芬兰国家介绍讲义83页PPT

芬兰国家概况介绍：芬兰共和国（芬兰语：Suomen tasavalta，瑞典语：Republiken Finland），简称芬兰（芬兰语：Suomi，瑞典语：Finland），位于欧洲北部，北欧五国之一，与瑞典、挪威、俄罗斯接壤，南临芬兰湾，西濒波的尼亚湾。

国土总面积33.8万平方公里，海岸线长1100公里，内陆水域面积占全国面积的10%，有岛屿约17.9万个，湖泊约18.8万个，有“千湖之国”之称。

芬兰冬季严寒漫长，夏季温和短暂，全国1/3的土地在北极圈内。

芬兰地势北高南低，北部曼塞耳基亚丘陵海拔200～700米，中部为200～300米的冰碛丘陵，沿海地区为海拔50米以下的平原。

南北最长距离达1157公里，东西最宽为542公里。

芬兰拥有世界上纬度第二高的首都赫尔辛基，仅次于冰岛首都雷克雅维克。

芬兰被誉为“千湖之国”，内陆水域面积占全国面积的10%，有岛屿约17.9万个，湖泊约18.8万个。

芬兰地势平坦，拉普兰北部地区位于芬兰、挪威边界的哈尔蒂亚峰（Haltitunturi）海拔1328米，为芬兰最高点。

芬兰最长的河流是凯米河（Kemijoki），长512公里。

岛屿大多在西南部以及芬兰半岛南岸地区，著名的有奥兰群岛。

芬兰冬季严寒漫长，夏季温和短暂，全国1/3的土地在北极圈内，其余部分属于温带海洋性气候。

从南至北，1月平均气温约-4～-16℃；7月气温16～13℃。

年降水量约400～600毫米（三分之一为霰和雪）。

芬兰是一个高度发达的资本主义国家，也是一个高度工业化、自由化的市场经济体，芬兰是欧盟成员国之一，但人均GDP远高于欧盟平均水平，与其邻国瑞典相当。

国民享有极高标准的生活品质，芬兰政府公务员清廉高效，并且在社会形成广泛共识。

监督世界各国腐败行为的非政府组织“透明国际”公布2012年全球清廉指数报告，在176个国家和地区中，芬兰名列第一，为最清廉国家。

[1] 2019年2月，2018年全球幸福指数出炉，芬兰排名第一。

F inland 英文介绍芬兰If you want toGet off the beaten track of traditional European tourist attractionsYou need to hideYou want to do something that your friends haven ’t doneYou’re bored of crowded placesYou want to see SantaYou want to experience clean nature (while the world still has it)You like to have fun in the snowAbout FinlandFinland is a land of interesting contrasts, such as the four seasons, the Midnight Sun and the winter darkness, urban and rural, East and West.As you look out from the plane, the first impression you may have is that there are a lot of trees ⋯an endless carpet of forest, with many lakes and small towns in between. It ’s kind of a surprise when you land in Helsinki to find that the airport is so modern and efficient. Not a polar bear in sight.It ’s truly amazing how uniquely exotic 异国的each season can be. Four times a year, nature changes its uniform completely –colour, light, temperature, sounds and smells. Everything changes in a way that happens nowhere else.The Finns are also considered to be cool – a bit quiet and reserved. However, they are actually warm, friendly, hospitable and especially honest people once you get to know them and we encourage you to do just that.Finland at a glanceSANTA CLAUSEveryone knows that Santa –the one and only –comes from Finland. Although the exact location of his privateretreat in Korvatunturi, Lapland, is unknown, his official hometown is Rovaniemi, where he greets visitors all yearround.NATIONAL PARKSThere are 37 national parks in Finland, covering a total surface area of 8,150 square kilometres. In Europe ’s most forested country –about 70% of Finland is covered with trees –with tens of thousands of lakes and beautiful archipelago, national parks provide some of the most amazing opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking,camping, canoeing and skiing.SKI RESORTSThere are around 75 ski resorts in Finland, most of them small spots near cities and villages. The big ones, however,lie in the fells of Lapland and offer something very different from the usual European ski resorts. The surrounding landscapes are unspoilt, blanketed with pure snow from December to April. In the early winter the slopes are lit, lateron in the spring the sun shines until very late in the evening.LAKESFinland is often called the Land of a Thousand Lakes – a modest name, considering that there are, in fact, 188 000 lakes in the country. From the metropolitan area around Helsinki all the way up to the great Lake Inari in Lapland,Finland is filled with oases of the clean blue. Where Inari is known for its deep and crystal clear waters, LakeSaimaa’s ringed seal, one of the most endangered species in the world, is the country ’s largest lake ’s most memorable attraction. A lakeside cottage is an essential part of Finnish summer.SAUNASSauna –the word itself is Finnish –forms a great part of our country ’s heritage and culture. It is estimated thatthere are over two million saunas in Finland. For a population of 5.3 million, this equals to an average of one per household. For Finnish people sauna is a place to relax, purifying both body and mind. Whether an electric sauna in a modern business environment or an