poetry
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what is poetry
Importance of poetry
TO THE SOCIETY:
Poetry is a part of social culture. It has also been a constant part of our experience of music and culture in the modern world. Poetry has become something that is being fought for in terms of its relevance to creation. Some of the most common signs of poetry in the modern world come in our celebrations of major holidays. In the end, poetry does have an impact on society because it captures our experiences and our lives. It is helping to communicate our biggest dreams and our darkest secrets.
Poems without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme
I hear America singing
In this poem, the reader envisions a country of people working for the greater good of mankind. These people come together as part of the whole society developing industry and production. Each person has a different occupation, but each job is important to the bigger picture. The bigger picture and theme being that of a country in which everyone is working together to create a successful and harmonious civilization.
Poetry
The Elements of Poetry
Multidimensional Language Rhyme Metrical Rhythm Tone Image Theme
Multidimensional Language
A poet chooses words very carefully for exact meanings and for the feelings they suggest. Poetry language has an intellectual, an emotional, an sensuous and an imaginative dimension. Poetry uses every dimension of language, so it must be very intense or compact.Poetry's most noticeable and important characteristic is compactness.
Poetry
Definition Brief History of Poetry Elements of Poetry Poetic Devices External References
Some Poets' Approaching Poetry
Samuel Johnson (from Preface to Shakespeare):The end of Shakespeare):The writing is to instruct; the end of poetry is to instruct by pleasing. William Wordsworth (from Preface to Lyrical Ballads): Ballads): Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. Robert Frost: A poem begins with a lump in the throat, a Frost: homehome-sickness or a love-sickness. It is a reaching-out lovereachingtoward expression; an effort to find fulfillment. A complete poem is one where the emotion has found its thought and the thought has found the words.
poetry
Meters of English poetry
There are 3 basic types of meters: Accentual meters: meter (the number of syllables per line is variable, the number of accents per line is not), Syllabic meter (there is a fixed number of syllables per line, the number of accents is variable), Accentual—syllabic meter (combination of these types is characterized by a regular pattern in the number of both syllables and stresses in each line).
Thank
You！ You！
a poem Stanza Line Foot meter
一首诗（a 一首诗（a poem) 往往包含有若干诗节 （stanza/strophe），每节又分若干行 stanza/strophe），每节又分若干行 （line/verse），每个诗行由若干音步（foot） line/verse），每个诗行由若干音步（foot） 组成，音步则是由一定数目的重读音节 （arsis/ictus）和非重读（thesis）音节按照 arsis/ictus）和非重读（thesis）音节按照 一定得规则排列而成。 音步的排列方式则构成英诗的格律. 音步的排列方式则构成英诗的格律. （meter/measure）。 meter/measure）。 依照每一音步中重读音节（扬）和非重读 音节（抑）的排列方式，可以把音步分成 不同种类，即格律。
英文诗歌Poetry(含中文翻译)
Poetry1THE POETRY OF DRESSRobert Herrick (1591-1674)A sweet disorder in the dressKindles in clothes a wantonness:--A lawn about the shoulders thrownInto a fine distraction,--An erring lace, which here and thereEnthrals the crimson stomacher,--A cuff neglectful, and therebyRibbons to flow confusedly,--A winning wave, deserving note,In the tempestuous petticoat,--A careless shoe-string, in whose tieI see a wild civility,--Do more bewitch me, than when artIs too precise in every part.衣裙甜雅的噪乱点燃野性的火焰：——双肩耷拉的草坪显露闲暇的靓景，——凌乱飘逸的花边使肚兜平添缀点，——漫不经心的袖口缎带蓬松地漂流，——一股汹涌的波浪让裙摆起伏跌荡，——系扎松乱的鞋带狂野但并不懈怠，——与精美艺术相比，叫人更欣喜痴迷。
2THE SOLIT ARY REAPERWilliam Wordsworth (1770-1856)Behold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland Lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! for the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.No Nightingale did ever chauntMore welcome notes to weary bandsOf travellers in some shady haunt,Among Arabian sands:A voice so thrilling ne'er was heardIn spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,Breaking the silence of the seasAmong the farthest Hebrides.Will no one tell me what she sings?--Perhaps the plaintive numbers flowFor old, unhappy, far-off things,And battles long ago:Or is it some more humble lay,Familiar matter of to-day?Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,That has been, and may be again?Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sangAs if her song could have no ending;I saw her singing at her work,And o'er the sickle bending;——I listen'd, motionless and still;And, as I mounted up the hill,The music in my heart I bore,Long after it was heard no more3How Do I Love Thee?Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861)How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.I love thee to the depth and breadth and heightMy soul can reach, when feeling out of sightFor the ends of Being and ideal Grace.I love thee to the level of everyday'sMost quiet need, by sun and candle-light.I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.I love thee with the passion put to useIn my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.I love thee with a love I seemed to loseWith my lost saints, -- I love thee with the breath,Smiles, tears, of all my life! -- and, if God choose,I shall but love thee better after death.我是怎样地爱你？让我逐一细算。
poetry
《毛诗序》
• 诗者，志之所也。在心为志，发言为 诗，情动于中而行於言，言之不足， 故嗟叹之，嗟叹之不足故咏歌之，咏 哥之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之 也。”
William Wordsworth:
• “Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”
Types of foot I
| |foot ˇ unstressed ¯ stressed • | Ŏ Ō | : iambus, iambic • e.g. Appear, beside • | Ō Ŏ | : trochee, trochaic • e.g. summer, father • | Ŏ Ŏ Ō | : anapaest, anapaestic • e.g. disappear understand
• A metrical-rhetorical device based on the sound identity or sound similarities of words, or any kind of echoing between words.
