六级阅读中常见四大逻辑关系盘点

英语六级写作逻辑关系与过渡词整理在英语写作中，良好的逻辑关系和合适的过渡词语在文章的连贯性和可读性方面起着至关重要的作用。

下面是一些常用的逻辑关系和过渡词，帮助你提升写作表达的质量和连贯性。

1. 添加逻辑关系：用于向观点中添加附加信息，或列举一系列类似的观点。

- Additionally（此外）- Furthermore（而且）- Moreover（此外）- In addition（除此之外）- Also（还有）- Besides（此外）- Similarly（同样地）- Likewise（同样地）- Equally important（同样重要的是）- Not only... but also（不仅...而且）例如，Additionally, the government should invest more in renewable energy sources to combat climate change.（此外，政府应该在可再生能源方面投资更多来应对气候变化。

）2. 强调逻辑关系：用于强调或突出某一观点或事实。

- Indeed（的确）- Undoubtedly（无疑地）- Certainly（当然）- Absolutely（绝对地）- In fact（事实上）- It is worth noting that...（值得注意的是...）- It is important to emphasize that...（重要的是要强调...）- Crucially（极其重要的是）例如，Indeed, the results of the study confirm the hypothesis that social media has a significant impact on mental health.（的确，这项研究的结果证实了社交媒体对心理健康有重大影响的假设。

