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Lesson 1 & Warm up一、重点单词1、gain vt . 获得得到到达获利No pains , no gains. 不劳无获1）gain, earn , acquire gain 付出努力后得到。
earn 赚得acquire 通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得（1）He ___up to 100,000 yuan a year by writing stories. (2) I hope you will ___still a greater success.(3) We want people to _____the habit of using public transport instead of their cars.集中注意力、思想2 、concentrate vt. & vi. 使集中于使汇集于concentration n. 专心集中~ .....on /upon sth. 把（思想、注意力等）集中于“专心于，全神贯注于”focus / concentrate on fix one’s mind / attention onapply one’s mind to be absorbed inbe buried in be dedicated tobe lost in be devoted to3、associate v. 与...结合与....交往与....合伙把...与....联想在一起association n. 协会社团交往1)~ sth./ sb. with sth./sb. 2)in association with 与...联合(1) The cancer risks ____smoking have been well proved.A associating withB involved withC involving withD associated with4、compare v. 比较comparison n. 比较comparable adj. 可比较的comparative adj. 比较的相对的1) ~ ....to ...把...比作.... 2) ~ with/to 与....比较起来3)beyond ~ 无与伦比4）in comparison with/ to 与...比较（1）They ____the Party ___mother. A compare, with B compare, as C treat, for D compare, to（2）____many women , she was indeed very fortunate.A Comparing toB ComparedC Compared withD Comparing with5、result n. & v. 结果产生as a result of 作为...的结果~ from 由...引起~ in 导致with the ~ that 为此因此without result 无结果徒劳（1）The great success is due to his hard work and the terrible failure _____your carelessness.A resulted fromB resulted inC resultedD is result of6、express vt. 表达陈述表示expression n. 表情[C] 表达[U] 表示词语without expression 毫无表情beyond expression 无法形容难以表达give expression to 表现出The ____on his face told me that he was angry. A impression B sight C appearance D expression(2) When my father returned from his trip to Jiuzhaigou, he said that the beautiful scenery there was beyond ____A influenceB expressionC experienceD expectation7、emergency n 紧急情况突然事件非常时刻（强调突如其来的或出乎意料的事情或情况）in an emergency = in case of an ~ 遇到紧急情况在紧急关头declare a state of ~ 宣布进入紧急状态（1）The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an _____ landing on Lake Genva.A emergencyB safetyC worryD hurry(2) An ambulance must have the right to go first over other traffic as it usually has to deal with some kinds of _____.A emergencyB crisisC eventD urgencyfor 为...祈祷8、pray vt. 祷告sb. for sth. 向某人恳求某物sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事be ~ for 在....方面有天赋9、gifted adj. 有天赋的有才华的be ~ with 具有....的天赋genius 语气最强天生的智慧talent 语气较弱在某方面有可发展的天赋才能gifted 普通用词有天赋但不一定有创造力（1）-Tom has a best sense of rhythm. –Right, his ___for music showed at an early age.A loveB appearanceC interestD talent暗示表明后面不用虚拟语气10、suggest vt. suggestion n. 建议提议暗示建议后面从句用虚拟语气doing sth. 建议做某事sb./sb’s doing sth. 建议某人做某事suggest sth. to sb. 向某人建议that 从句建议....The parents suggested ___in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A sleepB to sleepC sleepingD having slept(2) – I’ve studied growing plants as one of my interests. Could I make some_____? - Go right ahead.A advicesB suggestionsC ordersD directions(3) This munual is full of useful ______ A lips B advices C tips D suggestionsbeyond ~ 难以形容难以描述11、describe vt . 描述描绘description n. 描述形容give a ~ of 对....进行描述describe doing 描述..... describe .....as... 把...称为...（1）He stood up and gave a (an) ____of what he had seen.A organizationB recognitionC descriptionD constructionsth. 值得12、deserve vt 应得该得doing sth.