(完整版)生物化学专业英语单词

生化单词表第一章蛋白质结构和功能Protein 蛋白质Amino acid 氨基酸Myoglobin 肌红蛋白Hemoglobin 血红蛋白2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸protein physical-chemical properties蛋白理化性质Prion disease 朊蛋白病Scurvy坏血病Methemoglobinemia 高铁血红蛋白病Enzymes酶Catalysis催化作用Chiral手性Amino group氨基Carboxylic acid group 羧基Zwitterion 两性Protonation 质子化isoelectric point等电点Ionizable可解离的Homeostatsis稳态Polar极性uncharged 不带电的charged带点的acidic酸性的basic碱性的non-polar非极性hydrophilic亲水的hydrophobic疏水的aromatic AA 芳香氨基酸hydroxyl group羟基sulfur-containing AAs 含硫氨基酸amide 酰胺imino acid 亚氨基酸polypeptide backbone多肽骨架Essential AminoAcids必需氨基酸Monomer单体Polymer聚合物multi-subunit多亚基Primary structure一级结构Secondary structure二级结构Tertiary structure 三级结构Quanternary structure四级结构hydrogen bond氢键Peptide Bonds肽键condensation reaction 缩合反应Polypeptide 多肽alpha helix a 螺旋beta-sheet beta折叠beta turn beta转角Right-handed helix 右手螺旋Isomers异构体MotifT模体fibrous proteins纤维状蛋白globular proteins球形蛋白Intermediate filaments 中间丝蛋白cytoskeleton 骨架Keratin 角蛋白Extracellular matrix 细胞外基质Collagen胶原蛋白Elastin弹性蛋白Tendons肌腱Cartilage软骨Silk fibroin 丝蛋白Cornea角膜prolyl hydroxylase脯氨酸羟化酶a- ketoglutarate a-酮戊二酸ascorbate 抗坏血酸Antiparallel反平行Domain功能域Heme Group血红素基团Ferric ion (Fe3+) 高铁Ferrous ion (Fe2+) 亚铁Porphyrin卟啉.Nitrogen氮Hyperbolic抛物线的deoxy hemoglobin脱氧血红蛋白oxy hemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白Conformational 构象Subunit亚基cooperativebinding协同结合sigmoidal双曲线的Allostery 变构作用heterotropic effect异促效应homotropic effect 同促效应Hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) 磷酸甘油变位酶erythrocytes红细胞Iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血Chronic respiratory disease慢性呼吸系统疾病Hypoxia低氧pulmonary edema 肺水肿Antibodie抗体(immunoglobulins免疫球蛋白Bacteria细菌Virus病毒Pollen花粉Antigen抗原disulfide bonds 二硫键Sickle CellAnemia镰刀红细胞贫血Homozygous纯合的Autosomal accessive 常染色体隐性Denaturation变性Renaturation 复性Alcohol乙醇Chloroform氯仿Urea尿素Curdle凝乳Perming hair 烫发Ribonuclease 核糖核酸酶i2-mercaptoethanol 二巯基乙醇Ultrafiltration超滤Ultracentrifugation超速离心Electrophoresis电泳ion exchange chromatography离子交换层析chromatography层析UV absorption紫外吸收Dye binding染料结合Dialysis:透析semipermeable membrane半透膜Sedimentation coefficient, S沉降系数第二章核酸结构和功能NucleicAcids核酸Nucleotide核苷酸Nuclease核酸酶NitrogenousBases 含氮碱Nucleosides核苷NucleosidePhosphates 磷酸核苷Polynucleotides多核苷酸Pyrimidine嘧啶Cytosine 胞嘧啶Uracil 尿嘧啶Thymine 胸腺嘧啶Purine嘌呤Adenine 腺嘌呤Guanine 鸟嘌呤Derivatives衍生物D-riboseD-核糖2-deoxy-D-ribose 2-脱氧-D-核糖Pentoses 戊糖glycosidicbond 糖苷键anomeric异头碳triphosphates三磷酸glycogen糖原phosphodiester bond磷酸二酯键Ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸Base pairs 碱基对Canonical经典的major groove 大沟minor groove 小沟Supercoil超螺旋Cruciform十字形duplex helix 双螺旋Negative supercoiling 负超螺旋palindromic regions回文区域nucleosome核小体Chromatin染色质nucleoprotein complex和蛋白复合体histones 组蛋白Diameter直径Eukaryotic真核的Transcription转录Prokaryotes原核细胞Polycistron多顺反子Eukaryote真核细胞Monocistron单顺贩子Intron内含子Exon外显子Splicing 剪接Ribosome核糖体peptidyl transferase肽酰转移酶cytosol细胞浆Ribozyme核酶hyperchromic 增色的Stacked base pairs碱基堆积in native DNA absorbless lightHydrolysis水解Carcinogenesis致癌aryl hydrocarbons芳香烃Smokedand grilled foods烟熏和烧烤食物alkylate 烷基化第三章脂质代谢Amphipathic 同时具有亲水和厌水部分的，两性分子的Triacrylglycerol (TAG)/Triglyceride (TG) 三脂酰甘油/甘油三酯Phospholipids (PL) 磷脂Glycolipids (GL) 糖脂Cholesterol (CHOL) 胆固醇Cholesterol ester (CE) 胆固醇酯carboxylic acid羧酸Saturated/ unsaturated 饱和的/不饱和的Margarine 人造黄油、人造奶油Palmitic acid软脂酸; 棕榈酸，十六（烷）酸Stearic acid硬脂酸，十八酸Linoleic acid亚油酸，罂酸α-Linolenic acid α-亚麻酸Arachidonic acid花生四烯酸Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 二十五碳五烯酸Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 二十二碳六烯酸Essential Fatty Acids (EFA) 必需脂肪酸Glycerol 甘油Phosphatidylcholine磷脂酰胆碱、卵磷脂Phosphatidylethanolamine磷脂酰乙醇胺、脑磷脂cardiolipin 一种磷脂，亦称双磷脂酰甘油。

生物化学专业词汇Word版The subject vocabulary expecting to encountered in studying Part II of the Biochemistry edited by J.M.Berg.Chapter 14 metabolismmetabolism 新陈代谢catabolism 分解代谢anabolism 合成代谢reducing power 还原力electrical gradients 电梯度phosphoryl 磷酰基adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 三磷酸腺苷adenosine diphosphate 腺苷二磷酸adenosine monophosphate 磷酸腺苷free energy change 自由能变standard free energy change 标准自由能变hexokinase 己糖(磷酸)激酸phosphoanhydride 磷酸酐phosphocreatine 磷酸肌酸covalent intermediate 共价中间物pyrophosphate 焦磷酸盐high-energy phosphate compound 高能磷酸化合物high-energy electron 高能电子Ion gradients across membrane 跨膜离子梯度nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) 辅酶I,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) 辅酶Ⅱ,烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸hydride ion 带一对电子的质子flavine-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin mononucleotide (FMN) 黄素单核苷酸dehydrogenase 脱氢酶Chapter 16 Glycolisis and Gluconeogenesisgluconeogenesis 糖异生glycolisis 糖酵解glycogenolysis 糖原分解(作用) pyruvate 丙酮酸phosphoglucose isomerase 磷酸葡萄糖异构酶isomerization 异构化(作用)aldose 醛糖ketose 酮醣phosphofructokinase-1(PFK-1) 磷酸果糖激酶-1fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 果糖1,6-二磷酸aldolase 醛缩酶lysis 裂解dihydroxyacetone phosphate 磷酸二羟丙酮glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 3-磷酸甘油醛glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate 1,3－二磷酸甘油酸phosphoglycerate kinase 磷酸甘油酸激酶substrate-level phosphorylation 底物水平磷酸化phosphoglycerate mutase 磷酸甘油酸变位酶residue 残基enolase 烯醇化酶phosphoenolglycerate(PEP) 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸pyruvate kinase 丙酮酸激酶cytoplasm 细胞质Chapter 17 The Citric acid cycleThe Citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA) 三羧酸循环pentose phosphate pathway 戊糖磷酸途径glyoxylate 乙醛酸acetyl- 乙酰基aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化decarboxylation 脱羧作用pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体pyruvate dehydrogenase 丙酮酸脱羧酶dihydrolipoyl 二氢硫辛酸transacetylase 转乙酰基酶thiaminepyrophosphate(TPP) 焦磷酸硫安素lipoicin 硫辛酸oxaloacetate 草酰乙酸盐carboxylmethyl- 羧甲基citrate 柠檬酸盐cis-aconitase 顺乌头酸酶isocitrate 异柠檬酸ketoglutarate 酮戊二酸-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex 酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合体succinyl-CoA 琥珀酰-辅酶Asuccinate 琥珀酸盐fumarate 延胡索酸malate 苹果酸citrate synthase 柠檬酸合酶isocitrate dehydrogenase 异柠檬酸脱氢酶D-ribulose 5-phosphate 5-磷酸核酮糖D-ribose 5-phosphate 5-磷酸核糖glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶hemolytic anemia 溶血性贫血6-phosphoglucono--lactone 6-磷酸葡萄糖酸内脂6-phosphogluconate 6-磷酸葡萄糖酸xylulose 5-phosphate 5-磷酸木酮糖sedoheptulose 7-phosphate 7-磷酸景天庚酮糖fructose 6-phosphate 6-磷酸果糖epimerase 差向(异构)酶transketolase 转酮醇酶transaldolase 转醛醇酶phosphohexose isomerase 己糖磷酸异构酶aldolase 醛缩酶isocitrate lyase 异柠檬酸裂合酶malate synthase 苹果酸合酶glyoxysome 乙醛酸循环体mitochondria 线粒体cytosol 细胞质Chapter 18 Oxidative Phosphoryltion oxidative phosphoryltion 氧化磷酸化electron carriers 电子载体potential difference 电位差respiratory chain 呼吸链proton gradient 质子梯度oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶ubiquinone (Q) 泛醌ubiquinol 泛醇cytochrome 细胞色素oxidase 氧化酶ATP synthase ATP合成酶ATP synthesis ATP合成the chemiosmotic hypothesis 化学渗透假说endosymbiotic 内共生的exergonic 放能的endergonic 吸能的proton pumping 质子泵heme 亚铁血红素thioether 硫醚Q cycle 醌循环cytochrome oxidase 细胞色素氧化酶reductant 还原剂cyanide 氰化物antimycin A 抗霉素Amatrix 基质proton channel 质子通道hexamer 六聚体glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle system 甘油-3-磷酸穿梭途径malate-aspartate shuttle system 苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭途径aspartate 天冬氨酸rotenone 鱼藤酮[杀虫药]venturicidin 杀黑星菌素oligomycin 寡霉素dinitrophenol(DNP) 2,4-二硝基苯酚Chapter 19 The light Reaction of Photosynthesisthe light reaction 光反应the dark reaction 暗反应chloroplast 叶绿体chlorophyll 叶绿素photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化the Calvin cycle 卡尔文循环thylakoid 类囊体grana (叶绿体)基粒photosynthetic pigment 光合色素light-harvesting complexes(LHC) 捕光(色素)复合体carotenoid 类胡萝卜素carotene 胡萝卜素xanthophyl 叶黄素lutein 叶黄素phycobilins 藻胆色素photopigment 感光色素phycoerythrobilin 藻红素phycocyanobilin 藻蓝素photosystem(PS) 光系统plastocyanin(PC) 质体蓝素ferredoxin(FD) 铁氧(化)还(原)蛋白plastoquinone 质体醌electron transport chain 电子传递链phephytin 脱镁叶绿素phylloquinone 维生素k1saccharum officinaru(sugarcane) 甘蔗Rubisco 核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化/加氧酶allosteric enzyme 别构酶light respiration 光呼吸glycolic acid 乙醇酸artificial electron acceptor 人工电子受体dichlorophenolindophenol 二氯酚靛酚Chapter22 Fatty Acid Metabolismfatty acid 脂肪酸phospholipids 磷脂(类)steroid 类固醇isoprenoid 类异戊二烯triacylglycerols 三酰基甘油glycerine 甘油, 丙三醇lipoid 脂类,脂质,类脂sphingomyelin 鞘磷脂galactolipid 半乳糖脂,脑苷脂cholesterol ester 胆固醇酯bilineurin 胆碱chylomicron 乳糜(微)粒phospholipase 磷脂酶lipase 脂肪酶adipocyte 脂肪细胞serum albumin 血清白蛋白glycerol kinase 甘油激酶triose phosphate isomerase 磷酸丙酮异构酶-oxidation -氧化benzoate 苯甲酸盐phenylacetate 苯乙酸盐fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 脂酰辅酶A 合成酶pyrophosphatase 焦磷酸酶carnitine 肉毒碱carnitine acyltransferase I 肉碱酰基转移酶carnitine transporter 肉碱转运体enoyl- 烯脂酰ketoacyl- 酮脂酰hydroxylacyl 羟脂酰thiolase 乙酰辅酶A乙酰基转移酶(硫解酶)thiolysis 硫解(作用)propionate 丙酸盐coenzyme B12辅酶B12unsaturated fatty acids 不饱和脂肪酸peroxisome 过氧化物酶体ketone bodies 酮体diabetes 糖尿病acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸-hydroxylbutyrate -羟丁酸acetone 丙酮hepatocyte 肝细胞-hydroxyl--methyl glutaryl(HMG) 3-羟基-3甲基戊二酸acetyl-carrier protein(ACP) 乙酰基载体蛋白malonyl- 丙二酰基palmitate 棕榈酸盐acetyl-CoA carboxylase 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶transcarboxylase 羧基转移酶carboxylase 羧化酶ketobutyryl 酮丁酰hydroxybutyryl 羟丁酰 butyryl 丁酰malic enzyme 苹果酸酶glucagon 胰高血糖素epinephrine 肾上腺素stearoyl 硬脂酰desaturase 去饱和酶 oleate 油酸linoleate 亚油酸 linolenate 亚麻酸盐leukotrienes 白细胞三烯diacylglycerol 二酰基甘油thromboxane 促凝血素prostacyclin 前列环素prostaglandinH 前列腺素Hlipoxygenase 脂肪氧化酶cyclooxygenase COX环氧合酶Chapter 23 Protein Turnover and Amino Acid CatabolismChapter 24 The Biosynthesis of Amino Acidsurea cycle 尿素循环pepsin 胃蛋白酶chymotrypsin 糜蛋白酶exopeptidases 肽链端解酶ammonia 氨aminotransferase 转氨酶uric acid 尿酸transaminatin 转氨基反应alanine aminotransferase 丙氨酸氨基转移酶aspartate aminotransferase（ASP）天冬氨酸氨基转移酶glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) 谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶Schiff base 西佛碱racemization (外)消旋作用aldimine 醛亚胺ketimine 酮亚胺glutamate 谷氨酸glutamate synthetase 谷氨酸合成酶glutamine synthetase 谷氨酰胺合成酶alanine-glucose cycle 丙氨酸－葡萄糖循环Cori cycle 可立氏循环ornithine 鸟氨酸carbamoyl phosphate 氨甲酰磷酸carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 氨甲酰磷酸合成酶citrulline 瓜氨酸ornithine transcarbamoylase 鸟氨酸甲酰基转移酶argininosuccinate 精氨琥珀酸Argininosuccinate synthase 精氨(基)琥珀酸合成酶argininosuccinate lyase. 精氨(基)琥珀酸裂解酶hyperammonemia 高氨血tetrahydrofolate (H4 folate) 四氢叶酸S-adenosylmethionine S-腺苷甲硫氨酸biotin 生物素, 维生素H asparaginase 天冬酰胺酶glutaminase 谷氨酰胺酶phenylketonuria 苯丙酮尿症phenylalanine hydroxylase 苯丙氨酸羟化酶tyrosinemia 酪氨酸血症albinism 白化病tyrosinase 酪氨酸酶alkaptonuria 尿黑酸症homogentisate dioxygenase 尿黑酸双加氧酶Chapter25 Nucleotide Biosynthesis purine 嘌呤 pyrimidine 嘧啶de novo pathway 从头（合成）途径salvage pathway 补救途径cyanobacteria 蓝藻细菌rhizobia 根瘤菌symbiont 共生生物nitrogenase 固氮酶dinitrogenase 固氮酶dinitrogenase reductase 固氮酶还原酶molybdenum 钼glucosamine-6-P 6磷酸葡萄糖胺monomer 单体 dimmer 二聚体tetramer 四聚体 tetrameric 四聚体的precursor 前体phosphoserine aminotransferase 磷酸丝氨酸氨基转换酶homocysteine 高半胱氨酸cystathionine- synthetase 胱硫醚合成酶semialdehyde 半醛erythrose 4-phosphate 4-磷酸赤藓糖aromatic 芳香族的tryptophan synthase 色氨酸合酶aminoacrylate adduct 氨基丙烯酸内脂creatine 肌酸glutathione 谷胱甘肽indole-3-acetate 吲哚乙酸aminobutyrate (GABA) 氨基丁酸serotonin 5-羟色胺dopamine 多巴胺norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素selenocysteine 硒代半胱氨酸glutathione peroxidase 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate(PRPP) 5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸盐orotate 乳清酸thioredoxin 硫氧还蛋白glutaredoxin 谷氧还蛋白methylation 甲基化作用Chapter 27 DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair. replication 复制conservative replication 全保留复制template 模板DNA duplexes DNA双链体DAN strand DNA链unwinding 解链的single stranded 单链(G1期染色体的) replicon 复制子replication forks 复制叉bacteriophage 噬菌体polymerization 聚合(作用)in vitro 活体外in vivo 活体内exonuclease 核酸外切酶semidiscontinuous 半不连续的Okazaki fragments 冈崎片断leading strand 先导链lagging strand 滞后链replisome 复制体helicase 解螺旋酶topoisomerase 拓扑异构酶single-stranded DNA-binding protein单链DNA结合蛋白（SSB）primase 引物(合成)酶prepriming 引物预合成RNA primer 引物RNAphosphodiester 磷酸二酯autonomously replicating sequences (ARS) 自主复制顺序(片断) proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) 增殖细胞核抗原reverse transcription 逆转录Chapter 28 RNA Synthesis and Splicing core enzyme 核心酶promoter 启动子footprinting 足迹法consensus sequences 共有序列terminator 终止子 hairpin 发夹结构rifampicin 利福平actinomycin D 放线菌素D-amanitin -鹅膏蕈碱transcription factors 转录因子lipoprotein 脂蛋白LDL receptor 低密度脂蛋白受体lariat-like 索套结构的alternative splicing 选择剪接myosin 肌球蛋白 calcitonin 降钙素RNA processing RNA转录后加工Chapter 29 Protein Synthesisaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 氨酰tRNA合成酶subcellular 亚细胞的 codon 密码子adenylation 腺苷酰(化)作用threonyl-tRNA synthetase 苏氨酰基tRNA合成酶glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase 谷氨酰－tRNA合成酶ribonucleoprotein 核糖核蛋白formylmethionine(f Met) 甲酰甲硫氨酸peptidyl 肽基 initiation factor 起始因子elongation factor 延伸因子initiation complex 起始复合物translocase 移位酶release factor 释放因子 antibiotic 抗生素puromycin 博罗霉素streptomycin 链霉素diphtheria toxin 白喉毒素triplet code 三联体密码lysosome 溶酶体glycosylation 糖基化(作用)signal sequence 信号序列proteins targeting 蛋白质导向signal recognition proteins (SRPs) 信号识别蛋白peptidase 肽酶endoplasmic reticulum 内质网ubiquitin(Ub) 泛素（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。

Botany植物学Cell theory细胞学说cell membrane细胞膜nucleus 细胞核Organelle 细胞器cell wall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cell cycle细胞周期mitochondrion 线粒体photosynthesis光合作用unit membrane 单位膜chloroplast 叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome 核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament微丝nuclear fission核分裂reproduction繁殖primary wall初生壁secondary wall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue组织pistil 雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination传粉pollen tube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis 孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮life history生活史root system根系main root主根lateral root侧根taproot system直根系fibrous root system须根系cortex皮层vascular cylinder 维管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylem ray 木射线vascular ray 维管射线phloem ray韧皮射线root cap根冠Casparian strip凯氏带primary xylem初生木质部primary phloem初生韧皮部vascular ray 维管射线xylem ray 木射线phelloderm栓内层phloem ray韧皮射线embryo胚homologous organ同源器官analogous organ同功器官endosperm胚乳seed coat种皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy休眠seed germination种子萌发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻类blue-green algae蓝藻trichogyne受精丝mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinous sheath 胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexual cell异性细胞green algae绿藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy 异配生殖anisogamy 卵式生殖zygogamy 接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte孢子体brown algae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta 苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科vascular plants微管植物aquatic plant水生植物salicaceae杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmic reticulum内质网vegetative reproduction营养繁殖intercellular layer胞间层phellogen& cork cambium木栓形成层asexual reproduction无性繁殖sexual propagation有性繁殖tetradynamous stamen四强雄蕊didynamous stamen二强雄蕊monodelphous stamen单体雄蕊diadelphous stamen二体雄蕊triadelphous stamen三体雄蕊polyadelphous stamens多体雄蕊synantherous stamen聚药雄蕊primary wall cells初生壁细胞vegetative cell营养细胞male sterility雄性不育filiform apparatus丝状器meristem zone 分生区elongation zone伸长区maturation zone成熟区embryophyte有胚植物specific parasitism专性寄生specific saprophyte专性腐生facultative parasitism兼性寄生facultative saprophyte兼性腐生sexual generation有性世代asexual generation无性世代Zoology动物学cell细胞prokaryotic cell原核细胞eukaryotic cell真核细胞protein蛋白质nucleic acid核酸carbohydrate糖lipid脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物cell cycle细胞周期pulmonary alveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛food vacuole食物泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote合子microtubule微管contraction silk 收缩丝merogenesis 卵裂blastocoele 囊胚腔complete cleavage完全卵裂layering分层cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum缘膜radial symmetry辐射对称nerve net神经网planula 浮浪幼虫bilateral symmetry两侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubule cell 管细胞osmoregulation渗透调节acetabulum 腹吸盘oral sucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle角质膜cloacal pore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管resting egg休眠卵metamere体节metamerism分节现象sense organ 感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismatic layer壳层nacreous layer珍珠层veliger 面盘幼虫glochidium 钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linear animal线形动物pericardial cavity围心腔cervical vertebra颈椎sacral vertebra荐椎pulmonary vein肺静脉precaval vein 前腔静脉bladder气囊middle ear中耳tympanum cavity中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium新皮层lagena 瓶状囊wishbone叉骨postcaval vein后腔静脉glandular stomach腺胃air sac气囊salt gland盐腺sclerotic ring 巩膜骨viviparity胎生placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen瘤胃bursa of fabricius 腔上囊masticatory stomach肌胃reticulum网胃omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗earthworm蚯蚓internal naris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid环节动物cell membrane&plasma membrane细胞膜epithelial tissue上皮组织connective tissue结缔组织cartilage tissue软骨组织osseous tissue骨组织muscular tissue肌肉组织cardiac muscle心肌intercalated disc闰盘Nissl's body尼氏小体colony &group群体meroblastic cleavage不完全卵裂colonial theory 群体说gastrovascular cavity消化循环腔muscle system肌肉体系excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统digestive system消化系统archinephric duct原肾管basal lamina & basal membrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精final host终寄主first intermidate host第一中间寄主semicircular canal半规管second intermediate host第二中间寄主Genetics遗传学heredity 遗传variation 变异gene 基因pisum sativum 豌豆segregation 分离gamete 生殖细胞zygote 合子allele 等位基因genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型test cross 测交oryza sativa 水稻diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体centromere 着丝粒satellite 随体linker 连丝mitosis 有丝分裂mesoblast中胚层spindle 纺锤体interphase 间期spindle fiber 纺锤丝vicia faba蚕豆nucleoplasm 核质spermatogenous 精原细胞oogonium 卵原细胞spermatid 精细胞Phenocopy 拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型gametic lethal配子致死zygotic lethal合子致死autosome 常染色体dominant lethal显性致死carrier 携带者homozygote 纯合体heterozygote 杂合体genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型linkage group 连锁群interference 干涉coincidence 并发率genetic map 遗传学图wild type野生型mutation 突变heterokaryon 异核体auxotroph 营养缺陷型strain 菌株recipient 受体donor 供体fragment 片段induction 诱导prophage 原噬菌体transduction 转导Mendel’s laws 孟德尔定律law of segregation 分离定律first filial generation 子一代parental generation 亲代dominant character 显性性状recessive character 隐性性状hereditary determinant 遗传因子parental combination 亲组合recombination 重组合punnett square 棋盘法Mendelian character 孟德尔性状primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕nucleolar organizer 核仁形成区first polar body 第一极体second polar body 第二极体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体female gametic nucleus 卵核multiple alleles 复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体sex-linked inheritance 伴性遗传primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕complementary gene互补基因homologous chromosome 同源染色体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体secondary oocyte 次级卵母细胞three-point testcross 三点测交primary spermatocyte 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞first division segregation 第一次分裂分离second division segregation 第二次分裂分离law of independent assortment 自由组合定律Biochemistry 生物化学essential element必需元素trace elements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖amino acid氨基酸primary structure 一级结构random coil无规卷曲structural domain 结构域subunit亚基degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鸟嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil尿嘧啶nucleoside 核苷nucleotide核苷酸base pairing碱基配对base pair碱基对数base碱基数gyrase旋转酶nucleosome核小体complementary DNA互补DNA plasmid质粒transposons转座子repetitive sequence重复序列exon外显子intron内含子variable loop可变环ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation复性hyperchromic effect增色效应base stacking force碱基堆积力annealing退火melting-out temperature熔解温度hypochromic effect减色效应maltose麦芽糖sucrose蔗糖lactose乳糖starch淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性substrate底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子coenzyme辅酶oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢assimilation同化作用catabolism异化作用metabolite代谢产物biological oxidation 生物氧化cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮amytal阿密妥antimycin A抗霉素A cyanide氰化物glycolysis糖酵解ethanol乙醇citrate柠檬酸cis-aconitate 顺乌头酸succinic acid琥珀酸oxaloacetic acid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylate cycle 乙醛酸循环malate苹果酸fatty acid 脂肪酸carbon unit一碳单位replicon复制子core enzyme 核心酶primosome引发体Okazaki fragment冈崎片段leading chain 前导链lagging strand后随链terminator终止子telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶replication fork复制叉vector载体promoter启动子terminator终止子operon操纵子codon密码子degeneracy简并性hormone激素citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环deamination脱氨基作用urea cycle尿素循环euchromatin常染色质messenger RNA信使RNAtransfer RNA转移RNA ribosome RNA核糖体RNA metabolic regulation代谢调节feedback regulation反馈调节structural gene结构基因promoter gene启动基因operator gene操纵基因regulator gene调节基因termination factor终止因子triplet code三联体密码initiator codon起始密码termination codon终止密码semiconservative replication半保留复制ornithine cycle鸟氨酸循环ketogenic amino acid生酮氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖氨基酸oxidative deamination氧化脱氨作用transamination转氨基作用reverse transcription逆转录decarboxylation脱羧作用semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶missense mutation错义突变synonymous mutation同义突变neutral mutation中性突变nonsense mutation无义突变phosphatidic acid 磷脂酸essential amino acids 必需氨基酸dihydrouracil loop二氢尿嘧啶环anticodon loop反密码子环double-strand circular DNA 双链环形DNA superhelical DNA 超螺旋DNA open circular DNA 开环DNA linear DNA 线形DNAbase stacking force 碱基堆积力secondary structure二级结构super-secondary structure超二级结构tertiary structure三级结构quaternary structure四级结构negative supercoil DNA负超螺旋DNA positive supercoil DNA正超螺旋DNAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸restriction endonuclease限制性内切酶polymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反应Microbiology微生物学living creatures 生物culture medium 培养基lawn菌苔culture plate 培养平板bacteria 细菌archaea 古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote 原核生物protozoan 原生动物hypha 菌丝mycoplasma 支原体yeast 酵母菌plasmolysis 质壁分离Escherichia Coli大肠杆菌murein胞壁质peptidoglycan 肽聚糖mucopeptide黏肽outer membrane外膜chromosome染色体nucleolus 核仁nucleoid 拟核chromatin 染色质centromere 着丝粒telomere 端粒protoplast 原生质体mycoplasma 支原体glycoprotein 糖蛋白mesosome 间体cytoplasm细胞质megnetosome磁小体nucleoid拟核glycocalyx 糖被capsule 荚膜flagellum 鞭毛lysosome 溶酶体chloroplast 叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganic salt 无机盐peptone 蛋白胨sulfur bacteria 硫细菌beef extract牛肉膏vitamin 维生素inclusion body 内含物lithotroph 无机营养型medium 培养基agar 琼脂organotroph 有机营养型antiport 逆向运输active transport 主动运输pinocytosis 胞饮作用catabolism 分解代谢passive transport 被动运输uniport 单向运输anabolism 合成代谢fermentation发酵batch culture 分批培养log phase 对数生长期stationary phase 稳定生长期lag phase 迟缓期decline phase衰亡期aerobe 好氧菌antibiotic 抗生素antigenome 反基因组transformation 转化genome 基因组plasmid 质粒transforming factor 转化因子diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体transposable element 转座因子conjugation接合作用transposon转座子phenotype 表型genotype基因型auxotroph营养缺陷型wild-type野生型transition 转换transversion 颠换spontaneous mutation 自发突变reverse mutation 回复突变sexduction 性导transduction 转导promoter 启动子operon 操纵子recombination repair 重组修复repressor 阻遏蛋白corepressor辅阻遏物clone 克隆denaturation 变性annealing 退火extension 延伸cloning vector 克隆载体replicon 复制子telomere 端粒cohesive end 黏性末端promoter 启动子terminator 终止子gene therapy 基因治疗phylogeny 系统发育ammonification 氨化作用nitrification 硝化作用denitrification 反硝化作用expression vector 表达载体aerobic respiration有氧呼吸anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸origin of replication 复制起始点incompatibility 不亲和性gene mutation 基因突变synonymous mutation 同义突变chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变missense mutation 错义突变frame-shift mutation 移码突变lactose operon 乳糖操纵子negative transcription control 负转录调控tryptophan operon 色氨酸操纵子cytoplasmic inheritance 细胞质遗传genetic engineering 基因工程recombinant DNA technology 重组DNA技术palindromic structure 回文结构spread plate method 涂布平板法pour plate method 倾注培养法streak plate method 平板划线法shake tube method 稀释摇管法continuous culture 连续培养。