）3. 对比逻辑关系：用于比较或对照不同观点、事实或情况。

英语六级写作中的逻辑关系与篇章结构逻辑关系是英语写作中必须重视的一个方面，它能够帮助我们将思想整理得更加清晰有序。

在撰写英语六级写作时，我们需要依靠逻辑关系来构建文章的篇章结构，确保文章逻辑清晰、连贯有序。

本文将探讨英语六级写作中常用的逻辑关系以及如何运用逻辑关系构建篇章结构。

一、因果逻辑关系因果逻辑关系是最常用的逻辑关系之一，它通常用于描述事物之间的原因和结果。

在英语六级写作中，我们可以利用因果逻辑关系来解释为什么某件事情会发生以及它造成的后果。

例如，我们可以写一篇关于环境污染的文章，分析导致污染的原因以及它对人类和环境的影响。

在文章中，我们需要清楚地列举每个原因以及相应的结果，确保逻辑关系连贯明确。

二、对比逻辑关系对比逻辑关系常用于英语六级写作中的议论文，用以比较不同的观点、事物或者观点的优缺点。

通过对比逻辑关系，我们可以更好地展示自己的观点或者观察事物的多个方面。

例如，在一篇关于城市生活和农村生活的文章中，我们可以使用对比逻辑关系来列举两者的异同，突出各自的优缺点。

通过利用对比逻辑关系，我们能够为读者提供更全面的信息，帮助他们更好地理解我们的观点。

三、分类逻辑关系分类逻辑关系是将事物按照某种标准进行分组或分类。

在英语六级写作中，我们可以根据不同的分类逻辑关系来组织自己的文章。

例如，在一篇关于教育的文章中，我们可以将不同的教育方式分为传统教育和现代教育，并分别阐述它们的特点和利弊。

通过使用分类逻辑关系，我们能够清晰地组织我们的思想，使读者更好地理解我们的观点。

四、顺序逻辑关系顺序逻辑关系是按照某种时间或者空间顺序来组织文章的思路。

在英语六级写作中，我们可以利用顺序逻辑关系来叙述一个事件的发展过程或者一件事物的变化过程。

例如，在一篇关于科技发展的文章中，我们可以按照时间顺序描述科技的进步和对人类生活的影响。

通过使用顺序逻辑关系，我们能够帮助读者理清事物的发展轨迹，更好地理解我们的观点。

总结通过运用逻辑关系，我们能够构建出清晰、连贯的英语六级写作。

阅读理解中逻辑关系的识别技巧课件在阅读理解中，逻辑关系的识别是一项至关重要的技能。

它不仅能够帮助我们更准确地理解文章的含义，还能提高我们答题的效率和准确性。

接下来，让我们一起深入探讨一下阅读理解中常见的逻辑关系及其识别技巧。

一、常见的逻辑关系1、因果关系因果关系是指某个事件或行为导致了另一个事件或行为的发生。

常见的表达因果关系的关联词有“因为……所以……”“由于……因此……”“之所以……是因为……”等。

例如，“因为他努力学习，所以他取得了好成绩。

”在这个句子中，“努力学习”是原因，“取得好成绩”是结果。

2、转折关系转折关系表示前后内容在意思上相反或相对。

常见的转折关联词有“虽然……但是……”“尽管……可是……”“然而”“却”等。

比如，“虽然天气很冷，但是他依然坚持锻炼。

”这里“天气很冷”和“坚持锻炼”形成了转折。

3、并列关系并列关系指的是几个事物或方面在同一层面上相互关联、平等存在。

常见的并列关联词有“既……又……”“一边……一边……”“不是……而是……”等。

例如，“他既喜欢读书，又喜欢运动。

”4、递进关系递进关系表示在程度、范围、数量等方面更进一步。

常用的递进关联词有“不但……而且……”“不仅……还……”“甚至”等。

比如，“他不但学习好，而且品德高尚。

”5、条件关系条件关系表明某个情况是另一个情况发生的前提或条件。

常见的条件关联词有“只要……就……”“只有……才……”“无论……都……”等。

例如，“只要你努力，就一定能成功。

”二、逻辑关系的识别技巧1、关注关联词关联词是识别逻辑关系最直接的线索。

当我们在阅读文章时，一旦遇到上述提到的关联词，就要迅速反应出其所代表的逻辑关系。

例如，看到“因为”，就要想到后面可能会阐述原因，看到“但是”，就要明白接下来的内容可能会与前文形成转折。

2、理解上下文语境有时候，文章中可能没有明显的关联词，但我们可以通过上下文的语境来推断逻辑关系。

比如，前文描述了一个问题，后文给出了解决方案，那么这两者之间就可能存在因果关系。

英语四六级常见的17类逻辑关系词先后次序关系：at this time; first; second; at last; next; previously; simultaneously; eventually; last but not least; to begin with; to start with; to end with; finally; seeing...; since then; first of all; afterwards; following this; preceding this.因果关系：because; because of this; being that; another important factor/reason of...; since; as; for; in that...; owing to; due to; for the reason that...; in view of; the reason seems to be obvious; there are about...; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so...; consequently; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence; as a consequence; accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.转折关系：but; even so; however ;though; even though; independent of; reckless of; despite that; in spite of that; regardless of; yet...; and yet; but unless.并列关系：and; also; too; as well as; either...; or...; both...and...(补充)递进关系：furthermore; moreover; further; In this way; still; not only...but also...; not...but...; in addition (to); additionally; much more interesting; more specifically; next; besides; as far as... is concerned; moreover; in other words; along this line of consideration; on the one hand...; on the other hand...; even; as a poplar saying goes...; in order to do it...; meanwhile; at the same time; accordingly; In the first place...; in the second place...; equally important; of even greater appeal.比较关系：similarly; in like manner; in comparison with; when compared with; compared with; when in fact...; like...; likewise; similarly important; apart from (doing)...; ... rather than...; by doing so; both…and...; in the same way; not only...but(also).对照(不同点)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around; yet; conversely; unlike; opposed to; as opposed to ; in contrast (to); by way of; on the contrary; different from this; as opposed to this; nevertheless; contrary to; whereas; while; but on the other hand.举例关系：for example; for instance; in this case; namely; as you know; you may as/say; as he explains; like; such as; a case in point is...; consider...; in particular; including...; for one thing...; for another...; put it simply; stated roughly; as an illustration; I will say...; a good example (of...)would be...; to detail this; I would like to...; It is interesting to note that...; in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something); as for; as regards; as to; according to; on this occasion.强调关系：in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally; what is more important; in reality; certainly; of course; indeed; in particular; not to mention...; believe it or not; undeniably; other thing being equal; it is certain/sure that...; to be strict; to be true; by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously; not only... but(also...); both...and...条件关系：if; unless; lest; provided that; if it is the case; in this sense; once...; if possible; if necessary; if so; if not all; if anything.归纳总结类：in other words; on the whole; in sum; therefore; hence; in short; in brief; to sum up; in conclusion; in summary; to conclude; the conclusion can be drawnthat...; for this reason; in short.地点关系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.目的关系：with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account; in case; with a view to; for the same reason.重申关系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.结果关系：accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.顺序关系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时); following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently; before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同时).时间关系：at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously.。

英语六级词汇冲刺辅导：句子逻辑关系英语六级词汇冲刺辅导：句子逻辑关系英语学习是一个艰苦奋斗的过程，只有策略、技巧和方法是不够的，还必须有刻苦学习的恒心和毅力。

下面我们就一起来看看小编整理的英语六级词汇冲刺辅导：句子逻辑关系相关资料吧，欢迎大家阅读！句子逻辑关系1、解释关系：eg：Some people think that a A translation ,or word-for-word (逐字逐句的)translation ,is easier than a free translation (意译).A、literal (adj.逐字逐句的)B、literary (adj.文学的)C、liberal (adj.自由的)D、linear (adj.线状的)The kitchen was small and B so that the disabled (残疾人)could reach everything without difficulty.A、conventional (adj.传统的)B、compact (adj.紧凑的)C、compatible (adj.兼容的)D、concise (adj.简洁的)△ 注意句子中的.“and”、“or”、“similarly”、“——”、“：”、“;”等2、转折关系：eg：In spite of the A economic forecasts (预报),manufacturing (制造)output (产出)has risen slightly (轻微地).A、gloomy (adj.黯淡的)B、miserable (adj.痛苦的)C、shadowy (adj.阴影的)D、subsidiary (adj.辅助的)Even when textbooks (教科书)are C through a school system, methods of teaching may vary (v.不同，差异)greatly.A、commonplace (adj.平凡的)B、competitive (adj.竞争性的)C、standardized (adj.标准化了的，统一的)D、generalized (adj.一般化了的)△ 常见的转折词：but 、nevertheless 、though 、even 、although 、while 、in spite of 、despite of 等3、因果关系：eg：The poetry of Ezra Pound is some times difficult to understand because it contains so many A reference (Ⅰ、参考;Ⅱ、典故).A、obscure (adj.晦涩的;难懂的)B、acute (adj. Ⅰ、尖锐的;Ⅱ、急性的;Ⅲ、敏锐的;☆chronic 慢性的)C、notable (adj.值得注意的)D、objective (adj.客观的)※ 1、分析句子的逻辑关系;2、清楚选项的意思、差异§ 小测试：1、As a actor ,he can perform ,sing ,dance and play several kinds of musical instruments (乐器).A、flexibleB、sophisticatedC、versatile(转的)D、productive2、We managed to reach (历经困难到达/完成)the top of the mountain ,and half an hour later we began to .A、ascendB、declineC、descendD、plunge3、I think she hurt my feelings rather than (是…而不是…)by accidents as she claimed .A、virtuallyB、literallyC、deliberatelyD、appropriately4、The education for the coming year is about $4billion ,which is much more than what people expected .A、allowanceB、budgetC、reservationD、finance5、Although most dreams apparently (明显地)happen ,dream activity may be provoked (引起，激起)by external influences (外部因素).A、spontaneouslyB、homogeneouslyC、simultaneouslyD、instantaneously§ Tip ：1、flexible (adj. Ⅰ、柔韧的;Ⅱ、思维灵活的);versatile (adj.多才多艺的);sophisticated (adj.老练的/尖端的);productive (adj. Ⅰ、多产的;Ⅱ、有用的)2、ascend (v.上坡，上升);descend (v.下坡，下降);decline (v.数字、比率、指标的下降);plunge (v.向下跳，纵身一跃)3、virtually (adv.实质上地);deliberately (adv.蓄意地);literally (adv.字面上地);appropriately (adv.合适地)4、allowance (n.津贴，补助金);reservation (n.保留，预定);budget (n.预算);finance (n.财政，金融)5、spontaneously (adv. 自发地);simultaneously (adv.同步地);homogeneously (adv.同样地);instantaneously (adv.立刻地) § Key ：1、C 2、C 3、C 4、B 5、A。