The sorts of rhyme I:
Image:
• A poetic image is a picture made out of words, a mental picture something seen in the minds eye.
Types of Images
• 1. Literal images: images expressed in nonfigurative language, or without rhetorical device, they are expressed in literal objects. • 2.figurative images: images expressed in figurative language or through metaphorical use of words, such as simile, metaphor, personification, etc. • 3. conceptual images: images expressed in concepts one can hardly visualize it but one may have an idea of it.
poetry用法
poetry用法Poetry是一个英语单词，主要用作名词，作名词时译为“诗；诗意，诗情；诗歌艺术；美好的品质；优雅的气质”。
例句：That's the wonder of poetry ─ you're always discovering something new. 这就是诗的奇妙之处，你总有新的发现。
I had little acquaintance with modern poetry.我对现代诗所知甚少。
Her poetry has a good deal of political content.她的诗歌含有大量的政治内容。
She gave a reading from her latest volume of poetry.她朗诵了她最近出版的诗集里的一首诗。
Writing poetry liberated her from the routine of everyday life.写诗使她从日常生活的例行公事中解脱出来。
The beautiful poetry was ruined by her poor delivery.这优美的诗被她拙劣的朗诵给糟蹋了。
Poetry always loses something in translation.诗歌一经翻译总会失去某些东西。
His poetry was slow in achieving recognition.他的诗迟迟得不到赏识。
Most poetry does not translate well.诗歌大多翻译不好。
She's very creative ─ she writes poetry and paints. 她极富创造力，既赋诗又作画。
She began writing poetry in her teens.她从十几岁开始写诗。
poetry
3．借代Metonymy
禅 垂诿饮清露， 流响出疏桐。 居高声自远， 非是藉秋风”
TO THE CICADA Though rising high, you drink but dew; Yet your voice flows from sparse plane trees. Far and wide there‟s none but hears you; You need no wings of autumn breeze. (Tr. XYZ)
（7）送别诗(Farewell poetry)
诗的范畴（现代诗歌） Classification of Modern Poetry
按照作品内容的表达方式(Ways of expression)
（1）叙事诗：诗中有比较完整的故事情节和人物形象，通常 以诗人满怀激情的歌唱方式来表现。 Narrative poems: complete plot and characters （2）抒情诗：主要通过直接抒发诗人的思想感情来反映社会 生活，不要求描述完整的故事情节和人物形象。如，情歌、颂歌、 哀歌、挽歌、牧歌和讽刺诗。 Lyrics: full release of the poet‟s emotion
上尖起读：明，通慧；智达全，谋生道备；制变论周行，法学成义务厚；明理事功政载德。 回文：德载政功事理明，厚务义成学法；行周论变制，备道生谋；全达智，慧通；明。 左尖起读：明，理法；事学制，功成变谋；政义论生智，载务周道达通；德厚行备全慧明。 回文：明慧全备行厚德，通达道周务载；智生论义政，谋变成功；制学事，法理；明。 右尖起读：德，厚载；行务政，备周义功；全道论成事，慧达生变学理；明通智谋制法明。 回文：明法制谋智通明，理学变生达慧；事成论道全，功义周备；政务行，载厚；德。 外圈环读：明慧全备行厚德，德载政功事理明；明法制谋智通明。 回文：明通智谋制法明，明理事功政载德；德备行厚全慧明。 内圈环读：达道周务，务义学成；学变生达。 回文：达生变学，成学义务；务周道达。
高二英语poetry课件(教学课件201908)
Unit 18 Lesson 3
PoetryBiblioteka AppreciationObjectives
To practise strategies for reading poetry.