癌基因oncogene艾滋病acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome,AIDS 氨喋呤anminopterin carbamoyl phosphate synthetase Ⅰ, CPS-Ⅰ氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ氨基末端amino terminal氨基酸amino acid氨基酸接纳茎acceptor stem氨基酸序列amino acid sequenceδ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸δ—aminolevulinic acid,ALA氨基酰-tRNA合成酶aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase氨基酰位aminoacyl site氨基转移酶aminotransferase氨甲喋呤methotrexate, MTX氨肽酶,氨基肽酶aminopeptidase胺氧化酶amine oxidase巴士德Pastuer靶细胞target cell白化病albinism白三烯leukotrienes,LTs摆动性wobble斑点印迹bot blotting半保留复制semi-conservative replication半不连续复制semi-discontinuous replication 半胱氨酸cysteine半乳糖galactose, Gal伴侣素chaperonins包涵体inclusion body胞苷cytidine胞嘧啶cytosine,C胞质小RNA small cytoplasmic RNA,scRNA 保守性转座conservative transposition苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylalanine hydroxylase 苯酮酸尿症phenyl ketonuria, PKU吡哆胺pyridoxamine吡哆醇pyridoxine吡哆醛pyridoxal必需氨基酸essential amino acid必需基团essential group必需激活剂essential activator编码链coding strand变构部位allosteric site变构调节allosteric regulation变构激活剂allosteric activator变构酶allosteric enzyme变构效应allosteric effect变构效应剂allosteric effector变构抑制剂allosteric inhibitor变性denaturation变性梯度胶电泳denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE 辨认位点recognition site标志补救marker rescue表达载体expression vector表构酶epimerase表观Km值apparent Km表面效应surface effect别嘌呤醇allopurinol丙氨酸-葡萄糖循环alanine-glucose cycle 丙酮acetone丙酮酸pyruvate丙酮酸激酶pyruvate kinase丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate carboxylase病毒癌基因virus oncogene,v-onc卟啉症porphyria补救合成途径salvage pathway不对称转录asymmetric transcription不可逆性抑制作用irreversible inhibition 参入incorporation残基residue残粒remnant操纵序列operator操纵子operon侧翼区flanking region层析chromatography层粘连蛋白laminin,Ln插入insertion插入序列insertion sequences, IS长末端重复序列long terminal repeat, LTR长萜醇dolichol肠肝循环bilinogen enterohepatic circulation,enterohepatic circulation超螺旋结构superhelix, supercoil超敏位点hypersensitive site超速离心ultra-centrifuge超速离心法ultracentrifugation超氧物歧化酶superoxide dismutase, SOD沉降系数sedimentation coefficient,S成肽peptide bond formation初级胆汁酸primary bile acids初级转录产物primary transcripts储脂细胞lipocyte串联酶tandem enzyme锤头结构hammerbead structure醇脱氢酶alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH次黄核苷inosine,I次黄嘌呤inosine次黄嘌呤核苷酸inosine monphosphate, IMP次黄嘌呤核苷酸转移酶adenine phosphoribosyl transferase, APRT 次级胆汁酸secondary bile acids从头合成途径de novo synthesis促红细胞生成素erythropoietin,EPO催化基团catalytic group催化型受体catalytic receptor催化性DNA DNAzyme催化性RNA catalytic RNA催化性小RNA small catalytic RNA脆性X综合征fragile X syndrome脆性位点fragile site错配mismatch大沟major groove代谢库metabolic pool单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase, MAO单纯酶simple enzyme单核苷酸多态性single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs单链DNA结合蛋白single stranded DNA binding protein, SSB单链构象多态性single strand conformation polymorphism, SSCP 单顺反子monocistron单体酶monomeric enzyme胆chole胆钙化醇cholecalciferol胆固醇cholesterol胆固醇7a-羟化酶cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase胆固醇流出调节蛋白cholesterol-efflux regulatory protein, CERP胆固醇酯酶cholesteryl esterase胆红素bilirubin胆红素脑病bilirubin encephalopathy胆碱choline胆碱酯酶choline esterase胆绿素biliverdin胆绿素还原酶biliverdin reductase胆囊胆汁gallbladder bile胆色素bile pigment胆色素原prophobilinogen,PBG胆素bilin胆素原bilinogen胆酸cholic acid胆盐bile salts胆汁bile胆汁酸bile acids弹性蛋白酶elastase蛋白二硫键异构酶protein disulfide isomerase,PDI 蛋白激酶C protein kinase C,PKC蛋白聚糖proteoglycan蛋白聚糖聚合物aggrecan蛋白磷酸酶protein phophatase蛋白酶protease蛋白酶体proteasome,proteosome蛋白质protein蛋白质表达protein expression蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用protein-protein interaction蛋白质的靶向输送protein targeting蛋白质的凝固作用protein coagulation蛋白质数据库protein databasesDNA-蛋白质相互作用DNA-protein interaction蛋白质芯片protein chip蛋白质印迹技术Western blotting蛋白质转换protein turnover蛋白质组proteome蛋白质组学Proteomics氮平衡nitrogen balance倒位酶invertase等电点isoelectric point,pI等位基因特异寡核苷酸allele-specific ologonucleotide,ASO 低血糖diabetes mellitus低血糖症hypoglycemia底物substrate底物水平磷酸化substrate-level phosphorylation底物循环substrate cycle地心引力gravity第二信使secondary messenger点突变point mutation电穿孔electroporation电喷雾质谱electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,ESI-MS电泳electrophoresis电子传递链electron transfer chain淀粉starchα-淀粉酶α-amylase凋亡apoptosis调节部位regulatory site调节酶regulatory enzymes调节子regulon定位候选基因克隆策略positional candidate gene approaches 定位克隆positional cloning定向排列orientation arrange杜氏肌营养不良症duchenne muscular dystrophy,DMD端粒telomere端粒酶RNA human telomerase RNA,hTR端粒酶逆转录酶human telomerase reverse transcriptase,hTRT 端粒酶协同蛋白1human telomerase associated protein 1,hTP1 短串联重复序列short tandem repeat断裂基因splite gene钝性未端blunt end多胺polyamines多巴胺dopamine多不饱和脂酸polyunsaturated fatty acid多功能酶multifunctional enzyme多核糖体polyribosome多接头克隆位点polylinker cloning sites多聚核蛋白体polysome多聚核苷酸polynucleotides多聚体polymer多聚脱氧核苷酸polydeoxynucleotides多酶体系multienzyme system多顺反子polycistron多顺反子mRNA polycistronic mRNA多态性polymorphism多肽polypeptide多肽链polypeptide chain多样性片段diversity segment多元催化multielement catalysis鹅膏蕈碱amanitin鹅脱氧胆酸chenodeoxycholic acid儿茶酚胺catecholamine二次转酯反应twice transesterification二级结构secondary structure二甲基丙烯焦磷酸3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, DPP 二聚化dimerization二聚体dimer二氢叶酸合成酶dihydrofolic acid synthetase二氢叶酸还原酶dihydrofolate reductase二巯基丙醇British anti-Lewisite,proteosome,BAL二十二碳六烯酸docosahexaenoic acid, DHA二十碳五烯酸eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA二肽酶dipeptidase二硝基苯酚dinitrophenol,DNP发夹hairpin翻译起始复合物translational initiation complex反基因策略antigene strategy反竞争性抑制作用uncompetitive inhibition反密码子anticodon反式trans反式作用因子trans-acting factor反烯酰CoA异构酶trans enoyl-CoA isomerase反义寡核苷酸antioligonucleotide反转录PCR reverse transcription PCR,RT-PCR反转重复序列inverted repeat泛醌ubiquinone泛素ubiquitin泛素化ubiquuitination泛酸pantothenic acid非mRNA小RNA small non-messenger RNA,snmRNAs 非必需氨基酸non-essencial amino acid非必需激活剂non-essential activator非蛋白氮non-protein nitrogen, NPN非定位候选基因克隆策略position-independent candidate gene approaches 非竞争性抑制作用non-competitive inhibitionRNA分化加工differential RNA processing分节基因segmentation genes分解代谢阻遏catabolic repression分解物基因激活蛋白catabolite gene activation protein, CAP分支酶debranching enzyme分支移动branch migration分子伴侣chaperon,molecular chaperon分子克隆molecular clone分子医学molecular medicine粉蝶霉素A piericidin A粉液化芽苞杆菌bacillus amyloliguefaciens粪卟啉原III coproporphyrinogen III,CPGIII粪胆素stercobilin,l-urobilin粪胆素原stercobilinogen,l-urobilinogen丰富基因redundant gene佛波酯phorbol ester5-氟尿嘧啶5-fluorouracil, 5-fu脯氨酸富含域proline-rich domain辅基prosthetic group辅酶coenzyme辅酶I NAD+辅酶II NADP+辅酶Q coenzyme Q,CoQ辅脂酶colipase辅助因子cofactor辅助因子Fis factor for inversion stimulation 辅阻遏剂corepressor 腐败作用putrefaction负超螺旋negative supercoil负碳离子carbanion复合体complex复合体Ⅴcomplex V复性renaturation复制replication复制酶replicase复制体replisome复制性转座duplicative transposition复制因子replication factor,RF复制子replicon富含AT AT rich钙调蛋白calmodulin CaM干扰RNA interference RNA,RNAi RNA干涉RNA interference,RNAi 甘氨胆酸glycocholic acid甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸glycochenodeoxycholic acid 甘露糖mannose, Man 甘油激酶glycerokinase甘油磷脂phosphoglycerides甘油三酯triglyceride2-甘油一酯2-monoglyceride肝胆红素hepatobilirubin肝胆汁hepatic bile肝素heparin肝细胞性黄疸hepatocellular jaundice感染infection感受态细胞competent cell岡崎片段Okazaki fragment高保真性high fidelity高脂蛋白血症hyperlipoproteinemia高脂血症hyperlipidemia功能互补实验functional complementation assay功能基因组学functional genomics功能克隆functional cloning共价修饰covalent modification共同的偶配体SMADs common-partner-SMAD,Co-SMADs共有序列consensus sequence谷氨酰胺合成酶glutamine synthetase谷氨酰胺酶glutaminase谷丙转氨酶glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT, ALT谷草转氨酶glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GOT, AST β-谷固醇β-sitosterol 谷胱甘肽glutathione, GSH谷胱甘肽S-环氧化物转移酶glutathione S-epoxidetransferase骨形态发生蛋白bone morphogenetic protein,BMPs钴胺素cobalamin钴胺素I transcobalamin I, TC I固醇sterol固醇载体蛋白sterol carrier protein, SCP固定化酶immobilized enzyme寡核苷酸点阵oligonucleotide arrays寡核苷酸微芯片oligonucleotide micro-chip寡核苷酸杂交分析oligonucleotide hybridization analysis 寡聚酶oligomeric enzyme寡霉素oligomycin寡肽oligopeptide寡肽酶oligopeptidase关键酶key enzymes管家基因housekeeping gene光修复light repairing光修复酶photolyase胱甘肽S-转移酶glutathione S-transferase滚环复制rolling circle replication6-果糖双磷酸酶-26-phosphofructokinase-2果糖双磷酸酶-2fructose biphosphatase-2过渡态transition state过氧化酶体peroxisomes过氧化氢酶catalase,peroxidaseALA合酶ALA synthaseATP合酶ATP snthase核磁共振技术nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR核蛋白nuclear protein核蛋白体RNA ribosomal RNA,rRNA核蛋白体蛋白质ribosomal protein,rp核蛋白体结合位点ribosomal binding site, RBS核蛋白体循环ribosomal cycle核定位信号nuclear localization signal, NLS核定位序列nuclear localization sequence,NLS核苷ribonucleoside核苷二磷酸nucleoside diphosphate,NDP核苷三磷酸nucleoside triphosphate,NTP核苷酸nucleotide核苷一磷酸nucleoside monophosphate,NMP核黄素riboflavin核酶ribozyme核内不均一RNA heterogeneous nuclear RNA,hnRNA 核内小分子RNA small nuclear RNA,snRNA核仁小分子RNA small nucleolar RNA,snoRNA核输入因子nuclear importin核酸nucleic acid核酸内切酶endonuclease核酸外切酶exonuclease核糖核苷酸ribonucleotide核糖核酸ribonucleic acid,RNA核糖体ribosome核小体nucleosome核心颗粒core particle核心酶core enzyme核因子κB nuclear factor-κB,NF-κ B Pribnow盒Pribnow box黑色素melanin亨丁顿舞蹈病Huntington disease恒定片段constant segment后基因组计划post-Human Genome Project, PHGP 呼吸控制率respiratory control ratio, RCR呼吸链respiratory chainb-胡萝卜素b-carotene琥珀酸CoA succinyl CoA琥珀酸CoA合成酶succinyl-CoA synthetase琥珀酸脱氢酶succinate dehydrogenasea互补alpha complementation互补complementary互补的单链DNA complementary DNA花生四烯酸arachidonic acid化学渗透假说chemiosmotic hypothesis化学修饰chemical modificationHMG CoA还原酶HMG CoA reductase环loop环丁基环cyclobutane ringD-环复制D-loop replication缓激肽bradykinin黄疸jaundice黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthosine oxidase黄素单核苷酸flavin mononucleotide, FMN黄素蛋白flavoprotein黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD恢复rescue回文结构palindrome混合功能氧化酶mixed-function oxidase 混合微团mixed micelles活化能activation energy活化素activin活性部位active site活性区activation domain,AD活性中心active center获得性突变gain-of-function mutation肌酸creatine肌酸酐creatinine肌酸激酶creatine kinase, CK肌营养不良蛋白dystrophin基本重组general recombination基本转录因子general transcription factors 基底层bacal laminae基膜baxal lamina基因gene基因靶向gene targeting基因沉默因子silencing factor基因工程genetic engineering基因间隔gene spacer基因矫正gene correction基因克隆gene cloning基因疗法gene therapeutics基因敲除gene knock-out基因失活gene inactivation,loss-of-function mutations 基因文库gene library 基因芯片gene chip基因芯片点阵genechip arrays基因增补gene augmentation基因诊断gene diagnosis基因治疗gene therapy基因置换gene replacement基因重组genetic recombination基因转移gene transfer基因族gene family基因组genome,genomics基因组DNA genomic DNA基因组DNA文库genomic DNA library基因作图genetic mapping激动型G蛋白stimulatory G protein,Gs激活蛋白activator激活功能activation function激活剂activator激素反应元件hormone response element激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase, HSL 级联系统cascade system即刻早期反应基因immediate-early gene,IEG急性时相蛋白质acute phase protein APP急性时相反应物acute phase reactant APR己糖激酶hexokinase加单氧酶monooxygenase甲基化methylation甲基化酶methylase甲基转移酶methyl transferase甲硫氨酸循环methionine cycle甲羟戊酸mevalonic acid, MVA甲胎蛋白α-fetoproteinN-甲酰甲硫氨酸N-formyl methionine,fMet 假尿嘧啶ψ,pseudouridine假神经递质false neurotransmitter间接胆红素indirect reacting bilirubin间接体内疗法ex vivomRNA剪接mRNA splcing剪接splicing剪接接口splicing junction剪接体splicesome检查点check point简并性degeneracy碱基base碱基对base pairs, bp碱性亮氨酸拉链basic eucine zipper碱性螺旋-环-螺旋basic helix-loop-helix降解degradation交联对话cross talk胶原collagen胶原微纤维collagen fibril胶原纤维collagen fiber焦谷氨酸pyroglutamic acid焦磷酸法尼酯farnesyl pyrophosphate, FPPUDPG焦磷酸化酶UDPG pyrophosphorylase焦磷酸硫胺素thiamine pyrophosphate, TPP酵解途径glycolytic pathway酵母yeast酵母基因剔除yeast knockout project酵母人工染色体载体yeast artificial chromosome vector, YAC 酵母双杂交系统yeast two-hybrid-system阶段特异性stage specificity接合作用conjugation接受体acceptor结构基因structural gene结构基因组学structural genomicsSH2结构域Scr homology 2 domainSH3结构域Scr homology 3 domain结构域domain结合胆汁酸conjugated bile acidpoly(A结合蛋白poly(A-binding protein,PABP结合反应conjugation reactionATP结合盒转运蛋白AI ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, ABCA1 结合基团binding group结合酶conjugated enzyme结合区binding domain,BD结合体adaptorDNA结合域DNA binding domain解缠酶untwisting enzyme解毒作用detoxication解磷定pyridine aldoxime methyliodide,PAM解螺旋酶helicase解偶联蛋白uncoupling protein解偶联剂uncoupler金属激活酶metal-activated enzyme金属酶metalloenzyme紧张态tense state进位entrance茎stem茎环stem-loop精胺spermine精脒spermidine竞争性抑制作用competitive inhibition矩形双曲线rectangular hyperbola巨幼红细胞性贫血megaloblastic anemia RNA聚合酶RNA-pol聚合酶链反应polymerase chain reaction, PCR 聚糖glycan绝对特异性absolute specificity癞皮病pellagra劳氏肉瘤病毒Rous sarcoma virus,RSV酪氨酸蛋白激酶tyrosine-protein kinase,TPK 酪氨酸酶tyrosinase类核nucleoid厘摩centimorgen, cM立体异构特异性stereospecificity立早基因immediate-early gene利福平rifampicinN-连接聚糖N-linked glycanO-连接聚糖O-linked glycanDNA连接酶DNA ligase连接酶类ligases连接片段joining segment连接物蛋白adaptor protein连锁分析likage analysis连锁图genetic map,linkage map连续性commaless猎物prey,target protein裂解酶类lyases邻近效应proximity effect林-贝氏Lineweaver- Burk磷酸丙糖异构酶triose phosphate isomerase磷酸二酯键phosphodiester linkage4’-磷酸泛酰氨基乙硫醇4’-phosphopantetheine 磷酸钙转染calcium phosphate transfectionα-磷酸甘油穿梭α-glycerophosphate shuttle3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase磷酸甘油酸变位酶phosphoglycerate mutase磷酸甘油酸激酶phosphoglycerate kinase6-磷酸果糖fructose-6-phosphate , F-6-P6-磷酸果糖激酶-16-phosphofructokinase-1磷酸肌酸creatine phosphate, CP6-磷酸葡萄糖glucose-6-phosphate,G-6-P磷酸戊糖旁路pentose phosphate pathway,pentose phosphate shunt 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolase,phopho-enolpyruvate,PEP3'-磷酸腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸3'-phospho-adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, PAPS磷脂交换蛋白phospholipid exchange proteins磷脂酶A2phospholipase A2磷脂酶类phospholipase磷脂酸phosphatidic acid领头链leading strand另一类激酶just another kinases硫胺素thiamine硫解酶thiolase硫酸角质素keratan sulfate硫酸类肝素heparan sulfate硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate硫酸软骨素类chordroitin sulfates硫酸转移酶sulfate transferase硫辛酸lipoic acid硫氧化还原蛋白thioredoxin硫氧化还原蛋白还原酶thioredoxin reductase路易士气Lewisite卵母细胞oocyte伦理、法律及社会问题ethical, legal and social issues, ELSI α-螺旋α-helix螺旋反稳定蛋白helix destabilizing protein,HDP麦角钙化醇ergocalciferol麦角固醇ergosterol麦芽糖maltose慢反应物质slow reacting substances of analphylaxis锚蛋白ankynin帽结构cap sequence帽结合蛋白cap binding proteins,CBPsDNA酶deoxyribonuclease,DNaseRNA酶ribonuclease, RNase酶enzyme酶促反应动力学kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reaction酶蛋白poenzyme酶联免疫测定法enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA 酶免检测分析enzyme immunodetection assay酶偶联测定法enzyme coupled assays酶原zymogen门管周带periportal zone靡蛋白chymotrypsin米氏方程式Michaelis equation密度梯度离心density gradient centrifugation密码子codon嘧啶pyrimidine免疫印迹immunoblotting模板template模板理论piecing theory模板链template strand模体motif末端转移酶terminal transferase母亲效应基因maternal effect genes目的基因target DNA内分泌endocrine内分泌信号endocrine signal内含子intron内化internalization内皮生长抑制蛋白vastatin内皮抑素Endostatin内肽酶endopeptidase内因子intrinsic factor, IF内在序列同源结构internal seguence homology 内酯酶lactonase内质网endoplasmic reticulum,ER尼克酸nicotinic acid逆向转运reverse cholesterol transport, RCT逆转录reverse transcription逆转录病毒retro-virus, RV逆转录酶reverse transciptase鸟氨酸脱羧酶orinithine decarboxylase鸟氨酸循环orinithine cycle鸟苷guanosine鸟苷酸结合蛋白,G蛋白guanylate binding protein鸟嘌呤guanine,G鸟嘌呤环化酶guanylyl cyclase,GC尿卟啉原I同合酶UPG I cosynthased-尿胆素d-urobilini-尿胆素i-urobilind-尿胆素原d-urobilinogen尿苷uridine尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, UDPGA 尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖uridine diphophate glucose, UDPG尿嘧啶uracil,U尿嘧啶核苷酸uridine monophosphate, UMP尿素循环urea cycle柠檬酸citrate柠檬酸-丙酮酸循环citrate pyruvate cycle柠檬酸合酶citrate synthase柠檬酸裂合酶citrate lyase凝集素样受体lectin-like receptor凝胶过滤gel filtration牛磺胆酸taurocholic acid牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸taurochenodeoxycholic acid 偶氮还原酶类azoreductase偶氮还原酶类azoreductase爬行模型inchworn model排出位exit site旁分泌paracrine旁分泌信号paracrine signal胚胎干细胞embryonic stem cell配体ligand配体蛋白ligandin配伍未端compatible endH片段H segmentKlenow片段Klenow fragment片段重组体patch recombinant嘌呤purine嘌呤核苷酸循环purine nucleotide cycle拼接重组体splice recombinant平行分子遗传学分析parallel molecular genetic analysis苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭malate-asparate shuttle苹果酸脱氢酶fumarate hydratase,malate dehydrogenase DEAE葡聚糖介导转染DEAE dextran-mediated transfection葡糖醛酸胆红素bilirubin glucuronideUDP-葡糖醛酸基转移酶UDP-glucuronyl transferases, UGT葡萄糖glucose,Glc葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶glucose-6-phophatase葡萄糖激酶glucokinase葡萄糖耐量glucose tolerence葡萄糖转运体glucose transporter,GLUT栖热水生菌thermus aquaticus启动元件initiator启动子promoter起点origin起始tRNA initiator-tRNA起始密码initiation coden起始因子initiation factor,IF前病毒provirus前导片段leader segment前列腺环素prostacyclin前列腺素prostaglandin, PG前脑forebrain前清蛋白prealbumin, PAβ-羟丁酸β-hydroxybutyrate羟化酶hydroxylase3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA, HMG CoA3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA, HMG CoA3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase, HMG CoA CoA合酶synthase鞘氨醇sphingosine鞘脂sphingolipids切除修复excision repairing切口-封闭酶nicking-closing enzyme5-氢过氧化廿碳四烯酸5-hydroperoxy-eicotetraenoic acid, 5-HPETE 清蛋白albumin清道夫受体scavenger receptor, SR球蛋白globulin区带zone去饱和酶desaturase去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine全酶holoenzyme醛缩酶aldolase醛脱氢酶aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH缺口nick缺失deletion染色体chromosome染色体步移chromosome walking染色体畸形chromosomal abnormality染色质chromatin热休克蛋白heat shock proteins, Hsp人类白细胞抗原human leucocyte antigen,HLA人类基因组计划human genome project, HGP人类免疫缺陷病毒human immuno-deficiency virus,HIV 溶菌生长途径lysis pathway溶血性黄疸hemolytic jaundice溶源菌生长途径lysogenic pathway融解温度elting temperature, Tm肉碱carnitine肉碱-脂酰肉碱转位酶carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase 肉碱脂酰转移酶I carnitine acyl transferase I乳酸lactate乳酸脱氢酶lactate dehydrogenase乳糖操纵子lac operon朊病毒蛋白prion protein, PrP三级结构tertiary structure三联体密码triplet codetriplex-forming oligonucleotide, TFO三链DNA形成脱氧寡核苷酸三链技术triplex approach三羧酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle三叶草形cloverleaf patternB沙门氏菌 B Salmonella鲨烯squalene鲨烯合酶squalene synthase筛选screening上调up regulation上游因子upstream factors射线radiation,RADX射线衍射法X-ray diffraction神经鞘磷脂sphingomyelin神经肽neuropeptide肾上腺素epinephrine生长因子growth factor生糖氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸ketogenic amino acid生物胞素biocytin生物催化剂biocatalyst生物大分子biomacromolecule生物化学biochemistry生物素biotin生物信息学bioinformatics生物氧化biological oxidation生物转化biotransformationa-生育酚当量a-tocophenol equivalents, a-TE 生殖细胞germ line cell石胆酸lithocholic acid时间特异性temporal specificity视蛋白opsin视黄醇retinol视黄醇结合蛋白retinol binding protein, RBP 视黄醇磷酸retinyl phosphate视黄醛retinal视黄酸retinoic acid视网膜母细胞瘤retinoblastoma饰胶蛋白decorin释放因子release factor,RFHDL受体HDL recepter受体receptor受体调节的SMADs receptor-regulated-SMAD,R-SMADs LDL受体相关蛋白LDL receptor related protein, LRP6-疏基嘌呤6-mercaptopurine,6MP鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌salmonella typhimurium衰减attenuation衰减区域attenuator region衰减子attenuator双倒数作图法double reciprocal plot双链duplex1,6-双磷酸果糖1,6-fructose-biphosphate,F-1,6-2P双螺旋double helix双色荧光探针杂交系统wo-color fluorescent probe hybridization 双缩脲反应biuret reaction双向复制bidirectional replication双性α-螺旋amphipathicαhelix水解酶类hydrolases水溶性维生素water-soluble vitamin顺反子cistron顺式cis顺式作用元件cis-acting element瞬时转染transient transfection丝氨酸磷脂phosphatidyl serine丝甘蛋白聚糖serglycin四级结构quaternary structure四膜虫tetrahymena四氢叶酸tetrahydrofolic acid, FH4 or THFA松弛酶relaxing enzyme松弛态relaxed state酸性激活域acidic activation domain随从链lagging strandDNA损伤DNA damage羧基末端carboxyl terminal羧基末端结构域carboxyl terminal domain, CTD羧基肽酶A carboxypeptidase A肽peptide肽单元peptide unit肽-脯氨酰顺反异构酶peptide prolyl cis-trans isomerase,PPI肽核酸peptide nucleic acid, PNA肽酶peptidase肽酰位peptidyl site肽转位复合物peptide translocation complex 糖蛋白glycoprotein糖复合物glycoconjugates糖苷键glycosidic bondDNA糖苷酶DNA glyclsidase糖酵解glycolysis糖尿病hyperglycemia and glucosuria糖型glycoform糖异生gluconeogenesis糖异生途径gluconeogenic pathway糖原glycogen糖原储存疾病glycogen storage disease糖原分解branching enzyme,glycogenolysis 糖原合酶glycogen synthase糖原累积症Calmodulin套索RNA lariat RNA特异位点重组site-specific recombination特异转录因子special transcription factors体内试验,直接体内疗法in vivo体外试验,试管内in vitro体细胞somatic cell体细胞基因治疗somatic cell gene therapy 天冬酰胺asparagine铁硫簇iron-sulfur cluster, Fe-S铁硫蛋白iron-sulfur protein通用性universal同二聚体homodimer同工酶isoenzyme同型半胱氨酸homocysteine同源homolog同源重组homologous recombination3-酮基二氢鞘氨醇3-ketodihydrosphingosine 酮体ketone bodiesα-酮戊二酸α- ketoglutatrateα-酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex体透明质酸hyaluronic acid透析dialysis突变mutation推荐名称recommended name退火anneal,annealing脱水酶dehydrase脱羧基作用decarboxylation脱羧酶decarboxyase脱氧胞苷deoxycytidine脱氧胞苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脱氧单磷酸核苷deoxynucleotide monophosphate,dNMP脱氧胆酸deoxycholic acid脱氧核苷deoxyribonucleoside脱氧核苷酸deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, dNMP 脱氧核酶deoxyribozyme脱氧核糖核苷酸deoxynucleotide脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA脱氧鸟苷deoxyguanosine脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP脱氧三磷酸核苷deoxynucleotide triphosphate,dNTP脱氧腺苷deoxyadenosine脱氧腺苷酸deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP脱支酶glycogen phosphorylaseDNA拓扑异构酶DNA topoisomerase唾液酸酶neuraminidase外肽酶exopeptidase外显子exon网络系统networkDNA微点阵DNA microarray微粒体乙醇氧化系统microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, MEOS 微团micelles 微纤维fibrilDNA微阵列DNA microarray维生素vitamin胃蛋白酶pepsin胃蛋白酶原pepsinogencDNA文库cDNA library稳定转染stable transfection无规卷曲random coil无嘌呤/嘧啶核苷酸apurinic/apyuimidinic acids,AP 物理图physical map物理作图physical mapping吸光率absorbance,A稀有碱基rare bases系统名称systematic name细胞癌基因cellular-oncogene,c-onc细胞色素cytochrome, Cyt细胞色素C cytochrome C细胞色素P450Cytochrome P450,Cyt P450细胞特异性cell specificity细胞外基质extracellular matrixc,ECM细胞周期cell cycle细胞周期蛋白cyclin细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶cyclin dependent kinase,CDK 下调down regulation纤连蛋白fibronectin, Fn纤维蛋白fibrin纤维蛋白溶酶原plasminogen纤维蛋白原fibrinogen酰基载体蛋白acyl carrier protein, ACP显微注射microinjection线粒体DNA mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA线粒体孔蛋白mitochondrial porin限速酶limiting velocity enzymes限制性内切核酸酶restriction endonuclease限制性片段长度多态性restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP 限制–修饰体系restriction-modification system腺病毒adeno-virus, AV腺病毒相关病毒adeno-associated virus, AAV腺苷adenosineS-腺苷甲硫氨酸S-adenosyl methionine, SAM腺苷酸环化酶adenyl cyclase,adenylate cyclase,AC腺苷酸转运蛋白adenine nucleotide transporter腺苷脱氨酶adenosine deaminase,ADA腺嘌呤adenine,A相变异phase variation相对特异性relative specificityTBP相关因子TBP-associated factor, TAF相似性similarity相转变phase variation硝基还原酶类nitroreductase硝酸纤维素nitrocellulose , NC小分子核糖核蛋白体small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, snRNP 小沟minor groove小片段干涉RNA small interfering RNA,siRNA小叶中心带centrolobular zone校读proofread协调表达coordinate expression协调调节coordinate regulation心磷脂cardiolipin心钠素arrionatriuretic peptide, ANPcDNA芯片cDNA chipDNA芯片DNA chip锌指结构zinc finger。

