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Unit 2Book 2 Culture and TraditionThink and Discuss Viewing the WorldExploring the ThemeAnalytical ListeningSharing Your IdeasEngagingFurther ListeningC ontentUnit 2 Culture and TraditionT hink and Discuss1.Look at the photo. What do youknow about cowboys?2.In which countries do cowboyslive and work?A cowboy and a cowgirlherding horses in Oregon,U.S.AQuestionsQuestions1.Look at the photo. What do you know about cowboys?Example AnswersI know that cowboys ride horses, and their job is to takecare of cows, or cattle. Many cowboys work on ranches,which are farms where cattle and other animals are raised.Questions2.In which countries do cowboys live and work?Example AnswersCowboys live and work in North and South America, from Canada and the U.S.A. to Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, etc.国际交流英语视听说Culture and TraditionUnit 2E xploring the ThemeCulture and Tradition Look at the photos and read the captions. Then discuss the questions.1.Where do these people live?2.How are these people similar?3.What are some cultures that interest you? Why?4.What are some things that make your own culture special?An Argentine gaucho, or cowboy, herdsblack cattle through a field.Culture and TraditionIn Japan, geishas are female entertainers. The wordgeisha means “art person”. Geishas spend a lot of time studying how to perform traditional Japanese music and dances.Culture and TraditionCulture and Tradition The Sherpa people live in Array the Himalayan region. Theword Sherpa means “easternpeople”. The word Sherpaniis used for female Sherpas.guides and help peopleclimb mountains,particularly MountQomolangma.The Roma people lived in India before they moved to Europe. Today,there are many Roma people living in Romania, Hungary, and otherEuropean countries. When Roma children go to a school where people speak a different language, they often stop speaking their Roma language. Scientists estimate that 3,000 languages might disappear in the next 100 years as people stop speaking their native languages.Culture and TraditionCulture and TraditionAborigines are the original people of Australia. There are many different groups of Aborigines living there. Each group has its own language, culture, and customs.In the United States, the Navajo Indians still do their traditional dances, and many speak both the Navajo language and English.Culture and TraditionGauchos are cowboys from Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Gauchos’ work involves moving herds of cattle from one place to another.Culture and TraditionCulture and Traditiongeisha: a woman who works as a traditional Japanese entertainer. Geishas are trained in traditional Japanese arts including singing, dancing, as well as conversation and games. 日本艺妓Culture and TraditionSherpa: a member of an ethnic group living in the Himalayan region. The Sherpas are best-known for their work as expert mountaineers and porters (行李搬运工) who take expeditionsup the mountains in the Himalayas. 夏尔巴人gypsy:a name used to describe a member of the Roma ethnic group. The name comes from a mistaken historical belief that they were Egyptian in origin. The Roma have several different languages and cultures. Most Roma live in Europe, though there are Roma populations in North and South America. 吉卜赛人Culture and TraditionAborigine:a name used to describe people who are historically native to a region. The best-known example is the people who lived in Australia before European settlers arrived. The term “indigenous person” has the same meaning and is usually considered more acceptable. 澳大利亚土著居民Culture and TraditionNavajo Indian: a member of a tribe of native American Indians in the U.S.A. Many Navajo live in the Navajo Reservation ( 纳瓦霍印第安人居留地) which occupies parts of the states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. The Navajo people are famous for their traditional arts and crafts, including weaving and silver jewelry. 纳瓦霍印第安人Culture and Traditiongaucho:a person who rides a horse and works with cattle in parts of South America. Gauchos are famous for their rugged ( 吃苦耐劳的) and independent lifestyle. 加乌乔牧人Culture and TraditionCulture and Tradition 1.Where do these people live?Example AnswersGeishas live in Japan.The Sherpa people live in the Himalayan region.The Roma people live in Romania, Hungary, and other European countries.Aborigines live in Australia.The Navajo Indians live in the United States.Gauchos live in Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay.Culture and Tradition 2. How are these people similar?Example AnswersThese people represent old cultural traditions in the placeswhere they live. They also represent smaller culturalgroups—not huge populations.Culture and Tradition 3. What are some cultures that interest you? Why?Example Answers• I’m interested in the Hawaiian culture because I think huladancing is beautiful and the Hawaiian Islands are verybeautiful.• I’m interested in the Sami people of Scandinavia because they herd reindeer, their culture and language are very old,and their customs are disappearing quickly.• I’m interested in the culture of Sri Lanka because it has been influenced by several ethnic groups, including theSinhalese (僧伽罗人), Tamil (泰米尔人), etc.Culture and Tradition 4. What are some things that make your own culture special?Example AnswersMy own culture, Chinese culture, is special because it is soancient. Its history goes back thousands of years. Chineseculture is also special because China covers such a largegeographical area, and Chinese food, customs, andlanguages have traveled to many places, includingSingapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia, to name a few.