英语六级阅读理解中的推理判断技巧在英语六级考试中，阅读理解是一个非常重要的部分。

其中，推理判断题往往是考生比较头疼的一种题型。

在面对这类题目时，考生需要具备一定的技巧和方法，以确保能够准确地推断出正确的答案。

本文将介绍一些在英语六级阅读理解中推理判断技巧。

一、理解上下文在阅读理解中，理解上下文非常重要。

通过仔细阅读文中的句子和段落，可以获得一些关键信息，帮助我们推断出正确的答案。

可以关注以下几个方面：1. 上下文的指代关系：注意代词和名词之间的关系，以及名词之间的关系。

这些关系可以帮助我们确定句子中的指代对象，进而推断出正确的答案。

2. 段落结构：注意段落之间的转折、因果和并列关系。

这些关系可以反映出作者的观点和态度，帮助我们推断出正确的答案。

3. 上下文的关键词：注意一些关键词的出现，这些关键词往往能够提供一些线索，帮助我们推断出正确的答案。

二、注意修辞手法在阅读理解中，作者往往会使用一些修辞手法来表达自己的观点和思想。

这些修辞手法往往可以帮助我们推断出正确的答案。

以下是一些常见的修辞手法：1. 比喻与类比：通过将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较，以便更好地说明某个问题或观点。

注意作者在段落中使用的比喻和类比，可以帮助我们推断出正确的答案。

2. 强调与反问：通过强调某个重要观点或者用反问的方式来提问，以引起读者的注意。

注意作者在段落中使用的强调和反问手法，可以帮助我们推断出正确的答案。

3. 对比与转折：通过对比两个事物的异同或者使用转折的方式来表达观点。

注意作者在段落中使用的对比与转折手法，可以帮助我们推断出正确的答案。

三、审题细致在阅读理解中，审题细致是非常重要的。

仔细阅读问题，确保理解问题的要求和内容，以便更准确地推断出正确的答案。

以下是一些建议：1. 注意问题的词语：仔细阅读问题中的词语，特别是一些表示关系和推论的词语，如"likely"、"probably"、"according to"等，这些词语可以帮助我们推断出正确的答案。