= ~ to be done 值得做某事to do sth. 做某事理所应当（1）Give a hand if possible and these people in the flooded ares ___our help.A desireB determineC decideD deserve(2) Peter is always coming late to work. He deserves ___A punishedB being punishedC to punishD to be punished13、failure n. 失败（不可数）失败的人或事（可数）end in ~ = meet with ~ 终归失败to do sth. .没能做成某事fail v. 失败in doing sth. 没能做成某事（1）As a lecture , he doesn’t dare to speak in ____public , so he is thought of as ___failure.A the, aB a , theC / , /D / , a14、mistaken adj. 弄错的错误的be ~ about /in 在某方面弄错了n. by ~ 错误地mistake n. 错误过失误会vt . 弄错误解把.....误认为n. make a ~ 犯错误v. ~ A for B 把A当做B15 promise v. & n. 许诺承诺诺言promising adj. 有希望的有前途的keep/break a promise A promise is a promise 一诺千金promise sb.to sth. 答应某人做某事one’s heart 伤透某人的心break up 粉碎散开16 break down 破坏损坏break through 突破冲破away 逃脱（1）I’m afraid that I must ___this conversation . I have to go now. A break up B break away C break through D break (2) The glass must been ___ by the cat. A broken B destroyed C ruined D demolisheddestroy 主语可以是人或物“毁坏”强调对“声誉、名声”的破坏，强调彻底性ruin 主语为天灾人祸的无形力量对美好珍贵的东西的破坏，强调不可修复性break 主语是人或物宾语可以时有形或无形的事物demolish 主语是人或物17 collect v. 收集collection n. 收集物collective adj. 共同的集体的collector n. 收藏家collect 有计划或有选择的收集，有目的或爱好的收集逐渐收集的过程accumulate 知识或经验的慢慢地获得或自然现象的变化gather 围绕一个中心集合杂乱的集合（1）She carefully ____ the letters and put them in order. A gathered B collected C accumulated D touched(2) After he failed the exam, he tried his best to ___and then made a proper plan.A gather his thoughtsB collect his ideasC use his thoughtsD collect his thoughts18、case n. 事件实情案件病例dimiss a case 撤销案件hear a case 听审案件any case 无论如何不管怎样no case 无论如何都不in case 假使免得以防in the case of 至于.... ，就....来说case of 如果假使this case 既然这样19、hold v. 握住容纳保持one’s breath 屏住呼吸catch hold of 抓住hold on 继续坚持别挂断hold out 伸出back 阻止隐瞒get hold of 抓住hold up 举起二、重点短语1、make sense 有意义有道理明智的做法in a sense 在某种意义上make sense of 了解.... common sense 常识make no sense 没有意义无道理in no sense 决不2、take turns to do sth= take turns at doing sth. in turn 依次后来by turns 轮流地out of turn 不合时宜It’s one’s turn to do.... 轮到某人做.....3、find out 查明弄清find, find out , look for区别4、pay attention to “注意”to 介词contribute to 为...做贡献according to 根据stick to 坚持see to 注意照顾be used to 习惯于turn to 向...求助refer to 指涉及devote.... to... 致力于lead to 导致belong to 属于look forward to 期盼期待relate to 与...有关prefer....to.... 喜欢....不喜欢5、come up with 产生发现想出（办法、答案）across 偶遇偶然发现keep up with 跟上about 出现发生out 显露出版（花）开了宣布put up with 容忍come round/around 苏醒改变主意into being 形成产生catch up with 赶上off 实现成功走开be fed up with 厌倦on 来临出场through 经历脱险6、talk....into doing ...劝服某人做....= persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. in doing sth.(1) Tom___ his father to agree to their plan about their wedding. They will celebrate the wedding in a church.A tried to persuadeB talkedC tried to talkD persuaded7、deal with deal 的过去式、过去分词dealt1）处理安排对付2）与...有生意往来3）论及涉及4)与do with 的区别deal 时不及物动词所以deal with 与how 搭配，do 时及物动词，do with与what搭配（1）I don’t know _____to do with the matter. (2) I don’t know _____to deal with the matter.8、in terms of 在....方面就....方面来说9、draw up 起草拟定制订draw off 排掉draw back 退缩draw sb. into 使某人卷入10、get to 到达使烦恼11、regard ......as.... 把....看作think of ....as 把...看作treat....as 把...看作look on ....as 把...看作consider...as 认为such as 列举同类人或事物中的几个12 for example 列举同类人或事物中的一个，作插入语，用逗号隔开like 可与such as 互换for instance 举“事例、情况”的例子（1）The decision is disastrous ____. A in political terms B in political fields C in terms of D at term(2) Wild flowers ______ are becoming rare.A for example orchidsB such as orchidsC for instance orchidsD alike orchids13、accuse sb. of sth. 指责/谴责/控诉/控告某人做了某事= charge sb with sth.rob sb. of sth 抢夺某人某物cure sb of 医好某人的rid sb. /sth. of 消灭某人/ 某物的warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事require/request / demand sb. of sth. 向某人要求某物（1）Tom ___his boss of having broken his word. A blamed B accused C charged D scolded注：blame sb for sth = scold sb. for sth 因某事责备某人。
