翻译4.1:被动语态的翻译
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●被动语态的翻译●英语中的被动语态●被动语态在英语中使用很广,光泛程度远远超过汉语,具体使用情况如下:●在没有必要说出动作的发出者时●H i s f r e q u e n t a b s e n c e f r o m c l a s s m u s t b e d e a l t w i t h i m m e d i a t e l y.●不愿说出动作的发出者时●没有办法说出动作的发出者时◆N o w a d a y s,h e r s o n g s a r e s o p o p u l a r a m o n g t h e y o u n g p e o p l e t h a t t h e ya r e p l a y e d o n t h e r a d i o e v e r y S u n d a y.●在正式的书信或商务信函中,也常采用被动来增强客观性和正式程度◆W e r e c o m m e n d t h a t f u r t h e r s t u d i e s b e c a r r i e d o u t i n t o t h e m a r k e t i n gs t r a t e g i e s b e s t s u i t e d t o d i f f e r e n t E u r o p e a n r e g i o n s.●英语被动句的翻译◆我们在处理英语被动句时,必须根据汉语的表达习惯,尽最大可能译出原文的被动含义。
下面是英语被动句的常见处理方式:●译成被动句●译成主动句●英语被动句的翻译●译成被动句●T h e u n e m p l o y m e n t r a t e i n t h a t c o u n t r y i s e x p e c t e d t o r e m a i n s t a b l e f o r2000.⏹该国2000年失业率可望保持稳定。
被动语态的翻译•As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are Lowered into the hole made by the drill.因为石油深埋在地下,靠研究地面,不能确定石油的有无,因此,对地下岩层结构必须进行地质勘探。
如果认为某地区的岩层含有石油,那就在该处安装“钻机”。
钻机中最显眼的部件叫作“井架”。
井架用来吊升分节油管,把油管放入由钻头打出的孔中。
当孔钻成时,放入钢管防止孔壁坍塌。
如发现石油,则在油管顶部紧固地加盖,使石油通一系列阀门流出。
•1汉语被动式的使用受到限制.•按照汉语的习惯, 如果句中无须指出施事,主动意义与被动意义又不致发生混淆, 一般不用结构被动式, 而用意义被动式.•这件事做得不好.•It was poorly done.•汉语中“让” “给” “叫”“挨”“受”“遭”•“蒙”“被”表达不如意或不企望的事.•庄稼让大水冲跑了.•这股敌人全给游记队消灭了.•2使用受事主语导致大量的“当然被动句”•汉人的思维习惯,人的行为,必然是由人来完成的,这种思维模式使人们在表达时常常把实事者隐含起来,把注意力集中在受事者及行为本身,受事者便充当了主语.•1Last night I was covered up with two quilts.•昨晚我盖了两条被子。
®英汉翻译技巧之®被动语态的译法英语屮的被动语态使用极为广泛,凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合,往往都使用被动语态,尤其是在科技英语中被动语态几乎随处可见。
而汉语中的被动结构却不那么常见,因为从习惯上讲,汉语中的“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨” 等字眼总是给人不那么舒服的感觉,因此在英汉翻译时,往往要尽量将被动语态化为主动结构。
® When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The comm on est form of treatme nt is heating ・ When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is pouredinto the hand, it soon vaporizes・ Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into pa raff in. Last of all the lubricati ng oils of various grades are produced ・ What remai ns is heavy oil that is used as fuel.®教学内容® 1、英语中常用被动语态的情况® 2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式® 3、英语被动语态的翻译® 1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Such books are written for children・We haven't been told about it.The English evening has been put off till Saturday・® 2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。