常用前缀
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常用前缀、后缀Prefixes and suffixesanti- against,opposite反(对)war(战争)—antiwar(反战的)missile(导弹)—antimissile (反导弹的)auto- of or by one)的stop(停止)— autostop(自动停止)criticism(批评)— autocriticism(自我批评)be- cause to be or have 使,有friend(朋友)— befriend (以朋友态度对待)little(小)— belittle(贬低)bi- two,twice,double二,双,两倍party(政党)—biparty(两党的)ped(足)— biped(二足动物)bio- 1ife 生命,生物chemistry(化学)— biochemistry(生物化学)sphere(范围)— biosphere(生物圈)centi- hundredth part 百分之一meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)grade(度)—centigrade(百分度的)co- with,together 共同,(和…)一起author(作者)—coauthor(合著者)exist(存在)—coexist(共存)con- with,together 共同,(和…)一起join(参加)—conjoin(联合)centric(中心的)—concentric(同中心的)col- (用在字母l的前面)location(位置)—collocation(并置)collect 收集com- (用在字母m, b, p的前面)passion(激情)—compassion(同情)combine 结合,联合cor- (用在字母r的前面)relation(关系)—correlation(相互关系)correct 改正contra- opposite 反对,相反,相对contradiction矛盾missile(导弹)—contramissile(反弹道导弹度)natural(自然的)—contranatural(违反自然的)counter- opposite 反对,相反,相对act(起作用)—counteract对…起反作用attack(攻击)—counterattack(反攻)de- showing an opposite,to removeto reduce 非,相反,除去,减少code(密码)—decode(解码)value(价值)—devalue(使贬值)dis- not,the opposite of 否定,相反agree(同意)—disagree(反对)honest(诚实的)—dishonest(不诚实的)e- , ef- out 出,外(ex-的变异形式)lect(选)—elect(选举)ject(投,掷)—eject(驱逐;喷射;弹出)fect(做)—effect 结果,效果en-, em- cause to become,put into thestated condition 使成为,使处于…状态large(大的)—enlarge(扩大)body(身体)—embody(体现)ex- 1. out 出,外2.former 以前的,前任的exit 出口minister(部长)—ex-minister(前任部长)wife(妻子)—ex-wife(前妻)extra- outside,beyond超出,在…之外ordinary(普通的)—extraordinary(非常的)vert(转)—extravert 性格外向的人fore- in advance,before,in or atthe front 预先,前,在前面的see(看)—foresee(预见)leg(腿)—foreleg(前腿)in-, i1-, im- , ir- not 不,非,无(字母l前用il-;字母m, b, p前用im-;字母r前用ir-)direct(直接的)—indirect(间接的)infant婴儿legal(合法的)—illegal(非法的)balance(平衡)—imbalance(不平衡)moral(道德的)—immoral(不道德的)possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)regular(规则的)—irregular(不规则的)in- in, into 内,向内door(门)—indoor(室内的)inter- between,among互相,在…之间national(国家的)—international(国际的)intra- inside, within 在之内city(城市)—intracity(市内的)kilo- thousand千gram(克)—kilogram(千克,公斤)meter(米)—kilometer(千米)macro- large 大的,宏观的economics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)micro- extremely small 极小的computer(计算机)—microcomputer(微型计算机)microscope 显微镜mal- bad, badly 坏,不良,不当function(功能)—malfunction(机能障碍)treat(对待)—maltreat(虐待)mid- middle 