知识荟萃-单元重点词汇短语解读1. compare vt. & vi.比较，比作；比得上，相比(教材P8)Then compare and discuss your results with a partner.然后与一个伙伴比较并讨论你们的分数。
拓展:compare...with/to... 把……和……相比compare...to... 把……比作……beyond/without/past compare 无与伦比①He compares the girl to the moon in the poem.他在诗中把那位姑娘比作月亮。
②The country is very quiet compared with/to the town.与城镇相比，农村显得非常安2 . giftedadj.有天赋的(教材P8)You are a gifted student who always gets As in exams，but you have just found out you got a C in a recent test.你是一个有天赋的学生，考试经常得A，但在最近的一次考试中，你发现自己只得了C。
拓展:be gifted in... 在……方面有天赋gift n. 天资；天赋have a gift for 对……有天赋3 . come up with 想出，提出，提供；赶上，超过(教材P8) Analyse your problems and come up with a plan to improve your grade.分析你的问题并提出一项计划来提高你的成绩。
拓展:come about 出现，发生come into 进入，得到come across 偶然遇见come on 到来；赶快，得了吧come up 走近，发生，被提出come to 苏醒，总计，达到come out 出来，出版come back回来come up 为不及物动词短语come up with 为及物动词短语①She came up with your problem at the meeting. 她在会议上提出了你的问题。
知识荟萃-单元重点词汇短语解读Lesson11. compare vt. & vi.比较，比作；比得上，相比(教材P8)Then compare and discuss your results with a partner.然后与一个伙伴比较并讨论你们的分数。
拓展:compare...with/to... 把……和……相比compare...to... 把……比作……beyond/without/past compare 无与伦比①He compares the girl to the moon in the poem.他在诗中把那位姑娘比作月亮。
②The country is very quiet compared with/to the town.与城镇相比，农村显得非常安2 . giftedadj.有天赋的(教材P8)You are a gifted student who always gets As in exams，but you have just found out you got a C in a recent test.你是一个有天赋的学生，考试经常得A，但在最近的一次考试中，你发现自己只得了C。
拓展:be gifted in... 在……方面有天赋gift n. 天资；天赋have a gift for 对……有天赋3 . come up with 想出，提出，提供；赶上，超过(教材P8) Analyse your problems and come up with a plan to improve your grade.分析你的问题并提出一项计划来提高你的成绩。
拓展:come about 出现，发生come into 进入，得到come across 偶然遇见come on 到来；赶快，得了吧come up 走近，发生，被提出come to 苏醒，总计，达到come out 出来，出版come back回来come up 为不及物动词短语come up with 为及物动词短语①She came up with your problem at the meeting. 她在会议上提出了你的问题。
UNIT 131.lie in 在于2.make sense存心make sense of理解3. talk sb into / out of doing sth服某人做 / 不做某事4.sth come to mind 出在海中5.be mistaken in doing sth 的做某事6.there is little / no doubtthat 毫无疑There is some doube whether/ if 有疑I doubt whether / if 我疑I don ’ t doubt that确信without doubt 毫无疑7. have a lot / much to do with 和⋯有很大关系have nothing to do woth 和⋯没用关系8. in terms of 就⋯来In the long term 从点看In the short term 从眼前点看9.recognize ⋯ as把⋯⋯看做⋯10.as +adj.原， if not +比 than即便不比⋯,起码⋯.11.be accused of = be charged with被指控12.glare at 怒目注 stare at 凝glance at 瞥了一眼 at first glance 初一看13. leave sth behind 忘leave sth sp.把某物忘在某地14. bring up 养育 bring about 惹起，致bring forward 提出 bring forth 生15.figure out 算出，斟酌出16.make comments on = comment on17.argue with sb about sth 和某人争某事18.be devoted to 忠心devote ⋯ .to 献⋯身.于，心于19. consider doing sth考做某事consider⋯as⋯UNIT 141.set an example to sb某人立榜take sth as an example以⋯例2.take charge of 掌管，be in charge of 掌管，be in the charge of 在。