生物化学常见单词表必需氨基酸（essential amino acid）
非必需氨基酸（nonessential amino acid）
肽键（peptide bond）
结构域（domain）
蛋白质变性（denaturation）
染色体（chromosome）
退火（annealing）
增色效应（hyperchromic effect）
减色效应（hypochromic effect）
糖苷键（glycosidic bond）
寡糖（oligoccharide）
多糖（polysaccharide）
脂肪酸（fatty acid）
协同运输（contransport）
胞吞（endocytosis）
米氏常数（Michaelis constant）
酶活力单位（U,active unit）
维生素（vitamin）
辅酶（conzyme）
呼吸电子传递链（respiratory electron-transport chain）氧化磷酸化（oxidative phosphorylation）
化学渗透理论（chemiosnotic theory）
糖酵解（glycolysis）
底物水平磷酸化（substrate phosphorlation）
柠檬酸循环（citric acid cycle）
乙醛酸循环（glyoxylate cycle）
糖异生作用（gluconenogenesis）
酮体（acetone body）
转氨（transamination）
脱氨（deamination）
从头合成（de novo synthesis）
补救途径（salvage pathway）。

12fatty acid脂肪酸phospholipid[,fɔsfə'lipid, -'lai-]n. [生化] 磷脂phosphoglyceride磷酸甘油sphingosine['sfiŋɡəsi:n, -sin]鞘胺醇,神经胺sphingomyelin[,sfinɡəu'maiəlin]（神经）鞘磷脂glycolipid[,ɡlaikəu'lipid]糖脂类cerebroside['seribrəsaid]脑苷脂ganglioside ['ɡæŋɡliəsaid][生化]神经节苷脂cholesterol[kə'lestərɔl]胆固醇amphipathic molecule[,æmfi'pæθik, 'æmfipɑ:θ]两亲水脂分子lipid bilayer['baileiə]脂质二重层liposome ['lipəusəum, 'lai-]脂质体hydropathy plot[hai'drɔpəθi]水疗法integral membrane protein整合膜蛋白peripheral membrane protein外周膜蛋白lateral diffusion径向扩散fluid mosaic model流动镶嵌模型targeting sequence目标序列receptor-mediated endocytosis [,endəusai'təusis]受体介导的内吞作用14Phototroph['fəutəu,trɔf] （利用光作为代谢能源的）光养生物；[微] 光能利用菌Chemotrop化学营养生物catabolism[kə'tæbəlizəm]分解代谢metabolism or intermediary metabolism[,intə'mi:diəri]新陈代谢或中间代谢anabolism[ə'næbəulizəm] [生化] 合成代谢；同化作用amphibolic pathway[,æmfi'bɔlik][生化]两用代谢途径；[生化]无定向代谢途径coupled reaction偶联反应activated carrier活化载体oxidation-reduction reaction氧化还原反应phosphoryl transfer potential[,fɔs'fɔ:ril; fɔs'fɔ:ril]磷酰基转移电势oxidative phosphorylation['ɔksideitiv,fɔsfəri'leiʃən] 氧化磷酸化ligation reaction[lai'ɡeiʃən]结扎反应isomerization reaction[ai,sɔmərai'zeiʃən, -ri'z-]异构化反应group-transfer reaction基团转移反应hydrolytic reaction水解反应addition to or formation of double-bond reaction增加或形成双键反应energy charge能荷phosphorylation potential[fɔ,sfɔri'leiʃən][有化]磷酸化作用电势16glycolysis[ɡlai'kɔlisis]糖醇解lactic acid fermentation[,fə:men'teiʃən]乳酸发酵alcoholic fermentation酒精发酵gluconeogenesis['ɡlu:kəu,ni:əu'dʒenisis]糖质新生，糖异生ob ligate anaerobe[æ'nεərəub]专性厌氧微生物facultative anaerobe兼性厌氧菌hexokinase[,heksəu'kaineis][生化]己糖激酶kinase['kaineiz, 'ki-]激酶phosphofructokinase (PFK) ['fɔsfəu,frʌktəu'kai,neis, -neiz]磷酸果糖激酶thioester intermediate[,θaiəu'estə]硫代酸酯中间物substrate-level phosphorylation[fɔ,sfɔri'leiʃən]底物水平磷酸化mutase['mju:teis]变位酶enol phosphate['i:nɔl]烯醇磷酸pyruvate kinase[pai'ru:veit, pi-]丙酮酸激酶bifunctional enzyme双功能的酶，双官能团的酶feedforward stimulation正反馈激励committed step[生化]关键步骤pyruvate carboxylase[kɑ:'bɔksileis][生化]丙酮酸羧化酶biotin['baiətin]生物素，维生素H glucose 6-phosphatase 6-磷酸葡萄糖substrate cycle底物周期17citric acid (tricarboxylic acid, TCA; Krebs) cycle['sitrik]柠檬酸（三羧酸，三醋酸纤维素；克雷布斯（姓氏））循环oxidative phosphorylation['ɔksideitiv,fɔsfəri'leiʃən]氧化磷酸化acetyl CoA['æsitil, ə'si:til]乙酰辅酶A flavoprotein['fleivəu'prəuti:n]黄素蛋白pyruvate dehydrogenase complex[pai'ru:veit,pi-][di:'haidrədʒəneis]丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物citrate synthase['sitreit][生化]柠檬酸合成酶iron-sulfur (nonheme iron) protein铁硫蛋白isocitrate dehydrogenase[di:'haidrədʒəneis]异柠檬酸脱氢酶malate synthase['mæleit]苹果酸合成酶a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenas[,ki:təuɡlu:'tɑ:reit]酮戊二酸脱氢酶metabolonanaplerotic reaction[,ænəpli'rɔtik]补给反应glyoxylate cycle[glai'ɔksi,leit]乙醛酸循环glyoxysome [ɡlai'ɔksisəm]乙醛酸循环体beriberi[,beri'beri]脚气病isocitrate lyase['laieis]异柠檬酸裂合酶18oxidative phosphorylation ['ɔksideitiv,fɔsfəri'leiʃən]氧化磷酸化proton-motive force质子原动力cellular respiration [,respə'reiʃən]细胞呼吸作用electron-transport chain电子转移链reduction (redox, oxidation-reduction, E´ 0 ) potential还原（氧化还原剂，氧化还原作用，）电势inverted region反转区coenzyme Q (Q, ubiquinone)辅酶Q（Q，[ju:'bikwi,nəun] 泛醌；辅酶Q（等于coenzyme Q）NADH-Q oxidoreductase (Complex I)['ɔksidəuri'dʌkteis] 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸-Q氧化还原酶（复合物I）flavin mononucleotide (FMN)黄素单核苷酸iron-sulfur (nonheme iron) protein铁硫（非血红素）蛋白cytochrome c (cyt c)细胞色素C succinate-Q reductase (Complex II) ['sʌksineit]琥珀酸盐还原酶Q Q cycle Q周期Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (Complex III) ['saitəukrəum]细胞色素氧化还原酶QRieske centercytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)细胞色素C氧化酶catalase ['kætəleis] 过氧化氢酶superoxide dismutase[dis'mju:teis]超氧化物歧化酶uncoupling protein (UCP)解偶联蛋白ATP synthase (Complex V, F 1 F 0 ATPase)A TP合成酶glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle3-磷酸甘油穿梭途径malate-aspartate shuttle苹果酸-天门冬氨酸穿梭途径ATP-ADP translocase(adenine nucleotide translocase, ANT)ATP-ADP移位酶（腺嘌呤核苷酸移位酶）respiratory (acceptor) control['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]呼吸（受体）控制caspase半胱天冬酶；切冬酶（胱冬肽酶）；细胞凋亡蛋白酶programmed cell death (apoptosis)程序化细胞死亡（[,æpə'təusis; ,æpəp'təusis]细胞凋亡）20Calvin cycle (dark reactions)卡尔文循环（暗反应）Autotroph自养生物starch淀粉heterotroph ['hetərəutrɔf]异养生物peroxisome[pə'rɔksə,səm]过氧物酶体rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) 二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶photorespiration ['fəutəu,respə'reiʃən]光呼吸thioredoxin [,θaiəu'ri:dɔksin]硫氧还蛋白sucrose ['sju:krəuz, -krəus]蔗糖C 4 pathway C 4 plant C 3 plantCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)景天酸代谢pentose phosphate pathway磷酸戊糖途径glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glutathione[,ɡlu:tə'θaiəun]谷胱甘肽transketolase[træns'ki:təuleis, trænz-, trɑ:n-]转酮醇酶transaldolase醛羧移转酶21glycogen phosphorylase糖原磷酸化酶phosphorolysis[,fɔsfə'rɔlisis]磷酸解作用pyridoxal phosphate [,piri'dɔksəl, -æl]吡哆醛磷酸盐（维生素B6）protein kinase A蛋白激酶A phosphorylase kinase磷酸化酶激酶calmodulin ['kælmə,djulin]钙调蛋白epinephrine (adrenaline)肾上腺素glucagon['ɡlu:kəɡɔn]胰高血糖素insulin胰岛素uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPglucose)尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖glycogen synthase糖原合成酶glycogenin protein phosphatase 1蛋白质磷酸酶122triacylglycerol (neutral fat, triacylglyceride)三酰甘油（中性脂肪，三酸甘油酯）bile salt胆汁盐chylomicron [,kailəu'maikrɔn]乳糜微滴acyl adenylate酰基腺苷酸carnitine ['kɑ:niti:n]肉毒碱b-oxidation pathway b氧化途径vitamin B 12(cobalamin)维生素B12['kəubɔ:ləmin] peroxisome[pə'rɔksə,səm]过氧化物酶体ketone body酮体fatty acid synthase脂肪酸合成酶acyl carrier protein (ACP) 酰基载体蛋白质malonyl CoA ['mælənil]丙二酰辅酶Aacetyl CoA carboxylase乙酰辅酶A羧化酶megasynthase polyketide聚酮化合物nonribosomal peptideAMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK)腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶arachidonate[,ærə'kidəneit]花生四烯酸protein phosphatase 2A蛋白质磷酸酶2A prostaglandin[,prɔstə'ɡlændin]前列腺素eicosanoid [ai'kəusə,nɔid]类二十烷酸23ubiquitin [ju:'bikwitin]泛素，泛激酶proteasome蛋白酶体aminotransferase (transaminase)氨基转移酶(转氨酶) glutamate dehydrogenase谷氨酸脱氢酶pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)吡哆醛磷酸盐pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP) [piri'dɔksə,mi:n] 吡哆胺(维生素B6)磷酸盐alanine cycle丙氨酸循环urea cycle尿素循环N-acetylglutamate乙酰谷氨酸carbamoyl phosphate synthetase氨基甲酰磷酸盐合成酶ketogenic amino acid[,ki:təu'dʒenik]生酮氨基酸glucogenic amino acid[,ɡlu:kəu'dʒenik]生成葡萄糖的氨基酸biopterin [,baiəu'pterin]生物嘌呤phenylketonuria ['fenil,ki:tə'njuri:ə, 'fi:-]苯丙酮酸尿24nitrogen fixation固氮作用nitrogenase complex['naitrədʒəneis, nai'trɔdʒəneis]固氮酶复合物essential amino acids必需氨基酸nonessential amino acids非必需氨基酸pyridoxal phosphate[,piri'dɔksəl, -æl]吡哆醛磷酸盐tetrahydrofolate四氢叶酸盐S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) [ə,denəsilmə'θaiəni:n] S—腺苷甲硫胺酸activated methyl cycle活化甲基周期substrate channeling底物通道作用committed step关键步骤cumulative feedback inhibition累积反馈抑制作用enzyme multiplicity酶多样性25Nucleoside核苷nucleotide核苷酸pyrimidine嘧啶salvage pathway补救途径carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CSP) [kɑ:'bæmɔil] 氨甲酰磷酸合成酶purine嘌呤ATP-grasp fold orotidylate5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) [,paiərəu'fɔsfeit] 5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸inosinate [i'nəusineit] 次黄甙酸盐；肌甙酸盐hypoxanthine[,haipəu'zænθi:n, -θin] 次黄嘌呤glutamine phosphoribosyl amidotransferase谷氨酸磷酸核糖氨基转移酶ribonucleotide reductase核苷酸还原酶thymidylate synthase胸苷酸合成酶dihydrofolate reductase [dai,haidrəu'fɔleit]二氢叶酸还原酶26Phosphatidate磷脂Triacylglycerol三酰甘油phospholipid[,fɔsfə'lipid, -'lai-]磷脂cytidine diphosphodiacylglycerol (CDP-diacylglycerol)glyceryl ether phospholipid ['i:θə]甘油乙醚磷脂sphingolipid [,sfinɡəu'lipid, -'laip-]鞘脂类ceramide (N-acyl sphingosine) ['serəmaid](['sfiŋɡəsi:n, -sin]N-酰基鞘氨醇)神经酰胺cerebroside['seribrəsaid]脑苷脂ganglioside['ɡæŋɡliəsaid]神经节苷脂cholesterol[kə'lestərɔl]胆固醇mevalonate [me'væləneit, -nət]甲羟戊醇3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase)3-羟基-5-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate3-煤焦磷酸lipoprotein particles脂蛋白微粒sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)胆固醇元件调节结合蛋白low-density lipoprotein (LDL)低密度脂蛋白high-density lipoprotein (HDL)高密度脂蛋白receptor-mediated endocytosis [,endəusai'təusis]受体调节内吞作用bile salts胆汁盐steroid hormones ['sterɔid, 'stiə-]甾类激素cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ['saitəukrəum][,mɔnəu'ɔksidʒineis,]细胞色素P450单氧酶pregnenolone [preɡ'nenələun] 孕烯醇酮27B-DNA helix B-脱氧核糖核酸螺旋A-DNA helix A-脱氧核糖核酸螺旋major groove【分子生物学】大沟minor groove[生化] 小沟Z-DNA helix Z-脱氧核糖核酸螺旋DNA polymerase DNA聚合酶Template模板Primer原始物helicase解旋酶exonuclease[,eksəu'nju:klieis] [生化] 核酸外切酶supercoil超螺旋linking number (Lk) 耦合数topoisomer拓扑异构体twist (Tw)扭曲writhe (Wr) [raið]翻滚origin of replication复制原点topoisomerase [tɔpɔi'sʌməreiz]拓扑异构酶primase引发酶replication fork复制叉Okazaki fragment [遗] 冈崎片段lagging strand [生化] 后随链leading strand引导链DNA ligase DNA连接酶processivity持续合成能力cell cycle细胞周期telomere ['teləmiə]端粒telomerase [te'lɔməreis]端粒酶recombinase [ri:'kɔmbə,neiz]重组酶Holliday junctionrecombination synapse ['sainæps, 'si-, si'næps]重组突触transition过渡transversion颠换mutagen ['mju:tədʒən] 诱导有机体突变的物质direct repair base-excision repair Ames tesnucleotide-excision repair核苷酸切补修复trinucleotide repeat三核苷酸复制28Transcription转录RNA polymeraseRNA聚合酶promoter sites起始位点transcription factor转录因子footprinting足迹法consensus sequence共有序列sigma subunit 亚组rho (r) protein transcription bubble转录泡TA TA box Enhancer强化剂pre-mRNA前信使RNA5 cap poly(A) tail RNA editingRNA剪接RNA splicingRNA拼接Spliceosome剪接体small nuclear RNA (snRNA)小核RNA alternative splicing可变剪接catalytic RNA催化剂RNA self-splicing自我拼接29Translation翻译Ribosome核糖体transfer RNA (tRNA)转运RNA codon密码子anticodon反密码子aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase氨酰基-转运RNA合成酶50S subunit 30S subunit Polysome多核糖体Shine-Dalgarno sequence peptidyl transferase center肽基转移酶中心wobble hypothesis['wɔbl][hai'pɔθisis]摆动假说，变偶假说initiation factor起始因子elongation factor延长因子elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts)elongation factor G (EF-G)molecular mimicry['mimikri]分子模拟release factor释放因子30allosteric interaction变构相互作用covalent modification共价修正glycolysis糖酵解phosphofructokinase ['fɔsfəu,frʌktəu'kai,neis, -neiz]磷酸果糖激酶citric acid cycle三羧酸循环oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化pentose phosphate pathway磷酸戊糖途径gluconeogenesis ['ɡlu:kəu,ni:əu'dʒenisis]糖异生glycogen synthesis糖原合成glycogen degradation糖原降解glucose 6-phosphate 6-磷酸葡萄糖acetyl CoA乙酰辅酶A pyruvate [pai'ru:veit, pi-]丙酮酸ketone body酮体starved-fed cycle饥饿喂养的周期glucose homeostasis [,həumiəu'steisis]葡萄糖内稳态insulin胰岛素glucagon胰高血糖素caloric homeostasis热量内稳态leptin ['leptin]瘦蛋白creatine phosphate ['kri:əti:n]磷酸肌酸。

(完整版)常用生物学专业英语词汇Aabdomen 腹部abdominal 腹部的abiotic 非生物的abnormal 反常的，变态的abscisic 脱落酸abscission 脱落absorb 吸收（水、热、光等) absorption spectrum 吸收光谱，吸收谱absorption 吸收作用abut 连接accelerate 加速,加快acceptable 可接受的acceptor 受体acetate 醋酸盐;醋酸根acetone 丙酮acetyl 乙酰基acorn 橡树子acquire［o’kwaio)uJ．获得，取得．actin 肌动蛋白actinomycinD 放线菌素D activation 活化；激活activationenergy 活化能active site 活性中心active 主动的；活性的adapt 使适应,改编适应adaptin 衔接蛋白adaptive radiation 适应辐射adenine 腺嘌呤adenosine 腺嘌呤核苷adenosyl 腺苷的adenovirus 腺病毒adhering junctings 粘着连接adhesion 粘着；附着adipose 脂肪多的adjacent 毗邻的adjust 调节，调整；校正admit 让……进入adolescent 青少年adrenal肾上腺的，肾上腺adulthood 成年affinity 亲和；吸引agar 琼脂，洋菜agarose 琼脂糖agency 媒介agent 剂aggregate 聚合体Agrobacterium tumefaciens 根癌农杆菌airborne 空气传播的alanine 丙氨酸albino 白化体albumin 白蛋白，清蛋白aldosterone 醛固酮，醛甾酮allcviate 减轻；缓和allelc 等位基因allele 等位基因突变遗传因子allosteric modification 别构修饰allosteric 别构的aloft 向上Alzheimer’s disease 阿尔茨海默氏病amino 氨基的～acid氨基酸aminocyclopropylcarboxylic氨基环丙烷羧酸aminopeptidase 氨基肽酶amnion 羊膜amoeboid 阿米巴样的amphibian 两栖动物amphipathic 两亲的两性的amphiploid 双倍体amplify 扩增amylase 淀粉酶anaerobic 厌氧的anal 肛门的,臀的analogous 机能相似的，同功的analysis 分析，分解analyze 分析anaphase （细胞分裂的）后期anaphase—promoting complex,APC 促后期复合物anarogen 雄激素anatomy 解剖学ancestor 祖先ancient 古老（的生物) 古老的anemia 贫血（症) 局部缺血angiosperm 被子植物anionic 阴离子的antagonistic 对抗性的antagonize 对抗；中和antennae 触角anterior 前的anther 花药anticodon 反密码子antidiuretiC 抗利尿的抗利尿anus 肛门anus 肛门aorta 主动脉apex （复）apices 顶，顶点apparatus 体；器官;装置appendicitis 阑尾炎appendix 阑尾appetlte 食欲，胃口appreciable 可估计的appropriate 适当的approximately 近似地,大约archaebacteria 古细菌archaic 古代的arterial 动脉的arteriole 小动脉artery 动脉arthritis 关节炎artificial chromosome 人工染色体aspartic 天冬氨酸astrocyte 星形(神经胶质），细胞asymmetric 不对称的atmosphere 大气层，大气圈atrium 心房autocatalytic 自动催化的autonomic neuron 自主神经元autonomously replicatingsequence ARS 自主复制起序列autophagy 自噬作用axon 轴突axoplasm 轴浆Bbacillus 杆菌bacteria 细菌bacterial artificialchromosome， BAC 细菌人工染色体bacteriophage 噬菌体bacterium 细菌basal cell carcinoma 基层细(完整版)常用生物学专业英语词汇胞癌base 碱基basement membrane 基膜bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐bilateral symmetry 两侧对称bilayer 双层binal 双重的，两倍的,孪生的binding 结合位点binomial 双名的biochemical 生物化学的biogeography 生物地理学biology 生物学biotechnology 生物技术biotic 生物的bipedal 两足动物的bipolar 双极的blastocoele 囊胚腔blastoderm 胚盘blastomere 卵裂球blastula 囊胚blister水疱，疱blood pressure 血压blood-clotting 凝血boron 硼botanist 植物学家botanist 植物学家boulder 巨砾，圆石bounce 跳起breeze 微风bryophytes 苔藓类植物bud 芽buffer 缓冲,缓冲剂bulb 鳞茎bulky 泡状bumble 犯大错bump 碰,撞bundle 维管束bunting 巫鸟buoyancy 浮力buoyant 有浮力的butanol 丁醇Ccaecilian 无足类caffeine 咖啡因cambium 形成层Cambrian 寒武纪cancerous 癌的capillary bed 毛细血管床capillary 毛细血管capsid (病毒)衣壳carbohydrate 碳水化合物，糖类carbonate 碳酸盐carboxy 羧基carboxylation 羧化作用carboxypeptidase 羧肽酶carcinogen 致癌剂carcinoma 癌cardiovascular 心血管的carotenoid 类胡萝卜素carotid 颈动脉的carpel 心皮catalyze 催化catecholamine 儿茶酚胺cateract 白内障cell secretion细胞分泌cell wall 细胞壁cellulose 纤维素,植物纤维物质Cenozoic 新生代centiped 少足类central dogma 中心法则central vacuole 中央液泡centrifuge 离心机centriole 中心粒centromere 着丝粒,着丝点centromeric sequence CEN 着丝粒序列cephalization 头部形成cerebellum 小脑cerebral 大脑的champion 拥护者channel通道,管道chemotaxis 趋化性chlorine 氯，氯气chlorofluorocarbon 含氯氟烃chlorophyll 叶绿素chlorophyllase 叶绿素酶chloroplast 叶绿体chloroquine 氯奎choke 窒息，噎cholesterol 胆固醇chordate 脊索动物chorion 绒毛膜chromatid 染色单体chromatin 染色质chromatography 层析chromosome 染色体chylomicron 乳糜小滴chyme 食糜chymotripisn 糜蛋白酶chysophyte 金藻chytrids 壶菌cicada 蝉ciliated 具纤毛的Ciliophora 纤毛门circadian 全天的circulate 循环，环流circumstance 环境cis-acting element 顺式作用元件cis-Golgi network, CGN 高尔基内侧网络cistron 顺反子citric 柠檬的clathrin-coated vesicle 披网格蛋白小泡cleavage 卵裂,细胞分裂cleave 分开clone 克隆，无性系clot 凝块cloverleaf 三叶草club fungi 珊瑚菌担子菌（Basidiomycetes)coccus 球菌coccyx 尾骶骨的尾骨code 密码coelom 体腔coenzyme 辅酶coexist 共存coherent 粘着的，连贯的coil 卷，盘绕coincidence 巧合coleoptile 胚芽鞘collagen 骨胶原，成胶质collateral 侧支collenchyma 厚角组织commensalisms 共栖，共生competitive inhibitor 竞争性抵制剂complementary 互补的，补充的concentration 浓度connective tissue 结缔组织(完整版)常用生物学专业英语词汇constitutive enzyme 组成酶Constitutive secretory pathway 组成型分泌途径contaminant 沾染物contour 轮廓,外形contractile 可收缩的contraction 收缩convulsion 惊厥coolant 冷却剂COPII coated vesicles COPII被膜小泡COPI coated vesicles COPI被膜小泡copulate 交配cord 索cork 皮层，木栓cornea 角膜cortex 皮质corticosteroid 皮质甾类cortisol 肾上腺皮质索cotyledon 子叶cotyledonary 子叶的counterpart 副本，复本covalence 共价covalent bond 共价键covalent 共价covering 覆盖cranial nerves 脑神经cranial 脑的crawl 蠕动creature 生物crenate 圆齿状的crest 达到顶点cretaceous 白垩纪的crevice 裂缝crispnsee 脆，鲜嫩cristae 嵴（拉）crossing over 遗传物质的交换cross—linked 交联的crustacea 浮游甲壳动物crustacean 甲壳动物crystalline 结晶的culture 培养，栽培cushione 缓冲缓和cuticle 表皮，角质层cutin 角质cyanobacteria 蓝细菌cyclin 细胞周期蛋白cyclin-dependent proteinkinases, CDK 细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶cytochrome 细胞色素cytokinin 细胞分裂素cytomembrane systeme 膜系统cytoplasm 细胞质cytosine 胞嘧啶cytoskeleton 细胞骨架cytosol 胞液，细胞溶质Ddaughter chromosome 子染色体debris 碎片decipher 破译decomposer 分解者degenerate 变性degrade 使降解deletion 染色体的缺失denaturation 变性dendrite 树突deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic 脱氧核糖核酸的deoxyribose 脱氧核糖deposition 沉积作用deprive 剥夺deprive 夺去derevative 衍生物desensitization脱敏现象，减感作用detergent 去垢剂deuterostome 后口动物development 发育，发展dextran 葡聚糖dialysis 透析，渗析diaphragm 横隔膜diastolic 心脏舒张的diatom 硅藻differential centrifugation差速离心differentiation 分化diffraction 衍射diffusion 扩散，渗滤digestive tract 消化道dihybrid 双因子杂种dilute 稀释dimensional 维,度，元dimer 二聚体dioxide 二氧化物dip 浸，蘸dipeptide 二肽diploid 二倍体的distort 变形，扭曲distortion 畸变，变形，失真divergence 分歧diverse vesicle 消化泡diversity 多样性，差异Docking protein， DP 停泊蛋白dodecyl 十二烷基dominant 显性的，显性性状donor 供体dormant 休眠的dorsal 背面的dorsal root ganglion 背根神经节dorsal 背部的double helix 双螺旋duodenum 十二指肠duplicate 复制dynamic 动力学的，动态的dyneins 动力蛋白dysentery 痢疾Eearlobe 耳垂earthworm 蚯蚓echinoderm 棘皮动物ecological 生态学的ecosystem 生态系统ectoderm 外胚层ectotherm 冷血动物edoplasmic reticulum 内质网effector 效应器efferent 传出的egg 蛋，卵egg-laying mammals 卵生哺乳动物egret 白鹭，冠毛eject 排斥,逐出elaborate 精细制作的，复杂的elastic connective tissue 弹(完整版)常用生物学专业英语词汇力结缔组织elastin 弹性蛋白electron 电子electrophoresis 电泳embryo 胚,胚胎embryogenesis 胚胎发生embryology 胚胎学embryonic 胚胎的emulsion 乳状液encephalitis 脑炎encode 编码endocrine 内分泌endocytic 细胞内吞作用endocytosis 胞吞作用endoderm 内胚层endomembrane systems 内膜系统endoplasmic 内质的endoplasmic reticulum内质网endosome 内体endosperm胚乳endosymbiosis 内共生endothelial 内皮的endotherm 热血动物enucleate 去…。