国际交流英语视听说A nalytical ListeningUnit 2Culture and TraditionRobb Kendrick 罗布·肯德里克（人名）Tyrel Tucker 蒂雷尔· 塔克（人名）ranch n. 大牧场Wyoming 怀俄明州（美国西部州）Manuel Rodriguez 曼努埃尔·罗德里格斯（人名）Coahuila 科阿韦拉州（墨西哥东北部州）La Mora Ranch 拉莫拉农场Listening 1Listening 1vaquero: a Spanish word used to describe a man who rides a horse and works with cattle. The vaquero style of working with cattle came historically from Spain to Mexico and spread to California, New Mexico, and Texas in the U.S.A. 牧牛人charro: a kind of traditional cowboy from Mexico. Thecharros are best-known for their colorful hats and clothes, and for their traditional Mexican rodeos （牛仔竞技表演）, called charreadas . 墨西哥牛仔Listening 1Prior Knowledge. Discuss the questions with a partner.Before Listening Listening 11.What do you know about cowboys’ lifestyle?2.Besides North America, do you know of any other regions that have cowboys? What arethey called in those places?Cowboy still work onranches in the westernUnited StatesListening 11.What do you know about cowboys’ lifestyle?Example AnswersThe lifestyles of cowboys involve being away from home for long periods, riding horses, and living and working with cattle outdoors.Listening 12. Besides North America, do you know of any other regions that have cowboys? What are they called in those places?Example AnswersBesides North America, there are cowboys called gauchos who live in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Other cowboys called paniolos live in Hawaii, and vaqueros live in Mexico.A |Listening for Main Ideas.Listen to the first part of the lecture and check(√) the main idea you hear.A LectureListening Listening 1☐The last cowboys disappeared a long time ago.☐Fewer young people want to be cowboys because of the money matters.☐In some parts of the world, there are still traditionalcowboy customs.√Listening 1Professor Daley: OK, so let’s continue. A lot of people today think that the last cowboys disappeared a long time ago. It’s true that there are fewer cowboys today, and the cowboy way of life is endangered. Money is a big factor here. Cowboys usually don’t make a lot of money for all the hard work they do, so fewer young people today want to be cowboys—it’s not an easy lifestyle. Even so, in some parts of the world, cowboys still ride their horses, watch the cattle, and practice traditional cowboy customs.B | Listening for Details.Listen to the entire lecture and complete the notes about the two cowboys.Listening 1•________ years old when the photo was taken•got his first horse when he was_________________•one winter, he worked alone with his_______________ on a ranch •took care of _________ cattle •lived in a shack with no ___________•_____________ the work Tyrel Tucker18two years old older brother2,300electricity enjoyedListening 1 •started working with his father whenhe was _______________•_________ generations of his familyhave worked on the same ranch•got ____________ and moved to thecity•wants to ______________ to thecountryside and work as a vaquero again Manuel RodriguezB| Listening for Details.Listen to the entire lecture and complete the notes about the two cowboys.four years oldfourmarriedmove backC| Making Inferences. Read the statements. Then listen again and check (√) T for true or F for false. The statements are not in the professor’s exact words. You need to think about what you hear.Listening 11. Tyrel liked school.2. Tyrel and his brother ate a healthy diet.3. Both Tyrel and Manuel would be very unhappy living in a big city.4. The two men want to get better jobs.T F ☐☐☐☐☐☐☐☐Listening 1Example Answers1. F (He was happy to leave school at the age of 17.)2. F (They ate the same few foods every day, and didn’t eatvegetables or fruits.)3. T4. F (Tyrel enjoys cowboy work, and Manuel plans to work as acowboy again after his first child is born.)Listening 1D| Discussion. Read the questions. Then listen again and discuss the questions with your partner.1. When did the cowboy tradition start in Mexico? Why?2. Who did the Mexican vaqueros used to work for?3. What did the Mexican vaqueros wear? For whatreasons did they wear those clothes?4. Which part of America did the Mexican cowboys firstmoved into?5. How many kinds of cowboys are there in Mexico today?What are they?Listening 11.When did the cowboy tradition start in Mexico? Why?Example AnswersThe cowboy tradition in Mexico started in the 1600sbecause Spanish people brought cattle to the NewWorld. Workers are needed to take care of the cattle.Listening 1 2. Who did the Mexican vaqueros used to work for?Example AnswersThe Mexican vaqueros used to work for people whoowned big ranches.Listening 13. What did the Mexican vaqueros used to work for?Example AnswersThe Mexican vaqueros used to wear big hats to keep the sun off their faces and high boots to protect their legs.Listening 1 4. Which part of America did the Mexican cowboys firstmoved into?Example AnswersThe Mexican cowboys first moved into Texas in the southern U.S.A.Listening 15. How many kinds of cowboys are there in Mexico today?What are they?Example AnswersThere are two kinds of cowboys in Mexico today. Onekind, called charros, ride horses and compete in sports.The other kind, called vaqueros, work with cattle on the ranches.Critical Thinking.Form a group with two or three other students. Discuss the questions.Listening 1After Listening 1. Why do you think Robb Kendrick used an old kind of camera for his pictures?2. What kinds of people want to be cowboys now?3. Why do you think they like the cowboy’s way of life?4. Would you like this way of life? Why or