U N I T131.lie in 在于2.make sense 存心义make sense of 理解3.talk sb into / out of doing sth说服某人做 / 不做某事4. sth come to mind 出此刻脑海中5. be mistaken in doing sth错误的做某事6.there is little / no doubt that 毫无疑问There is some doube whether/ if 有疑问I doubt whether / if我思疑I don ’ t doubt that确信without doubt毫无疑问7. have a lot / much to do with和有很大关系have nothing to do woth和没用关系8. in terms of 就来说In the long term从长久看法看In the short term从眼前看法看9.recognize as把看做10.as +adj. 原级， if not + 比较级 than即便不比 , 起码 .11. be accused of = be charged with 被指控12. glare at 怒目凝视stare at凝望glance at 瞥了一眼at first glance 初一看13.leave sth behind 忘掉带 leavesth sp. 把某物忘在某地14.bring up 养育 bring about 惹起，致使bring forward 提出bring forth产生15.figure out 计算出，斟酌出16.make comments on = comment on 议论17.argue with sb about sth 和某人争辩某事18.be devoted to 忠心devote .to . 献身于，专心于19.consider doing sth 考虑做某事consider as 以为1.set an example to sb 给某人建立楷模 take sth as an example 以为例2.take charge of 掌管，负责be in charge of 掌管，负责be in the charge of 在。
Unit15 Lesson 4知识详解1.过去分词作定语.单个过去分词作定语时置于所修饰的名词前,而过去分词短语作定语则要后置,相当于一个定语从句.Eg : I have his written promise.The plan discussed at yesterday’s meeting is of great value.及物动词的过去分词在作定语时,表示被动和完成意义,而不及物动词的过去分词仅表示动作已经完成,但不表被动.Eg : We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.The ground was covered with fallen leaves.有些过去分词短语作后置定语时,不紧跟在所修饰的名词之后,而是被一个逗号隔开,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句,只是对所修饰的名词作一些附加说明,不起修饰或限制作用.Eg: The substance, discovered by accident, has revolutionized medicine.2.there be句型的几个重要作用.当主语由多个部分组成时,be与最近的那个部分一致.Eg: There is a pen,two pencils and three books on the desk.be位置上还可以换用seem,stand,lie等有实际意义的动词.Eg: There seems to be rain this afternoon, doesn’t there?There used to be a hospital here,didn’t there?There be结构的独立主格是there being+n.Eg: There being no bus, we had to walk home.There be结构的主语用不定式作定语时,主动,被动两种形式均可,含义差别不大. Eg: There is nothing to do/to be done today.3.部分动词后跟不定式或-ing形式作宾语时含义大不相同,现归纳如下:stop to do sth.停止正做的事去做别的事stop doing sth.停下手中正做的事remember to do sth.记住要做某事remember doing sth.记住做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth忘记去做某事go on to do sth.转向做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做一直做的事regret to do sth.为将要做的事感到遗憾regret doing sth.为做过的事感到后悔try to do sth.尽力做某种困难的事try doing sth.试着做某事mean to do sth.意欲,打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着,意思是allow/permit/advise sb.to do sth.允许/建议某人做某事allow/permit/advise doing sth.允许/建议做某事4.so…that…与such…that..在so…that结构中的so为副词,后面跟形容词或副词,such…that中的such为形容词,后面接名词.当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many,much,few,little等修饰时,只能用so,不能用much.但若名词前的little解释为”小的”意思时,则仍用such,而不能用so.当that前是单数可数名词且该名词前面有形容词修饰时,二者so+adj.+aan+n.=such+a/an+adj.+n.可以互换.当that前是不可数名词或复数可数名词时,则必须用suchEg: He became so angry that he couldn’t speak.It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the teach er.He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.It is such a little sheep that it can’t run fast.She is so good a teacher that we all love her.It was such fine weather that that they all went shopping.They are such nice bananas that we would like to eat them..。
Warm-up & Lesson 1一、重点单词短语1、insurance n. 保险insure vt. 保险确保vi. 买保险ensure 保证1）Diagnosed with diabetes( 糖尿病)，Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin (胰岛素) three times a day for the rest his life or risk nerve damage, blindness, and even death. And if that weren’t bad enough , he had no death___.A insuranceB safetyC conditionD care2、bonus n. 额外津贴奖金bonus 额外津贴奖金salary 定期发给某人（尤指专业人员）的薪金，常以一个月或一年为期限。
