外研版必修五Module 5知识点1

重点短语1.retire from 从…退休，从…退役2.perform one’s promise 履行承诺3.perform an operation on sb. 给某人做手术4.have an advantage over 比…有优势5.have an advantage in 在…方面占优势6.take advantage of 利用7.to sb’s advantage 对某人有利8.have the advantage of 有…的优势9.give sb.a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺10.under guarantee 在保修期内11.on the increase 正在增加12.together with 加之，连用；和，与13.increase by 增加了（表示增加的比率）14.increase(from…) to (从…)增长到…（表示增加后的结果）15.by chance 偶然的，意外的，碰巧16.take a chance/chances 碰运气/冒险17.protest against/about/at 反对…，抗议…18.declare sth.(to be) sth. 宣布某物是…，断言…为…19.declare war on/against sb. 对…宣战20.declare against 表示反对…21.declare for 表示赞同22.declare that. . . 声明，郑重地说23.So what? （非正式）那又怎样呢？结果怎样？24.rise to one’s feet 站起身25.pick up 把…扶起来；接某人；收听；好转26.That’s not the point那不是关键；没有说到点子上27.to the point 很得要领的；中肯的28.off the point 离题的29.There’s no point in. . .干…没有用；干…没有意义课标单词1．track跑道(n.)2．perform表现(vi.)3．guarantee保证(vt.)4．purchase购买(vt.)5．specific具体的；特定的(adj.)6．score得分(vi. & vt.)7．quality特性；品德；品性(n.)8．victory胜利(n.)9．dramatically戏剧性地(adv.)10．protest抗议(vi.)11．tough费力的；棘手的；困难的(adj.)12．retire退休(vi.)→retirement退休(n.)13．advantage优势；长处(n.)→disadvantage(反义词)劣势，不利条件(n.) 14．champion冠军(n.)→championship冠军地位，锦标赛(n.) 15．declare宣布(vt.)→declaration宣布，声明(n.)16．competitor竞争者；对手(n.)→compete竞争，对抗(vi.)→competition 竞争，竞赛(n.)常用短语1．rise to one's feet站起身2．be up to sb由某人决定3．every ten seconds每十秒钟4．have an advantage over比……有优势5．on the increase正在增加6．six out of seven七分之六7．according to根据，依据8．pick up拾起，捡起9．compete with和……竞争10.go over仔细检查/审查；反复研究11.make a list of列出……名单12.together with和，连同13.on the increase正在增加14.as/so long as只要，如果15.vote for投票赞成16.by oneself独自，单独17.six out of seven七分之六e onto the market上市19.sense of failure失败感20.be made up of 由……组成重点短语再现1. on the increase在增加→on the decrease在减少→increase by增添了2.rise to one’s feet站起来→struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来→jump/leap to one’s feet跳起来→set foot in/on 进入；踏进→on foot步行3.every ten minutes每十分钟→once a week每周一次→every few minutes 每几分钟4.pick up 接人；捡起；恢复→pick on(跟某人)找别扭；故意刁难→pick out 挑选5.be determined to do sth.下决心做某事→a determined will坚决的意志6.vote for 投票选举→vote against 投票反对7.declare war on向……宣战→be at war with与……处于交战状态8. up to you由你决定→up and down上上下下9.have an advantage over 比……有优势→to one’s advantage对某人有利→take advantage of利用10.six out of seven七个中有六个→two fifths五分之二单词精研1.perform vt.做；执行；履行；表演；正式进行；实施(某事)vi.表演；表现；(机器)运转精讲拓展：①perform (vi.) well in 在……中表现很好②perform a part 扮演一个角色③perform a task 执行任务④perform one's duties 履行职责⑤perform an operation 实施手术⑥performance n. 表演⑦put on a performance演出(教材P42)He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.他感到很失望，因为他在1988年的首尔奥运会上表现得不好。