生物化学(Biochemistry)词汇nucleoside <生物化学 Biochemistry> 核苷Okazaki fragment <生物化学 Biochemistry> 冈崎片段oncogene <生物化学 Biochemistry> 癌基因，原癌基因one carbon unit <生物化学 Biochemistry> 一碳单位operator <生物化学 Biochemistry> 操纵基因operon <生物化学 Biochemistry> 操纵子orotic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 乳清酸ossification <生物化学 Biochemistry> 成骨作用oxaloacetic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 草酰乙酸oxidases <生物化学 Biochemistry> 氧化酶类oxidative phosphorylation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 氧化磷酸化oxidoreductase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 氧化复原酶palindrome <生物化学 Biochemistry> 回文结构pancreatic lipase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 胰脂肪酶pantothenic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 遍多酸pentose <生物化学 Biochemistry> 戊糖pentose phosphate pathway <生物化学 Biochemistry> 磷酸戊糖途径pepsin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 胃蛋白酶pepsinogen <生物化学 Biochemistry> 胃蛋白酶原peptide <生物化学 Biochemistry> 肽peptide bond <生物化学 Biochemistry> 肽键peptidyl site <生物化学 Biochemistry> 肽基位或P位peroxidase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 过氧化物酶phenylalanine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 苯丙氨酸phosphatidic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 磷脂酸phosphogluconate <生物化学 Biochemistry> 磷酸葡萄糖酸phospholipase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 磷脂酶plasmid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 质粒polycistron <生物化学 Biochemistry> 多作用子polypeptide <生物化学 Biochemistry> 多肽porphyrin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 卟啉precipitation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 沉淀preproalbumin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 前清蛋白原primary structure <生物化学 Biochemistry> 一级结构primase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 引发酶primer <生物化学 Biochemistry> 引物glucogenic amino acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 生糖氨基酸glucokinase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 葡萄糖激酶gluconeogenesis <生物化学 Biochemistry> 糖(原)异生作用glutamic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 谷氨酸glutaminase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 谷氨酰胺酶glutamine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 谷氨酰胺glutathione <生物化学 Biochemistry> 谷胱甘肽glycerol <生物化学 Biochemistry> 甘油glycine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 甘氨酸glycogen <生物化学 Biochemistry> 糖原glycogen phosphorylase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 糖原磷酸化酶glycogen synthase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 糖原合成酶glycolysis <生物化学 Biochemistry> 糖酵解guanosine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 鸟苷helicase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 解链酶(解旋酶)heme <生物化学 Biochemistry> 血红素heteroduplex <生物化学 Biochemistry> 杂化双链hexokinase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 己糖激酶histamine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 组胺histidine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 组氨酸housekeeping gene <生物化学 Biochemistry> 管家基因hybridization <生物化学 Biochemistry> 杂交hydrogen bond <生物化学 Biochemistry> 氢键hydrolase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 水解酶类hydroperoxidases <生物化学 Biochemistry> 氢过氧化酶类hydrophobic bond (hydrophobic interaction) <生物化学 Biochemistry> 疏水键hydroxyapatite <生物化学 Biochemistry> 羟磷灰石hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA cleavage enzyme <生物化学 Biochemistry> HMG CoA裂解酶hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthetase <生物化学 Biochemistry> HMG CoA合酶Hydroxyproline <生物化学 Biochemistry> 羟脯氨酸acceptor site <生物化学 Biochemistry> 受位acetone <生物化学 Biochemistry> 丙酮activator <生物化学 Biochemistry> 激活蛋白，激活剂，活化物adenine (A) <生物化学Biochemistry> 腺嘌呤adenosine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 腺苷aerobic dehydrogenase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 需氧脱氢酶alanine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 丙氨酸albumin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 白蛋白，清蛋白allopurinol <生物化学 Biochemistry> 别嘌呤醇allosteric effect <生物化学 Biochemistry> 别构(位)效应allosteric enzyme <生物化学 Biochemistry> 变构酶，别位酶allosteric regulation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 别构调节amine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 胺aminoacyl site <生物化学 Biochemistry> A位，氨酰基位anticodon <生物化学 Biochemistry> 反密码子arginine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 精氨酸ascorbic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 抗坏血酸 (维生素C)asparagine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 天冬酰胺aspartic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 天冬氨酸asymmetric transcription <生物化学 Biochemistry> 不对称转录attenuator <生物化学 Biochemistry> 衰减子base <生物化学 Biochemistry> 碱基base pairing <生物化学 Biochemistry> 碱基配对bile pigment <生物化学 Biochemistry> 胆色素biotin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 生物素biotransformation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 生物转化calcitriol <生物化学 Biochemistry> １，２５二羟胆骨化醇〔钙三醇〕calcium dependent protein kinase <生物化学 Biochemistry> Ca依赖性蛋白激酶，蛋白激酶C(C激酶)Calmodulin <生物化学 Biochemistry>carbohydrate <生物化学 Biochemistry> 糖carnitine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 肉毒碱catalase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 触酶，过氧化氢酶cephalin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 脑磷脂de novo synthesis <生物化学 Biochemistry> 从头合成degradation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 降解denaturation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 变性deoxycholic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 脱氧胆酸deoxyribonucleotide <生物化学 Biochemistry> 脱氧核糖核苷酸dialysis <生物化学 Biochemistry> 透析dihydroxyacetone phosphate <生物化学 Biochemistry> 磷酸二羟丙酮disulfide bond <生物化学 Biochemistry> 二硫键DNA polymerase <生物化学 Biochemistry> DNA聚合酶domain <生物化学 Biochemistry> 域,结构域,功能区donor site <生物化学 Biochemistry> 给位double helix <生物化学 Biochemistry> 双螺旋effector <生物化学 Biochemistry> 效应器,效应物elongation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 延长endopeptidase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 内肽酶enhancer <生物化学 Biochemistry> 增强子enolphosphopyruvate <生物化学 Biochemistry> 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enzyme <生物化学 Biochemistry> 酶essential amino acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 必需脂肪酸exon <生物化学 Biochemistry> 外显子exopeptidase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 外肽酶fat <生物化学 Biochemistry> 脂肪feedback inhibition <生物化学 Biochemistry> 反应抑制作用feritin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 铁蛋白ferrochelatase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 亚铁螯合酶folic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 叶酸free fatty acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 游离脂肪酸free radicals <生物化学 Biochemistry> 自由基fructose diphosphatase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 果糖二磷酸酶gene cloning <生物化学 Biochemistry> 基因克隆gene expression <生物化学 Biochemistry> 基因表达gene library <生物化学 Biochemistry> 基因文库gene transfer <生物化学 Biochemistry> 基因导入,转基因genetic code <生物化学 Biochemistry> 遗传密码genetic engineering <生物化学 Biochemistry> 基因工程genetic rebination <生物化学 Biochemistry> 基因重组genome <生物化学 Biochemistry> 染色体基因，基因组globin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 珠蛋白hypocalcemia <生物化学 Biochemistry> 低钙血症induction <生物化学 Biochemistry> 诱导initiator codon <生物化学 Biochemistry> 起动信号,起始密码子intermediary metabolism <生物化学 Biochemistry> 中间代谢ionic bond <生物化学 Biochemistry> 离子键isocitrate dehydrogenase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 异柠檬酸脱氢酶isoleucine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 异亮氨酸isomerase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 异构酶类isozyme <生物化学 Biochemistry> 同工酶jaundice <生物化学 Biochemistry> 黄疸ketogenic amino acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 生酮氨基酸key enzyme <生物化学 Biochemistry> 关键酶kinase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 激酶lactate <生物化学 Biochemistry> 乳酸盐lecithin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 卵磷脂leucine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 亮氨酸ligase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 连接酶linoleate <生物化学 Biochemistry> 亚油酸linolenate <生物化学 Biochemistry> 亚麻酸lipoic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 硫辛酸lipoid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 类脂lipoprotein <生物化学 Biochemistry> 脂蛋白lithocholic acid <生物化学 Biochemistry> 石胆酸lyases <生物化学 Biochemistry> 裂合酶类malate <生物化学 Biochemistry> 苹果酸malate aspartate shuttle <生物化学 Biochemistry> 苹果酸天冬氨酸穿梭metabolic regulation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 代谢调节mitogen activated protein kinase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 分裂原活化蛋白激酶mixed function oxidase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 混合功能氧化酶molecular cloning <生物化学 Biochemistry> 分子克隆molecular disease <生物化学 Biochemistry> 分子病monooxygenase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 单加氧酶monooxygenase system <生物化学 Biochemistry> 单加氧酶体系nicotinamide <生物化学 Biochemistry> 烟酰胺，尼克酰胺nitrogen balance <生物化学 Biochemistry> 氮平衡pyruvate carboxylase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate dehydrogenase plex <生物化学 Biochemistry> 丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体pyruvate kinase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 丙酮酸激酶quaternary structure <生物化学 Biochemistry> 四级结构rebinant DNA <生物化学 Biochemistry> 重组DNAgenetic engineering <生物化学 Biochemistry> 基因工程regulatory gene <生物化学 Biochemistry> 调节基因renaturation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 复性repair <生物化学 Biochemistry> 修复replication <生物化学 Biochemistry> 复制repression <生物化学 Biochemistry> 阻遏residue <生物化学 Biochemistry> 残基respiratory chain <生物化学 Biochemistry> 呼吸链restriction endonuclease <生物化学 Biochemistry> 限制性内切核酸酶retinol <生物化学 Biochemistry> 视黄醇(维生素A)reverse transcriptase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 逆转录酶reverse transcription <生物化学 Biochemistry> 逆转录作用salting out <生物化学 Biochemistry> 盐析salvage pathway <生物化学 Biochemistry> 补救(重新利用)途径screening <生物化学 Biochemistry> 筛选secondary structure <生物化学 Biochemistry> 二级结构semiconservative replication <生物化学 Biochemistry> 半保存复制sense strand <生物化学 Biochemistry> 有意义链sequence <生物化学 Biochemistry> 序列serine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 丝氨酸signal recognition particle <生物化学 Biochemistry> 信号肽识别颗粒silencer <生物化学 Biochemistry> 抑制子simple protein <生物化学 Biochemistry> 单纯蛋白质specificity <生物化学 Biochemistry> 特异性splicing <生物化学 Biochemistry> 剪接作用squalene <生物化学 Biochemistry> 鲨烯stage specificity <生物化学 Biochemistry> 阶段特异性stercobilinogen <生物化学 Biochemistry> 粪胆素原stress <生物化学 Biochemistry> 应激structural gene <生物化学 Biochemistry> 结构基因substrate <生物化学 Biochemistry> 作用物substrate level phosphorylation <生物化学 Biochemistry> 作用物(底物)水平磷酸化subunit <生物化学 Biochemistry> 亚单位，亚基succinate dehydrogenase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 琥珀酸脱氢酶supersecondary structure <生物化学 Biochemistry> 超二级结构Taurine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 牛磺酸telomerase <生物化学 Biochemistry> 端粒酶telomere <生物化学 Biochemistry> 端区(端粒)template strand <生物化学 Biochemistry> 模板链termination <生物化学 Biochemistry> 终止terminator <生物化学 Biochemistry> 终止子terminator codon <生物化学 Biochemistry> 终止信号tertiary structure <生物化学 Biochemistry> 三级结构thiamine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 硫胺素(维生素B1) threonine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 苏氨酸thymidine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 胸苷，胸腺嘧啶核苷thymine (T) <生物化学 Biochemistry> 胸腺嘧啶tocopherol <生物化学 Biochemistry> 生育酚proalbumin <生物化学 Biochemistry> 清蛋白原processing <生物化学 Biochemistry> 加工proenzyme <生物化学 Biochemistry> 酶原proline <生物化学 Biochemistry> 脯氨酸promoter <生物化学 Biochemistry> 启动基因(启动子)，催化剂prosthetic group <生物化学 Biochemistry> 辅基protease <生物化学 Biochemistry> 蛋白酶pyridoxal <生物化学 Biochemistry> 吡哆醛pyridoxamine <生物化学 Biochemistry> 吡哆胺。