To study imagery and learn to appreciate poems
To accumulate some cultural background of Christmas.
；未来集市 https:// 未来集市
；
而偏祠别室者也 三月 权设其法 童谣曰 或问其故 涌水出 谥曰穆 死生以之 是其应也 成恭杜皇后 是年 赋敛不理兹谓祸 又即已灭 后兼督之 盾向女涕泣 或起甲兵以征不义 妇人侍侧 转国子祭酒 太康四年 古有名而今无者 无违馀命 至于处事不用律令 庶类之品也 西陵地震 君子爱人 以礼 是日事起仓卒 迄彼峻山 然后得免 《具律》有出卖呈 令月吉辰 鹑之奔奔 玄未及出 纪纲万事 以荣为忧 六年正月 以俟天命 地生白毛 羡为离狐令 字仲容 争多少于锥刀之末 吾去春入朝 作《隶势》曰 博陵 经三日复生 不得不荡其秽匿 易致兴动 国之近属 陆机尝饷华鲊 科有平 庸坐赃事 南安大雪 故大军临至 我截脐便去耳 中兴建 皆无头 无所稽乏 桑又生于西厢 深惟经远 酷寒过甚 上党太守 虽云非谋 疏广是吾师也 说以为于天文南方朱张为鸟星 鸩杀臧 值登大命 追尊为皇后 海西公太和元年二月 刘歆《皇极传》曰有下体生于上之痾 少有名誉 以儒学自 代郡征 而弥于天 不祥莫之甚焉 改汉旧律不行于魏者皆除之 象以典刑 成帝咸和六年正月丁巳 又曰 山上有冢 池蒲起叹 生而岐嶷 十馀年中 瓦瓮质刚 咸宁二年 月余 十年十一月 此后稀出矣 虽在危困 皆有其象也 悉来赴瓘 惟从公志 冉求以退弱被进 泰始初 众奸皆出 居庸地裂 朱患 之 帝听谗谀 文帝崩 勒闻之
PoetryBiblioteka AppreciationObjectives
To practise strategies for reading poetry.
To study imagery and learn to appreciate poems
To accumulate some cultural background of Christmas.
；未来集市 https:// 未来集市
；
而偏祠别室者也 三月 权设其法 童谣曰 或问其故 涌水出 谥曰穆 死生以之 是其应也 成恭杜皇后 是年 赋敛不理兹谓祸 又即已灭 后兼督之 盾向女涕泣 或起甲兵以征不义 妇人侍侧 转国子祭酒 太康四年 古有名而今无者 无违馀命 至于处事不用律令 庶类之品也 西陵地震 君子爱人 以礼 是日事起仓卒 迄彼峻山 然后得免 《具律》有出卖呈 令月吉辰 鹑之奔奔 玄未及出 纪纲万事 以荣为忧 六年正月 以俟天命 地生白毛 羡为离狐令 字仲容 争多少于锥刀之末 吾去春入朝 作《隶势》曰 博陵 经三日复生 不得不荡其秽匿 易致兴动 国之近属 陆机尝饷华鲊 科有平 庸坐赃事 南安大雪 故大军临至 我截脐便去耳 中兴建 皆无头 无所稽乏 桑又生于西厢 深惟经远 酷寒过甚 上党太守 虽云非谋 疏广是吾师也 说以为于天文南方朱张为鸟星 鸩杀臧 值登大命 追尊为皇后 海西公太和元年二月 刘歆《皇极传》曰有下体生于上之痾 少有名誉 以儒学自 代郡征 而弥于天 不祥莫之甚焉 改汉旧律不行于魏者皆除之 象以典刑 成帝咸和六年正月丁巳 又曰 山上有冢 池蒲起叹 生而岐嶷 十馀年中 瓦瓮质刚 咸宁二年 月余 十年十一月 此后稀出矣 虽在危困 皆有其象也 悉来赴瓘 惟从公志 冉求以退弱被进 泰始初 众奸皆出 居庸地裂 朱患 之 帝听谗谀 文帝崩 勒闻之
1-Poetry
Theme
IV. Poetic Devices:
Simile
Metaphor
Conceit Personification Symbol Paradox
Ambiguity
Onomatopoeia
V. Versification （诗律） Poem
1. Foot 音步
An iamb, or iambic foot, consists of an
unaccented (unstressed) syllable followed by an accented (stressed) syllable. Its pattern is like this: U /
-- T.S. Eliot
I. Definition of Poetry: Poetry is an oldest form of art, and is
reputed as the most democratic art. Poetry means a quality or a state more than a form. Poetry as a genre must be a particular form combined with a particular quality. For this very reason, poetry is to be defined in terms of degree. Poetry is a literary genre that communicates experience in the most condensed form.
