STATEMENT陈述句

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陈述句Statement / Declarative Sentence
用来叙述一个事实或观点的句子叫陈述句。

一般用降调,句末用句号Full Stop结束句子。

陈述句的交际功能主要是说明事实,肯定什么或者否定什么,因此陈述句主要分为两大类:
1、用来肯定一个事实。

2、在肯定事实时可以采用不同程度的肯定口气。

(1)人们在肯定某项事实时往往采用一些表示委婉的词语,是说话人所表示出的态度或看法显得不是那么生硬,以达到更有礼貌说话留有余地的目的:I’m afraid, if I’m not mistaken, I think, I suppose, I guess, I suspect, if I might say so, if you please, if you don’t mind, etc.
---We have met before, if I’m not mistaken.
(2)加强肯定的语气
A.可以增加强调词(Emphasizer):indeed, really, definitely, certainly, for sure, without any question, without doubt, undoubtedly, virtually, surely, actually, etc.。

---Without any question, his new novel will be the best seller for 2010.
B.增添强调附加结构(Reinforcement Tag):
---That was a trap, that was.
---You’ve gone mad, you have.
C.采用双重否定(Double Negative)含蓄的加强肯定
---That kind of result is not impossible (=quite possible).
---She went to that place not infrequently (quite frequently).
D.用修饰疑问句(Rhetorical Question)来起强调作用,即形式上是疑问句而实际为陈述句的强调句式。

其否定形式相当于受强调的肯定陈述句:
---Isn’t it lovely weather today? = The weather is very lovely indeed.
---Who doesn’t know that? = Everybody knows that.
其肯定形式相当于受强调的否定陈述句:
---Who cares where you slept? = Nobody cares where you slept.
---Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement? = Surely no one will doubt it.
1、用来表示句子的否定意向或提出对比。

2、用not和助动词或情态动词否定
(1)Not否定谓语动词,构成否定句:not 置于操作词之后主动词之前:操作词+not缩略形式
---They’ve not finished yet.
---They haven’t finished yet.
(2)Not有时用来否定句中其他词语,表示局部否定(Partial Negation)而不构成否定句:
---He said it not to you but to me.(否定介词词组)
---He visited her not long ago. (否定介词词组)
---He wrote not very successful book(否定形容词词组).
---You are wrong in not making a protest.(否定-ing分词结构)
*但若局部否定出现在句首,有时也会构成否定句。

---Not very often did she go there to see him. = She did not go there to see him very often.
3、用否定副词或代词否定:no, never, neither, none, nothing都有与之对应的带not的否定句
---I never smoke.
---I did nothing to be ashamed of.
---She saw neither of the twin brothers. = She didn’t see either of the twin brothers. ---None of the books are available.’
---It will get you nowhere. = It won’t get you any where.那会使你徒劳无功。

---No honest man would lie. = An honest man would not lie.
---He is no longer there. = He is not there any longer.
4、加强否定意义
(1)否定成分移至句首引起倒装,加强了否定含义。

---Not a moment should I waste.
(2)用”not a/one”加强否定
---Not a word came from her lips.
(3)用固定搭配加强否定。

---He won’t lift a finger to help us.
(4)用否定词never 或never in m life。

---I shall never, never go there again.
---I’ve never in my life heard of such a thing.
(5)用never + do。

---I never did like her, you know.
(6)加强否定意义的特殊结构。

---You won’t catch me doing that again.
---I will be hanged if I’ll do any such thing.
5、双重否定:出现两个否定词,及否定之否定。

双重否定表示的意义是肯定的,通常比肯定句语气更重。

这种结构有:no…not, no(not)…without, no…but, can’t but, can’t help doing, none but
——He doesn’t lend his book to nobody.
——He can’t make anything out of anything.
——Man can’t live without water.
6、一些半否定句
(1)用否定词hardly, scarcely, little, few, seldom, rarely等
---I hardly see anything in the room. =I can see little in the room.
(2)“all/both/every/each +谓语+ not”表示概念为“有的是,有的不是”
---All of them are not students. =Some of them are students, some are not.。