisted that boys and girls be dressed in the appropriate color.We believe our thinking today is evolved;Ford shows us it's not.46.What does the author think of the book Dress Codes:How the Laws of Fashion Made History?A)It is read by people for entirely different reasonsB)It is meant for those interested in fashion history·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·22C)It makes enjoyable as well as informative reading.D)It converts fashion into something for deliberation.47.How can people best understand a particular fashion in an era,according to Ford?A)By examining the restraints imposed on it.C)By glancing at its fabrics,colors and ornaments.B)By looking at what the nobility were wearing.D)By doing a survey of the upper and middle classes.48.What was the aim of the first laws passed regarding fashion in the1200s?A)To facilitate the rise of the middle class C)To help initiate some novel fashions.B)To loosen restrictions on dress codes.D)To preserve the status of the nobles.49.What does the author think of Ford's writing?A)It uses comparison and contrast in describing fashions of different erasB)It makes heavy reading but is not lacking in humor or appealC)It is filled with interesting episodes to spare readers intolerable boredom.D)It is characteristic of academics in presenting arguments.50.What does the author say is the greatest strength of Ford's book?A)Plentiful information.B)Meaningful choices.C)Evolved thinkingD)Intellectual depthPassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the followingpassage.The art of persuasion means convincing others to agree with your point of view or to follow your course of action.For some ofus,persuasion is an instinctive quality and the power of influencing comes naturally.For the rest of us,persuasion skills can be learned and developed over time.Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance.Besides,teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done.Without persuasion skills,employees may not be as committed to or convinced of the importance of an organization's vision and long-term mission.Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas,it'll also help you motivate them to achieve a common goal.In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace,you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements.Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion,but logic and reasoning are just as important.Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal,you should help them understand why they should pursue ing visual aids to back up your ideas can help communicate your ideas better and make compelling arguments so your listeners will come to a logical choice and become fully committed to your ideas and plans.Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people.In order to sustain thoserelationships,you must be able to work in their best interests as well.Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed alongside you.The more they achieve and the greaterprogress they make,the more they trust your judgement and strength.We persuade and get persuaded every day—we're either convincing or being convinced.A vast majority of people prefer collaboration and teamwork over traditional organizational structures;no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around.Therefore,organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes.23·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·51.What does the author say about the ability to be persuasive in the first paragraph?A)People may either be born with it or be able to cultivate it.B)It proves crucial in making others follow one's course of action.C)It refers to the natural and instinctive power of influencing one's coworkers.D)People may view it as both a means to convince others and an art of communication.52.Why are persuasion skills greatly valued in the workplace?A)They enable employees to be convinced oftheir long-term gains.B)They enable employees to trust their leaders unconditionally.C)They help motivate coworkers to strive for a common goal.D)They help an organization to broaden its vision effectively.53.What should people do to learn the art of persuasion atthe workplace?A)Acquire effective communication skills.C)Understand the reason for pursuing their goalsB)Avoid getting involved in conflicts with others.D)Commit themselves fully to their ideas and plans54.When are you more likely to succeed in persuading your coworkers?A)When they are convinced you work in their interests while sacrificing your own.B)When they become aware of the potential strength of the judgements you make.C)When they become aware of the meaningful relationships you keep with them.D)When they are convinced they will make achievements together with you.55.Why are organizations and leaders advised to adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessarychanges?A)To convince employees of the value of collaboration.B)To allow for the preferences of most people of todayC)To improve on traditional organizational structuresD)To adapt to employees'ever-changing working styles.PartIV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.汉语中的“福”字(the character fu)表示幸福和好运，是中国传统文化中最常用的吉祥(auspicious符号之一。