大圆坯连铸凝固传热过程的数值模拟
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第52卷第11期 2020年11月工程建设Engineering Construction7连铸坯地下运输过程中的传热过程数值模拟王业峰、刘前\周浩宇",陈小赞、李谦1陈思墨1(1.中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司,湖南长沙410205; 2.中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南长沙410083; 3.浙江大学能源工程学院,浙江杭州310027)摘要:针对初始温度为800丈的连铸坯在地下通道内运输过程中的传热过程,建立数值计算模型,重 点关注和考察地下通道混凝土、连铸坯及加装隔热罩后的温度状态。
结果表明:连铸坯进人地下通道后加热混凝土壁面使其温度迅速上升,混凝土上侧壁面温度上升最快,最高温度达到492. 85 地下通道空间内空气温度明显低于连铸坯和混凝土表面温度,连铸坯向混凝土壁面的传热主要方式为辐射传热;混凝土上侧壁面温度分布不均匀,与连铸坯正对区域的温度最高,是考察混凝土材料高温环境下安全状况时需重点关注的位置;隔热罩具有保护混凝土和对连铸坯保温的作用,能使混凝土温度维持在1〇〇 t以下,并维持连铸坯表面平均温度在700 t以上。
关键词:连铸坯运输;传热状况;温度分布;隔热罩;数值模拟中图分类号:T K124 文献标志码:A文章编号=1673-8993(2020)丨卜0007-05doi:10. 13402/j.gcjs.2020. 11. 002Numerical simulation on heat transfer in undergroundtransportation process of continuous casting billetsWang Yefeng1, Liu Qian1, Zhou Haoyu1 2, Chen Xiaozan1, Li Qian13, Chen Simo1 (X.Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co. yLtd. f Changsha 410205,Hunan;2. School o f Minerals Processing & Bioengineering y Central South University ^ Changsha 4100S3, H unan;3.School o f Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou310027, Zhejiang)Abstract: A numerical model is established against the heat transfer process with the 800 °C initial temperature of the continuous casting billets during the transportation process in the underground tunnel, and the underground passage concrete, continuous casting billets and the temperature status adding heat shield are focused on and investigated. The results show that the concrete walls are heated after the continuous casting billets enter into the underground passage. The temperature of the upper concrete wall rises the fastest with the highest temperature of 492. 85 X i. The air temperature in the underground passage space is obviously lower than that of surface of the continuous casting billets and the concrete wall, which means that radiation heat transfer is the main heat transfer mode from continuous casting billets to the concrete wall. The temperature distribution of the upper concrete wall is not uniform. The highest temperature area is the area directly opposite to the continuous casting billets. T hus,the area directly opposite to the continuous casting billets need more attention when investigating the safety situation of concrete materials at high temperatures. The heat shield has the function of heat preservation to the concrete and the continuous casting billets,the temperature of the concrete wall keeps below 100 Tl and the average temperature of the continuous casting billets surface keeps above 700 X l.Key words;transportation of continuous casting billets;heat transfer status;temperature distribution;heat shield ;numerical simulation收稿日期:2020-09-29基金项目:湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ5994)作者简介:王业峰(1992 —),男,工程师,从事工业炉窑热工方向数值仿真、实验及相关装备开发的研究工作。
铸件凝固过程中热应力场及热裂的数值模拟研究分析1 铸件凝固过程数值模拟的意义及概况自1962年丹麦Fround第1个采用电子计算机模拟铸件凝固过程以来,计算机在铸造工艺研究中得到了广泛的应用,如凝固过程温度场、热应力场的数值模拟,充型过程流速场的数值模拟;组织形态及力学性能的数值模拟等。
通过这些单1或复合过程的数值模拟,可以分析铸件中存在的各种缺陷的产生原因,进而采取相应工艺措施来消除缺陷,实现工艺优化,同时可以节省大量的人力、物力和财力,缩短产品从设计到应用的周期,增强产品的市场竞争能力。
如今,在芬兰,90%以上的铸造厂在日常中应用铸造模拟软件辅助铸造工艺设计;世界上一些大型的汽车公司的铸造厂,如美国的通用、福特,德国的奔驰等,都把数值模拟软件作为1种日常工具来使用。