old-fashioned wood-burning sauna by a lakeside cottage, a sauna is always near you.NORTHERN LIGHTSOne of the most remarkable features of Finland is light. When the endless sunshine of summer gives way to darkwinter, the Northern Lights appear like magic and lighten up the sky. The further north you go, the greater thechances of spotting the Aurora Borealis –in Finnish Lapland they can appear on 200 nights a year. In Helsinki andthe south, the Aurorae can be seen on roughly 20 nights a winter, away from city lights.We can Discover Finland through four unique regionsLaplandRovaniemi is the capital of Finnish Lapland and the hometown of Santa Claus. Located on the Arctic Circle, Rovaniemi provides modern services and lots of activities year round.Kemij ?rvi –Suomu, located in the heart of the wilderness, provides opportunities especially for country and downhill skiers . Traditionally the region is a reindeer husbandry area which makes it a popular place for families and animal lovers.Yll ?s is a true wonderland in any season. Experience peace of mind, skiing cross country or onthe slopes, culinary enjoyment, good company, fun and entertainment. It's all arranged for you.Pyh ?–Luosto visitors can enjoy Finland ’s southernmost fell range in a national park. It's adiverse region that offers unhurried atmosphere, genuine Lapp culture and modern services for anybody ready for an adventure.LakelandKuopio is one of the biggest cities in Lakeland. The rolling hills and crystal clear waters typical ofthe region are best viewed from the Puijo Tower. Locals are open, talkative, and have a peculiarsense of humour.Joensuu is the capital of the North Carelia region, and a major cultural hub . The verdant surroundings have bred many a Finnish artist and are home to a score of cultural events, biggest among them the Ilosaarirock festival.Savonlinna, nestled by Lake Saimaa, is great for both short city breaks and lakeside cottage holidays. The main cultural event is the annual Savonlinna Opera Festival, held in the medieval Olavinlinna Castle.HelsinkiThe capital of Finland is a compact city easily explored on foot. Design, architecture, culture and shopping are all great exploration angles and large park areas, forests, lakes, and the coastlinewith numerous islands sprinkled off it make certain there ’s no shortage of natural presence. Needless to say, there ’s something going on in Helsinki every day of the year.University of Helsinkia comprehensive universityfocus on liberal artsfamous for agriculture and forest ，medical science ，natural scienceranks about 70th in the worldCoastal AreasFormerly a centre for tar trad e, and now a technology hub , Oulu is the biggest city within a 500 kilometre radius and is considered the unofficial capital of Northern Finland. Cultural eventswith a touch of northern madness take place all year round, the best known being the Air GuitarWorld Championships each August.Suomenlinnaused to be military forts of Coast DefenseThe fortress of Suomenlinna is one of Finland ’s most popular sights. It is only a short ferry crossing away from Helsinki.Silence，pleaseIn the rush and crush of modern life, the rarities are what we value most, such as space, quiet and time. The space to breathe, a time to dream ⋯you can find these treasures in Finland, where the lakes are many and the people are few.WILD&FREETo be truly free, all you need is the untouched wilderness and a touch of madness in your blood. In the winter you can feel both as your snowmobile speeds through the silent spruces laden with snow.We have a lot of well-being from finnish forests 。

芬兰国家的特色和介绍
芬兰共和国简称芬兰，位于欧洲北部，北欧五国之一，与瑞典、挪威、俄罗斯接壤，南临芬兰湾，西濒波的尼亚湾。

国土总面积33.8万平方公里，海岸线长1100公里，内陆水域面积占全国面积的10%，有岛屿约17.9万个，湖泊约18.8万个，有“千湖之国”之称。

芬兰冬季严寒漫长，夏季温和短暂，全国1/3的土地在北极圈内。

芬兰是圣诞老人的故乡，最早的居民为拉普人，故芬兰又称拉普兰。

十二世纪后半期被瑞典统治。

1809年俄瑞战争后成为俄国的大公国。

1917年12月芬兰共和国宣布独立，成为一个永久中立国。

芬兰是一个高度发达的资本主义国家，也是一个高度工业化、自由化的市场经济体，芬兰是欧盟成员国之一，但人均产出远高于欧盟平均水平，与其邻国瑞典相当。

国民享有极高标准的生活品质，芬兰政府公务员清廉高效，并且在社会形成广泛共识。

监督世界各国腐败行为的非政府组织“透明国际”公布2012年全球清廉指数报告，在176个国家和地区中，芬兰名列第一，为最清廉国家。

2019年2月，2018年全球幸福指数出炉，芬兰排名第一。