中间day(昼,白天)—midday(中午)night(夜晚)—midnight(午夜)mini- small,short 极小的,极短的bus(公共汽车)—minibus(小汽车)skirt(裙子)—miniskirt(超短裙)mis- bad,badly 坏,不当understand(理解)—misunderstand(误解)lead(引导)—mislead(使误入歧途)mono- one, single 单,一log(说)—monologue(独白)tone(音调)—monotone单调multi- many, more than one 多national(国家的)—multinational (多国的)non- not 不,非,无metal(金属)—non-metal (非金属)governmental(政府的)—non-governmental(非政府的)out- outside,beyond 超越,超过,胜过;在[向]外(的)live(生活)—outlive(比…活得长)number(数量)—outnumber (在数量上超过)door(门)—outdoor(户外的)over- too much,above,additional过分,在…上面,额外的head(头)—overhead(在头顶上的)population(人口)—overpopulation(人口过剩)time(时间)—overtime(加班)poly- many 多gene(基因)—polygene(多基因)centric(中心)—polycentric (多中心的)post- later than,after 在…之后graduate(有学士学位的)—postgraduate(研究生的)war(战争)—postwar(战后的)pre- before,in advance 在…之前,预先view(观看)—preview(预演)dict(说)—predict(预言)pseudo- not real,false 假,伪memory(记忆)—pseudomemory(记忆错误)science(科学)—pseudoscience (伪科学)re- again,back to a former state再,回复view(看)—review(复习)call(叫,呼唤)—recall(回忆起,叫回)semi- half,partly 半,部分的circle(圆)—semicircle(半圆)final(决赛)—semifinal(半决赛)sub- under,below,less important在…下,低于,次于…的marine(海洋的)—submarine(海底的;潜水艇)way(路)—subway(地铁)super- greater or more than, above,beyond or over 超级,超过;在…之上market(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)natural(自然的)—supernatural(超自然的)vis(看)—supervise(监督)tele- at or over a long distance,by or for television 远(距离),由(或为)电视vis(看)—television(电视)screen(屏幕)—telescreen(电视屏幕)therm-, thermo- heat热chemistry(化学)—thermochemistry(热化学)meter(仪表)—thermometer(温度计)trans- across,on or to the other side of 横越Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(横越大西洋的)plant(种植)—transplant(移植)tri- three 三angle(角)—triangle(三角形)cycle(圆圈)—tricycle(三轮摩托车)ultra- beyond,very,too 超过,极度的high(高的)—ultrahigh(超高的)sound(声音)—ultrasound(超声)un- not 不,非fortunately(幸运地)—unfortunately(不幸地)usual(平常的)—unusual(不平常的)under- too little,below 过少,在…下面development(发展)—underdevelopment(欠发达)sea(海)—undersea(海底的)uni- one,single 单,一form(形式)—uniform(制服)sex(性别)—unisex(不分男女的)vice- next in rank below 副,次,代理week –变→时间变化→新的一周开始president(总统)—vice-president(副总统)chairman(主席)—vice-chairman(副主席)二、常用后缀Suffix1、名词后缀-ability, -ibilityable(能够的)—ability(能力)possible(可能的)—possibility (可能性)-agepost(邮政)—postage(邮资)shrink(收缩)—shrinkage(收缩)-alarrive(到达)—arrival(到达)refuse(拒绝)—refusal(拒绝)-an, -ian, -arianhumane(人道的)—humanitarian(人道主义者)library(图书馆)—librarian(图书管理员)music(音乐)—musician(音乐家)-ance, -encyappear(出现)—appearance(出现)refer(参考)—reference(参考)-ancy, encyemerge(出现)—emergency (紧急情况)expect(期待)—expectancy(期待)-ant, -entserve(服务)—servant(仆人)study(学习)—student(学生)-cyaccurate(准确的)—accuracy(准确性)bankrupt(破产的)—bankruptcy(破产)-domfree(自由的)—freedom(自由)king(国王)—kingdom(王国)-eeemploy(雇用)—employee(雇员)absent(缺席)—absentee (缺席者)-er, -or, -arlead(指引)—leader(领袖)conduct(传导)—conductor(导体)beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐)-erybrave(勇敢的)—bravery(勇敢)cook(烹调)—cookery(烹饪法)nurse(照料)—nursery(托儿所)-eseChina(中国)—Chinese(汉语,中国人)Japan(日本)—Japanese(日语,日本人)-essactor(演员)—actress(女演员)lion(狮子)—lioness(母狮)-fulhand(手)—handful(一把的量)spoon(匙)—spoonful(一匙的量)-hoodchild(孩子)—childhood(童年)neighbor(邻居)—neighborhood(邻近地区)-icselectron(电子)—electronics(电子学)linguist(语言学家)—linguistics(语言学)-ion, -ition, -ationcollect(收集)—collection(收集)compose(创作)—composition(作文)observe(观察)—observation(观察)-ismhero(英雄)—heroism(英雄主义)social(社会的)—socialism(社会主义)-istsocial(社会的)—socialist (社会主义者)art(艺术)—artist(艺术家)-ity, -tycruel(残忍的)—cruelty(残忍)pure(纯的)—purity(纯净)-mentmove(运动)—movement(运动)apart(分离的)—apartment(一套公寓房间)govern(统治)—government(政府)-nessdark(黑暗的)—darkness(黑暗)happy(幸福的)—happiness (幸福)-ology, -logybio(生物)—biology(生物学)climate(气候)—climatology(气候学)-shipfriend(朋友)—friendship(友谊)member(会员)—membership (会员身份)-siondecide(决定)—decision(决定)conclude(结束)—conclusion (结论)-urefail(失败)—failure(失败)pict(标记)—picture(画)2、动词后缀-endeep(深的)—deepen(加深)fast(牢固的)—fasten(扎牢)-ifyclass(种类)—classify(分类)simple(简单的)—simplify(简化)-ize, -isemodern(现代的)—modernize/-ise(使现代化)popular(流行的)—popularize/-ise (普及)3、形容词后缀-able, -iblesuit(适合)—suitable(合适的)horror(恐怖)—horrible(可怕的)-alcentre(中心)—central(中心的)nature(自然)—natural(自然的)-an, -arian, -ianElizabeth(伊丽莎白)—Elizabethan(伊丽莎白的)Christ(耶酥)—Christian(基督徒的)vegetable(蔬菜)—vegetarian(素食者的,吃素的)-ant, -entdiffer(不同)—different(不同的)insist(坚持)—insistent(不断的)-ary, -oryelement(成分,要素)—elementary(基础的)contradict(与…相反)—contradictory(相反的,矛盾的)-ateconsider(考虑)—considerate (考虑周到的)fortune(运气)—fortunate(幸运的)-enwood(木头)—wooden(木头的)wool(羊毛)—woolen(羊毛的)-eseChina(中国)—Chinese(中国的)Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的)-freecare(忧虑)—carefree(无忧无虑的)ticket(票)—ticketfree(不用票的)-fulbeauty(美))—beautiful(美丽的)shame(羞耻)—shameful(可耻的)hope(希望)—hopeful(有希望的)use(用)—useful(有用的)-ic, -icalalcohol(酒精)—alcoholic(酗酒的)music(音乐)—musical(音乐的)-ishfool(傻瓜)—foolish(愚蠢的)red(红色)—reddish(微红的)-ivedecide(决定)—decisive(果断的)create(创造)—creative(有创造力的)-lesshelp(帮助)—helpless(无助的)job(工作)—jobless(失业的)-likechild(孩子)—childlike(孩子般的)lady(贵妇)—ladylike(贵妇般的)-lyday(白天,日子)—daily(每日的,日常的)man(男人)—manly(有男子气概的)-ous, -iousdanger(危险)—dangerous(危险的)space(空间)—spacious(宽敞的)-somequarrel(吵架)—quarrelsome(喜欢吵架的)trouble(烦恼)—troublesome使人烦恼的)-warddown(向下)—downward(向下的)home(家)—homeward(回家的)-yhair(毛发)—hairy(多毛的)noise(喧闹声)—noisy(喧闹的)4、副词后缀-lyhappy(快乐的)—happily快乐地-ward, -wardseast(东)—eastward(s)(向东地)up(向上)—upward(s)(向上地)-wiselike(像)—likewise(同样地)other(其他)—otherwise(在其他方面)一、常用的15个(组)前缀1、re-表示:1)再,回复:review(复习)2)回,向后:return返回3)相反,反对:resist 抵抗,反抗2、con- , com- 系列还包括col-, cor-, co- ,表示:共同,(和…)一起;全;加强或引申意义condition 状况,条件conference会议com- (用在字母m, b, p的前面),共同,(和…)一起compare比较combine结合,联合col- (用在字母l的前面)collect 收集cor- (用在字母r的前面)correct改正co- 是com-, con-的缩略形式cost成本,价值,代价author(作者)—coauthor(合著者)3、ad- 系列变体包括a-, ac-, ap-, af-, ag-, as-, at-等,其中ad-, ac-, ap-出现在个以上的词中,表示:(运动的)方向、变化、添加;附近、邻近addition加,加法admit 承认,准许…进入accident事故affect 影响aggressive侵略的appoint 确定,任命arrive到达assist帮助attend到场,出席,参加available可用的;可购得的4、de-表示:1)非,相反,除去,取消destroy破坏detective侦探desperate 绝望的2)向下decline下降,减少(de-下)decrease减少3)离开,脱离departure离开,出发decide决定4)完全demand要求deliberately故意地5、dis-表示:1)否定,相反,不disagree不同意dislike 不喜欢discover 发现disadvantage 不利2)取消,除去,剥夺;分离,分开,散discourage使泄气discount折扣dismiss解雇,解散distribute分发,分配district区6、ex-系列包括ex- 的变异形式e- , ef- ,表示:出,外exit 出口,安全门export出口(物)express表达elect选举effect 结果,效果;作用,影响evident 明显的7、in-系列包括im-, i1- 等,表示:1)不,非,无(字母l前用il-;字母m, b, p前用im-;字母r前用ir-)independent独立的impossible不可能的illegal非法的2)内,向内income收入import进口8、en-,em- 系列表示:1)使,使成为,使处于…状态enlarge扩大encourage鼓励embody体现emperor皇帝2)入,内,在…之内envelope信封employ雇用,使用9、pro-表示:前,向前,在前面progress 进步process进程,过程program节目10、pre-表示:前,在…之前,预先preview预演predict预言president总统,主席prevent 防止11、un-表示:不,无,非,未unable不能的uncertain不确定的uncomfortable不舒服的unfair不公平的unusual不寻常的unconditional无条件的unemployment失业12、ab-表示:脱离,偏离,离开abuse滥用abnormal 反常的abolish彻底废除absent缺席的13、sub-系列包括suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sus- 等,表示:下,在下,后边,低于,次于…的subscribe订阅,订购subway地铁success成功suffer遭受,蒙受suggest建议support支持suspension暂停,中止14、inter-表示:互相,在…之间international国际的15、out-表示:在[向]外(的);超越,超过,胜过outdoor户外的outnumber在数量上超过二、常用的25个后缀1、-er名词后缀表示:1)人teacher 教师worker工人2)物computer计算机cooker 炊具2、-al(1)、形容词后缀表示:…的、具有…性质的、如…的national国家的final最后的(2)、名词后缀表示:1)…的动作,…的过程arrival到达trial审判;试验2)人criminal 