近10年来,涌现出了许多优秀的铸造过程数值模拟软件,如美国的ProCast、德国的MAGMASoft、芬兰的CastCAE、西班牙的ForCast、日本的CASTEM、法国的SIMULOR软件等。
从功能上看,许多软件可以对砂型铸造、金属型铸造、精密铸造、压力铸造等多种工艺进行温度场、流场、应力场的数值模拟,可以预测铸件的缩孔、缩松、裂纹等缺陷和铸件各部位的组织。
国内在经历了10多年的基础研究和发展后,也出现了一些技术水平接近国外商品化的应用软件,可以进行铸钢、铸铁件砂型铸造时的三维温度场模拟及收缩缺陷的预测,以及对铸钢、铝合金件的热应力场进行模拟。
总的来说,国外软件的通用性强,能进行铸造全过程的数值模拟,并具有较强的后置处理功能及友好的用户界面。
建模方便,易于模型设计和修改,便于用户掌握和使用。
其计算精度与运算速度等方面也能满足需要。
正因为如此,国外模拟软件已经成为实际生产中的有力工具.国内不少用户趋向于采用大型通用工程软件如:COSMOS、ANSYS、ADINA等进行模拟计算。
2 数值模拟的基础性研究2.1 铸件凝固过程温度场数值模拟经过几十年的发展,铸件凝固过程温度场数值模拟技术已日臻成熟。
设计与计算!"#$TECHNOLOGY 10.3969/j.issn.l673—3355.2021.02.001超大断面圆坯垂直半连铸凝固过程模拟分析邢思深!,屈磊!,张亮&,戴广惠!摘要:采用垂直半连铸工艺制备直径超过01000mm大型圆坯的方法,是一种优化生产流程,降低材料损耗,提铸坯质量,铸的制。
和。
过01600mm大在同速下的直铸过发现在过程中的和的逐步稳定™:速对完成时的着的,速0.4m/mi*时,的V,在束时,在钢水水压力作用下的应力和都较小,漏钢事故的可能较低。
在:0.4m/mi*速下成的初始V:可保在后续中前沿的自下而上的顺序过™因此,01600mm大在垂直半铸条件下的速度应小于0.4m/min™关键词:直半连铸;超大断面圆坯;凝固过程;拉坯速度;静水压力中图分类号:TF777文献标识码:B文章编号:1673-3355(2021)02-0001-07Simulation Analysis of Solidification of Round Blooms with Super-Large Cross-Section during Vertical Semi-Continuous Casting Process Xing Sishen,Qu Lei,Zhang Liang,Dai Guanghui Abstract:The vertical semi-continuous casting technique for large round blooms in diameter equal to or beyond01000mm is a revolutionary way to optimize the production process,reduce material loss,improve the quality of blooms and break the size limit of continuous casting process.The technique allows the solidification to happen in two stages:casting and standstill cooling.The analysis by simulating the solidification of a01600mm large round bloom during vertical semi-continuous casting process at different casting speed reveals that the temperature of liquid steel in the mold and the shell thickness at the outlet become stable gradually during casting,and the casting speed of significant effect on the shape of the molten pool should be lower than0.4m/min.for vertical semi-continuous casting of01600mm large round blooms because the molten pool presents a V-shape in the longitudinal cross section when the casting speed is lower than0.4m/min.,which can reduce the risk of breakout accidents when the casting operation ends because the solidified shell suffers lower stress and deformation under hydrostatic pressure of the molten steel inside it,and can allow the solidification to occur obviously from the bottom to the top during standstill cooling.Key words:vertical semi-continuous casting;round bloom with super-large cross-section;solidification;casting speed;hydrostatic pressure随着核电、风电、水电和钢铁行业的快速发展及装备逐步大型化,市场对高质量大型铸锻件的需求量越来越大,其中由高品质特殊钢制成的、直径超过01000mm的大型轴类铸锻件是市场需求较多的一类产品,被广泛应用在大型支承辐、风机轴、核电和水电发电机组转子、船舶主轴、轴承等领域。
铸造凝固过程数值模拟时间:2007-4-11 9:03:441.1 概述在铸造生产中,铸件凝固过程是最重要的过程之一,大部分铸造缺陷产生于这一过程。
凝固过程的数值模拟对优化铸造工艺,预测和控制铸件质量和各种铸造缺陷以及提高生产效率都非常重要。
凝固过程数值模拟可以实现下述目的:1)预知凝固时间以便预测生产率。
2)预知开箱时间。
3)预测缩孔和缩松。
4)预知铸型的表面温度以及内部的温度分布,以便预测金属型表面熔接情况,方便金属型设计。
5)控制凝固条件。
6)为预测铸应力,微观及宏观偏析,铸件性能等提供必要的依据和分析计算的基础数据。
铸件凝固过程数值模拟开始于60年代,丹麦FORSU ND把有限差分法第一次用于铸件凝固过程的传热计算。
之后美国HEN ZEL和KE UERIAN应用瞬态传热通用程序对汽轮机内缸体铸件进行数值计算,得出了温度场,计算结果与实测结果相当接近。
这些尝试的成功,使研究者认识到用计算数值模拟技术研究铸件的凝固过程具有巨大的潜力和广阔的前景。
于是世界上许多国家都相继开展了铸件凝固过程数据模拟以及与之相关的研究工作。
1.2 数学模型的建立和程序设计液态金属浇入铸型,它在型腔内的冷却凝固过程是一个通过铸型向环境散热的过程。
在这个过程中,铸件和铸型内部温度分布要随时间变化。
从传热方式看,这一散热过程是按导热、对流及辐射三种方式综合进行的。
显然,对流和辐射的热流主要发生在边界上。