高二必修五知识点梳理Module 1 British and American English重点词汇：accent ; obvious; queue; confusing; compare; variety; remark; variationsteadily; switch; satellite; structure;重点短语1.have in common有共同点2.make a difference有影响；使不同3.get around四处走走pare with/to和……比较5.differ from与……不同6.be similar to与…..不同7.have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难8.lead to导致9.have sth. in common与某人兴趣、想法相同长难句解析1.This non-stop communication;the experts think;has made it easier forBritish people and Americans to understand each other.专家认为;这种不间断的交流使英美人之间的相互理解变得更容易..当不定式、动名词或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时如make;find;see;hear 等;为保持句子平衡;常用 it作形式宾语;而将真正的宾语放在句尾..其结构为：主语＋谓语动词＋ it ＋形容词/名词/代词＋不定式/动名词/从句..it 后面的形容词或名词作宾补..2. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language; he was obviously thinking about the differences.当着名的爱尔兰作家萧伯纳说出“英国和美国是被一种常见的语言分割开来的两个国家”一番话时;很明显他考虑了两者之间的差异..that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language 是同位语从句;用来说明前面的名词 remark 的内容..语法通关一、一般现在时1．表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态;常与usually;always;sometimes;often;frequently;everyday/week/year/morning...on Sunday等时间状语连用..二、现在进行时1．表示现在说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作..2．表示说话人现在对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶等3. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作..说话时动作不一定正在进行三、现在完成时1．表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果..2．表示过去已经开始;持续到现在的动作或状态..可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在包括“现在”在内的一段时间的状语连用四、一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态;常与soon;tomorrowmorning...;next week/year...;some day;from now on;the day after tomorrow;in the future 等表示将来的时间状语连用.. Module 2 A Job Worth Doing重点词汇：satisfying; stressful; volunteer; respect; direct; encounter; profound; qualified重点短语1.in particular尤其；特别2.on average平均e off掉离；脱离4.in theory理论上；从理论上讲5.in practice实际上6.have an effect on对……产生影响7.take up从事；占据时间、空间8.pass by路过；经过9.take for granted认为……理所当然长难句解析1. Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular boardin his hand.每天早晨;他手里都拿着一个大圆板爬上弯道..此句中的with a large circular board in his hand 是with 复合结构的一种形式：with＋宾语＋介词短语;在句中作状语;表状态..除介词短语作宾补外;还可以用形容词;副词;过去分词;现在分词;动词不定式..2. He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred meters down the mountain.当他正开着装满香蕉的卡车要驶过一个弯道的时候;他连人带车翻到了300 多米深的山崖下..本句中的when为并列连词;表示就在那时的意思;相当于and at that time ; be doing...when...的意思为“正在……这时……”..3. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school;most of whom were from Germany.他们告诉我这所学校里有50名外国学生学习汉语;大多数来自德国..本句中some of which引导的是非限制性定语从句;是介词＋“关系代词”结构;表示“人”;关系代词用whom;表示“物”;关系代词用which..在这种情况下;不能使用人称代词..语法通关一般过去时1．表示在确定的过去时间内发生的动作或状态..2．表示过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作3．描述几个相继发生的过去动作4．有时动词的一般过去时形式上为过去;而实际上却指现在;即“原来想的”与现在的实际情况不相符..过去进行时1．表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作..2．表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作..3．表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的4．表示礼貌;并不表示过去的时间;而表达现在的客气或礼貌..三、过去完成时1．表示在过去某一具体时间或动作之前已经完成的动作;常用 by;before 等介词短语或状语从句表示..2．表示过去某一时间以前的经历;常与 for;since 引导的表示过去的时间状语连用..Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema重点词汇：Biography; fantasy; account; companion; lie; panic; curious; tie; frightterrified; adventure; thriller; horror重点短语1.have no connection与…..无关2.run away逃跑3.ahead of在…..前面；提前4.pour down倾盆而下5.to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是6.be curious about对……感到好奇7.have enough of听够、看够、吃够、受够8.die of fright惊吓而死9.run into偶然遇到10.in a panic惊恐的长难句解析1. But I persuaded him to help me;and we found the men’s boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.但我还是说服他帮我;我们发现那两人的船就紧贴在汽艇的另一边..本句中的tied to the other side of the steamboat为过去分词短语作宾语补足语;和宾语the men’s boat之间存在逻辑动宾关系..动词不定式、v.-ing形式和过去分词都可以用作宾语补足语..2. He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.他身无分文地到达新奥尔良时;却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了..本句中的only to find that there were no boats for South America 为动词不定式短语作结果状语..