基因词汇From：/web/page/n ews2398.htmabhydrolase 自水解酶absentia 失神acantholytic 棘状acanthosis 棘皮症accessibility 可及性aceruloplasminemia 无血浆铜蓝蛋白症acetamide 乙酰胺acetate 乙酰acetazolamide 醋唑磺胺acetoacetyl 乙酰乙酰acetolactate 乙酰乳酸acetyl 乙酰acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylesterase 乙酰酯酶acetylgalactosamine 乙酰半乳糖胺acetylgalactosaminidase 乙酰半乳糖胺酶acetylgalactosaminide 乙酰半乳糖胺acetylgalactosaminyl 乙酰氨基半乳糖acetylgalactosaminyltran sferase 乙酰半乳糖氨基转移酶acetylglucosamine 乙酰葡糖胺acetylglucosaminidase 乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetylglucosaminide 乙酰氨基葡萄糖acetylglucosaminylglyco peptide 乙酰葡糖氨基糖肽acetylglucosaminyltransf erase 乙酰葡糖氨基转移酶acetylglutamate 乙酰谷氨酸acetylglycerophosphoch oline 乙酰甘油磷酸胆碱acetylhexosaminidase 乙酰己糖胺酶acetylhydrolase 乙酰水解酶acetyllactosamine 乙酰氨基乳糖acetyllactosaminide 乙酰乳糖铵acetylmannosamine 乙酰甘露糖胺acetylmuramoyl 乙酰胞壁酸acetylneuraminate 乙酰神经氨酸acetylserotonin 乙酰复合胺acetyltransferase 乙酰转移酶achaete 无刚毛achalasia 弛缓不能achondroplasia 软骨发育不全acidemia 酸血症acidification 酸化acidosis 酸中毒aciduria 酸尿症acne 痤疮aconitase 顺乌头酸酶aconitate 顺乌头酸acrosin 顶体蛋白acrosome 顶体acteylglucosamine 乙酰葡糖胺actin 肌动蛋白actinin 辅肌动蛋白activin 活化蛋白actomyosin 肌动球蛋白aculeiform 皮刺状acyl 酰基acylaminoacyl 酰氨酰acylcarnitine 酰基肉碱acylglucosamine 酰氨基葡糖acylglycerol 酰基甘油acylhydrolase 酰基水解酶acylmannosamine 酰基甘露糖胺acylneuraminate 酰基神经氨酸acyloxyacyl 酰基羧酸acylphosphatase 酰基磷酸酶acylsphingosine 酰基鞘氨醇acyltransferase 酰基转移酶adaptin 衔接蛋白addiction 成瘾addressin 址蛋白adducin 内收蛋白adenine 腺嘌呤adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenoma 腺瘤adenomatosis 腺瘤adenosine 腺苷adenosylcobalamin 腺苷维生素B12adenosylhomocysteinase 腺苷高半胱氨酸酶adenosylhomocysteine腺苷高半胱氨酸adenosylmethionine 腺苷蛋氨酸adenosyltransferase 腺苷转移酶adenovirus 腺病毒adenyl 腺嘌呤adenylate 腺苷酸adenylosuccinate 腺苷琥珀酸adenylyl 腺苷adenylylsulfate 腺苷硫酸adenylyltransferase 腺苷转移酶adipocyte 脂肪细胞adiponectin 脂肪连接蛋白adiponutrin 脂肪营养蛋白adipose 脂肪adipsin 抑渴蛋白adrenal 肾上腺adrenergic 肾上腺素能adrenoceptor 肾上腺素受体adrenocortical 肾上腺皮质adrenocorticotropin 促肾上腺皮质激素adrenomedullin 肾上腺髓质素adrenoreceptor 肾上腺素受体affinity 亲和性aflatoxin 黄曲酶毒素aftiphilin 亲尾蛋白agammaglobulinemia 无γ球蛋白血症agenesis 器官缺失畸形agglutinin 凝集蛋白aggrecan 聚集蛋白聚糖aggrecanase 集硅酶agmatinase 凝集酶agmatine 胍基丁胺agonist 拮抗因子agrin 集聚蛋白alacrimia 无泪腺症alanine 丙氨酸albinism 白化病albipunctatus 白点albumin 白蛋白aldehyde 醛aldo 醇醛aldolase 醛缩酶aldose 醛糖alignment 联配alkali 碱alkaline 碱alkane 烷alkylbase 烷化碱基alkylglycerone 烷化甘油alkylglycerophosphocholine 烷基甘油磷酸胆碱allantoicase 尿囊酶allele 等位基因allograft 同种异体移植alloimmune 同种免疫alopecia 秃发alveolar 肺泡alveolus 腺泡amaurosis 黑朦amelia 无肢畸形ameloblastin 成釉细胞蛋白amelogenesis 成釉amelogenin 成釉蛋白amidase 酰胺酶amide 酰胺amidine 脒amidinotransferase 脒基转移酶amidohydrolase 酰胺水解酶amidophosphoribosyltransferase 腺苷酸转移酶amidotransferase 氨基转移酶amiloride 氨氯吡嗪脒amino 氨基aminoacylase 氨酰酶aminoacylation 氨酰化aminoadipate 氨基乙二酸aminoadipic 氨基脂肪aminobutyraldehyde 氨基丁醛aminobutyrate 氨基丁酸aminocarboxymuconate氨基羧基粘康酸aminocyclase 氨基环化酶aminocyclopropane 氨基环丙烷aminoglycan 氨基聚糖aminoimidazole 氨基咪唑aminolevulinate 氨乙酰丙酸aminomethyl 氨甲基aminomethyltransferase氨甲基转移酶aminopeptidase 氨肽酶aminophospholipid 氨磷脂aminotransferase 转氨酶ammonia 氨ammonium 铵amnionless 无羊膜amphetamine 安非他明amphiglycan 两性糖amphiphysin 两性蛋白amphiregulin 双调蛋白amylase 淀粉酶amyloidosis 淀粉样变性amyotrophic 肌萎缩性anaerobic 无氧anagen 生长初期anaphase 后期anaphylatoxin 过敏毒素androgen 雄激素anemia 贫血aneurysm 动脉瘤angel 天使蛋白angina 心绞痛angio 脉管angioedema 血管性水肿angiogenesis 血管生成angiogenin 血管生成蛋白angiomotin 血管动蛋白angiomyolipomas 血管肌脂过多angiopathy 血管病angiopoietin 血管位蛋白angiostatin 血管稳定蛋白angiotensin 血管紧张肽angiotensinase 血管紧张肽酶angiotensinogen 血管紧张肽原angle 角度anhidrosis 缺汗症anhydrase 脱水酶anillin 苯胺素anion 阴离子aniridia 无铱症ankyloglossia 舌粘连ankylosis 僵硬ankyrin 锚蛋白annexin 膜联蛋白anomaly 异常anterograde 顺行性anthrax 炭疽热antibody 抗体antibody 抗体antichymotrypsin 抗胰凝乳蛋白酶anticoagulant 抗凝血剂anticodon 反密码子antidepressant 抗抑郁剂antigen 抗原antioxidant 抗氧化剂antiplasmin 抗纤溶酶antiporter 逆向运输第1页，共12页antiproteinase 抗蛋白酶antiquitin 遗蛋白antithrombin 抗凝血酶antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶aorta 主动脉aplasia 发育不全apnea 窒息apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白apoptosis 细胞凋亡apraxia 失用症aquaporin 水通道蛋白aquarius 宝瓶座aqueduct 导水管arachidonate 花生四烯酸arachnodactyly 蛛状指aralkylamine 芳香胺archaemetzincin 古梅斯蛋白arginase 精氨酸酶arginine 精氨酸argininosuccinate 精氨琥珀酸arginyltransferase 精氨酰转移酶aromatase 芳香酶arsenate 砷酸盐arsenite 亚砷酸arsonoacetate 砷乙酸arteriopathy 动脉病artery 动脉arthropathy 关节病arylacetamide 芳乙酰胺arylalkylamine 芳烷基胺arylamine 芳胺aryldialkylphosphatase 芳二烷基磷酸酶arylesterase 芳酯酶arylformamidase 芳犬尿氨酸甲酰胺酶arylsulfatase 芳硫酸酯酶ascorbate 抗坏血酸asialoglycoprotein 脱唾液酸糖蛋白asparaginase 天冬酰胺酶asparagine 天冬酰胺asparate 天冬氨酸aspartase 天冬氨酸酶aspartate 天冬氨酸aspartoacylase 天冬酰转移酶aspartylglucosaminidase 天冬氨酰葡糖胺酶asporin 无孢蛋白astacin 龙虾肽酶aster 星体astrocyte 星形胶质细胞astrocytes 星形胶质细胞astrotactin 星形肌动蛋白ataxia 共济失调athanogene 永生基因atopy 过敏症atresia 闭锁畸形atrophy 萎缩autism 孤独症autoantigen 自身抗原autocrine 自分泌autoimmunity 自身免疫性autoinflammatory 自发炎症autointegration 自整合autophagy 自噬autophosphorylation 自磷酸化autoprocessing 自加工autoregulatory 自调控autosome 常染色体autotaxin 自毒素auxotroph 营养缺陷型axon 轴突axoneme 轴丝axonogenesis 轴突生成azacytidine 氮胞啶azoospermia 无精症azurocidin 蓝啶azurophil 嗜天青bacteria 细菌barren 不孕basonuclin 碱性核蛋白beclin 苄氯素benign 良性benzimidazoles 苯甲亚胺醇benzodiazapine 苯二氮benzoquinone 苯醌betacellulin 乙胞素betaglycan β聚糖betaine 甜菜碱bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐bile 胆bilirubin 胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素biogenesis 生物发生biosynthesis 生物合成biotin 生物素biotinidase 生物素酶biphosphatase 二磷酸酶bisphosphate 二磷酸bladder 膀胱blastocyst 胚泡bleomycin 博来霉素blepharophimosis 包茎bombesin 铃蟾肽botulinum 肉毒菌bovine 牛bowel 肠brachydactyly 短指brachyury 短尾类bradycardia 心动过缓bradykinin 缓激肽brain 脑brainstem 脑干breast 乳腺brefeldin 布雷菲德菌素brevican 短缩素bullous 大疱bundle 束buster 大体butyrate 丁酸butyrobetaine 丁内铵butyrophilin 嗜乳脂蛋白butyryl 丁酰butyrylcholinesterase 丁酰胆碱脂酶cache 缓冲cadherin 钙粘着蛋白cadmium 镉calbindin 钙结合蛋白calbrain 小脑calcidiol 钙二醇calcification 钙化calcineurin 钙调磷酸酶calcitonin 降血钙蛋白calcium 钙calcyclin 钙循环蛋白calcyphosine 钙磷蛋白caldesmon 钙调蛋白结合蛋白calgranulin 钙粒蛋白callosum 胼胝质callus 胼胝体calmegin 钙镁蛋白calmodulin 钙调蛋白calneuron 钙营养蛋白calnexin 钙联结蛋白calpactin 依钙结合蛋白calpain 钙蛋白酶calpastatin 钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白calreticulin 钙网蛋白calretinin 钙抑细胞蛋白calsenilin 钙衰蛋白calsequestrin 肌集钙蛋白calsyntenin 钙同线蛋白calvasculin 钙血管蛋白camello 山茶糖camptothecin 喜树碱cancer 癌candidiasis 念珠菌病cannabinoid 大麻成分capacitation 获能capillary 毛细管capping 戴帽capsid 衣壳carbamazepine 立痛定carbamoyl 氨基甲酰carbamoyltransferase氨甲酰转移酶carbinolamine 甲醇胺carbohydrate 糖carbonate 碳酸carbonyl 羰基carboxamide 羧胺carboxy 羧基carboxyglutamate 羧谷氨酸carboxykinase 羧激酶carboxyl 羧基carboxylase 羧化酶carboxylate 羧酸carboxylating 羧化carboxylation 羧化carboxylesterase 羧酸酯酶carboxylic 羧carboxypeptidase 羧肽酶carboxytransferase 羧基转移酶carcinoid 类癌瘤carcinoma 癌cardioblast 成心肌细胞cardiomyopathy 心肌病cardioskeletal 心骨cardiotrophin 心肌营养蛋白cardiovascular 心血管cargo 笼carnitine 肉碱carnosine 肌肽carotene 胡萝卜素carotenoid 类胡萝卜素carpal 腕骨carrier 载体cartilage 软骨cascade 级联casein 酪蛋白caseinolytic 酪蛋白水解caspase 胱冬酶castor 海狸香catabolism 分解代谢catabolite 代谢副产物catagen 生长中期catalase 过氧化氢酶cataract 白内障catecholamine 儿茶酚胺catenin 连环蛋白cathepsin 组织蛋白酶cation 阳离子cationic 阳离子caudal 尾部caveolae 穴样内陷caytaxin 礁毒蛋白cell 细胞cellubrevin 缩纤蛋白centaurin 矢车菊苷蛋白centractin 中心体肌动蛋白centrin 氨戊酰胺centriole 中心体centromere 着丝粒centrosome 中心体cephalopolysyndactyly端部多发性并指ceramidase 神经酰胺酶ceramide 神经酰胺cerberus Cerberuscerebellin 小脑肽cereblon 小脑cerebroglycan 脑糖cerebroside 脑苷脂ceruloplasmin 血浆铜蓝蛋白chaperone 伴侣蛋白checkpoint 检控点chelate 螯合物chemoattractant 化学引诱物chemokine 趋化因子chemosensory 化学感应chemotaxin 趋化因子chemotaxis 趋化性chemotherapy 化学疗法chimerin 嵌合蛋白chitin 几丁质chitinase 几丁质酶chitobiase 壳二糖酶chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol 壳二糖二磷酸长醇chitotriosidase 壳三糖酶chlordecone 十氯酮chloride 氯化物chloroallyl 氯丙烯cholangitis 胆管炎cholate 胆酸cholecystokinin 缩胆囊肽cholestanetriol 甘油胆甾醇cholesterol 胆固醇choline 胆碱cholinephosphotransferase 胆碱磷酸转移酶cholinesterase 胆碱脂酶choloyltransferase 胆酸转移酶chondroadherin 软骨蛋白chondrocyte 软骨细胞chondrodysplasia 软骨发育不全第2页，共12页chondroitin 软骨蛋白chondrolectin 软骨凝集蛋白chondrosarcoma 软骨瘤chordin 腱蛋白chorea 舞蹈病choriogonadotropin 绒膜促性腺素chorionic 绒膜chorioretinal 脉络膜视网膜choroid 脉络膜chromatid 染色单体chromatin 染色质chromogranin 嗜铬粒蛋白chromophore 生色团chromosome 染色体chylomicron 乳糜微粒chymase 糜酶chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen 胰凝乳蛋白酶原chymotryptic 糜蛋白酶cilium 纤毛cingulin 扣带蛋白circadian 生理节律cirrhosis 肝硬化cisplatin 顺铂citrate 柠檬酸citrin 维生素Pclathrin 网格蛋白clone 克隆closure 闭合clusterin 成簇蛋白coactivator 辅激活蛋白coactosin 毛状蛋白cobalamin 钴胺素cobalt 钴cocaine 可卡因codon 密码子coenzyme 辅酶cofactor 辅因子cohesin 凝集蛋白cohesion 凝集蛋白cointegrator 辅整合素colipase 辅脂肪酶colitis 结肠炎collagen 胶原collagenase 胶原酶colon 结肠colony 集落complement 补体complementation 互补compound 化合物condensin 凝集蛋白conglutinin 粘附蛋白conjugase 络合酶connexin 连接蛋白connexon 连接因子convertase 转化酶convulsion 抽搐coproporphyrinogen 辅前卟啉原copulation 性交coreceptor 辅助受体corepressor 协阻抑因子cornea 角膜corneodesmosin 角膜锁链蛋白corneoretinal 角膜视网膜corneum 角质层cornifelin 角化蛋白coronin 冠蛋白cortactin 皮肌动蛋白cortex 皮质cortexin 皮质素corticostatin 皮质醇稳定蛋白corticosterone 皮质酮corticotrophin 促肾上腺皮质素corticotropin 促肾上腺皮质素cortisone 可的松cortistatin 皮质醇稳定蛋白costamere 肋cotransporter 协同转运蛋白coumarin 香豆素coxa 髋creatine 肌酸crista 嵴crystallin 晶状体蛋白cutanea 皮肤病cuticle 角质膜cutis 皮肤cyanate 氰酸cyclase 环化酶cyclin 周期蛋白cyclodeaminase 环脱胺酶cyclohydrolase 环化水解酶cyclooxygenase 环氧酶cyclophilin 亲环蛋白cyclosporin 环孢菌素cyclotransferase 环转移酶cylindromatosis 圆柱瘤cystathionase 胱胺醚酶cystathionine 胱硫醚cystatin 半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子cysteine 半胱氨酸cystine 胱氨酸cystinosis 胱氨酸贮积症cysts 包囊cytidine 胞苷cytidylate 胞苷酸cytidylyltransferase 胞苷酸转移酶cytochrome 细胞色素cytoglobin 细胞球蛋白cytohesin 细胞附着蛋白cytokeratin 细胞角蛋白cytokine 细胞因子cytokinesis 胞质分裂cytolysis 细胞溶解cytoplasm 细胞质cytosine 胞嘧啶cytoskeleton 细胞骨架cytotoxicity 细胞毒性deacetylase 脱乙酰酶deacetylase 脱乙酰酶deacetylation 脱乙酰化deacetylation 脱乙酰化deacylase 脱酰酶deacylase 脱酰酶deadenylation 脱腺苷化deadenylation 脱腺苷化deafness 耳聋deafness 耳聋dealkylation 脱烷基化dealkylation 脱烷基化deaminase 脱氨酶deaminase 脱氨酶decaprenyl 十异戊二烯decaprenyl 十异戊二烯decarboxylase 脱羧酶decarboxylase 脱羧酶decorin 核心蛋白聚糖decorin 核心蛋白聚糖defensin 防卫蛋白defensin 防卫蛋白deferens 传输蛋白deferens 传输蛋白deformity 变形deformity 变形deformylase 去甲酰酶deformylase 去甲酰酶degeneration 退化degeneration 退化degenerin 退化蛋白degenerin 退化蛋白deglycosylation 去糖基化deglycosylation 去糖基化degradation 降解degradation 降解degranulation 细胞脱粒degranulation 细胞脱粒dehalogenase 脱卤酶dehalogenase 脱卤酶dehydratase 脱水酶dehydratase 脱水酶dehydrocholesterol 脱氢胆固醇dehydrocholesterol 脱氢胆固醇dehydrodolichyl 脱氢长醇dehydrodolichyl 脱氢长醇dehydroepiandrosterone脱氢表雄酮dehydroepiandrosterone脱氢表雄酮dehydrogenase 脱氢酶dehydrogenase 脱氢酶dehydrosphinganine 脱氢鞘氨酸dehydrosphinganine 脱氢鞘氨酸deiminase 脱亚氨酶deiminase 脱亚氨酶deiodinase 脱碘酶deiodinase 脱碘酶dementia 痴呆dementia 痴呆demethylase 脱甲基酶demethylation 脱甲基化dendrite 树突dentin 齿质dentinogenesis 齿质形成deoxycytidine 脱氧胞苷deoxyguanosine 脱氧鸟苷deoxyhypusine 脱氧辅蛋白deoxynucleotide 脱氧核苷酸deoxynucleotidyltransferase 脱氧核苷酸转移酶deoxyribonuclease DNA酶deoxyribonucleoside 脱氧核苷deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核苷酸deoxyribose 脱氧核糖deoxythymidylate 脱氧胸苷酸dephosphorylation 去磷酸化depletion 排除depolymerization 解聚depression 抑郁症derivative 衍生物dermatan 皮层dermatitis 皮炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎dermatopontin 皮连蛋白dermcidin 皮离蛋白dermcidin 皮离蛋白diazepam 安定diazepam 安定diencephalon 间脑diencephalon 间脑dienoyl 二烯酰dienoyl 二烯酰diester 二酯diester 二酯differentiation 分化differentiation 分化digestion 消化digestion 消化dihydrobenzene 二氢苯dihydrobenzene 二氢苯dihydrobiopterin 二氢生物蝶呤dihydrodiol 二氢二醇dihydrodipicolinate 二氢甲基吡啶酸dihydrofolate 二氢叶酸dihydroguanine 二氢鸟嘌呤dihydrolipoamide 二氢硫辛酰胺dihydrolipoyl 二氢脂dihydrolipoyllysine 二氢脂赖氨酸dihydroorotase 二氢乳清酸酶dihydroorotate 二氢乳清酸dihydropteridine 二氢蝶啶dihydropteroate 二氢蝶酸dihydropyridine 二氢吡啶dihydropyrimidinase 二氢嘧啶酶dihydropyrimidine 二氢嘧啶dihydroretinol 二氢视黄醇dihydrotestosterone 二氢睾酮dihydrouridine 二氢尿苷dihydroxyacetone 二羟丙酮dihydroxyadenine 二羟腺嘌呤dihydroxyvitamin 二羟维生素dilution 稀释dimethyladenosine 二甲基腺苷第3页，共12页dimethylallyltranstransfer ase 二甲细丙基转移酶dimethylaminohydrolase 二甲胺水解酶dimethylaminohydrolase 二甲胺水解酶dimethylaniline 二甲苯胺dimethylaniline 二甲苯胺dimethylargininase 二甲精氨酸酶dimethylargininase 二甲精氨酸酶dimethylarginine 二甲基精氨酸dimethylarginine 二甲基精氨酸dimethylglycine 二甲甘氨酸dimethylglycine 二甲甘氨酸dimethyltransferase 二甲基转移酶dimethyltransferase 二甲基转移酶diolein 甘油二油酸酯diolein 甘油二油酸酯dioxide 二氧化物dioxide 二氧化物dioxygenase 双加氧酶dioxygenase 双加氧酶dipeptidase 二肽酶dipeptidase 二肽酶dipeptide 二肽dipeptide 二肽dipeptidylpeptidase 二肽酰肽酶dipeptidylpeptidase 二肽酰肽酶diphosphatase 二磷酸酶diphosphatase 二磷酸酶diphosphate 二磷酸diphosphate 二磷酸diphosphohydrolase 二磷酸水解酶diphosphohydrolase 二磷酸水解酶diphosphoinositol 二磷酸肌醇diphosphoinositol 二磷酸肌醇diphosphokinase 二磷酸激酶diphosphokinase 二磷酸激酶diphosphomevalonate 二磷酸甲羟戊酸diphosphomevalonate 二磷酸甲羟戊酸diphosphooligosaccharid e 二磷酸寡糖diphosphooligosaccharid e 二磷酸寡糖diphosphorylase 二硫酸酶diphosphorylase 二硫酸酶diphthamide 白喉酰胺diphthamide 白喉酰胺diphthine 白喉素diphthine 白喉素disaccharide 二糖disaccharide 二糖ecdysoneless 无蜕化蛋白echinoderm 棘皮类eclampsia 子癫症ectoderm 外胚层ectodermal 外胚层ectodomain 胞外域ectodysplasin 外异蛋白ectoplasm 胞外基质ectrodactyly 先天性缺指趾畸形eczema 湿疹elastase 弹性蛋白酶elasticity 弹性elastin 弹性蛋白elfin 矮人elliptocytosis 椭圆红细胞增多症elongation 延伸elongin 延伸因子embryo 胚embryotoxon 胎毒素enamelin 珐琅质enamelysin 烯胺素encephalomyopathy 脑肌病encephalopathy 脑病变encephalopsin 器质性脑病蛋白endocrine 内分泌endocytosis 胞吞endodeoxyribonucleaseDNA内切酶endoderm 内胚层endomembrane 内膜endometrioid 子宫内膜endonexin 内联蛋白endonuclease 内切核酸酶endopeptidase 内肽酶endoperoxide 内过氧化物endoribonuclease 内切核糖核酸酶endosialin 内涎蛋白endosome 内体endosulfine 内磺肽endothelin 内皮素enkephalinase 脑啡肽酶enolase 烯醇化酶enoyl 烯酰enterokinase 肠激酶enteropathy 肠疾病enteropeptidase 肠肽酶enterotoxin 肠毒素enucleate 去细胞核envelope 包膜enzyme 酶eomesodermin 脱中胚蛋白eosinophilia 嗜伊红粒细胞增多症eosinophils 嗜伊红粒细胞ependymin 室管膜蛋白ephrin 蝶素epicanthus 赘皮epidermis 表皮epidermolysis 表皮松解epilepsy 癫痫epimerase 差向异构酶epiregulin 外调蛋白epithelium 上皮细胞epitope 抗原决定部位epoxidase 环氧酶epoxide 环氧化物epoxygenase 环氧化酶eppin 细粒蛋白ergosterol 麦角固醇erythema 红斑erythroblast 成红细胞erythroblastosis 骨髓成红细胞增多症erythrocyte 红细胞erythroderma 红皮症erythroid 网织红细胞erythropoietin 促红细胞生成素ester 酯esterase 酯酶esterification 酯化estradiol 雌二醇estrogen 雌激素estrone 雌酮ethanol 乙醇ethanolamine 乙醇胺ethanolaminephosphotransferase 乙醇胺磷酸转移酶ethylmaleimide 乙马来酰亚胺ethylmalonic 乙基丙二酸etoposide 鬼臼亚乙苷euchromatin 常染色质exacerbation 恶化excision 切除excretion 排泄exocrine 外分泌exocyst 泡外exocytosis 胞吐exodeoxyribonucleaseDNA外切酶exon 外显子exonuclease 外切核酸酶exopeptidase 外肽酶exoribonuclease RNA外切酶exosome 外切体exostoses 外生骨疣farnesylation 法呢酰化farnesyltransferase 法呢酰转移酶febrile 热病female 雌性feminization 女性化ferredoxin 铁氧还蛋白ferrochelatase 铁螯合酶ferroxidase 铁氧化酶fertilization 受精fetoprotein 胎蛋白fetuin 胎球蛋白fibrillarin 核仁纤维蛋白fibrillation 纤维性颤动fibrillin 原纤蛋白fibrinogen 血纤蛋白原fibrinolysis 纤溶fibroblast 成纤维细胞fibroblastoma 成纤维细胞瘤fibroelastosis 纤维弹性组织增生fibroglycan 纤维聚糖fibromodulin 纤调蛋白fibronectin 纤连蛋白fibrosarcoma 纤维肉瘤fibrosin 纤维化蛋白fibrosis 纤维化fibulin 腓骨蛋白ficolin 无花果酶filaggrin 丝聚蛋白filopodium 丝足flagellum 鞭毛flap 皮瓣flavimaculatus 黄素斑flavin 黄素flavodoxin 黄素氧还蛋白flavoprotein 黄素蛋白fodrin 胞衬蛋白folate 叶酸follicle 滤泡follicularis 卵泡病变folliculin 卵巢滤泡激素follistatin 滤泡稳定蛋白folylpolyglutamate 叶酸多聚谷氨酸forebrain 前脑formaldehyde 甲醛formate 甲酸formimidoyltetrahydrofolate 亚甲胺四氢叶酸formimidoyltransferase亚甲胺转移酶formiminotransferase 亚胺甲基转移酶formyl 甲酸基formylglutathione 甲酰谷胱甘肽formyltetrahydrofolate甲酰四氢叶酸formyltransferase 甲酰转移酶fractalkine 曲动蛋白fragility 脆性fructokinase 果糖激酶fructosamine 果糖胺fructose 果糖fructoselysine 果糖赖氨酸fucokinase 岩藻糖激酶fucose 岩藻糖fucosidase 岩藻糖苷酶fucosylgalactoside 岩藻糖半乳糖苷fucosyltransferase 岩藻糖转移酶fumarate 延胡索酸fumarylacetoacetase 延胡索二酰乙酰乙酸酶fumarylacetoacetate 延胡索二酰乙酰乙酸fundus 眼底fungi 真菌furin 弗林蛋白酶furry 毛皮fusion 融合gastrotropin 胃调理蛋白gastrulation 原肠胚形成gelatinase 白明胶酶gelsolin 凝溶胶蛋白geminin 联会蛋白genitalia 生殖器genome 基因组gephyrin 桥尾蛋白geranylgeranyl 香叶酰香叶酰geranylgeranylation 香叶酰香叶酰化geranylgeranyltransferase 香叶烯基转移酶geranyltranstransferase第4页，共12页香叶醇转移酶germline 生殖细胞系gibbon 长臂猿girdle 带gland 腺体glaucoma 绿内障glia 胶质glioblastoma 成胶质细胞瘤glioma 神经胶质瘤gliomedin 神经胶质蛋白globin 珠蛋白globoside 红细胞糖苷globotriaosylceramide球形三酰神经酰胺glomerulonephritis 肾小球性肾炎glomerulosclerosis 肾小球硬化症glomulin 肾小球蛋白glucagon 胰高血糖素glucan 葡聚糖glucanohydrolase 葡聚糖水解酶glucanotransferase 葡聚糖转移酶glucoamylase 葡糖淀粉酶glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素glucokinase 葡糖激酶gluconeogenesis 糖异生glucosamine 葡糖胺glucosaminyltransferase 葡糖胺转移酶glucose 葡萄糖glucosephosphate 葡糖磷酸glucosidase 葡糖苷酶glucosuria 糖尿glucosylceramidase 葡糖神经酰胺酶glucosylceramide 葡糖神经酰胺glucosyltransferase 葡糖转移酶glucuronate 葡糖醛酸glucuronidase 葡糖醛酸酶glucuronide 葡糖苷酸glucuronosyltransferase 葡糖醛酸基转移酶glucuronyl 葡糖醛酸基glucuronylgalactosylprot eoglycan 葡糖醛酸半乳糖蛋白聚糖glucuronyltransferase 葡糖醛转移酶glutamate 谷氨酸glutaminase 谷氨酰胺酶glutamine 谷氨酰胺glutamylcyclotransferase 谷氨酰环化转移酶glutamylcysteine 谷氨酰半胱氨酸glutamyltransferase 谷氨酰转移酶glutamyltranspeptidase 谷氨酰转肽酶glutarate 戊二酸glutaredoxin 谷氧还蛋白glutathione 谷胱甘肽glutatmate 谷氨酸glycan 聚糖glycanase 糖苷酶glyceraldehyde 甘油醛glycerate 甘油酸glycerone 甘油glyceronephosphate 甘油磷酸glycerophosphodiester甘油磷酸二酯glycerophospholipid 甘油磷酸脂glycine 甘氨酸glycogen 糖原glycogenin 肝糖glycogenosis 糖原贮积病glycohydrolase 甘油水解酶glycolate 乙醇酸glycolicaciduria 乙醇酸尿症glycolipid 糖脂glycolysis 糖酵解glycophorin 血型糖蛋白glycoprotein 糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan 糖胺聚糖glycosphingolipid 鞘糖脂glycosylase 糖基化酶glycosylation 糖基化glycosylceramidase 甘油神经酰胺酶glycosylphosphatidylinositol 甘油磷酸肌醇glycosyltransferase 糖基转移酶glycylpeptide 甘氨酰肽glyoxalase 乙二醛酶glyoxylate 乙醛酸glypican 磷脂酰肌醇聚糖golgin 高尔基体蛋白gonad 性腺gonadotropin 促性腺素gout 痛风granulin 颗粒体蛋白granulocyte 粒细胞granulomatosis 肉芽肿病granulysin 粒溶蛋白granzyme 粒酶gravis 妊娠guanidinoacetate 胍基乙酸guanine 鸟嘌呤guanosine 鸟苷guanylate 鸟苷酸guanylin 脒蛋白guanylyltransferase 尿苷转移酶gut 内脏gynecomastia 男性乳房女性化gyrata 旋纹gyratum 旋转体haptoglobin 触珠蛋白harlequin 花斑helicase 解旋酶helix 螺旋hematology 血液学hematopoiesis 造血hematopoietin 造血蛋白heme 血红素hemicentin 半椎蛋白hemidesmosome 半桥粒hemiplegia 偏瘫hemochromatosis 血色沉着症hemocyte 血细胞hemogen 造血蛋白hemoglobin 血红蛋白hemoglobinuria 血红蛋白尿症hemokinin 血红素激肽hemolysis 溶血hemopexin 血色素结合蛋白hemophilia 血友病hemopoiesis 造血hemoprotein 血红素蛋白hemorrhage 出血hemostasis 止血heparan 类肝素heparanase 肝素酶heparin 肝素hepatitis 肝炎hepatocellularcarcinoma肝细胞癌hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma 肝癌hepoxilin 肝氧蛋白hereditary 遗传性herpesvirus 疱疹病毒heterochromatin 异染色质heterodimer 异二聚体heteromerization 异聚化heterooligomerization 异寡聚化heteropia 发育异常heteroplasia 异生heterotaxy 层变位heterotetramerization 异四聚化heterotopia 脏器异位hexakisphosphate 己糖磷酸hexamer 六聚体hexaphosphate 六磷酸hexaprenyldihydroxybenzoate 已异戊二烯二羟安息香酸hexokinase 已糖激酶hexosaminidase 氨基己糖苷酶hexose 己糖hindbrain 后脑hip 髋hippocampus 海马histamine 组胺histatin 组胺素histidine 组氨酸histiocyte 组织细胞histiocytoma 组织细胞瘤histocompatibility 组织相容性histone 组蛋白holocarboxylase 羧化全酶holocytochrome 全细胞色素holoenzyme 全酶holoprosencephaly 前脑不分叶homeobox 同源框homeodomain 同源域homeoprotein 同源异型蛋白homeostasis 稳态homoaconitate 高乌头酸homocitrullinemia 高瓜氨酸血homocysteine 高半胱氨酸homocystinuria 高胱氨酸尿症homodimerization 同二聚homogentisate 尿黑酸homolog 同源物homology 同源性homooligomerization 同寡聚homotetramerization 同四聚homotrimer 同三聚体hormone 激素hornerin 角蛋白huntingtin 亨廷顿蛋白hyaline 透明质hyaluronan 透明质酸hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hyaluronoglucosaminidase 透明质酸葡糖胺酶hydantoin 乙内酰脲hydatidiform 水泡状hydratase 水合酶hydrocarbon 烃hydrocephalus 脑积水hydrogenase 氢化酶hydrolase 水解酶hydrolysis 水解hydroperoxidase 氢过氢化物酶hydroperoxide 氢过氧化物hydroxyacid 羟基酸hydroxyacyl 羟烷基hydroxyacylglutathione羟酰基谷胱甘肽hydroxyacylsphingosine羟乙酰鞘氨醇hydroxyanthranilate 羟氨苯甲酸hydroxyapatite 羟磷灰石hydroxybutyrate 羟基丁酸hydroxydehydrogenase羟基脱氢酶hydroxyglutarate 羟戊二酸hydroxyglutaric 羟谷氨酸hydroxyisobutyrate 羟基异丁酸hydroxylase 羟化酶hydroxylation 羟化hydroxymethyl 羟甲基hydroxymethylbilane 羟甲基胆素hydroxymethylglutaricaciduria 羟甲基戊二酸尿素hydroxymethylglutaryl羟甲基戊二酸hydroxymethyltransferase 羟甲基转移酶hydroxyperoxy 羟过氧化物hydroxyphenylpyruvate羟基苯丙酮酸第5页，共12页hydroxyprostaglandin 羟基前列腺素hydroxypyruvate 羟基丙酮酸hydroxysteroid 羟基类固醇hydroxytetrahydrobiopte rin 羟基四氢生物蝶呤hydroxytryptamine 羟色胺hyperammonemia 超氨hypercalcemia 高血钙hypercalciuria 高尿钙hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症hyperkeratosis 角化过多hyperleucine 亮氨酸过多hyperlipemia 高血脂hypermobility 运动过度hypermutation 高变hyperoxaluria 高草酸尿症hyperparathyroidism 副甲状腺功能亢进hyperphagia 饮食过多hyperphosphorylation过磷酸化hyperplasia 增生hyperpolarization 超极化hypersecretion 分泌过多hypersensitivity 过敏hyperstimulation 刺激过度hypertension 高血压hyperthermia 过热hyperthyroxinemia 高甲状腺素血症hypertrophy 肥大hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症hypervalinemia 高缬氨酸血症hyperzincemia 高血锌症hypoalbuminemia 低蛋白血症hypoargininemia 低精氨酸血症hypocalcemia 低血钙hypochondrogenesis 软骨发育不良hypocitrullinemia 低瓜氨酸血症hypocretin 低泌蛋白hypoglycemia 低血糖hypogonadism 性腺功能减退hypomaturation 欠成熟hypomyelinating 髓鞘形成不足hypoornithinemia 低鸟氨酸血症hypoperistalsis 蠕动不足hypophosphatemia 低血磷hypopigmentation 色素不足hypopituitarism 脑垂体功能减退症hypoplasia 发育不良hypoprolinemia 脯氨酸不足hyporesponsiveness 应答不足hypospadias 尿道下裂hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能不足hypoventilation 肺换气不足hypoxanthine 次黄嘌呤hypoxia 缺氧hypusine 尾下素ichthyin 鳞蛋白ichthyosis 鳞癣icosanoid 二十醛iduronate 汗酸iduronidase 汗酸酶ileal 肠阻塞immune 免疫immunodeficiency 免疫缺陷immunoglobin 免疫球蛋白immunoreceptor 免疫受体implantation 植入inactivation 抑制inactivator 抑制因子indoleamine 吲哚胺indolethylamine 吲哚乙胺induction 引导infantile 婴儿期infarction 梗塞infection 感染infertility 不育inflammatory 炎症influenzae 流感inhibition 抑制inhibitor 抑制因子initiation 启动inosine 次黄苷inositol 肌醇insemination 受精insensitivity 不敏感insertion 插入insomnia 失眠instability 不稳定insufficiency 不足insulin 胰岛素insulinoma 胰岛瘤integrase 整合酶integration 整合integrin 整联蛋白intein 介素intelectin 内凝集蛋白interfacer 界面因子interferon 干扰素interleukin 白细胞介素internexin 互联蛋白interphase 分裂间期intersectin 交叉intersex 雌雄间性intestine 肠intolerance 不耐受intramembrane 内膜intron 内含子invasion 侵入inversus 逆向involucrin 苞蛋白iodide 碘化物iodothyronine 碘甲腺原氨酸iris 虹膜islet 胰岛isoacceptor 同功受体isoamylase 异淀粉酶isoaspartate 异天冬氨酸isochorismatase 异解酶isocitrate 异柠檬酸isoenzyme 同工酶isoform 同工型isoglobotriaosylceramide异球形三酰神经酰胺isoleucine 异亮氨酸isoleucinemia 异亮氨酸血症isomaltase 异麦芽糖酶isomerase 异构酶isopentenyltransferase异戊基转移酶isopeptidase 异肽酶isoprenoid 类异戊二烯isoprenylcysteine 异戊烯半胱氨酸isosthenuria 等渗尿isotype 同型isovaleryl 异戊酰isoxazole 异唑isozyme 同工酶itchy 痒jaw 颚junction 连接junctophilin 亲联蛋白juvenile 幼年kainate 红藻氨酸kalirin 钾蛋白kallikrein 激肽释放酶karyopherin 核质蛋白katanin 剑蛋白keratin 角蛋白keratinization 角质化keratinocyte 角化细胞keratitis 角膜炎keratocan 角膜蛋白keratoderma 角皮病keratosis 角化症keto 酮ketoacid 酮酸ketoacyl 酮乙基ketobutyrate 酮丁酸ketoglutarate 酮戊二酸ketohexokinase 已酮糖激酶ketosteroid 酮类固醇ketothiolase 酮硫酶kidney 肾kinase 激酶kinectin 动联蛋白kinesin 驱动蛋白kinetochore 动粒kininogen 激肽原knot 结kyneurenine 犬尿氨酸kynureninase 犬尿氨酸酶kynurenine 犬尿氨酸kyphoscoliosis 脊柱后侧凸lacrimal 泪腺的lactalbumin 乳白蛋白lactamase 内酰胺酶lactase 乳糖酶lactate 乳酸lactation 泌乳lactogen 催乳素lactoperoxidase 乳过氧化物酶lactose 乳糖lactosylceramide 乳糖神经酰胺lactotransferrin 乳运铁蛋白lactoylglutathione 乳糖谷胱甘肽ladybird 瓢虫laevis 光滑的lamin 核纤层蛋白lamina 纤层laminin 层粘连蛋白langerin 胰岛蛋白lanosterol 羊毛固醇larvae 幼体latent 潜伏的latexin 胶乳素latrophilin 蛛毒素受体latrotoxin 蛛毒素layilin 排卵蛋白lecithin 卵磷脂lectin 凝集素legumain 豆荚蛋白leiomodin 平滑肌蛋白leiomyoma 平滑肌瘤leiomyomata 平滑肌瘤leishmanolysin 利什曼溶蛋白lens 晶状体lentis 晶状体leprecan 皮屑蛋白leptin 细蛋白leptomycin 轻肌蛋白lesion 损伤lethal 致死的leucine 亮氨酸leucines 亮氨酸leucyl 亮氨酰leukemia 白血病leukocystatin 白细胞蛋白leukocyte 白细胞leukodystrophy 脑白质营养不良leukoencephalopathy 白脑病leukosialin 增白细胞蛋白leukotriene 白三烯ligament 韧带ligand 配体ligase 连接酶ligatin 连接蛋白limb 肢limbin 肢蛋白limonene 柠檬油精lineage 系lip 唇lipase 脂肪酶lipid 脂类lipidation 脂化lipin 油脂lipoamide 硫辛酰胺lipoate 脂酸lipocalcin 脂钙蛋白lipocalin 脂钙蛋白lipodystrophy 脂肪代谢障碍lipofuscinosis 脂褐质沉积lipogranulomatosis 脂肉芽肿病lipolysis 脂分解lipoma 脂肪瘤lipopolysaccharide 脂多糖第6页，共12页。