当液态金属充满型腔后,如果不考虑铸件凝固过程中液态金属中发生的对流现象,铸件凝固过程基本上看成是一个不稳定导热过程。
因此铸件凝固过程的数学模型正是根据不稳定导热偏微分方程建立的。
但还必须考虑铸件凝固过程中的潜热释放。
基于分析和计算模型开发相应的程序,即可实现铸造凝固过程温度场的计算。
第6期 2009年12月连铸Continuous CastingNo.6December 2009关于连铸凝固传热数值模拟中钢液有效导热系数的探讨邹达基, 邹宗树(东北大学材料与冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110004)摘 要:在建立板坯连铸一维非稳态凝固传热数学模型的基础上,考虑到液相区的流动和传热状态随拉坯方向的变化,研究了有效导热系数与固相导热系数的比值m (λeff /λs )的处理方法对计算结果的影响。
结果表明,在相同的二冷条件下,m 取不同的常数对模型计算结果影响很大。
在相同的二冷条件下,将m 取为常数和取为随拉坯方向变化的变量都可以得到相同的液相穴深度,但二者的凝固壳厚度随拉坯方向的变化有一定的差别,并且出结晶器坯壳厚度差别较大。
改变二冷条件,上述二者液相穴深度不再相等。
因此,将m 取为常数的处理方法是不合理的。
关键词:板坯连铸;凝固传热;数值模拟;液相有效导热系数中图分类号:TF777.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:100524006(2009)0620005204Discussion on E ffective Therm al Conductivity of Molten Steel inNumerical Simulation of Solidif ication in Continuous C astingZOU Da 2ji , ZOU Zo ng 2shu(School of Materials and Metallurgy ,Northeastern University ,Shenyang ,110004,Liaoning ,China )Abstract :Considering the variation of flow and heat transfer conditions in the region of slab continuous castingstrand ,the influence of m (λeff /λS )ratio of effective thermal conductivity to solid thermal conductivity on simulationresult was studied with a one 2dimensional unsteady solidification heat transfer model.The results showed that under the same secondary cooling condition ,the value of m has a great effect on the model calculating result ;the same depth of liquid core can be obtained with a constant m or a variable m along with casting direction ,but the variations of solidified shell thickness are different f rom each other ,particularly at the exit of the mold.Moreover ,if the sec 2ondary cooling condition is changed ,the depths of liquid core will no longer be equal to each other.Therefore ,the taking m as a constant is unreasonable.K ey w ords :slab continuous casting ;solidification heat transfer ;numerical simulation ;liquid effective thermal con 2ductivity作者简介:邹达基(19862),男,硕士生; E 2m ail :daji141@ 修订日期:2009206217符号表τ———时间,st p ———浇注温度,℃q w ———热流密度,W/m 2A ,B ———常数τ0———凝固时间,s α———对流给热系数,W/(m 2・℃)t w ———铸坯表面温度,℃t f 1———冷却水温度,℃t f 2———环境温度,℃W ———水流密度,L/m 2・s ε———铸坯表面黑度,一般取0.8σ———波尔兹曼常数,5.67×10-8W/(m 2・K 4)T ———温度,℃T l ,T s ———液相线、固相线温度,℃f s ———固相率C s ,C l ,C s -l ———固相区、液相区、两相区比热容,J /(kg ・℃)L f ———凝固潜热,低碳钢可取310800J /kg [2]λs ———固相导热系数,W/(m ・℃)λeff ———有效导热系数,W/(m ・℃)1 问题的提出在凝固传热的数值模拟中,对液相导热系数的处理是必须解决的问题。
连铸初始凝固过程温度波动数学模拟与解析*雷作胜,金小礼,马宁博,任忠鸣,邓康, 钟云波(上海大学,上海市现代冶金与材料制备重点实验室, 上海200072) 摘要通过独特设计的实验测量了结晶器振动过程中,连铸初始凝固点温度变化情况,发现初始凝固点温度存在与结晶器振动相对应的温度波动现象。
一个将结晶器振动考虑进来的三维非稳态传热数学模型的计算结果,也表明该温度波动现象的存在。
另外,传热数学解析表明,在结晶器内侧存在温度波动的情况下,无论有无保护渣,在钢水内部每一点都存在着与表面温度波动频率一致的温度波动,但其幅值随深度的增加而下降;在无保护渣的情况下,表面温度波动在钢水中的渗透深度约为1~2mm;保护渣的存在对温度波动有很大的衰减作用,因而能提高铸坯表面的质量;另外,采用高频率小振幅的振动,降低保护渣导热率,增加保护渣道宽度,都能有效地减小温度波动对初始凝固坯壳的影响。
这一现象可以用来解释现有的一些技术改善铸坯表面质量的原因。