表示“意外的;意想不到的”的结果;而v.-ing作状语;表示“自然而然”的结果..不定式常用作目的状语;相当于in order to do 形式的用法..语法通关一、非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式..它们不能在句中充当谓语;可充当其他语法功能;可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用;在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语..1.非谓语动词作主语2.非谓语动词作表语3.非谓语动词作宾语4.非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语5.非谓语动词作定语6.非谓语动词作状语Module 4 Carnival重点词汇：confusion; extend; revive; elegant; magic; memory; pretend; wander calendar; atmosphere; abolish重点短语e to an end完结2.dress up装扮；化妆3.have fun玩的愉快4.on end连续的5.date back to追溯到6.in secret秘密的7.in memory of为了纪念…..8.pass on传递e off脱落长难句解析1. As time goes on;it’s getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移;天气变得越来越暖和了..句中as引导时间状语从句;表示“随着”的意思;表示主句和从句的谓语动词的动作同时发生..该状语从句也可以用with time passing替换..2. ...they painted their faces white;imitating their masters and making fun of them.……他们把脸涂白;模仿他们的主人来取笑他们..本句中imitating their masters and making fun of them为v.-ing形式做伴随状语..伴随状语的动作一般和谓语动词的动作同时发生..语法通关英语的及物动词有两种语态主动语态和被动语态..主动语态中主语是谓语动词的执行者；被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者..被动语态由助动词be＋动词的过去分词构成..助动词be随主语有人称、数和时态变化..Module 5 The Great Sports Personality重点词汇：athletics; bat; track; trainer; retire; perform; brand; advantage; designergymnast重点短语1.do athletics做田径运动2.as well as除……之外又3.make a list of列……清单4.be determined to do下定决心做某事e onto the market商品上市;商品开始出售6.on the increase正在增加7.have an advantage over比……有优势8.every ten seconds每十秒钟9.make money赚钱10.achieve an ambition实现志愿长难句解析1. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport;Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.但即使是他已经赢得了在自己运动项目上所能赢得的一切;李宁还是带着一种失败的感觉退了役..even though/even if可以引导让步状语从句;意为“纵使；即使……也”;可以放在句首;也可以放在句中或句末..引导的状语从句中;用一般现在时表示将来..2. But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.但就是这种失败感使他决心在他的新的生活中取得成功..本句为强调句型;是对主语this sense of failure的强调..其常见句式为：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其余部分..3. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics;they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.2008年奥运会时;中国运动员将身穿李宁牌运动服步入奥运会会场.. whenever用来引导让步状语从句..表示“无论何时”的意思;相当于no matter when..whenever还可以表示“……的时候；每次”和“究竟何时”的意思..when用来引导时间状语从句;表示“当……时候”或引导定语从句;在从句中作时间状语..而whenever“无论何时”引导的是让步状语从句..语法通关状语从句一、时间状语从句二、条件状语从句三、让步状语从句四、地点状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、方式状语从句九、比较状语从句Module 6 Animals in Danger重点词汇：endanger; reserve; habitat; extinct; struggle; protect; worth; ideal; confiscate; condition重点短语1.thanks to由于；幸亏2.according to根据3.give one’s life to为……献身4.on the spot在现场e into fashion开始流行起来6.raid on a ship突击搜查一家商7.get tough with对……采取强硬措施8.on condition that在……条件下9.be worth doing值得做某事10.in the meanwhile同时长难句解析1. Although surprised;the poachers had an advantage－there were more of them.尽管偷猎者们很吃惊;但他们占有优势——他们人多..although surprised是状语从句although they were surprised的省略形式..2. International co-operation seems to be working.国际合作似乎正在进行..本句话为seem跟动词不定式形式作宾语;在使用时;要注意动词不定式的时态..一般式to do 一般动作;和谓语同时发生；进行式to be doing 谓语发生时该动作正在进行；完成式to have done 发生在谓语动作之前..3. The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy.世界自然保护基金组织认为;唯有人们学会保护自然、不浪费能源;我们的世界才会有未来..only if引导条件状语从句;表示“只有在……条件之下”的意思..当该状语从句位于句首时;主句使用主谓倒装句式..语法通关一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 只用that不用which的情况2. whose引导定语从句;可指代人也可指代物;其在定语从句中作定语..指物时;可与of which互换;指人时;可与of whom互换..3. as引导定语从句的用法二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时;介词宾语只用which或whom;不关系代词不能省略2. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时;可用that/which指物;that/whom/who指人作介词的宾语;而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略..3. 复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句;这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开;定语从句常用倒装语序..三、关系副词引导的定语从句1．where指地点;在定语从句中作地点状语..2．when指时间;在定语从句中作时间状语..3. why指原因;在定语从句中作原因状语..四、用关系代词还是关系副词正确选用关系词的依据：①弄清关系词在从句中充当的句子成分；②辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因等；③判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的..。