英语六级阅读理解的文章结构和逻辑分析在英语六级考试中，阅读理解是考生们最为重要且需要充分准备的一项内容。

理解并分析文章的结构和逻辑对于正确答题至关重要。

本篇文章将对英语六级阅读理解的文章结构和逻辑进行详细分析，帮助考生们更好地备考。

一、文章结构分析在英语六级阅读理解中，文章通常由几个段落组成。

每个段落都会围绕一个中心主题展开，以论述、分析、描述等方式来阐述观点。

文章结构的分析可以帮助我们更好地理解和把握文章的主旨。

1. 开篇段落：开篇段落一般用于引入主题，吸引读者的注意力。

通常会提出一个问题、提供一个观点或描述一个场景，从而引发读者的兴趣。

开篇段落一般简短明了，但也需要揭示出文章的主题和中心思想。

2. 中间段落：中间段落是文章的核心部分，包含了文章的主题和主要论述内容。

在中间段落中，作者通常会提供事实、数据、举例或者阐述观点来支持自己的论点。

中间段落的组织结构通常是从总体到具体，或者从因果关系、对比、列举等方式来展开。

3. 结尾段落：结尾段落用于总结全文内容，强调中心观点。

同时，结尾段落也可以对前文提出的问题进行回答，或者展望未来的发展方向。

结尾段落需要简明扼要，以给读者留下深刻的印象。

二、逻辑分析除了分析文章的结构，逻辑分析也是理解文章内容的关键。

通过理解文章的逻辑关系，我们可以更好地理解作者的思路和观点。

以下是一些常见的逻辑关系及其示例：1. 因果关系：这种逻辑关系表明某个事件或情况引起了另一个事件或情况的发生。

例如：“由于气候变暖，北极冰盖的融化速度加快。

”2. 对比关系：这种逻辑关系用于对比两个或多个不同的事物或观点。

例如：“与传统教育相比，在线教育具有更大的灵活性和便利性。

”3. 列举关系：这种逻辑关系用于列举事物、观点或论据。

例如：“下面是几个缓解压力的方法：运动、听音乐、与朋友交流等。

”4. 顺承关系：这种逻辑关系表明后面的内容是前面内容的延续或进一步扩展。

例如：“此外，大量的研究证明了吸烟对健康的危害。

记住英语中24种逻辑关系词，你会发现英语学起来，痛快多了！大多数人在阅读过程中很少考虑逻辑关系词的作用，导致在阅读过程中对文章的理解效率比较低。

实际上，英文学术文章中有很多逻辑关系词，这些关系词对我们的文章理解有着直接或间接的帮助作用。

阅读中常见的逻辑关系有并列关系、递进关系、转折关系、让步关系、比较关系、因果关系等。

从语言学角度来讲，英语属于形合语言，逻辑关系词的主要在于让句子成分之间、句子与句子之间、以及段落与段落之间实现自然衔接。

若用一词概括，即为起承转合，“起”是起因,文章的开头；“承”是事件的过程；“转”是结果是转折；“合”是对该事件的议论,是结尾。

而逻辑连词正是文章的扭结。

理顺连词打通扭结，你会发现英语学起来，痛快多了。

1 表递进moreover 而且in addition 此外what is more 更furthermore 此外also 还then 然后besides 除了what's worse 更糟的是and 以及 too 以及 as well as 也additionally 另外again 又likewise 同样not only...but also... 不但……而且2 表转折however 但nevertheless 虽然on the other hand 另一方面on the contrary 反之rather than 而不是instead of 而不是but 但是yet 但是unfortunately 不幸的是whereas 而although 虽然though 虽然otherwise 否则by contrast 反之，通过对比at the same time 与此同时despite 尽管even so 即便如此in contrast 相比较even though 即使所有for all that 所有not with standing 尽管如此in spite of 尽管last but not least 最后但并非最不重要instead 代替thus 从而what is more 更；而且not only...but also 不但……而且……still 仍然in contrast to 相比较regardless 无论；不管while 而different from 不同的是for all that 尽管，虽然如此or 要不；否则；或者notwithstanding 虽然even though 即使despite 尽管after all 毕竟except (for) 除了of course 固然；尽管；当然some...others 一些、另外的on the other hand 另一方面once 以前now 现在the first...whereas the second 第一……而第二then...now 然后……现在the former...the latter 前者……后者finally 最后；最终here...there 这里……那里so 因此3 表层次on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面first 首先 second 其次finally 最后firstly 首先secondly 其次then 然后to begin with 首先further 进一步and…equally important 和同样重要in addition 此外in the first place 首先still 仍然furthermore 此外what is more 更；而且last but not least 最后但并非最不重要secondly 其次and then 进而next 接着to start with 开始besides 除了moreover 而且finally 最后4 表强调in fact 其实indeed 的确actually 其实as a matter of fact 事实上apparently 显然emphasis 强调chiefly 主要是primarily 主要in particular 尤其是surely 一定n any case 不管怎么样especially 特别是clearly 显然without any doubt 毫无疑问to repeat 重复no doubt 毫无疑问needless to say 不用说undoubtedly 无疑absolutely 绝对still 仍oddly enough 奇怪的是of course 当然after all 毕竟significantly 显著interestingly 有趣的是also 也above all 首先certainly 当然anyway 无论如何obviously 明显necessarily 要紧；一定truly 真正most important 最重要的是particularly 尤其most important of all 最重要的是5 表结果和原因evidently 明显地first of all 首先undoubtedly 无疑without any shadow of doubt 毫无疑问thus 从而hence 故；从此so 因此therefore 因此accordingly 因此；所以；从而consequently 所以since = now that 自从as 因为for the reason 由于；因为so that 以便as consequence 所以as a result 结果；因此on this / that account 于是such that 如此in this way 这样because 因为since 自从otherwise 否则Cause and effect) for 由于because of = thanks to= due to = owing to 由于for this reason 为此on account of 考虑到as a consequence 结果for as a consequence 后果6 表结尾therefore 因此then 然后；因此；那么accordingly 从而because (of) 由于or 因为thanks to 由于hence 因此as a result of 结果consequently 所以thus 因而since 自从owing to 由于for the reason that 因为7 表举例in a word 总之therefore 因此sum up 总之such as 例如to begin with 首先besides 此外for one thing 首先；一方面in conclusion 总之；最后in short 总之；简而言之as a case in point 作为一个很好的例子first of all 首先furthermore 此外in addition 此外for another 另外8 表比较similarly 同样likewise 同样like 像……一样equally 一样compared 相比…in a like manner 以类似的方式just as 正如however 可是in the same way 以同样的方式in the same manner 以同样的方式in comparison 相比较in contrast 与此相反in comparison 相比较just like 就像similar to 类似the same as 同…一样9 表对比by contrast 通过对比on the contrary 反之while 而whereas 而unlike 不像instead 代替but 但conversely 反过来different from 不同的是however 但in a sharp contrast 鲜明对比的是in contrast 相比较；相对于even though 即使，即便如此on the other hand 另外on the one hand 一方面otherwise 否则as opposed to 相对于while 而yet 但by comparison 通过比较similarly 同样nevertheless 虽然still 仍然in spite of 尽管10 表举例for example 例如for instance 例如in other words 换句话说in this case 在这种情况下as an example 作为一个例子take… for example 例如say namely 比如after all 毕竟except (for) 除了like… 就比如…，正如…to illustrate as an illustration 作为一个例子来说明by way of illustration 以说明的方式to illustrate 说明to name a few 仅举几例11 表时间later 后来lately 终于next 接着then 然后soon 不久immediately 立刻；随即meanwhile 与此同时finally 最后at last 最后 eventually 终于since 自从lately 最近afterward 之后temporarily 暂时earlier 最初 now 现在first 首先again 又also 也before 以前besides 除了formerly 以前further 进一步furthermore 此外last 最后simultaneously 同时shortly 不久still 仍然subsequently 随后thereafter 此后until 直到 recently 最近after 以后gradually 慢慢的；逐渐till 直到when 当……时nowadays 目前now presently 目前during 在……期间now and then 偶尔in the meanwhile 同时in the meantime 在此期间in the end 到底in addition 此外in the first place 首先in the past 在过去in a few days 几天之内after a few days 几天以后at that time 当时as long as 只要as soon as 一……就at present 目前at the same time 同时at length 最后at first 起初from now on 今后from then on 从那时起so far 到目前为止for the time being 暂时；眼下when now 当下and then 进而to begin with/ to start with 首先at that moment 在那一刻suddenly = all of a sudden 突然until now 直到现在after that 之后not…until 不…直到while 一会儿12 表顺序first 首先second 其次then 其次,然后finally 最后last 最终,最后next 接着after 以后earlier 最初later 后来behind 后面beside 旁边beyond 外面above 以上below 以下to begin with 首先first of all 首先in the first place 首先above all 首先in the end 到底at last 最后first and most important 首先且最重要的last but not the least 最后但并非最不重要near（to) 靠近far（from）远离in front of 前面in the middle 中间to the right （left）到右（左）边on the other side 另一面opposite 反面13 表可能presumably 想必probably 大概perhaps 也许therefore 因此so 所以as a result(of) 作为结果accordingly 因而otherwise 否则maybe 可能14 表解释in other words 换句话说in fact 其实in simpler terms 简单地说in this case 在这种情况下 in addition 此外in fact/ as a matter of fact / actually 其实another way 另一种方式to tell you the truth 实话告诉你as a matter off act 事实上that is 就是说for example 例如for instance 例如frankly speaking 坦白的说now 既然namely 即,意即actually 实际上to put it differently 换句话说that is to say 也就是说15 表让步admittedly 诚然whatever 无论hence 因此nevertheless 然而as 虽然though 虽然 although 尽管despite 尽管in spite of... 尽管even though 尽管even if 即使even so 即便如此granted 就算如此 naturally 自然however 无论如何still 仍然provided 假如or 或者whenever 无论何时 whoever 无论谁wherever 无论哪里whether 不论；或者whichever 无论哪一个after all 毕竟while it is true 虽然这是事实no matter how (who, what, which, where) 无论多么(谁,什么,哪一个,哪里)all the same 仍然 of course 当然16 表总结accordingly 因此therefore 因此thus 因此altogether to conclude 完全可以说general 一般specially 特别finally 终于namely 也就是indeed 的确in other words 换句话说thus 因此altogether 总而言之all in all 总之in consequence 结果in sum 总之consequently 因此hence 因此so 因此the point is 关键是obviously 显然of course 当然differently 不同的是as a result 结果as for me 依我之见to some extent 在某种程度上on the whole 大体上in conclusion 总之in a word 一句话in brief 简言之in summary 总之in general 一般来说in short 简而言之in other word 也就是in my opinion 在我看来in a word 总的来说in all 总的来说in fact 事实上in simpler terms 简单地说in my view 在我看来in particular 特别是it is true 事实上at last 最后as I have shown 正如我所表明的as has been stated generally speaking 正如所说as has been said 如上所述as far as I am concerned 就我而言as what has been mentioned 正如已经提到的to sum up 总之to summarize 简而言之to conclude 总而言之to put it differently 换句话说17 其他类型连接词mostly 通常occasionally 偶尔currently 一般naturally 自然mainly 主要exactly 完全in this case 在这种情况下frankly 坦率地说commonly 通常for this purpose 为此to a large extent 在很大程度上for most of us 对于我们大多数人evidently 显然in many cases 在许多情况下18 表示时间与频率的词汇every 每一some 一些after 以后usually 通常almost 几乎frequently 经常mainly 主要finally 最后rarely 难得；很少；几乎不before 之前on the whole 大体上at other times 平时in most cases 在大多数情况下in general 一般来说as a rule 一般说来meanwhile 与此同时always 总是often 经常19 表示附加的词additionally 此外as well as 以及just as 正如again 再次along with 连同also 并且besides 除此之外further 进一步furthermore 此外in the same manner 同样地in the same way 同样地in addition to 除…之外20 表示增加的过渡词also 也so that 为了；目的是and 以及and then 于是in addition 除了another 另一个again 再次on top of 另外moreover 此外first 首先furthermore 此外second 其次too 也third 再次21 表示目的的过渡词lest 唯恐for this reason 为此furthermore 此外for this purpose 为了这个目的again 再次so as to 以便also 也so that 所以besides 除了in order that 为了similarly 同样in addition 此外moreover 此外what’s more 不仅如此next 接着finally 最后22 表示并列关系or, and, also, too 也not only … but also… 不但……而且as well as 以及so…that 太…以至于both… and… 既……又either …or… 或者…或者neither…nor… 既不……也不23 表示并列补充关系what is more 而且；此外also 还besides 除了as well 也；此外moreover 此外furthermore 此外in addition 此外24 表示条件关系as (so) long as 只要if 假如 unless 除非eventually 终于presently 目前somewhat 有点；稍微as if 仿佛by the way of 通过这种方式on condition that 如果on the condition 只要or else 要不然in the meantime 与此同时from then on 从那时起after an interval 一段时间后all of a sudden 一下子on the contrary 相反在会议的商务人士。