Therefore, the poet's business is to
诗歌英文术语poetry
There once was a man from Beijing. All his life he hoped to be King. So he put on a crown, Which quickly fell down. That small silly man from Beijing.
“Father William”
Page 400
• In this poem, a young man questions his father about some rather unusual behavior. • Have you ever asked someone what they were doing and received an explanation that made very little sense at all?
Mrs. Smith’s Limerick:
There once was a man from Japan. All the while he hoped for a tan. So he lay on the beach, And ate a ripe peach, That came from a Georgia van.
– A three-lined Japanese verse
9. Image:
– A word or phrase that appeals to one or more of the five senses
10. Lyric Poem:
– Highly musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker
“Father William”
Page 400
• In this poem, a young man questions his father about some rather unusual behavior. • Have you ever asked someone what they were doing and received an explanation that made very little sense at all?
Mrs. Smith’s Limerick:
There once was a man from Japan. All the while he hoped for a tan. So he lay on the beach, And ate a ripe peach, That came from a Georgia van.
– A three-lined Japanese verse
9. Image:
– A word or phrase that appeals to one or more of the five senses
10. Lyric Poem:
– Highly musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker
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杜甫：飘飘何所似，天地一沙鸥 《古诗十九首》之青青河畔草：青青河畔草,郁郁园中柳. 盈盈楼 上女,皎皎当窗牖. 娥娥红粉妆,纤纤出素手.
再如：蒋捷《一剪梅· 舟过吴江》 秋娘渡泰娘桥，风又飘飘，雨又潇潇。 Farewell Ferry and the Beauty‟s Bridge would pine: Wind blows from hour to hour; Rain falls shower by shower.（许渊冲） 译者的确已伸展浑身解数试图取得与原文的一致效果，但是，两文 之优劣仍一目了然。原文寥寥数语，意境全出，译文语言却有拼凑 之嫌，而且内容浅显，没有韵味之美。
1．比拟Metaphor&personification
徐志摩《再别康桥》 ……那河畔的金柳， 是夕阳中的新娘； 波光里的艳影， 在我的心里荡漾。 The golden willows by the riverside Are young brides in the setting sun; Their reflections on the shimmering waves Always linger in the depth of my heart.
诗的翻译 Translation of Poetry
1.诗之不可译(Untranslatability)
罗伯特· 弗洛斯特：诗就是在翻译中失去的那种东西 L· Robert L. Frost： Poetry is what is lost in translation 歌德（Wolfgang von Goethe ） 洪堡（Humbert） 穆诗雄《论中国古典诗歌的不可译性》
2.诗之可译(Translatability)
郭沫若/王佐良/许渊冲：以诗译诗 闻一多：诗笔译诗 成仿吾《译诗论》：译诗也应当是诗，这是我们所最不能忘记的。 译诗应当忠于原文。
刘重德《译诗问题初探》：信于内容，达如其分，切合风格
冯庆华：译诗要把握其思想感情、意境形象、音韵节奏和风格神 韵；讲究音美、形美、意美
3．借代Metonymy
禅 垂绥饮清露， 流响出疏桐。 居高声自远， 非是藉秋风”
TO THE CICADA Though rising high, you drink but dew; Yet your voice flows from sparse plane trees. Far and wide there‟s none but hears you; You need no wings of autumn breeze. (Tr. XYZ)
2.特殊的字与声的组合 Unique combination of character and sound
李清照《声声慢》: ―寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄 凄惨惨戚戚”
Search. Search. Seek. Seek. Cold. Cold. Clear. Clear. Sorrow. Sorrow. Pain. Pain. -Kenneth Rexroth I look for what I miss I know not what it is, I feel so cold, so drear, So lonely without cheer. -Xu Yuanchong
（3）词：又称为诗余、长短句、曲子、曲子词、乐府等。 Ci, a type of classical Chinese poetry （4）曲：又称为词余、乐府。元曲包括散曲和杂剧。 Qu, a type of verse for singing, popular in the Yuan Dynasty
（2）近体诗:绝句+律诗 “modern style” poetry, referring to innovations in classical poetry during the Tang Dynasty, marked by strict tonal patterns and rhyme schemes
当然，叙事和抒情也不是绝然分割的。 Sometimes they two are interwoven.