module 5重点词组：1.keep track of记录，掌握---线索lose track of失去---的线索on the wrong/righttrack不对/对2.major in主修，专修the majority of大多数的be in the majority占多数，拥有多数3.together with和---一起，连用along with同---一道as well as不但---而且---inaddition to除---之外except/besides除---之外like像----一样including包括---4.perform well/badly表现的好/差perform miracles创造奇迹perform one’spromise履行诺言perform one’s duty履行职责put on/give a performance进行演出5.have the sense to d o sth.有做某事的意识in a /some sense在某种意义上cometo one’s senses恢复理智，醒悟过来make sense of sth.理解某事物make no sense毫无意义in no sense决不bring sb. to one’s senses使某人醒悟pete against/with sb. for ath.与某人竞争以得到某物compete to do sth.竞争做某事can’t compete无法竞争compete in参加---比赛7.leave sb. with no choice让某人别无选择make a choice of doing sth.选择做某事atone’s own choice任意地，随意地by choice出于自己的选择take one’s choice 选择of choice精选的，特别的from choice自愿地have no choice but to do sth.除做某事外别无选择8.choose---as---选择---作为---treat/have/regard/look on/consider/thinkof/use—as—把---当作—recognize ---as---承认---是---work as/serve as/act as充当，作为，担任9.at the same time同时at a time一次at one time曾经，一度all the time总是manya time多次，屡次in no time立即，很快time and time again反复地at times/fromtime to time有时，偶尔at no time从来没有on time按时in time及时the first time 第一次（用作连词，连接句子）for the first time第一次（介词短语，作状语）take your time别着急，慢慢来10.have the advantage of sb.比某人强take advantage of sth.利用to sb.’sadvantage=to the advantage of sb.对某人有利turn sth. to one’s advantage变不利为有利be of advantage to对---有利to advantage有利地gain/have/get anadvantage over优于，胜于11.leave sb.to one’s purchase让某人自谋生路make a purchase采购live on one’spurchase自谋生计，自找活路on special purchase特价出售12.the chances are(that)---可能---the chance to do sth./of doing sth.做某事的可能性by chance偶然，碰巧by any chance万一take a chance冒险，碰运气stand a chance of有---的可能，有---的希望it chanced that碰巧13.sb. be familiar with sb./sth.某人熟悉某人/某物sb./sth. be familiar to sb.某人/某物为某人所熟悉be on familiar terms with与---很随便14.employ sb. as雇佣某人为employ sb. to do sth.雇佣某人做某事be employed indoing sth.从事某事，花费时间做某事working for sb.受雇于某人in sb.’semploy替某人工作out of employ失业15.in scores大批量地scores of许多，大量score a success/victory取得成功/胜利score full marks得满分16.point to指向远处的对象point at近处的对象point---to/at把---对着point out指出point out that从句指出at the point of靠近，将近---的时候in point of就---而言，关于beside the point离题，不中肯keep to the point扣住主题to the point 中肯off the point离题there is no point doing做---没有用/没有意义17.rise to one’s feet站起身get/jump to one’s feet站/跳起来struggle to one’sfeet挣扎着站起来be/keep on one’s feet长时间站立着set foot in/on进入，访问，参观stand on one’s own feet自立on the rise在增加on the decrease在减少on the decline/in decline在下降increase by增加了------increase to增加到------ 18.a victory over oneself克制自己a victory in在---方面的胜利bring sb. to victory使某人获得胜利have/gain/get/win a victory获得胜利19.turn the wrong way转错方向turn on打开，使感兴趣,turn off,完成，解雇turn up出现,被发现turn down拒绝，驳回,turn over移交，仔细考虑,turn around转身，好转,turn back掉过头来,turn into成为,turn away拒绝进入，辞退,turn out结果是,in turn轮流turn one’s back to拒不帮忙take turns/by turns轮流turn a deaf ear to不理会20.protest about/at/against sth.反对某事protest that----声明in protest作为抗议without protest平静地，毫无怨言地under protset不情愿地，不甘心地21.declare for/against sth.表态支持/反对某事declare oneself表明自己的立场或意向declare war on/against对---宣战22.be tough on sb.使某人日子很难过have a tough time日子很难过as tough as oldboots坚韧的tough as nails硬如铁打23.guarantee to do sth.保证做某事be guaranteed to do sth.必定做某事underguarantee在保修期内24.be up to sb.由某人决定so what?那又怎么样？重点单词：1.athletics田径运动等各种竞技运动exercise保持和增进健康的运动sport以娱乐为主的竞技运动2.baseball棒球bat棒球棒golf高尔夫球club高尔夫球棒tennis网球racket球拍3.major较大的，较重要的main主要的，最重要的chief级别高的4.list任何单子menu餐馆里的菜单5.increase数量，大小，程度方面的提高、增长improve质量、水平方面的提高与改善6.chance幸运或偶然的机会或可能性opportunity为实现目的、抱负、愿望提供的机遇或前提occasion为某种行为提供的特定的时刻、场合或时机7.score指比赛得分，成绩mark考试得分，复数形式a good mark一个好分数point 比赛中的得分grade复数形式，表示学业成绩，含等级goal球赛中的得分8.ultimate指在系列、过程或进展中最后的eventual指终将发生的、发生在未来某一不确定时间的last指最迟的或最末尾的final指最后形成或发生的，决定后不能更改的9.declare在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度announce宣布某消息或某事，预示着----的到来state陈述，声明，书面语或演讲中的正式表达10.specific具体的，特定的symbol符号quality特性，品德dramatically戏剧性地重点语法：1.时间状从（before）在---之后才，不等---就It will be---before---过多久才—Itwon’t be long before---不久---2.强调句：It is/was---that---,It is/was not until---that---,特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that---?3.倍数表示法：倍数+as---as;倍数+比较级+than;倍数+thelength/size/width/depth/weight---+of---4.every+数词+时间名词每----every three days每三天every few weeks每隔几周every后接序数词，名词用单数every other+名词单数每隔一every other line每隔一行5.非谓语动词特殊句式：主语（人/物）+be thought to do sth.某人/物被认为会做某事be thought to have done sth.被认为已经做了某事be thought to be doing sth.被认为正在做某事It +be thought+that从句同样的词汇有：say,believe,suppose,sxpect,know,consider eg.Riding bicycles is thought to have great effects on our health.It is thought that riding bicycles has great effects on our health.。