解析英语阅读材料中的上下文逻辑关系英语阅读是学习英语的重要环节之一，通过阅读英语材料，我们可以提高语言理解能力、扩大词汇量，并了解不同文化背景下的思维方式。

然而，在阅读过程中，我们常常会遇到一些难以理解的句子或段落，这时候就需要通过上下文逻辑关系来解析其含义。

上下文逻辑关系是指一个句子或段落与其前后文之间的联系和依存关系。

理解上下文逻辑关系可以帮助我们把握文章的主旨，推断作者的意图以及解决阅读中的歧义问题。

下面将从几个常见的上下文逻辑关系入手，介绍如何解析英语阅读材料。

1. 因果关系：因果关系是最常见的上下文逻辑关系之一。

通过分析句子中的因果词语，我们可以推断出句子之间的因果关系。

例如，句子中的“because”、“as a result”、“therefore”等词语通常表示原因和结果的关系。

在阅读理解中，我们可以根据这些词语来判断作者的观点和论证。

2. 举例关系：举例关系是用来支持论点或解释观点的一种上下文逻辑关系。

通过分析句子中的例证词语，我们可以了解作者的观点，并加深对文章主题的理解。

例如，句子中的“for example”、“such as”、“like”等词语通常用来引出具体的例子，帮助读者更好地理解作者的观点。

3. 对比关系：对比关系是用来比较两个或多个事物之间的差异和相似之处的一种上下文逻辑关系。

通过分析句子中的对比词语，我们可以推断出句子之间的对比关系。

例如，句子中的“but”、“however”、“on the other hand”等词语通常表示对比关系。

在阅读理解中，我们可以通过对比关系来理解作者的观点和论证。

4. 解释关系：解释关系是用来解释或澄清某个观点或概念的一种上下文逻辑关系。

通过分析句子中的解释词语，我们可以推断出句子之间的解释关系。

例如，句子中的“that is”、“in other words”、“in fact”等词语通常用来解释前文的观点或概念。

在阅读理解中，我们可以通过解释关系来理解作者的意图和论证。

大学英语四六级阅读技巧之弄清文章中的逻辑关联——弄清段落之间的逻辑关联大学英语四六级阅读技巧之弄清文章中的逻辑关联——弄清段落之间的逻辑关联来源：文都教育同学们在做大学英语四六级阅读的时候，明明觉得里面没有不认识的单词，但还是觉得文章读得似懂非懂，做题也做不对答案，问题出在哪儿呢？文都教育大学英语四六级名师结合多年的教学经验，分析得出很大一部分原因在于同学们在做题时没有弄清楚文章的逻辑关联，包括句子之间的关联和段落之间的关联。

如何弄清段落之间的关联呢？文章的各段落是按照某种逻辑顺序发展的。

在阅读时，只要抓住了逻辑的主线，就能很好地理解作者的意思。

段落之间都有哪些逻辑顺序呢？文都教育大学英语四六级名师带你一起梳理。

1)时空顺序在英语文章中，事件的发生、发展都是按照一定的时间、空间以及事情的重要性等逻辑顺序来组织的。

我们的头脑中如果有了一个明确的逻辑顺序，把握了事件在时间、空间发展上的连续性，就有助于快速地理解和抓住中心思想。

这种逻辑关系多见于记叙文、说明文中。

2)对比或比较对比就是把两件事或者是一件事的某两个方面进行对比，从中发现一个事件和另外一个事件的区别，或者是突出一个事件的重要特征和重要性等等。

而比较通常指出的是两种事物的相似之处。

用对比和比较法展开段落主要有两种方式：一是首先叙述完一件事情，再叙述另一件，指出其不同或相同之处，另一种方式是对两件事情同时逐点进行比较。

3)因果关系这类文章通过对事物的成因、结果作出分析，以说明事物的特点，从而证明观点的正确。

或由因推果，由果论因，或由果推果。

有时候是一个原因导致多种结果，有时是多个原因导致一个结果，有时则是多个原因导致多个结果。

这是一种在事实基础上分析来龙去脉的方法。

4)并列关系文章各部分之间的关系是平行的，就是并列式。

这种结构方式一般应用于议论文，但在一些抒情散文和写景散文中也常常见到。

这类文章通常被分成若干部分，从若干方面来叙写、说明和议论，每个部分都是独立完整的部分，各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。