why not?5. Are there cowboys in China? If yes, what is their way of life like?Listening 11. Why do you think Robb Kendrick used an old kind of camera for his pictures?Example AnswersRob Kendrick used an old camera probably becausecowboy work is an old tradition, and Kendrick wantedthe photos to look old-fashioned, not modern.Listening 1 2. What kinds of people want to be cowboys now?Example AnswersPeople who want to be cowboys now probably likeanimals and enjoy working outdoors, and they don’t expect to make a lot of money or live in luxury.Listening 1 3. Why do you think they like the cowboy’s way of life?Example AnswersThey probably like the cowboy’s way of life because they have a love for freedom.Listening 1 4. Would you like this way of life? Why or why not?Example Answer 1Yes, because I’d like to seek a life of loneliness in the wild nature. I also like freedom and enjoy workingoutdoors, so the cowboy lifestyle would work for me.Listening 14. Would you like this way of life? Why or why not?Example Answer 1No, because it’s important to me to earn enough money to save and invest. I need to live with my family, so the cowboy lifestyle wouldn’t work for me.。
Unit 2 EconomicsI Teaching ObjectivesAfter learning Unit 2, students (Ss) are expected to develop the following academic skills and knowledge:II Teaching Activities and ResourcesReadingText ALead-inTeaching StepsAsk Ss to work in pairs and do the task in Lead-in. Then invite several Ss to share their answers with the whole class.Answer Keys1.The invisible hand.2.Our economic life is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of totalstrangers.The activities of countless far-flung men and women have to be intricately choreographed and precisely timed. However, no one coordinates it, and yet they do cooperate. It’s “the invisible hand” —the mysterious power that leads innumerable people, each working for his own gain, to promote ends that benefit many. Out of the seeming chaos of millions of uncoordinated private transactions emerges the spontaneousText AnalysisTeaching Steps1.OverviewAsk Ss to preview Text A before class. Or, allocate some time for Ss to read the text quickly in class. Then invite several Ss to summarize the main idea of Text A.2.In-Depth Analysis1)Show Ss the following words and ask them to contribute to the class as muchas possible with what they know about these words. Provide additional information in Supplementary Information when necessary.•the invisible hand•free-market economy•economic downturn•An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations2)Explain some important language points in Language Support to Ss.3)Discuss with Ss the invisible hand in the author’s eyes by doing Task 1 inCritical reading and thinking.4)Organize a group discussion about the questions from Task 2 in Criticalreading and thinking. Encourage Ss to think independently, critically and creatively and share their ideas with each other.Supplementary Information1.free-market economyIn a free market economy, the laws and forces of supply and demand, rather than a central government, regulate production and labor. The prices for goods and services are self-regulated by buyers and sellers negotiating in an open market.Most companies and resources are not owned by the state. Instead, they are owned by private individuals or entities who are free to trade contracts with each other. 2.economic downturnAn economic downturn is a general slowdown in economic activity over a sustained period of time. It occurs when the value of stocks, property, and commodities fall, productivity either grows more slowly or declines, and GDP shrinks, stands still or expands more slowly. It can happen in a specific region (e.g.the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s) or on a global scale (e.g. the global financial crisis in the late 2000s). The main features of an economic downturn include rising unemployment, falling share and house prices, low consumer confidence and declining investment.4．An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations（《国富论》）An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is Adam Smith’s masterpiece. It was first published in 1776, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in economics. Through reflection over the economics at the beginning of theIndustrial Revolution, the book touches upon broad topics such as the division of labor, productivity and free markets.Language Support1.Individual buyers and sellers will act according to what is in their own bestinterests. (Para. 2)The phrase “in one’s interest” means “for one’s benefit or advantage”（为了……的利益；为……着想）. There are some relevant expressions, such as “in the interest of one”, “in one’s own interest”, and “in one’s best interest”.e.g. It’s obviously in their interest to increase profits.I suspect it’s in your own best interest to quit now.2.Customers are likewise typically looking out for their self-interests. (Para. 4)The word “likewise” is used to signal a comparison that explains how things are similar（同样的；此外）.e.g. In this episode, we will likewise deal with another extremely commonquestion.Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.Other special words and expressions are often used to signal the comparison of two or more people, places, things, ideas, etc. Here are some examples of these signposts for your reference:similarly, both, just as, and also, resemble, parallel, in the same manner, inthe same way, alike, equally3.The market becomes more efficient as buyers and sellers move in the samedirection—as if directed by an invisible hand. (Para. 5)这里的as if用于省略句。