按照语言的音韵格律和结构形式(rhyme and structure)
（1）格律诗：是按照一定格式和规则写成的诗歌。它对诗的行数、诗句的 字数（或音节）、声调音韵、词语对仗、句式排列等有严格规定， Metrical poetry: strict requirements on form, rhyme, number of character and lines, sentence pattern, etc. （2）自由诗：不受格律限制，无固定格式，注重自然的、内在的节奏，押 大致相近的韵或不押韵，字数、行数、句式、音调都比较自由，语言比 较通俗。 Free verse: free form and popular language （3）散文诗：兼有散文和诗的特点。作品中有诗的意境和激情，常常富有 哲理，注重自然的节奏感和音乐美，篇幅短小，像散文一样不分行，不 押韵，如，鲁迅的《野草》。 Prose poetry: a mixture of characteristics of prose and poetry
语言的文学性, 文学的意思性, 意思的可理解性,意思理解 后的可表达性”等, 都保证了一首诗有可被译出的可能性.
literariness + Meaningfulness + Understandability + expressiveness
=>translatability
诗的难译因素分析 Analysis of untranslatable factors
3.特殊的含义 Unique meaning
李商隐：春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。 （“丝”通“思”：death&heartbeat） 刘禹锡《竹枝词》:杨柳青青江水平，闻郎江上唱歌声。东边日出西 边雨，道是无晴却有晴. （“晴”通“情”：sunny&love）
The English translation could only gain one meaning and lose the other. 英语里只能二者择其一，无法像原文一般一箭双雕。
arer to vital truth than history. （Plato） 诗歌比历史更接近于事实真相。（柏拉图）
Painting is silent poetry, and poetry is a apeaking picture. (Simonides, ancient Greek writer) 画是无言之诗，诗是有声之画。(古希腊作家 西蒙尼特斯) A great poem is a fountain forever overflowing with the waters of wisdom and delight. （Shelley） 一首伟大的诗犹如一座喷泉，不断地喷出智慧和快乐的泉 水。 （雪莱）
《五十奥义书》： 人之精英为语言, 语言之精英为诗歌。
诗的范畴（古代诗歌） Classification of Ancient Poetry
诗按音律分(Sound and rhythm)
（1）古体诗：包括古诗（唐以前的诗歌）、楚辞、乐府诗. A form of pre-Tang poetry, usu. having five or seven characters to each line, without strict tonal patterns or rhyme schemes
4.特殊的修辞 Unique rhetoric devices
张祜《何满子》：故国三千里，深宫二十年，一声何满子，双泪落 君前。 Home-sick a thousand miles away, Shut in the palace twenty years. Singing the dying swan‟s sweet lay, Oh! How can she hold back her tears.(Tr.许渊冲) 译者对原文有了很大的改动，“三千”成了“一千”，“一”与 “双”都略去 做意译。如此做法，即便完整保留了原文的意思，却失去了原文字 里行间的精雕细琢，同时也失去了原文的意境。
1.特殊的形或表达技巧 (Poems of unique form and technique)
通灵宝塔回文诗· 题明明德咨询公司 明 通慧 智达全 谋生道备 制变论周行 法学成义务厚 明理事功政载德
上尖起读：明，通慧；智达全，谋生道备；制变论周行，法学成义务厚；明理事功政载德。 回文：德载政功事理明，厚务义成学法；行周论变制，备道生谋；全达智，慧通；明。 左尖起读：明，理法；事学制，功成变谋；政义论生智，载务周道达通；德厚行备全慧明。 回文：明慧全备行厚德，通达道周务载；智生论义政，谋变成功；制学事，法理；明。 右尖起读：德，厚载；行务政，备周义功；全道论成事，慧达生变学理；明通智谋制法明。 回文：明法制谋智通明，理学变生达慧；事成论道全，功义周备；政务行，载厚；德。 外圈环读：明慧全备行厚德，德载政功事理明；明法制谋智通明。 回文：明通智谋制法明，明理事功政载德；德备行厚全慧明。 内圈环读：达道周务，务义学成；学变生达。 回文：达生变学，成学义务；务周道达。
2．夸张Hyperbole
“桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情” However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms may be, It‟s not so deep, O Wang Lun! As your love for me. “飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天” Its torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high As if the Silver River fell from the blue sky. (Tr. X.Y.Z)