单词1．aboard adv.在船(或飞机、车)上；上船(或飞机、车等)prep.在(船、飞机、车)上；上(船、飞机、车等)归纳拓展(1)go aboard the plane/ship登机/上船All aboard！(口)请大家上船/车/飞机！Welcome aboard！请上船/飞机/车！(2)abroad adv.在国外，到国外，去国外go abroad出国return from abroad从国外回来at home and abroad国内外(3)board n．木板on board搭乘(船、飞机、火车、汽车等)(相当于aboard)例句：It’s time to go aboard the ship.现在是上船的时候了。

He went aboard the plane and just a few hours later he arrived abroad—far away from his parents.他上了飞机，仅几小时后，就到了远离父母的国外了。

The plane crashed，killing all 200 people aboard/on board.飞机失事，机上200人全部遇难。

【链接训练】As the train was to pull out，her husband came running along and climbed ________.A．abroad B．broad C．aboard D．board【解析】句意为：当火车将要出站时，她的丈夫一路跑来并且爬上了车。

aboard在此用作副词，“上车”。

【答案】 C2．congratulation n．祝贺；道贺(在口语中，往往直接用Congratulations表示祝贺)归纳拓展(1)congratulations (on...)祝贺(……)offer/send one’s congratulations to sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺express one's congratulations 表示庆祝accept one's congratulations 接受某人的祝贺(2)congratulate vt.祝贺congratulate sb.on/upon (doing) sth.就(为)某事向某人祝贺congratulate oneself on...庆幸……，感到自豪例句：When Yang Liwei landed，Premier Wen Jiabao telephoned the control centre to offer his congratulations. 当杨利伟着陆时，温家宝总理给控制中心打电话对他表示祝贺。