罪犯3)物animal 动物metal金属signal信号3、-ion名词后缀表示:行为、过程、行为(或过程)的结果、状态、情况action行动expression表达decision决定suggestion建议4、-y(1)、形容词后缀表示:充满…的、多…的、如…的、属于…的、有…的cloudy多云的easy容易的happy幸福的funny可笑的(2)、名词后缀表示:性质、状态;全体、集体;动作、行为、结果company公司party党;聚会sympathy 同情5、-ate(1)、动词后缀表示:做、造成、使之成、做…事等educate教育communicate交流create创造(2)、形容词后缀表示:有…性质的、如…形状的、具有…的accurate精确的considerate体贴的private 私人的(3)、名词后缀candidate候选人6、-ation名词后缀表示:动作、过程、状态、结果education教育examination考试starvation饿死reputation名誉7、-ing(1)、名词后缀表示:1)某个动词的动作或其过程、状态、情况boxing 拳击painting画;绘画feeling 感觉2)用于制作或形成某物的材料bedding寝具clothing服装3)动作的结果或产物building建筑物(2)、构成现在分词形式的形容词exciting激动的interesting有趣的boring 乏味的8、-ment名词后缀表示:1)行为、行为的过程或结果、状态、情况movement 运动;活动agreement协定,协议;同意2)物apartment一套公寓房间instrument仪器;乐器3)组织、机构department部,部门government 政府9、-ic(1)、形容词后缀表示:属于…的、有…性质的、类似…的、关于…的、具有…的basic基本的classic最优秀的cubic立方的(2)、名词后缀表示:…学、…术及其它抽象名词magic魔术music音乐10、-ent(1)、形容词后缀表示:具有…性质的、关于…的different 不同的confident自信的(2)、名词后缀表示:1)人student学生parent父亲,母亲2)物agent剂11、-or名词后缀表示:1)人actor演员visitor 参观者2)物motor发动机tractor拖拉机3)情况、状态、性质terror恐怖12、-ly1)副词后缀,表示:以…方式、状态、程度、性质partly部分地hardly几乎不2)副词后缀,表示:从…角度personally私下3)副词、形容词后缀,表示:每隔…时间daily每日的;每日weekly每周的;一周一次的4)形容词后缀,表示:像…样;有…特性的lovely可爱的friendly友好的13、-age名词后缀表示:1)集合名词baggage行李2)场所、地点village村庄3)费用postage 邮资4)动作或其结果、过程marriage 婚姻5)状态、情况、身份等courage 勇气advantage优点6)物carriage(火车)客车厢bandage绷带14、-ure名词后缀表示:动作、过程、动作的结果、状态;实物、机构culture文化lecture讲座pleasure愉快picture 图片temperature温度15、-ous形容词后缀表示:如…的;有…性质的;有…的;属于…的dangerous危险的famous著名的nervous神经紧张的16、-ence名词后缀表示:动作、情况、性质、状态conference会议difference差异experience经验17、-ary(1)、名词后缀表示:1)场所、地点library 图书馆2)人secretary 秘书3)物dictionary 字典4)抽象名词anniversary 周年纪念(2)、形容词后缀,表示:有…性质的;属于…的;关于…的necessary必要的18、-ful(1)、形容词后缀表示:充满…的;具有…性质的;易于…的;可…的careful 小心的helpful 有帮助的useful有用的(2)、名词后缀表示:充满…所需的量handful一把19、-able, -ible形容词后缀,表示:可…的、能…的、适于…的、易于…的、具有…性质的portable便于携带的suitable合适的reliable 可靠的impossible不可能的terrible可怕的20、-ive(1)、形容词后缀表示:有…性质的;属于…的;与…有关的;有…倾向的active活跃的,积极的attractive有吸引力的expensive昂贵的(2)、名词后缀表示:人relative 亲戚detective侦探21、-ant(1)、形容词后缀表示:属于…的;具有…性质的distant遥远的pleasant令人愉快的(2)、名词后缀表示:人servant仆人22、-en(1)、形容词后缀表示:由…制造成的;含有…的;似…的wool(l)en 羊毛制的golden 金的,金制的(2)、动词后缀表示:做;使成为…;使变成…frighten 使惊恐sharpen使变锋利23、-ist名词后缀表示:…的实行者;…专业人员;…专家;…主义者,…信仰者tourist 旅游者chemist化学家dentist牙科医生socialist社会主义者24、-ity , 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