六级阅读常见考点解析：逻辑关系-并列、因果六级阅读常见考点解析：逻辑关系-并列、因果以下是带来的六级阅读常见考点解析：逻辑关系并列、因果，欢迎阅读，更多相关内容尽在Cnfla学习网。

除了最熟识的转折以外，逻辑关系还包含：并列、举例、因果、递进等等。

而紧排在转折之后，相对在历年真题中较多出现的考查处，分别是：并列和因果。

常见表示并列的方式：词语方面有and, Wh呢（同时）,meanwhile, also;标点符号上，通常是两个句子之间用分号（；）隔开，表并列。

常见表因果的方式：词语方面有because, why, the reason, for, so, since, as a result 等。

须要留意的是当why 引导一个问句时，考点出处往往是紧接着回答此问题的句子或相邻的几个排列点或相连几段话的首句。

并列和因果都比较难以察觉，须要同学平常练习过程中就有意识地对这两种逻辑关系进行关注。

真题再现例L (并列)They werent looking for cured meats, organic produce or beaut讦ul presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldnt compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.(20××.6,cet 4)3. Why couldnt Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A.Its food lacked variety.B.Its people cared more for quantity.C.It was short of well-trained chefs.D.It didnt have flavourful food ingredients.B本段后半部分提到，这种只重数量不重质量的习惯持续了几十年，这意味着一代英国人是被无法和邻近的法国、意大利、比利时和西班牙相媲美的食物养大的。

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌英语四六级大纲在阅读理解部分都指出：测试学生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力。

因此，为了有针对性的考查大家对书面信息的获取能力，经过对历年真题的归纳总结发现，四六级考点出处有一定特征。

第一大特征：逻辑关系处出考题。

今天，先带大家看看大家最熟悉的考点出处：转折处出考点。

常见转折关联词有：but, however, yet, nevertheless, while（然而）, on the contrary等等。

真题再现例1：A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs –leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.（2010.6, cet4 ）1. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?A. The poorly managed state of her house.B. The high financial costs adding up.C. Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.D. Her daughter's repeated complaints.【答案】D【解析】本段主要描述了Carla Toebe因上网严重影响到生活，最后一句后半句通过转折指出，是她4个女儿的不停抱怨才让她最终意识到自己有了问题（had a problem），而这一问题正是题干中提到的“spending too much time on the Internet”。

英语中常见的十大逻辑关系及其标志词(1) 转折关系but, however, yet(然而), on the contrary, contrary to, contrarily, by(in) contrast (to), whereas, rather than, instead of, unlike, in fact(effect), actually弱转, conversely(2)让步关系although, much as, though, even though(if), even, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, anyhow(anyway), as, while（虽然、尽管、即使）, still（尽管如此）(3)总结关系in sum，in general, overall, to sum up，on the whole, generally(4)举例for example、for instance、such as、including(5) 因果关系Because；in that ＋句子表原因due to；thanks to ；owing to＋名词表原因；since ；now that ；ever since ＋句子表原因because of；on account of；in response to ＋名词表原因；lead to；contribute to；result in＋名词（前因后果）so that；such that；in order that＋句子(强调目的、结果的因果)in view of；in the light of；by virtue of ＋名词鉴于、由于put down to；ascribe to；attribute to；owe to ＋名词归因于so；thus；hence；therefore；consequently (as a consequence/ as a result) ＋句子（因此）for, as, as a result of, with（由于，由于某种条件或原因的存在出现了某种结果）(6)递进关系still、also、indeed、furthermore（进一步）、moreover（而且、此外）、highlighting （突出、强调）、even（甚至、更）、besides(注意区分except), additionally, in addition, what’s more(7)条件关系if, provided/providing that, suppose, supposing, in case (of), in the event of, assume, presumably, so long as, unless, only if, when(8)并列关系and（和）、as well as（也）、likewise（同样的）、while（与此同时）、similarly（类似地）、or（或者）、simultaneously（同时发生地）、meanwhile（同时）、in the meantime、neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also、more…than（9）列举first, then, on one hand, some…others…still others（10）时间关系when, since, as, meanwhile, at the same time仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。

英语阅读逻辑关系词1．因果关系过渡词语：…and so…; another important factor/reason…; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for; hence; for this reason; in consequence; in that…; in view of; owing to; since; so;…so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently2．并列关系过渡词语：and; also; as well as; both…and…; either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…; in the same way; too3．序列关系过渡词语：first…, second…, third…, and so forth; A…, B…, C…, and so forth; next; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point; after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this; simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; next; and then; soon4．递进关系过渡词语：accordingly; as a popular saying goes…; as far as…is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to…; in other words; in the first place…, in the second plac e…; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only…, but also…; not…but…; lastly; for one thing…, for another…5．时间关系过渡词语：afterwards; as soon as; at last; before; eventually; every; first; first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in the meantime; while; now; next; not…until; later; formerly; previously;prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with; to start with; when; then6．转折关系过渡词语：yet; but; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although; although this may be true; even so; even though; however; sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of; regardless of7．条件关系过渡词语：as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless8．重复关系过渡词语：in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; as is mentioned above9．比较关系过渡词语：apart from; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with; in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; simil arly important; equally; when compared with; when in fact…10．举例关系过渡词语：a good example would be; for example; for instance; in this case; in another case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; to demonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; as regards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; such as; like; take…as an example; you may say…11．对比关系过渡词语：after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis; where; conversely; on the one hand…on the other hand…; contrary to; conversely; unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; oppose to; whereas; while12．强调关系过渡词语：definitely; extremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally; surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically; never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely; undeniably; without reservation; believe it or not; especially; particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a ma tter of fact; actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention…; what is more important; notably; that is13．总结关系过渡词语：accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in one word; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole; in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that…; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown; as I have said; all in all。