arteriosclerosis动脉硬化artery动脉artery pickling注射盐水腌制法artery pumping注射盐水腌制法Arthrobacter节杆菌（属）Arthrobacter aminofaciena产氨基酸节杆菌arthrospore节孢子artichoke朝鲜蓟〔一种蔬菜〕；洋蓟（属）artichoke betony宾塔菜；甘露子artichoke whole hearts整装朝鲜蓟花盘罐头artificial①人工的；人造的；合成的②人造肠衣artificial ageing人工成熟；人工醇化artificial atmosphere空调；溫湿度空调artificial brandy配制白兰地（酒）artificial butter麦淇淋；人造奶油artificial colo (u)r合成色素artificial cream人造稀奶油artificial culture人工培养artificial honey配制蜂蜜artificial meat人造肉artificial organ人造器官artificial smoking人工熏制；液熏；无烟熏制artificial sweetener人工甜味料Artimino一种意大利产红葡萄酒aryl sulphatase芳（香）基硫酸枉费酶ASA［= American Soybean Association］美国大豆协会Asali非洲蜂蜜酒asari 日本缀绵蛤［Tapes japonica］asarinin细辛素asarone细辛脑asarum 细辛［Asurum uropeum］asarum oil细辛油〔增香剂〕asarylaldehyde细辛醛asarylic acid细辛酸asbest石棉ascaridol (e)驱蛔萜；1,4-过氧对萜烯ascarylose蛔糖；3,6-二脫氧l-甘露糖ascending chromatography上行色谱法；上行层析ascending paper partition上行纸分配（法）ascending-descending chromatograph升降色层分离法ascites脫水asclepain灌藦蛋白酶ascocarp子囊果ascogenous产子囊的ascogenous hypha产囊菌丝ascomycetes (fungus)子囊菌ascorbate抗坏血酸盐〔或酯〕；维生素Ｃ盐〔或酯〕ascorbate sodium抗坏血酸钠ascorbic acid抗环血酸；维生素Ｃascorbic (acid) oxidase抗坏血酸氧本酶ascorbigen抗坏血酸基ascorbin stearate抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯〔一种脂溶性酯，抗氧剂〕ascorbyl抗坏血酸基ascorbyl palmitate抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯〔面包抗氧剂〕ascorbyl stearate抗坏血酸硬脂酸酯〔抗氧剂〕ascosin杀子囊素〔一种由链霉菌分泌的真菌抑制剂〕ascospore子囊孢子ascosterol子囊甾醇ascus〔复数；aci〕子囊aselline鳕鱼毒；鳘鱼毒asepsis无菌（操作）；防腐法aseptic无菌的；防腐的；淨化的aseptic canning无菌装罐aseptic canning unit无菌装罐设备aseptic filling无菌灌装；无菌装瓶aseptic method无菌操作法aseptic package无菌包装aseptic paper消毒纸；无菌纸aseptic tank防腐桶aseptically drawn milk无菌乳asepticise使无菌；防腐；消毒ash灰分；含灰量ash cake用热灰焙制的玉米饼ash rate灰分比ash-free无灰的ash-free filter无灰滤纸；定量滤纸ashing灰化ashless dispersant无灰分散剂ashless filter无灰滤纸ashtray烟灰缸Asiago cheese阿齐亚戈干酪〔原产意大利〕Asian pear沙梨；中国亚洲梨Asian pigeonwings蓝花豆［Clitoria ternata］asiatic currant 细枝茶藨子［Rubes tenue］asiatic ginseng 人参［Panax schinseng］Asn［= aspsragine］天冬酰胺Asohos 鱚（科）［Sillaginidae］Asp［= aspartic acid］天（门）冬氨酸Asp［= Aspergillus］曲霉asparacemic acid消旋天冬氨酶asparaginase天冬酰胺asparaginate天冬酰胺asparagine［Asn］天冬酰胺asparaginic acid天（门）冬氨酸asparaginyl天冬酰胺酰（基）asparagus 芦筍；石刁柏［Asparagus officinalis］asparagus bean长豇豆asparagus broccoli 花茎甘蓝［Brassica oleracea var.italica］asparagus (garden)lettuce 莴苣筍［Lactuca sativa var.asparagina］asparagus pea豌豆菌asparanide天冬酰胺aspartase天冬氨酸酶aspartate天冬氨酸盐〔或酯〕aspartate carbamyl transferase天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶aspartic acid［Asp］天（门）冬氨酸aspartic transaminase天冬氨酸氨基转移酶aspartokinase天冬氨酸激酶l-aspartyl-l-phenylalaninie methyl ester天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯〔甜味剂，比蔗糖甜100～200倍〕aspartylphosphate天冬氨酰碘酸aspen peavine 白花山薰豆［Lathyrus leucanthus］aspergillic acid曲霉酸aspergillin曲霉素；笰菌素aspergillosis曲霉病Aspergillus曲霉；笰状菌Aspergillus amstelodami灰绿曲霉Aspergillus aureus金黃曲霉Aspergillus awamori泡盛曲霉Aspergillus batatae甘薯曲霉Aspergillus candidus（亮）白曲霉Aspergillus carbonaricus碳色曲霉Aspergillus flavus黃曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus烟曲霉Aspergillus glaucus淡绿曲霉Aspergillus itaconicus分解甲叉丁二酸〔或乌头酸〕曲霉Aspergillus luchuersis溜球曲霉Aspergillus niger黑曲霉Aspergillus ochraceus棕曲霉〔咖啡豆发酵霉〕Aspergillus oryzae米曲霉Aspergillus proteinase曲霉蛋白酶Aspergillus sojae酱油曲霉Aspergillus tamarii溜曲霉Aspergillus terreus土曲霉Aspergillus terricola楼土曲霉Aspergillus usamii宇佐美曲霉Aspergillus wentii文氏曲霉aspermous无籽的；无核的aspermous orange无核橘aspermous watermelon无籽西瓜aspertoxin曲霉毒素asphyxia窒息aspic ①肉〔或鱼〕冻②胶质点心③薰衣草［Lavandula spica］aspic jelly一种增香果冻②冷盆用花饰果冻aspic oil薰衣草油〔增香剂〕aspiration吸气；吸入aspirator吸气器；抽气器asporagenic; asporogenous元孢子的；不生孢子的asporous无芽孢的asporulate不产芽孢的ass milk驴奶assam tea 普洱茶［Thea cochinchinensis］assanation卫生法assay①测定；检定；分析②试样assembly装置；集合；部件asse’s milk母乳化牛奶assessor鉴定器；鉴定管assimilable可同化的assimilable nitrogen可同化氮assimilate同化物assimilation同化（作用）；吸收（作用）assimilation starch同化淀粉associate strain（芳香菌和乳酸菌的）混合菌种association①缔合（作用）②协会；集团assort分类；分级assorted biscuits什锦饼干assorted fried noodle什锦炒面assorted fruits什锦水果（罐头）assorted jams什锦果酱assorted pickle什锦酱菜assorted vegetable什锦蔬菜assorted size混合尺寸；混杂大小assorting cylinder分级圆筒节；滾筒式分级机；选种机assortment花色品种；种类；分类astacen (e)虾红素astacin (e)虾红素astacus 河虾［Astacus］astatic不稳定的astatism无定向性astaxanthin还原虾红素〔一种类胡萝卜色素，存在于粉红色鲑鱼肉等中〕Astell butyrometer肉类脂肪测定仪asterin菊色素；紫菀苷〔花色素〕asterotoxin海星毒素astigmatism散光ASTM［= American Society for Testing and Material］美国材料试验协会Astoria seamer阿斯托里亚式（全自动）封罐机Astragalus sinicus〈拉〉紫云英astral星形的astriction收敛（作用）；发涩味astringency①收敛性②涩味③■厲astringent①收敛性的；涩的②收敛剂；涩剂astringent substance收敛剂；收敛性物质astringent taste涩味astrocyte星形细胞asymmetric不对称的asymmetrical peak不对称峰asymmetry不对称（现象）asymptotic value渐近植at.［=atmosphere］大气压atactic polymer无规（立构）聚合物atarama拌鱼子atavism隔代遗传；返视现象ATCC［= America Type Culture Collection］美国标准菌库athera芒atherine 胡瓜鱼［Osmerus eperlanus］athermanous绝热的；不透热的Atholl Brose一种混合饮料〔在威士忌中加入牛乳和蜂蜜制成的饮料〕at (h)repsia营养不良at (h)repsy营养不良atka fish单鳍多线鱼atka mackerel 多斑鱼；远东多线鱼［Pleurogrammus azonus］atlagellar aflagellate无鞭毛的atlantic blueberry 大西洋越橘［Vaccinium atlanticum］Atlantic bonito （大西洋）狐鲣［Sarda sarda］Atlantic capelin 毛鳞鱼［Mallotus villosus］Atlantic cod 大西洋鳕［Gadus morhua］Atlantic croaker 细须石首鱼［Micropogon undulatus］Atlantic hagfish 盲鳗［Myxine glutinosa］Atlantic hake 无须鳕［Merlucclus merluccius］Atlantic halibut大西洋庸鲽［Hippoglossus hippoglossus］Atlantic herring 大西洋鯡［Clupea harengus］Atlantic isopyrum大西洋人字果［Isopyrum biternum］Atlantic macherel 鲭（鱼）［Scomber scombrus］Atlantic oyster大西洋牡蛎atlantic pigeonwings 蝶豆［Clitoria mariana］atlantic salmon （大西洋）鲑［Salmo salar］atlantic sardine （大西洋）沙丁鱼［Sardina pilhardus］atlantic aturgeon（大西洋）鲟鱼［Acipenser oxyrhynchus］Atlantic tomcod大西洋小鳕［Microgadus tomcod］atlapulgite活性白土atlas (bone)第一（节）颈椎（骨）atm.［= atmosphere］大气压atmoseal气封（法）atmosphere大气（压）atmospheric大气的；常压的atmospheric condenser喷淋（水）冷凝器atmospheric cooking常压蒸煮；常压杀菌atmospheric drying风干；晾干；晒干atmospheric humidity大气湿度atmospheric pressure（大）气压atmospheric roller milk滾筒干燥的奶粉atmospheric temperature气溫atmospheric valve放空阀atmospherical control气体控制保藏法atoleine液体石蜡atolin液体石蜡atomic原子的atomic absorption detector原子吸收检测器atomic absorption spectroscopy原子吸收光谱（仪）。

（完整版）生物化学专业英语单词单词表第一章Prokaryote 原核生物Eukaryote 真核生物fractionation 分级、分馏biomolecule 生物分子organism 生物体、有机体membrane 膜nucleus 细胞核cocci 球菌bacilli 杆菌spirilla 螺旋菌Eubacteria 真细菌Archaebacteria 原细菌Gram-positive 革兰氏阳性菌Gram negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Cyanobacteria 蓝细菌Plasma 细胞浆Mesosome 间体Nuleoid 拟核Sytosol 细胞质、原生质Bilayer 双分子层（膜）Protein 蛋白质Lipid 脂类Carbohydrate 糖类、碳水化合物osmotic pressure 渗透压Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Subcellular 亚细胞的Ganelle 细胞器Genetic 遗传的Chromosome 染色体ribosomal ribonucleic acid rRNA Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Phospholipid 磷脂Detoxification 解毒Golgi apparatus 高尔基体Refresh 更新Mitochondria 线粒体oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化fatty acid 脂肪酸degradation 降解Chloroplasts 叶绿体thylakoid vesicles 类囊体photosynthesis 光合作用Lysosomes 溶酶体Macromolecule 大分子Enzyme 酶Cytoskeleton 细胞支架Metabolic 新陈代谢的Centrifugation 离心Isolate 分离Equilibrium 平衡Density 密度Friction 摩擦力Velocity 速率Supernatant 上清夜Pellet 沉淀第二章Amino acid 氨基酸Enantiomers 对映体T etrahedral 正四面体的Hydrophobic 疏水的、憎水的Aliphatic 脂肪族的Aromatic 芳香族的Polar 极性的Charged 带电荷的Glycine Gly,甘氨酸alanine Ala,丙氨酸valine Val,缬氨酸leucine Leu,亮氨酸isoleucine Ile,异亮氨酸methionine Met,甲硫氨酸proline Pro,脯氨酸cystine Cys,半胱氨酸Phenylalanine Phe,苯丙氨酸Tyrosine Tyr,酪氨酸Tryptophan Trp,色氨酸Asparagines Asn, 天冬酰胺Glutamine Gln,谷氨酰胺Serine Ser,丝氨酸Threonine Thr,苏氨酸Varginine Arg, 精氨酸Lysine Lys,赖氨酸Histidine His,组氨酸aspartic acid Asp,天冬氨酸glutamic acid Glu,谷氨酸base 碱carboxyl 羧基isoelectric point 等电点positive 正的、阳性的negative 负的、阴性的buffering 缓冲physiological 生理的Primary structure 一级结构Secondary structure 二级结构Tertiary structure 三级结构Quaternary structure 四级结构peptide bond 肽键sequence 顺序、序列covalent Bond 共价键polypeptide 多肽terminal 末端carbonyl 羰基resonance structures 共振结构rigid 刚性的rotate 旋转trans configuration 顺式构象disulfide bonds 二硫键α-helix α-落选hydrogen bond 氢键β-pleated sheet β-折叠片parallel 平行的antiparallel 反平行的random coil 无规卷曲unique 唯一的spatial 空间的arrangement 排列、安排linear sequence 线性序列residue 残基Hydrophobic interaction疏水相互作用Interior 内部的Electrostatic force 静电力salt bridge 盐桥、盐键van der Waals force 范德华力subunit 亚基allosteric effect 变构效应Noncovalent interactions 非共价相互作用protein stability 蛋白质的稳定dimensional 空间的、维的proton 质子donor 供体、赠与者lone pair of electrons 孤对电子collinear 在同一直线上Hydrophobic force 疏水力Nonpolar 非极性Minimize 最小化protein folding 蛋白质折叠Accessory protein 辅助蛋白质molecular chaperones 分子伴侣Myoglobin 肌红蛋白Hemoglobin 血红蛋白prosthetic group 辅基essential 必需的heme 血红素crevice 缝隙protoporphyrin 原卟啉porphyrin 卟啉ferrous 含铁的proximal 最接近的cooperative 协同的noncooperative 非协同的dissociation curve 解离曲线sigmoidal S形曲线hyperbolic 双曲线affinity 亲和性blood capillaries 血管Bohr effect 波尔效应2,3-biphosphoglycerate 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸Mechanism 机制Relaxed state 松弛状态tense state 紧张状态hemoglobinopathies 血红蛋白分子病Sickle-cell anemia 镰刀形细胞贫血症Erythrocyte 红血球sticky patch 粘性小区therapeutic 治疗的Collagen 胶原蛋白Skin 皮肤Bone 骨骼Tendon 腱Cartilage 软骨blood vessel 血管mammal 哺乳动物fibrous 纤维状的tripeptide 三肽的triple-helical 三股螺旋的cross-linke 交联Allysine 醛基赖氨酸Antibodie 抗体immune system 免疫系统pathogen 病原体trigger 引发、触发response 响应、应答antigen 抗原antigenic determine 抗原决定簇epitope 抗原决定簇Immunolocalization 免疫定位Antibody 抗体Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISA酶联免疫吸附测定purification 提纯、纯化Homogenization 匀浆solubilization 溶解Ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵Precipitation 沉淀Dialysis 透析Chromatographic techniques 层析技术gel filtration 凝胶过滤affinity chromatography 亲和层析Electrophoretic techniques 电泳技术isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦SDS polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresisSDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳semi-permeable 半透性ligand 配基inert 惰性的matrix 基质elute 洗出、流出lectin 外源凝集素glycoprotein 糖蛋白molecular sieve 分子筛polyampholytes 聚两性电解质gradient 梯度migrate 迁移、移动chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶sequencing 测序2-mercaptoethanol ２－巯基乙醇ninhydrin 茚三酮fluorescamine 荧光胺fluorodinitrobenzene 二硝基氟苯dansyl chloride 丹磺酰氯phenyl isothiocyanate PITC苯异硫氰酸酯fragment 片断、碎片encoding 编码decipher 解读、破译anchor 锚定第三章biocatalyst 生物催化剂active site 活性中心substrate 底物The induced –fit model 诱导契合学说Stereospecificity 立体异构专一性Specificity 专一性Trypsin 胰蛋白酶Elastase 弹性蛋白酶Oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶Transferase 转移酶Hydrolase 水解酶Lyase 裂合酶Isomerase 异构酶Ligase 连接酶Ribozyme 核酶Abzyme 抗体酶catalytic antibody 抗体酶analog 类似物assay 化验、测定optimal 最佳的Coenzyme 辅酶Cofactor 辅因子apoenzyme 脱辅酶holoenzyme 全酶acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶Nicotinamide 烟酰胺Adenine 腺嘌呤Dinucleotide 二核苷酸Phosphate 磷酸Oxidation 氧化reduction 还原Flavin 黄素Mononucleotide 单核苷酸Acyl 酰基thiamine pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素decarboxylase 脱羧酶Pyridoxal 吡哆醛Pyridoxamine 吡哆胺Pyridoxine 吡哆醇Ubiquinone 泛醌Isoenzymes 同功酶Kinetic 动力学lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶proportional 成比例的saturate 使饱和thermal 热的denaturation 变性optimum 最适宜的diversity 多样性Michaelis-Menten equation 米氏方程double-reciprocal plot 双倒数作图法inhibition 抑制Inhibitor 抑制剂Metabolite 代谢物Irreversible 不可逆的Reversible 可逆的Competitive 竞争性的Noncompetitive 非竞争性的Probe 探测Clinically 临床上Regulation 调节committed step 关键步骤activator 激活剂Adjust 调节Feedback 反馈Sequential 连续的Branched 分支的Conformational 构象的homotropic effect 同促效应heterotropic effect 异促效应Phosphofructokinase 磷酸果糖激酶Citrate 柠檬酸盐Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate 2,6-二磷酸果糖phosphorylation 磷酸化dephosphorylation 去磷酸化hydroxyl 羟基hormone 激素Glycogen phosphorylase 糖原磷酸化酶Phosphorylate 使磷酸化glycogen synthase 糖原合酶unphosphorylate 使去磷酸化proteolytic 蛋白质水解的proenzymes 酶原zymogen 酶原hydrolysis 水解pancreatic 胰腺的pancreas 胰腺small intestine 小肠blood clotting 血液凝固amplification 扩大cascade 级联第四章boundary 边界compartments 小室Mechanical 机械的signaling 发信号insoluble 不可溶的glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂类sphingolipids 鞘脂类sterols 固醇类glycerol 甘油sphingosine 鞘氨醇sphingomyelins 鞘磷脂cholesterol 胆固醇steroid 类固醇Amphipathic 两性的Hydrophilic 亲水的Bulky 体积大的self-assemble 自组装的fluidity 流动性rotational 转动的lateral 侧向的Fluid mosaic model 流体镶嵌模型Integral 整体的、内在的Flip 翻跟头integral membrane proteins 内在膜蛋白peripheral membrane proteins外周膜蛋白asymmetry 不对称asymmetrically 不对称地membrane-spaning protein 跨膜蛋白Multiple 多重的Lipid-anchored proteins 脂锚定蛋白Heterokaryon 异核体Fusion 融合Reconstitution 重建Reincorporated 重新合并Extracellular 细胞外的Intercellular 细胞内的Passive transport 被动运输active transport 主动运输concentration 浓度diffusion 扩散saturable 可饱和的facilitated 协助的、推动的symport 同向运送antiport 逆向运送epithelial cells 上皮细胞exocytosis 分泌作用endocytosis 内吞作用phagocytosis 吞噬作用pinocytosis 胞饮作用Receptor mediated endocytosis fusion受体介导的内吞作用debris 碎片transduction 转导Lipophilic 亲脂性的Receptors 受体second messengers 第二信使第五章Nucleic acid 核酸Replication 复制Nucleotide 核苷酸Pyrimidine 嘧啶Guanine 鸟嘌呤Thymine 胸腺嘧啶Cytosine 胞嘧啶Nucleoside 核苷Deoxyribonucleoside 脱氧核糖核苷ribonucleoside 核糖核苷deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸genes 基因complementarily 互补地nucleosome 核小体loop 突环rosette 玫瑰花结semi-conservative 半保留的polymerase 聚合酶template 模板primer 引物fork 叉Bidirectional 双向的Okazaki fragments 冈崎片段semi-discontinuous 半不连续的strand 链、一股hybridization 杂交melting temperature 熔融温度renaturation 复性labeled 标记的fluorescent 荧光的tag 标记、标签annealing 退火amplify 增强、扩大The central dogma 中心法则Transcription 转录initiation 起始Elongation 延伸termination 终止promoters 启动子palindrome 回文结构processing 加工splicing 拼接reverse transcription 逆转录第六章genetic code 遗传密码intermediate 中间的、媒介codons 密码子unambiguous 明确的correspond 相应、符合degenerate 简并的mutation 变异incorporation 合并nonoverlapping 不相重叠的reading frames 阅读框aminoacyl-tRNA 氨酰-tRNA peptidyl-tRNA 肽酰-tRNA stem 茎、干、臂anticodon 反密码子translocation 移位第七章metabolism 代谢Saccharides 糖类monosaccharides 单糖aldehyde group 醛基ketone group 酮基Stereoisomers 立体异构体Oligosaccharides 寡糖Glycosidic bond 糖苷键Polysaccharides 多糖Starch 淀粉Cellulose 纤维素Dextran 葡聚糖Amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉Glycolysis 糖酵解Cytoplasm 细胞质Glucose 葡萄糖Galactose 半乳糖Mannose 甘露糖Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Lactose 乳糖Hexokinase 己糖激酶Fructose 果糖Phosphoglucoisomerase 磷酸葡萄糖变位酶Bisphosphate 二磷酸glyceraldehydes 甘油醛dihydroxyacetone 二羟丙酮aldolase 醛缩酶triose 丙糖1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 1,3 二磷酸甘油酸dehydrogenase 脱氢酶3-phosphoglycerate 3-磷酸甘油酸kinase 激酶mutase 变位酶phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolase 烯醇化酶pyruvate 丙酮酸Gluconeogenesis 糖异生Noncarbhydrate 非糖的Liver 肝脏skeletal muscle 骨骼肌phosphorylase 磷酸化酶Phosphorolysis 磷酸化pyrophosphorylase 焦磷酸化酶glucosyl 葡萄糖基nonreducing end 非还原端Epinephrine 肾上腺素glucagon 胰高血糖素。