wage 是给予短期工作者的报酬，常用复数。
pay 是表示工资、薪金的一般词语。
income 常指得到的收入，不管是工作还是薪金所得。
指所有进账的钱。
1）-How much is your ___ for the Spring Festival? -￥500A feeB bonusC salaryD moneycharge 指提供服务时索取的费用，也指货物的价格、价钱。
price 指商品在市场上出售的价格，尤指卖方对商品所提出的单价。
比喻义是指付出的代价。
fee 指上学、求医及找律师等付给的费用，还可指会费、借书费等。
fare 侧重旅行时所付的车、船费等。
cost 生产东西的成本，泛指商品价格，可与price互换。
1) He hasn’t enough money to pay the doctor’s salary.( 改错)2）Everything comes with ______ price; there is no such _____ thing as free lunch in the world.A a; aB the ; /C /; theD a; /3) – Is the house very expensive , Dick? - I don’t think it’s worth the ____ they are asking.A priceB costC feeD charge3、reward n. 报酬奖励悬赏金vt. 酬劳奖赏报答as a ~ for 作为对.....的报酬/奖赏give / offer a ~ to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬~ sb. for (doing) sth. 为（做）某事报答某人~ sb. with ....... for sth. 为某事而以......报答某人in ~ of 为报酬......，作为奖励1）His efforts were ____ by success. A rewarded B reward C rewarding D rewardedly2) It is said that the police have offered a large ____ for any information leading to the murderer’s arrest.A awardB rewardC prizeD bonus3) They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my _____ after working allmy life for equal rights for the blacks.A profitB rewardC benefitD money4) He was nominated for the best actor ____. A reward B scholarship C award D resultreward 表示“奖赏，酬谢”以人或人的行为作宾语，后面加介词with, foraward 表示“给予，授予（奖章，奖金等），后面可以跟两个宾语。
必修4重点语法汇总Unit13过去分词过去分词起形容词、副词的作用，在句中作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语。
一、过去分词作状语1.通常修饰谓语，很多是说明动作发生的背景或情况。
Guided by these principles，they went on with the work.在这些方针的指引下，他们继续进行这项工作。
Delighted with her work，they made her the general manager.他们很欣赏她的工作，让她当了总经理。
Encouraged by these successes，they decided to expand the business.在这些成绩的鼓舞下他们决定扩大经营。
Built in 1192，the bridge is over 700 years old.这座桥是1192年修的，已经有七百多年的历史了。
2.过去分词也可作原因状语Influenced by his example，they performed countless good deeds.在他的事迹的影响下，他们做了无数件好事。
Confined to bed，she needed to be waited on in everything.(由于)她卧病在床，什么事都需要人照顾。
He soon fell asleep，exhausted by the journey.由于旅途劳累他很快就睡着了。
3.过去分词也可作时间状语Seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent.从山上看这座城市非常漂亮。
This method, tried in areas near Shanghai, resulted in a marked rise in total production.这个办法在上海附近地区试验时总产量有了显著提高。
4.过去分词也可作假设的条件状语Given closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong.仔细分析一下，我们可以看出这是完全错误的。
Unit 15Warm-up & Lesson 11、correction n. 改进改正correct adj. 正确的得体的v. 改正纠正1）house of ~ 感化院改造所监狱2）under ~有待指正,请与匡正３）Ｉ’m speaking under ~ 我说得不一定正确（1）-Have you handed in your papers? -Yes, we have , I guess they _____.A have correctedB are correctedC are being correctedD are correcting2、simplify vt. 简化精简使单纯simple adj. 简单的朴素的单纯的simply adv. 简单地simplification n. 简化精简1）Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A mustB mayC shallD should3、qualification n. 资格资历qualify vt. 使具备资格描述修饰qualified adj. 有资格的1）Many football fans attached great importance to the match, because China needed to beat Iran to ensure ____ for the Asian Cup semi-finals.A outcomeB conservationC qualificationD introduction2）As he had worked in the army as an electrical engineer for many years, he has every ___ for the job.A abilityB obligationC qualificationD quality4、secure adj. 安全的坚固的vt.使安全获得固定1）be ~ against / from 没有.....的危险2）be ~ of 对.....有把握确信3）feel ~ about / as to 对.....觉得放心4）~ (sth. ) against / from 使（某物）免遭.....safe 主要指人或物未遭受危险或损害。