英语常见逻辑关系1.并列关系：标志词：and; and also; or; neither nor; either or; not only…but (also)…; in the same way; that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally; as well as, same…as;2.递进关系：标志词：also; then; besides; in addition; additionally; furthermore; what is more; moreover; indeed; apart from;above all3.因果关系：标志词：because; for; since; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; thus; so…that; such… that; in order that; accordingly(因此;于是;相应地); due to; thanks to; as a result; in that(= because); now that(既然); because of; considering that, seeing that; in response to; for this reason;Eg. Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.4.转折关系：标志词：but; however; on the contrary; contrarily; by contrast; in contrast; conversely; instead of ; rather than; unlike, on the other hand; unfortunately;5.让步关系：标志词: although; though; even though; even; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; while; as;Eg. While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.King as he was, he was not happy / Child as he is, he knows a lot.Hard though/as he tried, he failed.6.列举关系标志词first\second\last of all; in the first place\in the second place\finally; to begin with\ to continue; first…then; on one hand…on the other hand; for one thing…for another; one…another; some…others…still others;7.对比关系标志词 while; whereas ; as; instead of; rather than; not…but;8.时间关系标志词 when; whenever, before; after; since; as; while; until; till; simultaneously; meanwhile; in the meantime, at the same time;9.条件关系标志词 if; only if; if only; unless, otherwise; as soon as; as long as; providing that; provided that; on condition that; when; whenever; with;10.举例关系标志词 such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them); among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely.但英语在表达逻辑关系时，有的时候是隐性的，逻辑关系比较隐晦，阅读时时需要仔细领会，不能只读意思，不顾逻辑。

英语文章中常见的逻辑关系1.并列关系and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as;2.递进关系also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed;3.因果关系because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;4.转折关系but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;5.让步关系although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of;anyway, anyhow6.列举（顺序）关系first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others; 7.对比关系while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but;8.时间关系when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time;9.条件关系if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with;10.举例关系such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;关联词运用实例说明1．表示举例说明a case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstratea) Many southern cities are growing above the national average — Atlanta is a case in point.b) The news about calcium and kidney stones is a case in point.c) Prisoners should be treated with respect — they are human beings after all.d) These are, after all, very familiar species.e) It's extremely expensive to live in New York. For example, I pay $1, 250 for a one-bedroom apartment.f) Many countries, for example Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.g) Old English was in many ways similar to Modern German. For instance, the nouns, adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected.h) We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport.i) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.j) His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as (=equally) popular.k) One of the most important stages has yet to be started, namely beginning to fit the person into their new job.1) The issues are in two main clusters, namely the safety and the pricing and procurement of drugs.m) The rules make it quite clear what should be done in such a situation.n) We're talking about money —specifically, the money we need to repair our schools.o) One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider.2．表示增补意义additionally, again, along with, also, and, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only...but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what's morea) They may also additionally represent much more; they may indeed have a highly integrating social function.b) And again, these workshops will benefit the community considerably.c) Dunne was murdered, along with three guards.d) Sugar is bad for your teeth. It can also contribute to heart disease.e) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.f) Fry the onions gently, and then add the meat and cook for a few minutes.g) The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities.h) People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.i) We want the economy to grow, but equally we want low inflation.j) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. "k) The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial.l) A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired.m) The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available.n) The tax only affects people on incomes over $200, 000—in other words, the very rich.o) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.p) Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together.q) The system was not only complicated but also ineffective.r) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.s) Money makes money. To put it another way, the more you invest, the greater your potential profit will be.t) The problem demands a global solution. To put it another way, local regulations will have very little effect.u) First you need to collect all the information and make detailed notes. Then you can start to actually write your essay.v) Think about what you owe, too, in terms of mortgages, credit cards, loans or hire purchase.w) Gas is a very efficient fuel. And what' s more, it's clean.3．表示强调above all, anyway, as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, in particular, most important, obviously, of course, surely, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubta) Although it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun.b) He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and anyway it was past midnight by the time he got home.c) And, as a matter of fact, the U. S. Golf Association was delighted.d) Books and people certainly affected him.e) Most of the essays were very good indeed.f) Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in fact she was partially deaf.g) Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.h) But the reverse is true when an attorney represents a person who is obviously guilty or whose guilt is widely perceived.i) This is very obviously the approach of some one writing exclusively and specifically for the young.j) Of course there will be some difficult times ahead.k) If a sign were needed that the Internet has become a real market, the arrival of tax avoidance is surely it.l) Throwing money at the problem is surely not the way to convince people of sincerity.m) It was difficult, to be sure, but somehow we managed to finish the job.n) If we truly believe we can win, then we have a very good chance at doing it.o) Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.p) Sally was without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.4．表示对比或对照by contrast, but, conversely, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yeta) The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.b) The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.c) American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.d) Scandinavian cruises are very popular in the summer; conversely, the Carib bean is most popular in the winter.e) The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.f) Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.g) It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.h) Nuclear power is relatively cheap. On the other hand, you could argue that it's not safe.i) It is equally vital that both should be mentioned, otherwise a client, particularly a buyer, could be seriously misled.j) Unlike most people in the office, I don't come to work by car.k) A bowl of instant oatmeal costs about $1. 5, whereas regular oatmeal costs only $0. 5 per bowl.l) The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.m) Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.n) Last summer there was a drought, yet some people were still watering their lawns every day.5．表示比较by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarlya) After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.b) By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high.c) Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.d) Many business people do not know what sexual harassment is. Equally important, they do not know how to prevent it.e) an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treatf) Cotton production was on the increase. However, it was still a small industry compared to hemp and canvas production.g) The deaf children of hearing parents are almost normal in comparison, having everything except language experience.h) There is often stronger social control evident in the socialisation of girls in comparison to boys.i) Good management accounts separate the well-organised from the rest but are not vital in the same way.j) I don't want him treating me like Jim treated me.k) The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.l) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.6．表示让步admittedly, after all, all the same, although, certainly, clearly, even so, it is true (that), in spite of, nevertheless, of course, still, truea) The technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly.b) Printing and presentation should be as attractive as possible — after all the library is an attractive place, isn't it?c) I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same.d) We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent.e) We are not especially well-treated, certainly not as well as the locals.f) Clearly, the racial problems in America have no easy answers.g) The fines for speeding are large, but even so, they are not always a deterrent.h) And it is true that after his death she ceased to exist for the world beyond the farm.i) But in spite of the hardships, real efforts and progress are being made.j) A false belief may nevertheless be justified.k) Though employment growth is down, the area is still attracting health care, high tech, banking and sports-related industries.7．表示结果accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thusa) Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.b) As many as 2, 500 people died as a result of the earthquake and the ensuing tidal waves.c) Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient.d) The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an important consideration.e) In this way normal healthy people may be tested without inducing any damage in their brain.f) The building work is taking quite a long time, and therefore costing us money.g) Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty. 8．表示转折although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yeta) You can copy down my answers, although I'm not sure if they're right.b) In the US it is normal for the police to carry guns, but not in Britain.c) Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks.d) Pen Pros: Except for personal letters, handwritten notes are withering into extinction.e) The rooms, though small, were pleasant and airy.f) This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.g) In spite of her success, Spencer continues to get depressed.h) Cardew did not join the navy. Instead, he decided to join the theater and become an actor.i) Thus we can talk of a local government system which is different from a central government system but nevertheless interacts with it.j) Reintroduction of food after elemental regimens must nevertheless be undertaken with the greatest of care irrespective of whether or not elimination diets are used.k) The hamburger was tough and overcooked. The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money.l) Stir the sauce until it cools, otherwise it will be lumpy.m) It presumes that reality is dynamic rather than static, and therefore seeks relationships between ideas, to aim at synthesis.n) There is no important theory-based reason why these countries rather than others were selected.o) The offenders were dealt with firmly though fairly.p) They charge incredibly high prices, yet customers keep coming back for more.9．表示结论as has been noted(mentioned，stated)，at last，finally，in a word，all in all，in brief, in conclusion, in short，in sum，in summary，to conclude，to sum up，to summarizea)An inhibition，as mentioned above，is rarely used．b)At last, we were able to afford a house．c)We finally found a decent apartment close to campus．d)Pop，in a word，is fascination versus meaning．e)It was，all in all，more like a prison than an office．f)In brief，the President plarts to cut defense spellding and lowet taxes.g)In conclusion，I want to thank all the people who have volunteered their time to our organization．h)In short，the report says that more money should be spent on education.i)In sum，we need to cut costs．j) In summary, do not sell your shares.k) To conclude, the prospects for philosophy of religion look brighter than they have done for many moons.l) To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. rn) To summarize, in most cases the schools were achieving the standards set.10．表示顺序and, besides, finally, first, firstly, further, in the first place, last, next, second, secondly, third, thirdly, to begin with, to start with,a) It also assigned staff people to work with individual companies that wanted to launch a program.b) This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.c) You need to know what tights you have and how to use them.d) Besides going to aerobics twice a week, she tides horses on Saturdays.e) And finally, I' d like to thank the crew.f) First, I'd like to thank everyone for coming.g) The application of the five stages to the task illustrated would involve, firstly, the definition of the task.h) It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad. "i) And there i. s the question of the relevance of the trading of information in the first place.j) Connect the red wires first and the black ones last.k) First you need to select the text you want to move. Next, click on the "Move" command at the top of the screen.l) But, second, in the vast majority of markets, efficient production can be attained with a high degree of competition.m) The more you practise the better you will become at selecting historical information to suit firstly your essay and secondly your argument.n) To begin with, much of this new housing is not affordable.o) I' m not going to Vegas. To start with, I don' t like gambling, and I also can' t get time off work.。