m acid m 酸m.w. 分子量macaroni rayon 空心人造丝macassar gum 琼脂mace oil 肉豆蔻油maceration 浸渍machine bleaching 机械漂白machine dyeing 机凭色machine oil 机油machine printing 机啤花macle 双晶macleod gage 麦克劳计maclurin 桑橙素macroanalysis 常量分析macrochemistry 常量化学macrocrystal 大晶体macrogeochemistry 宏观地球化学macroglobulin 巨球蛋白macromolecular chemistry 大分子化学macromolecular colloid 高分子胶质macromolecular compound 高分子化合物macromolecular grating 大分子格子macromolecular rupture 大分子破裂macromolecule 大分子macropolymerization 巨聚合macroscopic structure 宏观结构macrosis 巨大macrostate 宏观状态macrostructure 宏观结构macula lutea 黄斑madder lake 茜草色淀madder red 茜草红magenta 品红色magic mirror 半透玫magma 岩浆magma glassashes 岩浆玻璃灰magmatic assimilation 岩浆同化酌magmatic ore 岩浆矿石magmatic water 岩浆水magnalium 镁铝合金magnesia 氧化镁magnesia brick 镁砖magnesia cement 镁氧水泥magnesia clinker 镁熔块magnesia mixture 镁氧混合剂magnesia porcelain 镁质瓷器magnesia portlandcement 氧化镁普通水泥magnesite 菱镁矿magnesite chrome brick 铬镁砖magnesium 镁magnesium acetate 乙酸镁magnesium borate 硼酸镁magnesium calciumcarbonate 碳酸镁钙magnesium cell 镁电池magnesium chloride 氯化镁magnesium hydrate 氢氧化镁magnesium hydroxide 氢氧化镁magnesium nitrate 硝酸镁magnesium oxide 氧化镁magnesium peroxide 过氧化镁magnesium powder 镁细粉magnesium sulfate 硫酸镁magneson 试镁灵magnet 磁铁magnetic analysis 磁力分析magnetic anisotropy 磁蛤异性magnetic crystal group 磁晶群magnetic crystal structure 磁晶体结构magnetic field 磁场magnetic filter 磁性过滤器magnetic induction 磁感应magnetic iron ore 磁铁矿magnetic iron oxide 磁性氧化铁magnetic needle 磁针magnetic permeability 磁导率magnetic quantumnumber 磁量子数magnetic relaxation 磁性弛豫magnetic resonance 磁共振magnetic semiconductor 磁性半导体magnetic separator 磁力分离器magnetic stirrer 磁力搅拌器magnetic substance 磁性体magnetic susceptibility 磁化率magnetism 磁magnetite 磁铁矿magnetization 磁化magnetochemicalanalysis 磁化学分析magnetochemicalinvestigation 磁化学甸magnetochemistry 磁化学magnetometer 磁强计magneton 磁子magnetosonic wave 磁声波magnetron 磁控管magnification 放大率magnifier 放大镜magnifying glass 放大镜main alloying component 合金稚分main constituent 知组分main fermentation 知发酵酌main group 皱main group element 皱元素main reaction 知反应main valence 汁子价maintenance costs 维持费maize oil 玉米油maize starch 玉米淀粉majolika 马略尔卡陶器make up water 补充水malachite 孔雀石malachite green 孔雀绿malachite green actinometer 孔雀石绿光量计malate 苹果酸盐malathion 马拉松male sex hormone 雄激素maleamic acid 马来酰胺酸maleate 马来酸盐maleic acid 马来酸maleic acid ester 马来酸酯maleic anhydride 马来酐maleic ester resin 马来酯尸maleic hydrazide 马来酰肼maleic resin 马来尸malic acid 苹果酸malleability 展性malleable cast iron 可锻铸铁malonamide 丙二酰胺malonate 丙二酸盐malonic acid 丙二酸malonic ester 丙二酸酯malonic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成malonylurea 巴比土酸malt 麦芽malt agar 麦芽琼脂malt extract 麦芽抽出物malt sugar 麦芽糖maltase 麦芽糖酶maltha 软沥青malting 麦芽制造maltol 麦芽醇maltose 麦芽糖malvidin chloride 氯化二甲花翠man made fiber 人造纤维man made rubber 人造橡胶mandarin oil 橘子油mandelic acid 孟德立酸mandelonitrile 扁桃腈mandrel test 心轴试验法manganate 锰酸盐manganese 锰manganese blende 硫锰矿manganese chloride 氯化锰manganese dioxide 二氧化锰manganese sulfate 硫酸锰manganese sulfide 硫化锰manganin 锰镍铜合金manganite 亚锰酸盐mangrove 红树manipulator 操纵器机械手manna 吗哪mannan 甘露聚糖mannich reaction 曼尼期反应manninotriose 甘露三糖mannite 甘露糖醇mannitol 甘露糖醇mannitol hexanitrate 六硝酸甘露醇mannonic acid 甘露糖酸mannose 甘露糖manocryometer 融解压力计manometer 压力计manostat 恒压器manufacture 制造manufacture of commonsalt 食盐制造法manufactured gas 人造煤气manufacturing cost 造价manufacturing in series 成批生产manufacturing method 制造法manufacturing process 制造法manure 肥料manure salts 肥料盐manuring 施肥maple sugar 槭糖marble 大理石marcasite 白铁矿margarate 十七酸盐margaric acid 十七酸margarine 人造奶油margarite 珍珠云母marine animal oil 海生动物油marine clay 海成粘土marine engine oil 船用机油marine soap 海水皂mariotte bottle 马利欧特瓶marjoram oil 马郁兰油mark 标记marked line 标线market bleach 普通漂白marking ink 打印墨水markovnikov's rule 马尔科夫尼科夫规则marseille soap 马赛皂marsh gas 沼气marsh test 马希氏试验marshall's acid 马歇尔酸martens hardness tester 马氏硬度试验器martens heat resistancetest 马腾斯耐热试验martensite 马氏体maser 微波激射器mash 麦芽汁mask 面具masking 掩蔽masking agent 掩蔽剂masking reagent 掩蔽剂mason's hydrated lime 砖石用熟石灰masonry cement 砌筑水泥mass acceleration 质量加速度mass action 质量酌mass balance 物料平衡mass concentration 质量浓度mass defect 质量筐mass number 质量数mass polymerization 本体聚合mass production 大量生产mass radiation 质量辐射mass spectrograph 质谱仪mass spectrometer 质谱仪mass spectrometry 质谱测定法mass spectroscopy 质谱分析mass spectrum 质谱mass stopping power 质量阻止本领mass to charge ratio 质荷比mass transfer 物质传递mass unit 质量单位mass velocity 质量速度massecuite 糖膏massicot 铅黄massive coal 块煤masterbatch 母体混合物mastic 乳香mastication 捏炼masticator 素炼机masut 重油mat finish 消光整理mat glaze 无光泽釉mat gold 消光金mat paint 消光油漆match 火柴material 物质material balance 物料平衡material point 质点material wave 物质波mathematical induction 数学归纳法matrine 苦参碱matrix 基质matrix effect 基体效应matter 物质maturation 成熟酌maturative 催脓药maturing 成熟酌maturing temperature 成熟温度mauvein 苯胺紫maximal dose 极大剂量maximal observable 最大观测量maximal work 最大功maximum and minimumthermometer 最高最低温度计maximum current 最大电流maximum deflection 最大偏转maximum effective work 最大有效功maximum fiber stress 最大纤维应力maximum flexuralstrength 最大抗挠强度maximum load 最大负荷maximum output 最高产率maximum permissibledose 最大允许剂量maximum phenomenon 极大现象maximum suppressor 畸峰抑制剂maximum thermometer 最高温度计maximum wave 极大波maximum work 最大功maxivalence 最高价maxwell boltzmannstatistics 麦克斯韦玻耳兹曼统计maxwell boltzmann's law ofenergy distribution 麦克斯韦玻耳兹曼能量分布定律maxwell boltzmann's law ofvelocity distribution 麦克斯韦玻尔兹曼速度分配定律mazout 重油meal 粉状物mean activity 平均活度mean boiling point 平均沸点mean degree ofpolymerization 平均聚合度mean deviation 平均偏差mean dispersion 平均分散mean error 平均误差mean free path 平均自由程mean life 平均寿命mean temperaturedifference 均温差mean value 平均值measurable set 可测集measurement 测定measurement deviation 测定偏差measurement error 测量误差measurement of molecularweight 分子量测定measurement ofradioactivity 放射能测定measuring 测定measuring accuracy 测量精度measuring apparatus 计量仪器measuring bottle 量瓶measuring cylinder 量筒measuring flask 量瓶measuring glass 量杯measuring instrument 计量仪器measuring pipet 莫尔吸量管measuring tank 量槽mecazine 密哌嗪mechanical draft 机械通风mechanical energy 机械能mechanical equivalent of heat 热功当量mechanical impedance 机械阻抗mechanical mixture 机械混合物mechanical properties 机械性能mechanical pulp 机碎木浆mechanical rectifier 机械整流mechanical scrubber 机械滤净器mechanical test 机械试验mechanical weathering 机械风化mechanization 机械化mechanochemistry 机械化学meconic acid 袂康酸meconine 袂康宁meconium 鸦片mediasilicic rock 中硅质岩medical chemistry 医化学medical durable yeast 医药耐久酵母medicated soap 药用皂medium 介质medium boiler 中沸溶剂medium oil 中油medium oil varnish 中油清漆medium tone 中间色调meker burner 梅克尔灯melamine 蜜胺melamine resin 蜜胺尸melamine resin varnish 三聚氰胺尸清漆melanin 黑素melanogen 黑素原melibiase 蜜二糖酶melibiose 蜜二糖melinite 苦味酸melissic acid 蜂花酸melissyl alcohol 蜂花醇melitose 棉子糖mellic acid 苯六酸mellitate 苯六甲酸酯mellophanic acid 苯偏四甲酸melt 溶融物melt spinning 熔体纺丝melt spinning device 熔融纺丝装置melt viscosity 熔解粘度melting 熔融melting heat 熔化热melting method 熔融法melting point 熔点melting point diagram 熔点线图melting zone 熔化带membrane 隔膜membrane electrode 膜电极membrane equilibrium 膜平衡membrane filter 薄膜过滤器membrane potential 膜电位membrane simulation 膜模拟memory 存储器menadiole 甲萘二酚menadione 甲萘醌mendelev periodic law ofelements 门捷列夫元素周期律mendelevium 钔meniscus 弯液面menshutkin reaction 门秀金反应menthadiene 薄荷二烯menthane 薄荷烷menthol 薄荷醇menthone 薄荷酮menthyl acetate 三萜醇乙酸酯mepazine 密哌嗪mephobarbital 普罗米那mephosfolan 二噻磷meralluride 汞鲁来merbromin 汞溴红mercaptal 缩硫醛mercaptan 硫醇mercaptide 硫醇盐mercaptobenzothiazole 巯基苯并噻唑mercaptoethanol 巯基乙醇mercaptol 缩硫醇mercaptopurine 巯基嘌呤mercaptothiazoline 巯基噻唑啉mercerization 丝光处理mercerizing assistant 丝光加工助剂mercerizing machine 丝光处理机mercocresol 汞甲酚剂mercuration 汞化mercurial barometer 水银气压计mercurial column 水银柱mercurial ointment 汞制油膏mercuric arsenate 砷酸汞mercuric chloride 氯化正汞mercuric compound 正汞化合物mercuric cyanide 氰化汞mercuric fluoride 氟化汞mercuric nitrate 硝酸汞mercuric oleate 油酸汞mercuric oxide 氧化汞mercuric oxide electrode 氧化汞电极mercuric salt 正汞盐mercuric stearate 硬脂酸汞mercuric sulfate 硫酸汞mercuric sulfide 硫化汞mercurimetric titration 汞液滴定法mercurimetry 汞液滴定法mercurochrome 汞溴红mercurol 核酸汞mercurometric titration 亚汞滴定法mercurometry 亚汞滴定法mercurous nitrate 硝酸亚汞mercurous salt 亚汞盐mercury 汞mercury arc rectifier 汞汽整流mercury bridge 水银电桥mercury cathode cell 汞阴极电池mercury cell 水银电池mercury chloride 氯化汞mercury cyanide 氰化汞mercury electrode 水银电极mercury fulminate 雷酸汞mercury iodide 碘化汞mercury lamp 水银灯mercury manometer 水银压力计mercury nitrate 硝酸汞mercury oxide 氧化汞mercury pool 水银槽mercury process 水银法mercury pump 水银真空泵mercury rash 汞皮疹mercury thermometer 水银温度表mercury vapour rectifier 汞汽整流mercury volumeter 汞容积计meromyosin 酶解肌球蛋白meroplankton 暂时性浮游生物mesaconic acid 甲基反丁烯二酸mescaline 墨斯卡灵mesh 筛眼mesityl oxide 异丙叉丙酮mesitylene 均三甲基苯meso form 内消旋式mesobilirubin 中胆红素mesobilirubinogen 中胆红原mesobiliverdin 中胆绿素mesochemistry 介子化学mesocolloid 近胶体mesomeric effect 内消旋效应mesomerism 稳变异构mesomorphic phase 中间相mesomorphism 液晶态meson 介子mesophase 中间相mesorcin 均三甲苯二酚mesotartaric acid 内消旋酒石酸mesothorium 新钍mesoxalic acid 中草酸mesoxalylurea 中草酰脲messenger ribonucleicacid 信使核糖核酸meta acid 偏酸metaarsenic acid 偏砷酸metabiosis 后继共生metabolism 代谢酌metabolite 代谢物metaboric acid 偏硼酸metachemistry 超化学metachromasia 异染色metachromasy 异染色metachromatic stain 异染性染料metachromatism 变色现象metadiazine 嘧啶metaisomerism 位变异构现象metal alkyl 金属烷基metal analysis 金属分析metal arc 金属电弧metal bath 金属浴metal carbonyl 羰络金属metal cluster 金属团簇metal complex 金属络合盐metal complex dye 金属配位染料metal encased brick 铁皮砖metal film resistor 金属薄膜电阻器metal fog 金属雾metal glass 金属玻璃metal indicator 金属指示剂metal line 液面线metal mist 金属雾metal nonmetal transition 金属非金属过渡metal plating 金属镀层metal spray gun 金属喷雾器metal spraying 金属喷涂metalation 金属化metaldehyde 多聚乙醛metallic block calorimeter 金属热量计metallic bond 金属键metallic complex salt 金属络合盐metallic element 金属元素metallic luster 金属光泽metallic oxide 金属氧化物metallic paint 金属涂料metallic poison 金属毒metallic powderypigment 金属粉末颜料metallic soap 金属皂metallic thermometer 金属温度计metallic tin 金属锡metallocene 金属茂络合物metallocycle 金属循环物metalloenzyme 金属酶metallography 金属学metalloid 类金属metalloid element 类金属元素metalloprotein 金属蛋白质metallurgical chemistry 冶金化学metallurgical coke 冶金焦metallurgical microscope 冶金显微镜metallurgy 冶金metamer 位变异构体metamerism 位变异构性metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic rock 变质岩metamorphism 变形现象metanil yellow 间胺黄metanilic acid 间氨基苯磺酸metaphosphate 偏磷酸盐metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸metaprotein 变性蛋白metasilicate 偏硅酸盐metasilicic acid 偏硅酸metastable atom 亚稳原子metastable equilibrium 亚稳定平衡metastable ion 亚稳定离子metastable phase 亚稳相metastable state 亚稳状态metastannic acid 偏锡酸metathesis 复分解metathetical salts 复分解盐meteoric iron 铁陨石meteorite 陨石meter oil 仪泼油metering pump 计量泵methabenzthiazuron 噻唑隆methacrylic acid 异丁烯酸methacrylonitrile 异丁烯腈methadone 美沙酮methallyl alcohol 甲代烯丙醇methanal 甲醛methane 甲烷methanoic acid 甲酸methanol 甲醇methanolysis 甲醇分解methanthiol 甲硫醇methemoglobin 正铁血红蛋白methene 甲叉methidathion 杀扑磷methide 甲基化物methionine 甲硫氨酸method of least squares 最小二乘法method of spin labeling 自旋标记法method of steady state 定常状态法method of steepestdescent 最陡下降法method of substitution 取代法methoxide 甲醇盐methoxyacetic acid 甲氧基乙酸methoxybenzene 茴香醚methoxychlor 甲氧氯methoxyl group 甲氧基methyl acetate 醋酸甲酯methyl acetone 甲基丙酮methyl acrylate 丙烯酸甲酯methyl alcohol 甲醇methyl benzoate 苯甲酸甲酯methyl blue 甲基蓝methyl borate 硼酸甲酯methyl cellulose 甲基纤维素methyl chloride 甲基氯methyl ethyl diketone 乙酰丙酮methyl ethyl ketone 丁酮methyl furan 甲基呋喃methyl iodide 甲基碘methyl mercaptan 甲硫醇methyl methacrylate 甲基丙烯酸甲酯methyl myristate 十四烷酸甲酯methyl nitrate 硝酸甲酯methyl orange 甲基橙methyl parathion 甲基对硫磷methyl piperazine 甲基哌嗪methyl red 甲基红methyl rubber 甲基橡胶methyl salicylate 水杨酸甲酯methyl stearate 硬脂酸甲酯methyl vinyl ether 甲基乙烯基醚methyl vinyl ketone 甲基乙烯基酮methyl violet 甲基紫methylacetylene 丙炔methylal 甲缩醛methylallyl chloride 甲代烯丙基氯methylamine 甲胺methylate 甲醇盐methylated alcohol 甲基化酒精methylating agent 甲基化剂methylation 甲基化酌methylbenzene 甲苯methylbutynol 甲基丁炔醇methylcyclohexane 甲基环己烷;甲基溶纤剂methylcyclohexanol 甲基环己醇methylcyclohexanone 甲基环己酮methylcyclopentane 甲基环戊烷methylene 甲叉methylene blue 亚甲蓝methylene chloride 二氯甲烷methyleneaniline 亚甲基氨苯methylfumaric acid 甲基反丁烯二酸methylglyoxal 丙酮醛methylisobutylketone 甲基异丁酮methylnaphthalene 甲基萘methylol 亚甲醇methylolurea 羟甲基脲methylpentene 甲基戊烯methylphenol 甲酚methylpiperidine 哌可啉metol 米吐尔metribuzin 赛克津mezcaline 墨斯卡灵mica 云母mica capacitor 云母电容器mica condenser 云母电容器mica plate 云母板mica schist 云母片岩micaceous hematite 云母赤铁矿micaceous iron ore 云母赤铁矿micell formation 胶束形成micell weight 胶束量micellar space 胶束空间micelle 胶团michael reaction 迈克尔反应micro heterogeneity 微异质性micro porous rubber 微孔泡沫胶microanalysis 微量分析microanalytical reagent 微量分析试剂microanalyzer 微量分析器microbalance 微量天平microbattery 微电池microbe 微生物microbicide 杀菌剂microbioassay 微生物学测定法microbiological assay 微生物学测定法microbiological corrosion 微生物腐蚀microburet 微量滴定管microburner 微灯microcapsule 微胶囊microchemistry 微量化学microcoacervation 微凝聚microcolorimeter 做量比色计microcomponent 微量组分microcorrosion 微腐蚀microcosmic salt 磷盐microcrystal 微晶microcrystalline structure 微晶结构microelectrode 微电极microelectrolysis 微量电解microelement 微量元素microfilter 微量过滤器microhardness tester 显微硬度试验器microincineration 微量灰化microlite 细晶石micromanipulator 显微操阻备micrometer 测微计micrometer eyepiece 目镜测微计micron 微米micronitrometer 微氮量计micronutrient 微量养料microorganism 微生物microphotometer 显微光度计micropipet 微量吸移管micropore 微孔microporous barrier 微孔障碍microsample 微量试样microscope 显微镜microscopic analysis 显微镜分析microscopy 显微镜检查法microspectroscope 显微分光镜microstate 微观状态microstructure 微结构microthrowing power 微量布散能力microtitration 微量滴定microtome 切片机middle oil 中油middle tone 中间色调migration 迁移migration area 迁移面积migration current 迁移电流migration potential 迁移电位milk 牛奶milk fat 乳脂milk of lime 石灰乳milk of sulfur 乳硫milk powder 奶粉milk sugar 乳糖milky glass 乳白玻璃mill 磨粉机mill addition 球磨机添加物料mill grease 磨机用润滑脂milled rubber 捏炼橡胶milled soap 研制皂milliequivalent 毫当量millimol 毫克分子milling 捏炼milling machine 捏炼机milling ore 进厂矿石millon's base 米隆碱millon's reagent 米隆试剂mine air 矿井内空气mine fire 矿井内火灾mine gas 矿井内气体mine water 矿井水mineral 矿物mineral acid 无机酸mineral analysis 矿物分析mineral bath 矿泉浴mineral black 矿物黑mineral charcoal 天然木炭mineral chemistry 矿物化学mineral colloid 无机胶体mineral colza oil 重质灯油mineral deposit 矿床mineral dressing 选矿mineral dye 矿物染料mineral fertilizer 无机肥料mineral fiber 矿物纤维mineral oil 矿物油mineral pigment 矿物性颜料mineral processing 选矿mineral resin 矿物尸mineral rubber 矿物胶mineral seal oil 重质灯油mineral spirit 石油醚mineral substance 矿物质mineral water 矿泉水mineral wax 木炭mineral wool 矿棉mineralizer 矿化剂mineralogy 矿物学minimum 最小minimum content 最小含量minimum deviation 最小偏差minimum number of theoretical plates 最小理论板数minimum reflux ratio 最小回寥minimum thermometer 最低温度计minimum weight 最低重量minium 铅丹minivalence 最小化合价minor 子式mirabilite 芒硝;芒硝mirbane oil 硝基苯mirror glass 镜玻璃mirror image isomer 镜像异构体mirror point 镜像点mirror symmetry 镜面对称miscibility 混性miscibility gap 混溶隙miscible solvent 可混溶剂misfire 拒爆mispickel 砷黄铁矿mist 细雾mitomycin 丝裂霉素mix spinning 混合纺纱mixed acid 混酸mixed base crude oil 混合基原油mixed bed system 混合床系统mixed complex 混合络合物mixed cryoglobulin 混合冷沉球蛋白mixed crystal 混合晶体mixed fertilizer 混合肥料mixed gas 混合气体mixed glyceride 混酸甘油酯mixed indicator 混合指示剂mixed melting point 混合熔点mixed oxide 混合氧化物mixed paint 低涂料mixed solvent 混合溶剂mixed valence 混合原子价mixed valence complex 混合原子价复合体mixer 混合机mixing 混合mixing machine 混合机mixing mill 混合辊mixing proportion 混合比mixing ratio 混合比mixture 混合物mixture of gasoline andalcohol 汽油酒精混合剂mobile equilibrium 怜平衡mobile oil 猎油mobile phase 怜相mobility 迁移率mobilometer 淌度计model 型model enzyme 模型酵素model research 模型研究moderation 减速moderator 减速剂moderator coolant 减速冷却剂moderator lattice 慢化剂栅格modification 变态modified milk powder 改性牛奶粉modified rayon 变性人造纤维modified resin 改良尸modified wood 改性木材modifier 改良剂modifying agent 改良剂modulation 灯modulus 模数modulus of compression 压缩模量modulus of elasticity 弹性系数modulus of rupture 裂断模量mohr pipet 莫尔吸量管mohr's salt 莫尔盐mohs scale 莫氏硬度moiety 一部分moist adiabatic change 湿绝热变化moist air 湿空气moistener 润湿器moistening chamber 给湿室moisture 湿气moisture absorption 吸潮moisture ash free coal 无水无灰煤moisture barrier 防潮衬层moisture content 含水量moisture equivalent 含水当量moisture permeability 透湿性mol 克分子molal solution 克分子溶液molar absorptioncoeffcient 摩尔吸光系数molar concentration 克分子浓度molar conductivity 克分子电导率molar depression 分子降低molar depression of freezing point 克分子冰点降低molar elevation 克分子升高molar elevation of boiling point 摩尔沸点升高molar extinction coefficient 克分子消光系数molar fraction 克分子分数molar heat capacity 克分子热容molar polarization 分子极化molar refraction 分子折射molar rotation 克分子旋光度molar rotatory power 克分子旋光度molar solution 摩尔混液molar specific heat 摩尔比热molar susceptibility 摩尔磁化率molar volume 克分子体积molar weight 分子量molarity 克分子浓度molasses 废蜜mold 霉菌mold cure 模塑硫化mold goods 模制品mold lubricant 脱模剂mold releasing agent 脱模剂mold shrinkage 成型收缩molded laminate 模制品层压molding 模塑硫化molding plaster 塑造石膏molding powder 压塑粉molding press 造型机molding temperature 造型温度moldings 模制品mole 摩尔mole fraction 克分子分数molecular adsorption 分子吸附molecular arrangement 分子排布molecular association 分子缔合molecular asymmetry 分子不对称molecular attraction 分子引力molecular beam 分子束molecular collision 分子碰撞molecular colloid 分子胶体molecular compound 分子化合物molecular crystal 分子晶体molecular designing 分子设计molecular diagram 分子模型图molecular diffusion 分子扩散molecular dipole 分子偶极子molecular distillation 分子蒸馏molecular dynamics 分子动力学molecularelctroconductivity 分子电导率molecular evolution 分子演化molecular field 分子场molecular filter 分子过滤器molecular flexibility 分子柔性molecular force 分子力molecular formula 分子式molecular grating 分子晶格molecular heat capacity 摩尔热容molecular ion 分子离子molecular lattice 分子晶格molecular magnet 分子磁体molecular orbital 分子轨道molecular orbital method 分子轨道法molecular orientation 分子取向molecular reaction 分子反应molecular rearrangement 分子重排molecular relaxation 分子松弛molecular rotationalenergy 摩尔旋光能molecular rotatory power 分子旋光度molecular sieve 分子筛molecular solution 分子溶液molecular spectrum 分子光谱molecular still 分子蒸馏器molecular structure 分子结构molecular symmetry 分子对称molecular theory 分子说molecular volume 克分子体积molecular weight 分子量molecular weightdetermination 分子量测定molecular weightdistribution curve 分子量分布曲线molecular weightdistribution function 分子量分布函数molecule 分子molten slag 熔渣molten solvent 熔化溶剂molten state 熔融状态molting hormone 脱皮激素molybdate 钼酸盐molybdate orange 钼铬红molybdenite 辉钼矿molybdenum 钼molybdenum chloride 氯化钼molybdenum dioxide 二氧化钼molybdenum disulfide 二硫化钼molybdenum oxide 氧化钼molybdic acid 钼酸molybdite 钼华moment 力矩moment of inertia 惯性矩moment of momentum 动量矩momentum 动量monad 一价物monad radical 一价基monatomic 单原子的monatomicity 单原子性monazite 独居石mond gas 蒙德煤气mond process 蒙德法monoacetin 一醋精monoacidic base 一价碱monoaromatics 单芳香族化合物monoatomic molecule 单原子分子monobasic 一元的monobasic acid 一价酸monochloroacetic acid 一氯代醋酸monochlorobenzene 一氯代苯monochromatic light 单色光monochromatic temperature scale 单色温标monochromator 单色光镜monochrome 单色monoclinic sulphur 单斜硫monoclinic system 单斜晶系monodisperse sol 单分散溶胶monodisperse system 单分散系monoethanolamine 单乙醇胺monofilament 单丝monofunctional molecule 单功能分子monogenetic dyestuff 单色染料monoglyceride 甘油一酸酯monohydrate 一水化物monohydric alcohol 一元醇monolayer 单分子层monomer 单体monomer reactivity ratio 单体反应性比率monomolecular adsorptionlayer 单分子吸附层monomolecular film 单分子膜monomolecular layer 单分子层monomolecularmembrane 单分子膜monomolecular reaction 单分子反应mononaphthene 单环烷monoolefine 单烯烃monosaccharide 单糖monose 单糖monosilane 甲硅烷monosodium glutamate 谷氨酸钠monostearin 甘油一硬脂酸酯monoterpene 单萜monotropy 单变现象monovalent 一价的monovariant equilibrium 单变平衡monovariant system 单变系monoxide 一氧化物montan wax 褐煤蜡montmorillonite 蒙脱石mooney plastometer 门尼塑度计mooney viscometer 门尼塑度计mooney viscosity 门尼粘度mordant 媒染剂mordant dye 媒染染料mordanting 媒染mordanting assistants 媒染助剂morin 桑色素morphine 吗啡morphine hydrochloride 盐酸吗啡morphine sulfate 硫酸吗啡碱morpholine 吗啉morphosan 吗啡散mortar 灰泥mosaic gold 镶嵌金mosaic structure 嵌镶结构moseley's law 摩斯利则moth proofing 防虫处理mother liquor 母液motor gasoline 动力汽油motor oil 汽车润滑油mottled paper 暗斑纸moulding machine 制模机moving bed 移动床moving bed catalyticcracking 移动床催裂化法moving bed reactor 移动床反应器moving catalyst bed 移动催化剂床moving phase 怜相mucic acid 粘酸mucilage 胶水mucin 粘液素mucin sugar 果糖mucoid 类粘蛋白muconic acid 粘康酸mucoprotein 粘蛋白mucosa 粘膜mucous fermentation 粘液发酵mucous membrane 粘膜mud 泥mud pump 泥浆泵mud removal acid 软泥除去酸mud sump 泥浆池muffle furnace 高温烘炉muffle kiln 高温烘炉mullite 莫来石mullite porcelain 莫来石质瓷mulser 乳化机multicellular glass 泡沫玻璃multicolored effect 多色染效应multicomponent distillation 多组分蒸馏multilayer adsorption 多层吸附multilayer film 多层膜multimolecular layer adsorption 多层吸附multimolecular reaction 多分子反应multinomial distribution 多项分布multiphase flow 多相流multiple bond 多重键multiple cage mill 粉碎机multiple effect evaporation 多效蒸发multiple effect evaporator 多效蒸发器multiplet 多重谱线multiplet splitting 多重线分裂multiplicity 多重性multistage compressor 多级压气机multistage pump 多级泵multivariant system 多变体系multivariate analysis 多元分析murexide 骨螺紫murexide reaction 骨螺紫反应murexide test 骨螺紫试验muriatic acid 盐酸muscarine 腐鱼毒muscone 香酮muscovite 白云母musk 香musk ketone 香酮mustard gas 芥气mustard oil 芥子油mutagen 诱变物质mutarotation 旋光改变mutton tallow 羊脂mutual exclusion rule 互斥现象则mutual induction 互感应mutual solubility 互溶度mutuality of phases 相的相互性mycoderma 菌皮myelin 髓磷脂myoglobin 肌红蛋白myokinase 肌激酶myosin 肌球朊myrcene 月桂烯myricetin 杨梅黄素myricyl alcohol 蜂花醇myristic acid 十四酸myristica oil 肉豆蔻油myrrh 没药nabam 代森钠nacre 珍珠母nacrolacquer 珍珠漆nandinine 南天竹碱napalm 凝汽油剂napalm bomb 汽油弹naphtha 石脑油naphtha cracking 石脑油裂解naphthacene 并四苯naphthaldehyde 萘醛naphthalene 萘naphthalene nucleus 萘环naphthalene oil 萘油naphthazarin 萘茜naphthenate 环烷酸盐naphthenate soap 环烷皂naphthene 环烷naphthene base crude oil 环烷基原油naphthenic acid 环酸naphthenic hydrocarbon 环烷烃naphthenic soap 环烷皂naphthionic acid 对氨基萘磺酸naphthoic acid 萘酸naphthoic aldehyde 萘醛naphthol 萘酚naphthol dye 萘酚染料naphthol green 萘酚绿naphthol phthalein 萘酸酞naphthol yellow 萘酚黄naphthology 石油科学naphtholsulfonic acid 萘酚磺酸naphthopicric acid 萘苦酸naphthoquinoline 萘喹啉naphthoquinone 萘醌naphthylamine 萘胺naples yellow 拿浦黄narceine 那碎因narcosis 麻醉narcotic 麻醉剂narcotic poison 致昏迷毒剂narcotine 那可汀narcotization 麻醉naringin 柚苷nascent hydrogen 初生氢nascent state 初生态native gold 自然金natural abrasive 天然磨料natural asphalt 天然沥青natural cement 天然水泥natural coke 天然焦natural color photography 天然色照相natural convection 自然对流natural cooling 自然冷却natural draft 自然通风natural dye 天然染料natural fiber 天然纤维natural gas 天然煤气natural gasoline 天然汽油natural graphite 天然黑铅natural heat convection 自然对粱热natural perfume 天然香料natural pigment 天然色素natural radioactivity 天然放射性natural resin 天然尸natural rubber 天然橡胶natural science 自然科学natural silk 天然丝natural soda 天然苏打nature 性质nauseants 呕吐剂navier stokes equation of motion 那维尔斯托克斯运动方程试near ultraviolet rays 近紫外线neat cement 净水泥neat soap 纯皂needle crystal 针状结晶needle valve 针阀negative 负片negative adsorption 负吸附酌negative catalysis 负催化negative catalyst 负催化剂negative colloid 阴性胶体negative effect 负效应negative electrode 阴极negative element 阴性元素negative ion 阴离子negative maximum 负极大negative plate 阴极板negative reaction 负反应negative substituent 阴性取代基neighboring group effect 邻基效应nematic liquid crystal 向列型液晶nematic phase 向列相nematic state 向列态nematocide 杀线虫剂neoarsenobenzene 新砷苯neoarsphenamine 新胂凡钠明neocupferron 新铜铁灵neodymium 钕neohexane 新己烷neomycin 新霉素neon 氖neon lamp 氖灯neopentane 新戊烷neopentyl alcohol 新戊醇neoprene 氯丁二烯橡胶neosalvarsan 新塞佛散neostigmine bromide 溴化新斯的明nepheline 霞石nepheline syenite 霞石正长岩nephelite 霞石nephelometer 比浊计nephelometric analysis 比浊法nephelometry 比浊法nephrite 软玉neptunium 镎neral 橙花醛nernst's heat theorem 能斯脱热定理nerol 橙花醇nerolidol 橙花叔醇nerolin 橙花醚nerve gas 神经毒气nerve narcotic 神经麻醉药nerve poison 神经毒剂nerve tonic 神经强壮剂nervonic acid 神经酸nesmeyanov reaction 内斯米羊诺夫反应nesosilicate 岛状硅酸盐nessler tube 奈斯勒比色管nessler's color comparisontube 奈斯勒比色管nessler's reagent 奈斯勒氏试剂net calorific value 净热值net plane 网平面net retention volume 净保留体积net weight 净重net working 网状结合network molecule 网络分子network structure 网状结构neuraminic acid 神经氨酸neurine 神经碱neurochemistry 神经化学neurokeratin 神经角蛋白neurotransmitter 神经传递介质neutral catalyst 中性催化剂neutral lipid 中性脂质neutral oxide 中性氧化物neutral point 中和点neutral potassium arsenite中性亚砷酸钾neutral red 中性红neutral salt 中性盐neutral salt effect 中性盐效应neutral solution 中性溶液neutral species 无电荷化学种neutrality 中性neutralization 中和neutralization curve 中和曲线neutralization equivalent 中。

生物化学第一章蛋白质的结构与功能第一节蛋白质的分子组成●氨基酸amino acid●等电点isoelectric point，pI●肽peptide●肽键peptide bond●寡肽oligopeptide●多肽polypeptide●氨基酸残基residue●肽单元peptide unit●谷胱甘肽glutathione GSH●神经肽neuropeptide●辅基prothetic group●蛋白质家族protein family●超家族superfamily第二节蛋白质的分子结构●一级结构primary structure⏹氨基酸序列amino acid sequence●二级结构secondary structure⏹α-螺旋α-helix⏹β-折叠β-pleated sheet⏹β-转角β-turn⏹无规卷曲random coil⏹超二级结构super-secondary structure⏹模体motif●三级结构tertiary structure：⏹结构域domain⏹分子伴侣molecular chaperone●四级结构quaternary structure⏹亚基subunit⏹同二聚体homodimer⏹异二聚体heterodimer 第三节蛋白质结构与功能的关系●细胞色素C cytochrome C●肌红蛋白myoglubin Mb●血红蛋白hemoglobin Hb●正协同效应positive cooperativity●紧张态tense state，T态松弛态relaxed state，R态●别构效应allosteric effect●朊病毒蛋白prion protein，PrP第四节蛋白质的理化性质●等电点isoelectric point，pI●蛋白质变性denaturation●复性renaturation●蛋白质的凝固作用protein coagulation●茚三酮反应ninhydrin reaction●双缩脲反应biuret reaction第五节蛋白质的分离、纯化与结构分析●透析dialysis●盐析salt precipitation●蛋白质电泳electrophoresis⏹等电聚焦电泳isoelectric equilibriumelectrophoresis，IEE⏹双向凝胶电泳two-dimentional gelelectrophoresis，2-DGE●层析chromatography●凝胶过滤gel filtration（分子筛层析）●超速离心法ultracentrifugation●沉降系数sedimentation coefficient，S●圆二色光谱circular dichroism，CD●X线衍射法X-ray diffraction●核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance，NMR第六节血浆蛋白质●γ-球蛋白γ-globulin●前白蛋白prealbumin，PA●免疫球蛋白immunoglobulin，Ig第二章酶●酶enzyme第一节酶的分子结构与功能●底物substrate●酶的特异性（专一性）specificity⏹绝对专一性absolute specificity⏹相对专一性relative specificity⏹立体异构专一性steroespecificity●分类⏹单体酶monomeric enzyme⏹寡聚酶oligomeric enzyme⏹多酶复合物multienzyme complex（多酶体系multienzyme system）●酶的化学组成⏹单纯酶simple enzyme⏹结合酶conjugated enzyme◆酶蛋白apoenzyme◆辅因子cofactor◆全酶holoenzyme●酶的辅因子⏹辅酶coenzyme⏹辅基prosthetic group⏹金属酶metalloenzyme◆金属激活酶metal activated enzyme◆酶的激活剂activator⏹维生素vitamin●酶的活性中心active center（活性部位activesite）⏹必需基团essential group◆结合基团binding group◆催化基团catalytic group●多功能酶multifunctional enzyme（串联酶tandemenzyme）●同工酶isoenzyme，isozyme⏹乳酸脱氢酶lactate dehydrogenase，LDH⏹肌酸激酶creatine kinase，CK第二节酶的分类与命名●氧化还原酶类oxidoreductase●转移酶类fransferase●水解酶类hydrolase●裂合酶类lyase⏹合酶synthases●异构酶类isomerase●合成酶类synthetase（连接酶ligase）●系统名称systematic name推荐名称recommended name第三节酶的工作原理●活化能activation energy●过渡态transition state●化学反应的能障energy barrier●酶-底物中间产物学说intermediate theory●诱导契合假说induced-fit hypothesis●邻近效应proximity effect●定向排列orientation arrange●表面效应surface effect●底物脱溶剂化desolvation●酸碱催化作用general acid-base catalysis●亲核催化nucleophilic catalysis●亲电催化electrophilic catalysis●共价催化covalent catalysis第四节酶促反应动力学●酶促反应动力学Kinetics of enzyme-catalyzedreaction●酶促反应初速率initial velocity，V0●最大反应速率maximum velocity，V max●米—曼氏方程Michaelis-Menten equation●米氏方程Michealis equation●米氏常数Michaelis constant●酶的转换数turnover number●酶活力单位active unit，U●酶的比活力specific activity●林—贝作图法Lineweaver-Burk（双倒数作图法）●酶的最适温度optimum temperature●酶促反应的最适pH optimum pH●酶的抑制剂inhibitor●不可逆抑制作用irreversible inhibition⏹二巯基丙醇british aiti-Lewisite，BAL⏹胆碱酯酶choline eaterase（丝氨酸残基）⏹解磷定pyridine aldoxime methyloidide，PAM●可逆抑制⏹竞争性抑制competitive inhibition⏹非竞争性抑制non-competitive inhibition⏹反竞争性抑制uncompetitive inhibition●酶的激活剂activator●必需激活剂essential activator●非必需激活剂non- essential activator⏹超氧化物歧化酶super oxide dismutase，SOD第五节酶的调节●别构酶allosteric enzyme●别构调节allosteric regulation●别构部位allosteric site（调节部位regulatorysite）●别构效应剂allosteric effector⏹别构激活剂allosteric activator⏹别构抑制剂allosteric inhibitor●正协同效应positive cooperative effect负协同效应negative cooperative effect●酶原zymogen●酶的化学修饰chemical modification（共价修饰covalent modification）⏹磷酸化修饰phosphorylation◆蛋白激酶protein kinase◆蛋白磷酸酶protein phosphatase⏹乙酰化修饰acetylation⏹甲基化修饰methylation●诱导作用induction阻遏作用repression●蛋白质的半寿期half-life，t1/2第六节酶与医学的关系●指示酶indicator enzyme●辅助酶auxiliary enzyme●酶联免疫吸附法enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay，ELISA。