关键词连铸结晶器振动振痕表面质量温度波动The Mathematical Modeling and Analyses on Temperature Fluctuation of Initial Solidified Process in Continuous Casting LEI Zuosheng, JIN Xiaoli, MA Ningbo,REN Zhongming, DENG Kang,ZHONG Yunbo (Shanghai University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy & Material Processing, China) Abstract The Initial Solidified Point (ISP) temperature fluctuation during continuous casting caused by mold reciprocation was measured by a newly developed method. The repeated experiments results show that the ISP temperature varied periodically along with mold oscillation. The phenomena of temperature fluctuation during continuous casting were confirmed by a newly developed 3-dimension non-steady heat transfer mathematical modeling. A one-dimension heat transfer mathematic model shows that when there was a temperature fluctuation in the inner mould wall, there were corresponding temperature fluctuations at every point in the molten steel, whose frequency is the same as the boundary condition and amplitude decreased along with the increasing depth whether there was mould flux between mould and steel or not. The influence depth of surface temperature fluctuation in molten steel is about 1~2 mm when there was no mould flux. The surface temperature fluctuation attenuated rapidly when there was mould flux. Therefore mould flux was helpful to improve the billets surface quality. In addition, high frequency and low amplitude mould oscillation, decrease the thermal conductivity of mould flux and increase the mould flux channel width are all helpful to decrease the influence on early solidified shell caused by surface temperature fluctuation. Based on the phenomenon, the mechanism of how some technologies improve surface quality of continuous casting billets is analyzed. Their common mechanism was the decreasing of the temperature fluctuation of early solidification shell.Key words Continuous casting, Mold oscillation, Oscillation marks, Surface quality, temperature fluctuation.1. 前言随着技术的日益成熟,连铸朝着近终形、高速度、高质量方向发展[1],对铸坯质量的要求不断提高,铸坯表面振痕受到越来越多的关注。
收稿日期:2001201215; 修订日期:2004203214作者简介:李东辉(19682 ),女,辽宁沈阳人,讲师,博士.研究方向:连铸过程机控制系统.Em ail :annie6821@连铸凝固传热过程的数值模拟李东辉1,2,邱以清1,刘相华1,王国栋1(1.东北大学轧制技术与连轧自动化国家重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110004;2.沈阳工业学院,辽宁沈阳110045)摘要:研究和开发了连铸凝固传热过程数值模拟程序,并以生产厂的铸坯为研究对象,计算了铸坯断面温度分布和凝固壳厚度,该模型考虑了结晶器表面散热的不均匀性,处理了凝固时相变所产生的结晶潜热,将计算出的断面温度、坯壳厚度等数据与生产实验测得的数据相比较,吻合性很好。
他可用来优化连铸工艺参数,是进一步开发在线控制模型的基础。
关键词:连铸;数值模拟;热传输;数学模型中图分类号:TG249.7 文献标识码:A 文章编号:100028365(2004)0720529202Numerical Simulation of Continuous C asting during Solidif ication and H eart 2transferring ProcessL I Dong 2hui 1,2,Q IU Y i 2qing 1,L IU Xiang 2hua 1,WAN G Guo 2dong 1(1.The State K ey Laboratory of Rolling and Automation of Northeastern University ,Shenyang 110004,China ;2.Shenyang Institute of Technology ,Shenyang 110045,China )Abstract :A solidification and heat transferring process of continuous casting has researched and developed.It is applied to calculate the temperature distribution and solid shell thickness in a steel plant.Uneven elimination of heat in the mould surface is considered.The model includes variable thermal constant and freezing latent heat generated by phase changes during solidification.The thermal profile and solid shell thickness calculated by mathematical model agree with those get by experimental measurements.The model could also be used to predict the optimum process parameters in continuous casting ,and it could be a base of the development of on 2line control models.K ey w ords :Continuous casting ;Numerical simulation ;Heat 2transferring process ;Mathematical model 连铸过程中铸坯的温度分布对于产品品质、产量是非常重要的,铸坯各种缺陷的形成,通常与不合理的温度分布有关。