英语阅读逻辑关系解析英语阅读考试需要我们从分析阅读文章的句子着手，抓住主要信息，从而提炼句意，英语阅读最需要积累的一项语言能力，词汇、句法、乃至常见的写法、思路都需要一个循序渐进的过程，下面我们来介绍一下有关英语阅读四大逻辑关系：毫无疑问，但凡学过英语的人都知道，英语阅读不考语法，也不单纯考词汇，但是词汇量越大，语法越好，读起文章来就越轻松，做起题来就越得心应手--特别是对于填空类题目更是如此。

那么是不是意味着，词汇量大，语法很好，就能够轻松拿到高分?答案自然是否定的，英语博士们不是个个都能做满分的，但是普通大学生，甚至是高中生，也有可能拿到高分。

也有高中生考到了7.5，甚至8.5的。

那这里面的奥秘又在哪里呢?一个学员在有了词汇、语法的基础上怎么才能向高分发起冲刺呢，这里我们要探讨就是英语阅读考试里面所隐含的逻辑关系，理清了这些逻辑关系，搞明白了文章和题目的基本思路，那么许许多多的问题就迎刃而解了。

英语阅读里隐含的逻辑结构林林总总，但是大致我们可以归纳为以下四种，我们叫做英语阅读四大逻辑关系：因果逻辑关系，并列逻辑关系，比较逻辑关系，转折逻辑关系。

这四种逻辑关系不仅涉及到了题目的半壁江山，而且对于理解一篇文章，或者段落的某些句子具有重大意义，接下来，我就讲一一分解它们，希望能给学习英语阅读的同学一些启示和参考。

一、因果逻辑关系既然是因果关系，那么就存在谁因谁果的问题，世间没有无因之果，也没有无果之因，cause和effect是相互依存的，在任何一个句子中出现了表述原因的词，必然能看到其结果，反之亦然……二、并列逻辑关系并列逻辑关系是这四种逻辑关系里面最简单，最容易理解的一种，对于很多同学来说，无外乎就是and, or这两个词……三、比较逻辑关系说到比较逻辑关系，大家可能首先想到的则是T，F，NG中对比较关系的判断，诚然，判断题里比较级是一大考点，但是比较逻辑关系的运用比这要广泛得多，做此类题时要记住两个原则即可：原则一：如果题目存在比较级，回原文去找比较级，如果题目是最高级，则抓最高级，或者extremely，或者比较级和最高级替换着找都可。