常用生化中英文对照表第一章Prokaryote 原核生物Eukaryote 真核生物fractionation 分级、分馏biomolecule 生物分子organism 生物体、有机体membrane 膜nucleus 细胞核cocci 球菌bacilli 杆菌spirilla 螺旋菌Eubacteria 真细菌Archaebacteria 原细菌Cyanobacteria 蓝细菌Plasma 细胞浆Mesosome 间体Nuleoid 拟核Sytosol 细胞质、原生质Bilayer 双分子层（膜）Protein 蛋白质Lipid 脂类Carbohydrate 糖类、碳水化合物osmotic pressure 渗透压Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Subcellular 亚细胞的Ganelle 细胞器Genetic 遗传的Chromosome 染色体ribosomal ribonucleic acid rRNAEndoplasmic reticulum 内质网Phospholipid 磷脂Detoxification 解毒Golgi apparatus 高尔基体Refresh 更新Mitochondria 线粒体oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化 fatty acid脂肪酸 degradation降解 Chloroplasts 叶绿体thylakoid vesicles类囊体 photosynthesis光合作用Lysosomes 溶酶体Macromolecule 大分子Enzyme 酶Cytoskeleton 细胞支架Metabolic 新陈代谢的Centrifugation 离心Isolate 分离Equilibrium 平衡Density 密度Friction 摩擦力Velocity 速率Supernatant 上清夜Pellet 沉淀 第二章Amino acid 氨基酸Enantiomers 对映体Tetrahedral 正四面体的Hydrophobic 疏水的、憎水的Aliphatic 脂肪族的Aromatic 芳香族的Polar 极性的Charged 带电荷的Glycine Gly,甘氨酸alanine Ala,丙氨酸valine Val,缬氨酸leucine Leu,亮氨酸isoleucine Ile,异亮氨酸methionine Met,甲硫氨酸proline Pro,脯氨酸cystine Cys,半胱氨酸Phenylalanine Phe,苯丙氨酸Tyrosine Tyr,酪氨酸Tryptophan Trp,色氨酸Asparagines Asn, 天冬酰胺Glutamine Gln,谷氨酰胺Serine Ser,丝氨酸Threonine Thr,苏氨酸Varginine Arg, 精氨酸Lysine Lys,赖氨酸Histidine His,组氨酸aspartic acid Asp,天冬氨酸glutamic acid Glu,谷氨酸base 碱carboxyl 羧基isoelectric point 等电点positive 正的、阳性的negative 负的、阴性的buffering 缓冲physiological 生理的Primary structure 一级结构 Secondary structure 二级结构 Tertiary structure 三级结构 Quaternary structure 四级结构peptide bond 肽键sequence 顺序、序列covalent Bond 共价键polypeptide 多肽terminal 末端carbonyl 羰基resonance structures 共振结构rigid 刚性的rotate旋转trans configuration顺式构象disulfide bonds二硫键α-helix α-落选hydrogen bond 氢键β-pleated sheet β-折叠片parallel 平行的antiparallel 反平行的random coil 无规卷曲unique 唯一的spatial 空间的arrangement 排列、安排linear sequence 线性序列residue 残基Hydrophobic interaction 疏水相互作用Interior 内部的Electrostatic force静电力salt bridge盐桥、盐键van der Waals force 范德华力subunit 亚基allosteric effect 变构效应Noncovalent interactions 非共价相互作用protein stability 蛋白质的稳定dimensional 空间的、维的proton 质子donor 供体、赠与者lone pair of electrons 孤对电子collinear 在同一直线上 Hydrophobic force 疏水力Nonpolar 非极性Minimize 最小化protein folding 蛋白质折叠Accessory protein 辅助蛋白质molecular chaperones 分子伴侣Myoglobin 肌红蛋白Hemoglobin 血红蛋白prosthetic group 辅基essential 必需的heme 血红素crevice缝隙protoporphyrin 原卟啉porphyrin 卟啉ferrous 含铁的proximal 最接近的cooperative 协同的noncooperative 非协同的dissociation curve 解离曲线sigmoidal S 形曲线hyperbolic 双曲线affinity 亲和性blood capillaries 血管Bohr effect 波尔效应2,3-biphosphoglycerate 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸Mechanism 机制Relaxed state 松弛状态tense state 紧张状态hemoglobinopathies 血红蛋白分子病Sickle-cell anemia 镰刀形细胞贫血症Erythrocyte 红血球sticky patch 粘性小区therapeutic治疗的Collagen胶原蛋白Skin皮肤Bone骨骼Tendon腱Cartilage软骨blood vessel血管mammal哺乳动物fibrous纤维状的tripeptide 三肽的triple-helical 三股螺旋的cross-linke 交联Allysine 醛基赖氨酸Antibodie 抗体immune system 免疫系统pathogen 病原体trigger 引发、触发response 响应、应答antigen 抗原antigenic determine 抗原决定簇epitope 抗原决定簇Immunolocalization 免疫定位Antibody 抗体Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISA 酶联免疫吸附测定 purification 提纯、纯化Homogenization 匀浆solubilization 溶解Ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵Precipitation 沉淀Dialysis 透析Chromatographic techniques 层析技术gel filtration 凝胶过滤affinity chromatography 亲和层析 Electrophoretic techniques 电泳技术isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦SDS polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresisSDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳semi-permeable 半透性ligand 配基inert 惰性的matrix 基质elute 洗出、流出lectin 外源凝集素glycoprotein 糖蛋白molecular sieve 分子筛polyampholytes 聚两性电解质gradient 梯度migrate 迁移、移动chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶sequencing 测序2-mercaptoethanol ２－巯基乙醇ninhydrin 茚三酮fluorescamine 荧光胺fluorodinitrobenzene 二硝基氟苯dansyl chloride 丹磺酰氯phenyl isothiocyanate PITC 苯异硫氰酸酯fragment 片断、碎片encoding 编码decipher 解读、破译anchor 锚定 第三章biocatalyst 生物催化剂active site 活性中心substrate 底物The induced –fit model 诱导契合学说Stereospecificity 立体异构专一性Specificity 专一性Trypsin 胰蛋白酶Elastase 弹性蛋白酶Oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶Transferase 转移酶Hydrolase水解酶 Lyase裂合酶 Isomerase异构酶 Ligase连接酶 Ribozyme 核酶Abzyme 抗体酶catalytic antibody 抗体酶analog 类似物assay 化验、测定 optimal 最佳的Coenzyme 辅酶Cofactor 辅因子apoenzyme 脱辅酶holoenzyme 全酶acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶Nicotinamide 烟酰胺Adenine 腺嘌呤Dinucleotide 二核苷酸Phosphate 磷酸Oxidation 氧化reduction 还原Flavin 黄素Mononucleotide 单核苷酸Acyl 酰基thiamine pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素decarboxylase 脱羧酶Pyridoxal 吡哆醛Pyridoxamine 吡哆胺Pyridoxine 吡哆醇Ubiquinone 泛醌Isoenzymes 同功酶Kinetic 动力学lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶proportional 成比例的saturate 使饱和thermal 热的denaturation 变性optimum 最适宜的diversity 多样性Michaelis-Menten equation 米氏方程double-reciprocal plot 双倒数作图法inhibition 抑制Inhibitor 抑制剂Metabolite 代谢物Irreversible 不可逆的Reversible 可逆的Competitive 竞争性的Noncompetitive 非竞争性的Probe 探测Clinically 临床上Regulation 调节committed step 关键步骤activator 激活剂Adjust 调节Feedback 反馈Sequential 连续的Branched 分支的Conformational 构象的homotropic effect 同促效应heterotropic effect 异促效应Phosphofructokinase 磷酸果糖激酶Citrate 柠檬酸盐Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate 2,6-二磷酸果糖phosphorylation 磷酸化dephosphorylation 去磷酸化hydroxyl 羟基hormone 激素Glycogen phosphorylase 糖原磷酸化酶Phosphorylate 使磷酸化glycogen synthase 糖原合酶unphosphorylate 使去磷酸化proteolytic 蛋白质水解的proenzymes 酶原zymogen 酶原hydrolysis 水解pancreatic 胰腺的pancreas 胰腺small intestine 小肠blood clotting 血液凝固amplification 扩大cascade 级联 第四章boundary 边界compartments 小室Mechanical 机械的signaling 发信号insoluble 不可溶的glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂类sphingolipids 鞘脂类sterols 固醇类glycerol 甘油sphingosine 鞘氨醇sphingomyelins 鞘磷脂cholesterol 胆固醇steroid 类固醇Amphipathic 两性的Hydrophilic 亲水的Bulky 体积大的self-assemble 自组装的fluidity 流动性rotational 转动的lateral 侧向的Fluid mosaic model 流体镶嵌模型Integral 整体的、内在的Flip 翻跟头integral membrane proteins 内在膜蛋白peripheral membrane proteins外周膜蛋白asymmetry 不对称asymmetrically 不对称地membrane-spaning protein 跨膜蛋白Multiple 多重的Lipid-anchored proteins 脂锚定蛋白Heterokaryon 异核体Fusion 融合Reconstitution 重建Reincorporated 重新合并Extracellular 细胞外的Intercellular 细胞内的Passive transport 被动运输active transport 主动运输concentration 浓度diffusion 扩散saturable 可饱和的facilitated 协助的、推动的symport 同向运送antiport 逆向运送epithelial cells 上皮细胞exocytosis 分泌作用endocytosis 内吞作用phagocytosis 吞噬作用pinocytosis 胞饮作用Receptor mediated endocytosis fusion受体介导的内吞作用debris 碎片transduction 转导Lipophilic 亲脂性的Receptors 受体second messengers 第二信使第五章Nucleic acid 核酸Replication 复制Nucleotide 核苷酸Pyrimidine 嘧啶Guanine 鸟嘌呤Thymine 胸腺嘧啶Cytosine 胞嘧啶Nucleoside 核苷Deoxyribonucleoside 脱氧核糖核苷ribonucleoside 核糖核苷deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸genes 基因complementarily 互补地nucleosome 核小体loop 突环rosette 玫瑰花结semi-conservative 半保留的polymerase 聚合酶template 模板primer 引物fork 叉Bidirectional 双向的Okazaki fragments 冈崎片段semi-discontinuous 半不连续的strand 链、一股hybridization 杂交melting temperature 熔融温度renaturation 复性labeled 标记的fluorescent 荧光的tag 标记、标签annealing 退火amplify 增强、扩大The central dogma 中心法则Transcription 转录initiation 起始Elongation 延伸termination 终止promoters 启动子palindrome 回文结构processing 加工splicing 拼接reverse transcription 逆转录第六章genetic code 遗传密码intermediate 中间的、媒介codons 密码子unambiguous 明确的correspond 相应、符合degenerate 简并的mutation 变异incorporation 合并nonoverlapping 不相重叠的reading frames 阅读框aminoacyl-tRNA 氨酰-tRNApeptidyl-tRNA 肽酰-tRNAstem 茎、干、臂anticodon 反密码子translocation 移位第七章metabolism 代谢Saccharides 糖类monosaccharides 单糖aldehyde group 醛基ketone group 酮基Stereoisomers 立体异构体Oligosaccharides 寡糖Glycosidic bond 糖苷键Polysaccharides 多糖Starch 淀粉Cellulose 纤维素Dextran 葡聚糖Amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉Glycolysis 糖酵解Cytoplasm 细胞质Glucose 葡萄糖Galactose 半乳糖Mannose 甘露糖Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Lactose 乳糖Hexokinase 己糖激酶Fructose 果糖Phosphoglucoisomerase 磷酸葡萄糖变位酶Bisphosphate 二磷酸glyceraldehydes 甘油醛dihydroxyacetone 二羟丙酮aldolase 醛缩酶triose 丙糖1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 1,3 二磷酸甘油酸dehydrogenase 脱氢酶3-phosphoglycerate 3-磷酸甘油酸kinase 激酶mutase 变位酶phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolase 烯醇化酶pyruvate 丙酮酸Gluconeogenesis 糖异生Noncarbhydrate 非糖的Liver 肝脏skeletal muscle 骨骼肌phosphorylase 磷酸化酶Phosphorolysis 磷酸化pyrophosphorylase 焦磷酸化酶glucosyl 葡萄糖基nonreducing end 非还原端Epinephrine 肾上腺素glucagon 胰高血糖素Insulin 胰岛素第八章fatty acid 脂肪酸hydrocarbon 烃、碳氢化合物carboxylic acid 羧酸Unsaturated 不饱和的Triacylglycerol 三酰甘油Acetyl 乙酰基Thioester 硫酯Carnitine 肉(毒)碱Hydration 水合作用Thiolysis 硫解Consume 消耗ketone bodies 酮体acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸D-3-hydroxybutyrate D-3-羟基丁酸Acetone 丙酮diabetes 糖尿病toxic 有毒的lethal 致命的multifunctional 多功能的malonyl 丙二酰基carboxylation 羧化condensation 缩合acetoacetyl 乙酰乙酰基hydroxybutyryl 羟丁酰基crotonyl 丁烯酰基butyryl 丁酰基hydrolyzation 水解作用palmitoyl 软脂酰基palmitate 软脂酸lipoproteins 脂蛋白globular 球状的micelle 胶束、微囊第九章Respiration 呼吸作用citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环、三羧酸循环concomitant 伴随的isocitrate 异柠檬酸酸盐α-ketoglutarate α-酮戊二酸succinate 琥珀酸盐succinyl 琥珀酰基fumarate 延胡索酸盐malate 苹果酸盐oxaloacetate 草酰乙酸盐cytochrome 细胞色素oxidase 氧化酶reductase 还原酶Rotatory 旋转的engine 发动机第十章Nitrogen 氮Diet 常吃的食物Erythrose 赤藓糖Ribose 核糖Transamination 转氨基作用Deamination 脱氨基作用Transdeamination 联合脱氨基作用Ammonia 氨Excrete 排泄Aquatic 水生uric acid 尿酸terrestrial 陆生的reptile 爬行动物urea 尿素vertebrates 脊椎动物ornithine 鸟氨酸arginine 精氨酸citrullin 瓜氨酸permanently 不变地。

akin：类似的assimilate：吸收，同化approximation：近似数calorimeter 热量计catalyze 催化coil : 盘绕collective：集体的，共同的combustionn.燃烧complementarity：补充composition：成分，合成物coalesce：联合denaturation：变性【作用】derivative：衍生物dimension：方面dipole：偶极discern : 看出，辨出discrete：分离的dissociable：可分离的dramatically 戏剧性地eubacteria…菌落(不确定: a large group of bacteria characterized by a rigid cell wall and, in motile types, flagella; the true bacteria)entropy：熵enhance：增强entity：实质性物质evolution：进化论fluctuate：波动harmoniously 和谐地hamper：阻碍hierarchy：等级制度hydrophobic:疏水的induce：促使instantaneous：瞬间的infinity：无穷integrated 综合的intricate : 错综复杂的interior：内部interplay：（v，n）相互影响;相互作用ligand:配位体，配基linear 线的直线的merit：值得metabolite：代谢物metabolism：新陈代谢neat：安排有序的oxidative 具有氧化性的phase：相phosphorus：含3价磷的pinnacle : 尖顶polarity：（性质）相反polymerization：聚合作用prevalence：普遍，盛行precursor：前体profound：深的，极度的randomly：随机的render：致使scheme n.计划安排v.计划安排spontaneous：自发的sulfur：硫磺subcellular：亚细胞的symmetrical：对称的tetrahedra shape：四面体结构thermal：热量按首字母顺序排列，已查完第19页。

单词表第一章Prokaryote 原核生物Eukaryote 真核生物fractionation 分级、分馏biomolecule 生物分子organism 生物体、有机体membrane 膜nucleus 细胞核cocci 球菌bacilli 杆菌spirilla 螺旋菌Eubacteria 真细菌Archaebacteria 原细菌Gram-positive 革兰氏阳性菌Gram negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Cyanobacteria 蓝细菌Plasma 细胞浆Mesosome 间体Nuleoid 拟核Sytosol 细胞质、原生质Bilayer 双分子层（膜）Protein 蛋白质Lipid 脂类Carbohydrate 糖类、碳水化合物osmotic pressure 渗透压Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Subcellular 亚细胞的Ganelle 细胞器Genetic 遗传的Chromosome 染色体ribosomal ribonucleic acid rRNA Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Phospholipid 磷脂Detoxification 解毒Golgi apparatus 高尔基体Refresh 更新Mitochondria 线粒体oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化fatty acid 脂肪酸degradation 降解Chloroplasts 叶绿体thylakoid vesicles 类囊体photosynthesis 光合作用Lysosomes 溶酶体Macromolecule 大分子Enzyme 酶Cytoskeleton 细胞支架Metabolic 新陈代谢的Centrifugation 离心Isolate 分离Equilibrium 平衡Density 密度Friction 摩擦力Velocity 速率Supernatant 上清夜Pellet 沉淀第二章Amino acid 氨基酸Enantiomers 对映体Tetrahedral 正四面体的Hydrophobic 疏水的、憎水的Aliphatic 脂肪族的Aromatic 芳香族的Polar 极性的Charged 带电荷的Glycine Gly,甘氨酸alanine Ala,丙氨酸valine Val,缬氨酸leucine Leu,亮氨酸isoleucine Ile,异亮氨酸methionine Met,甲硫氨酸proline Pro,脯氨酸cystine Cys,半胱氨酸Phenylalanine Phe,苯丙氨酸Tyrosine Tyr,酪氨酸Tryptophan Trp,色氨酸Asparagines Asn, 天冬酰胺Glutamine Gln,谷氨酰胺Serine Ser,丝氨酸Threonine Thr,苏氨酸Varginine Arg, 精氨酸Lysine Lys,赖氨酸Histidine His,组氨酸aspartic acid Asp,天冬氨酸glutamic acid Glu,谷氨酸base 碱carboxyl 羧基isoelectric point 等电点positive 正的、阳性的negative 负的、阴性的buffering 缓冲physiological 生理的Primary structure 一级结构Secondary structure 二级结构Tertiary structure 三级结构Quaternary structure 四级结构peptide bond 肽键sequence 顺序、序列covalent Bond 共价键polypeptide 多肽terminal 末端carbonyl 羰基resonance structures 共振结构rigid 刚性的rotate 旋转trans configuration 顺式构象disulfide bonds 二硫键α-helix α-落选hydrogen bond 氢键β-pleated sheet β-折叠片parallel 平行的antiparallel 反平行的random coil 无规卷曲unique 唯一的spatial 空间的arrangement 排列、安排linear sequence 线性序列residue 残基Hydrophobic interaction疏水相互作用Interior 内部的Electrostatic force 静电力salt bridge 盐桥、盐键van der Waals force 范德华力subunit 亚基allosteric effect 变构效应Noncovalent interactions 非共价相互作用protein stability 蛋白质的稳定dimensional 空间的、维的proton 质子donor 供体、赠与者lone pair of electrons 孤对电子collinear 在同一直线上Hydrophobic force 疏水力Nonpolar 非极性Minimize 最小化protein folding 蛋白质折叠Accessory protein 辅助蛋白质molecular chaperones 分子伴侣Myoglobin 肌红蛋白Hemoglobin 血红蛋白prosthetic group 辅基essential 必需的heme 血红素crevice 缝隙protoporphyrin 原卟啉porphyrin 卟啉ferrous 含铁的proximal 最接近的cooperative 协同的noncooperative 非协同的dissociation curve 解离曲线sigmoidal S形曲线hyperbolic 双曲线affinity 亲和性blood capillaries 血管Bohr effect 波尔效应2,3-biphosphoglycerate 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸Mechanism 机制Relaxed state 松弛状态tense state 紧张状态hemoglobinopathies 血红蛋白分子病Sickle-cell anemia 镰刀形细胞贫血症Erythrocyte 红血球sticky patch 粘性小区therapeutic 治疗的Collagen 胶原蛋白Skin 皮肤Bone 骨骼Tendon 腱Cartilage 软骨blood vessel 血管mammal 哺乳动物fibrous 纤维状的tripeptide 三肽的triple-helical 三股螺旋的cross-linke 交联Allysine 醛基赖氨酸Antibodie 抗体immune system 免疫系统pathogen 病原体trigger 引发、触发response 响应、应答antigen 抗原antigenic determine 抗原决定簇epitope 抗原决定簇Immunolocalization 免疫定位Antibody 抗体Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISA酶联免疫吸附测定purification 提纯、纯化Homogenization 匀浆solubilization 溶解Ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵Precipitation 沉淀Dialysis 透析Chromatographic techniques 层析技术gel filtration 凝胶过滤affinity chromatography 亲和层析Electrophoretic techniques 电泳技术isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦SDS polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresisSDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳semi-permeable 半透性ligand 配基inert 惰性的matrix 基质elute 洗出、流出lectin 外源凝集素glycoprotein 糖蛋白molecular sieve 分子筛polyampholytes 聚两性电解质gradient 梯度migrate 迁移、移动chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶sequencing 测序2-mercaptoethanol ２－巯基乙醇ninhydrin 茚三酮fluorescamine 荧光胺fluorodinitrobenzene 二硝基氟苯dansyl chloride 丹磺酰氯phenyl isothiocyanate PITC苯异硫氰酸酯fragment 片断、碎片encoding 编码decipher 解读、破译anchor 锚定第三章biocatalyst 生物催化剂active site 活性中心substrate 底物The induced –fit model 诱导契合学说Stereospecificity 立体异构专一性Specificity 专一性Trypsin 胰蛋白酶Elastase 弹性蛋白酶Oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶Transferase 转移酶Hydrolase 水解酶Lyase 裂合酶Isomerase 异构酶Ligase 连接酶Ribozyme 核酶Abzyme 抗体酶catalytic antibody 抗体酶analog 类似物assay 化验、测定optimal 最佳的Coenzyme 辅酶Cofactor 辅因子apoenzyme 脱辅酶holoenzyme 全酶acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶Nicotinamide 烟酰胺Adenine 腺嘌呤Dinucleotide 二核苷酸Phosphate 磷酸Oxidation 氧化reduction 还原Flavin 黄素Mononucleotide 单核苷酸Acyl 酰基thiamine pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素decarboxylase 脱羧酶Pyridoxal 吡哆醛Pyridoxamine 吡哆胺Pyridoxine 吡哆醇Ubiquinone 泛醌Isoenzymes 同功酶Kinetic 动力学lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶proportional 成比例的saturate 使饱和thermal 热的denaturation 变性optimum 最适宜的diversity 多样性Michaelis-Menten equation 米氏方程double-reciprocal plot 双倒数作图法inhibition 抑制Inhibitor 抑制剂Metabolite 代谢物Irreversible 不可逆的Reversible 可逆的Competitive 竞争性的Noncompetitive 非竞争性的Probe 探测Clinically 临床上Regulation 调节committed step 关键步骤activator 激活剂Adjust 调节Feedback 反馈Sequential 连续的Branched 分支的Conformational 构象的homotropic effect 同促效应heterotropic effect 异促效应Phosphofructokinase 磷酸果糖激酶Citrate 柠檬酸盐Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate 2,6-二磷酸果糖phosphorylation 磷酸化dephosphorylation 去磷酸化hydroxyl 羟基hormone 激素Glycogen phosphorylase 糖原磷酸化酶Phosphorylate 使磷酸化glycogen synthase 糖原合酶unphosphorylate 使去磷酸化proteolytic 蛋白质水解的proenzymes 酶原zymogen 酶原hydrolysis 水解pancreatic 胰腺的pancreas 胰腺small intestine 小肠blood clotting 血液凝固amplification 扩大cascade 级联第四章boundary 边界compartments 小室Mechanical 机械的signaling 发信号insoluble 不可溶的glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂类sphingolipids 鞘脂类sterols 固醇类glycerol 甘油sphingosine 鞘氨醇sphingomyelins 鞘磷脂cholesterol 胆固醇steroid 类固醇Amphipathic 两性的Hydrophilic 亲水的Bulky 体积大的self-assemble 自组装的fluidity 流动性rotational 转动的lateral 侧向的Fluid mosaic model 流体镶嵌模型Integral 整体的、内在的Flip 翻跟头integral membrane proteins 内在膜蛋白peripheral membrane proteins外周膜蛋白asymmetry 不对称asymmetrically 不对称地membrane-spaning protein 跨膜蛋白Multiple 多重的Lipid-anchored proteins 脂锚定蛋白Heterokaryon 异核体Fusion 融合Reconstitution 重建Reincorporated 重新合并Extracellular 细胞外的Intercellular 细胞内的Passive transport 被动运输active transport 主动运输concentration 浓度diffusion 扩散saturable 可饱和的facilitated 协助的、推动的symport 同向运送antiport 逆向运送epithelial cells 上皮细胞exocytosis 分泌作用endocytosis 内吞作用phagocytosis 吞噬作用pinocytosis 胞饮作用Receptor mediated endocytosis fusion受体介导的内吞作用debris 碎片transduction 转导Lipophilic 亲脂性的Receptors 受体second messengers 第二信使第五章Nucleic acid 核酸Replication 复制Nucleotide 核苷酸Pyrimidine 嘧啶Guanine 鸟嘌呤Thymine 胸腺嘧啶Cytosine 胞嘧啶Nucleoside 核苷Deoxyribonucleoside 脱氧核糖核苷ribonucleoside 核糖核苷deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸genes 基因complementarily 互补地nucleosome 核小体loop 突环rosette 玫瑰花结semi-conservative 半保留的polymerase 聚合酶template 模板primer 引物fork 叉Bidirectional 双向的Okazaki fragments 冈崎片段semi-discontinuous 半不连续的strand 链、一股hybridization 杂交melting temperature 熔融温度renaturation 复性labeled 标记的fluorescent 荧光的tag 标记、标签annealing 退火amplify 增强、扩大The central dogma 中心法则Transcription 转录initiation 起始Elongation 延伸termination 终止promoters 启动子palindrome 回文结构processing 加工splicing 拼接reverse transcription 逆转录第六章genetic code 遗传密码intermediate 中间的、媒介codons 密码子unambiguous 明确的correspond 相应、符合degenerate 简并的mutation 变异incorporation 合并nonoverlapping 不相重叠的reading frames 阅读框aminoacyl-tRNA 氨酰-tRNA peptidyl-tRNA 肽酰-tRNA stem 茎、干、臂anticodon 反密码子translocation 移位第七章metabolism 代谢Saccharides 糖类monosaccharides 单糖aldehyde group 醛基ketone group 酮基Stereoisomers 立体异构体Oligosaccharides 寡糖Glycosidic bond 糖苷键Polysaccharides 多糖Starch 淀粉Cellulose 纤维素Dextran 葡聚糖Amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉Glycolysis 糖酵解Cytoplasm 细胞质Glucose 葡萄糖Galactose 半乳糖Mannose 甘露糖Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Lactose 乳糖Hexokinase 己糖激酶Fructose 果糖Phosphoglucoisomerase 磷酸葡萄糖变位酶Bisphosphate 二磷酸glyceraldehydes 甘油醛dihydroxyacetone 二羟丙酮aldolase 醛缩酶triose 丙糖1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 1,3 二磷酸甘油酸dehydrogenase 脱氢酶3-phosphoglycerate 3-磷酸甘油酸kinase 激酶mutase 变位酶phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolase 烯醇化酶pyruvate 丙酮酸Gluconeogenesis 糖异生Noncarbhydrate 非糖的Liver 肝脏skeletal muscle 骨骼肌phosphorylase 磷酸化酶Phosphorolysis 磷酸化pyrophosphorylase 焦磷酸化酶glucosyl 葡萄糖基nonreducing end 非还原端Epinephrine 肾上腺素glucagon 胰高血糖素Insulin 胰岛素第八章fatty acid 脂肪酸hydrocarbon 烃、碳氢化合物carboxylic acid 羧酸Unsaturated 不饱和的Triacylglycerol 三酰甘油Acetyl 乙酰基Thioester 硫酯Carnitine 肉(毒)碱Hydration 水合作用Thiolysis 硫解Consume 消耗ketone bodies 酮体acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸D-3-hydroxybutyrate D-3-羟基丁酸Acetone 丙酮diabetes 糖尿病toxic 有毒的lethal 致命的multifunctional 多功能的malonyl 丙二酰基carboxylation 羧化condensation 缩合acetoacetyl 乙酰乙酰基hydroxybutyryl 羟丁酰基crotonyl 丁烯酰基butyryl 丁酰基hydrolyzation 水解作用palmitoyl 软脂酰基palmitate 软脂酸lipoproteins 脂蛋白globular 球状的micelle 胶束、微囊第九章Respiration 呼吸作用citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环、三羧酸循环concomitant 伴随的isocitrate 异柠檬酸酸盐α-ketoglutarateα-酮戊二酸succinate 琥珀酸盐succinyl 琥珀酰基fumarate 延胡索酸盐malate 苹果酸盐oxaloacetate 草酰乙酸盐cytochrome 细胞色素oxidase 氧化酶reductase 还原酶Rotatory 旋转的engine 发动机第十章Nitrogen 氮Diet 常吃的食物Erythrose 赤藓糖Ribose 核糖Transamination 转氨基作用Deamination 脱氨基作用Transdeamination 联合脱氨基作用Ammonia 氨Excrete 排泄Aquatic 水生uric acid 尿酸terrestrial 陆生的reptile 爬行动物urea 尿素vertebrates 脊椎动物ornithine 鸟氨酸arginine 精氨酸citrullin 瓜氨酸permanently 不变地。